Getting Started North

]
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE VERSION
GETTING STARTED IN
ASTRONOMY
AN EASY GUIDE TO
EXPLORING THE
UNIVERSE
INCLUDES A MOON MAP AND STAR CHARTS
FROM THE
EDITORS OF
SkyandTelescope.com
SkyandTelescope.com
Your First Steps

in Astronomy
way around the sky. They also give you a

view thats right side up and straight in
front of you, making it easy to see where
youre pointing. Binoculars are fairly inexpensive, widely available, and easy to carry
and store. Theyre also versatile; you can
switch from terrestrial to celestial viewing in
an instant.And their performance is surprisingly respectable. Ordinary 7- to 10-power
binoculars improve on the unaided eye
about as much as a good amateur telescope
improves on binoculars and at a far
lower cost. For astronomy, the larger the
front lenses are, the better. High optical
Read It and Reap
The joy of astronomy comes from finding quality is important too. But any binoculars
already knocking around the back of your
your way around the starry sky and
understanding what you see. A great place closet are enough to launch your amateurto start is your local library or bookstore. astronomy career.
Browse the astronomy shelf for beginners
Use Maps and Guidebooks
guides that will teach you about the
Moon, planets, and constellations. Check Once youve learned your way around the
the magazine rack for Sky & Telescope, the night sky, binoculars can keep you busy for
years. With good maps and reference books,
hobbys essential monthly magazine. It
offers practical tips for observers as well as you can identify dozens of the Moons
articles on many fascinating astronomical craters, plains, and mountains. Binoculars
will show you the ever-changing positions
topics.
of Jupiters moons and the crescent phases
Another great resource is the World
Wide Web. Start at Sky & Telescopes site, of Venus. Theyll also reveal most of the 109
SkyandTelescope.com, or you can use any M objects, the star clusters, galaxies, and
nebulae cataloged by 18th-century
search utility to look up topics such as
astronomer Charles Messier. Binoculars will
amateur astronomy or stargazing.
let you split scores of colorful double stars
and allow you to follow the fadings and
Let the Stars Get in Your Eyes
Go out on any clear, dark night and famil- brightenings of numerous variable stars.
iarize yourself with the star patterns over- All this and more is possible but only if
head, using the constellation maps on the you know where to look and what to look
for. Moreover, the skills youll develop using
following pages.
If you live in a brightly lit city or town, maps and guidebooks with binoculars are
find a place where theres less light pollu- exactly the skills youll need to put a teletion (or at least a spot free from the glare scope to good use.
of nearby lights) so you can see more
Seek Out Other Amateurs
stars. The ability to look up and say,
Theres nothing like sharing an interest with
Theres the North Star! or Thats
others. There are hundreds of astronomy
Saturn! will provide pleasure and a
clubs worldwide; Sky & Telescopes Web site
sense of your place in the cosmos for
includes a directory of them. Call a club
the rest of your life.
near you to find out when it holds meetings
or all-night observing sessions called star
Start with Binoculars
parties. These events offer a wonderful
Binoculars are an ideal first telescope
for several reasons. They show you a wide opportunity to try out different telescopes,
learn new skills, and make friends.
field of view, making it easy to find your
DID YOU KNOW THAT YOU can see a galaxy
212 million light-years away with your
unaided eye? Or that you can see craters
on the Moon with ordinary binoculars?
These and countless other wonders await
your gaze every clear night. The first step
is simply to look up and ask, Whats
that? And when you do, youll take the
first step toward a lifetime of cosmic
exploration and enjoyment. Whats the
best way to get started on this exciting
adventure?
2003 Sky Publishing Corp.
Northern Hemisphere Version
Astronomy doesnt deserve

its reputation as a tough,
expensive hobby to get into.
You just need to begin with
the right advice.
When Its Time for a Telescope,

Plunge in Deep
Eventually youll be ready for your first telescope. This is no time to skimp on quality.
The telescope you want has two essentials.
One is high-quality, diffraction-limited
optics. The other is a solid, steady, smoothly working mount. You may also want large
aperture (size), but dont lose sight of portability and convenience. Remember, the
best telescope for you is the one youll
actually use.
Many telescopes have built-in computers and motors that will point them to any
of thousands of celestial objects at the
push of a few buttons. These are a lot of
fun to use and can help you locate sights
you might otherwise overlook. But its still
helpful to know your way around the sky
especially if your batteries run out!
Its true that telescopes can cost many
thousands of dollars, but its also true that
some good ones can be had for only a few
hundred dollars. Cant afford the scope
you want? Save up until you can.
Another year of using binoculars while
building a savings account will be time
youll never regret.
Relax and Have Fun

Dont get upset if you cant find a particular object or because the view in your telescope is less than perfect. Learn to take
pleasure in whatever your eyes, binoculars,
or telescope can show you. The more you
look, the more youll see. Set your own
pace, and revel in the beauty and mystery
of our amazing universe!
SkyandTelescope.com
Northern Hemisphere Version

Finding Your Way
Among the Stars
Heres how to use our bimonthly

star charts to identify your
evening stars and constellations.
CAN YOU SPOT THE BIG DIPPER? Orion? The
Pleiades? Your exploration of the universe
begins with learning the stars in your
evening sky. But different constellations are
visible at different times of year and hours
of the night, depending on your latitude
and which way the night side of our planet
is facing.
The accompanying charts will help you
get oriented. Theyre designed for skywatchers in midnorthern latitudes such
as the United States, southern Canada,
and Europe. Each represents the entire
sky at the dates and times printed on it.
Find a chart appropriate for your date,
and go out within an hour or so of the
time listed.
How the Charts Work

The round edge of each chart represents
your horizon, with compass directions
labeled. Turn the map around so the edge
marked with the direction youre facing
(north, east, or whatever) is right-side up.
The stars above this horizon on the map
will now match the stars youre facing.
Ignore the rest of the map for now.
The maps center is overhead (the
zenith). So a star thats plotted halfway
from the edge to the center can be found
about halfway up the sky. That is, it will be
halfway from horizontal to straight up.
Dot sizes indicate star brightnesses
the larger the dot, the brighter the star.
Example: Lets try the July/August chart.
Turn it so the horizon labeled Facing
West is right-side up. About halfway from
there to the center is the bright star
Arcturus. Go outside around one of the
dates and times listed, face west, and look
halfway from horizontal to straight up.
Theres Arcturus!
To the right of Arcturus, in the northwest, is the Big Dipper. Turn the chart so
the Facing NW horizon edge is rightside up. When you hold the chart correctly, the Dippers handle stretches toward
the upper left and its bowl is at lower right
just the way it looks in the northwestern sky. Nearly overhead, as you crane
your neck up, is the bright star Vega. Its

part of the little constellation Lyra.
Youll notice that east is left of north on
our charts, not to the right as on maps of
the Earth. This is because the charts are
used while looking up, not down.
Tips for Success

Find a dark viewing site and bring a dim
flashlight to read the map by. Its best to
use red light, which helps preserve your
night vision.
When you start out, look only for the
brightest stars on the map, those depicted
with the biggest dots. Mentally blank out
the fainter ones if you are in a city or suburb (or in bright moonlight); they will be
invisible or nearly so through the light pollution. But wherever you are, remember
that there is a much bigger difference
between bright and faint stars in the sky
than is suggested on the chart.
Remember that the chart is a very
reduced representation of the real sky. To
see how reduced, hold your hand at arms
length with your fingers fully spread as
wide as you can. One of these hand
spans from thumbtip to little fingertip is
a little less than the length of the Big
Dipper. Compare this with the size of the
Dipper on the charts. You can work your
way around by remembering this rule:
One hand span in the sky is slightly less
than an inch on the chart. Pretty tiny!
The maps are drawn for an observer at
40 north latitude (for example, Denver,
New York, Madrid). If youre far south of
there, stars in the southern part of the sky
will appear higher than the map shows,
and stars in the north will be lower. If
youre far north of 40 latitude, the reverse
will be true.
The Moon and planets are not plotted
because theyre always changing position.
Find the line arcing across each chart
labeled ECLIPTIC. This is the line near
which the Sun, Moon, and planets always
travel. Its called the ecliptic because its
where eclipses can occur.
If you see a bright star near the ecliptic thats not on the map, youve located a
planet. To figure out which one it is, consult the latest issue of Sky & Telescope or
visit SkyandTelescope.com and use our
Interactive Sky Chart.
Looking Deeper
Take the maps out often, and try to learn a
new constellation each night. You are
establishing the landmarks youll need for
finding your way when you start using
binoculars or a telescope.
Once you know at least some constellations fairly well, you can start exploring
the sky a lot more deeply with optical aid.
For this youll need larger star charts that
show more close-up detail.
The maps here show stars as faint as
magnitude 4.5. This is about as faint as
you can see with the naked eye through
suburban light pollution. Also plotted are
some interesting objects for binoculars or
small telescopes: star clusters, nebulae, and
galaxies. When hunting for these faint
sights youll have an easier time if you use
larger charts that show stars to at least as
faint as magnitude 6. (Higher magnitude
numbers mean fainter stars.)
People who get serious about using a
telescope will want even more detailed sky
charts ones that show stars as faint as
magnitude 8 or so. Sky Atlas 2000.0 by Wil
Tirion and Roger W. Sinnott is the set
most widely used. The latest edition shows
81,000 stars to magnitude 8.5 and 2,700
galaxies, star clusters, and nebulae.
Clear skies!
Greek Letters on Star Maps

The brightest stars in each constellation
are named with lowercase Greek letters. A
constellations most brilliant star is often
called Alpha, the first letter in the Greek
alphabet. The letters are used with the
Latin genitive form of the constellation
name, so the Alpha star of Centaurus is
called Alpha Centauri.
Here is the lowercase Greek alphabet as
used by astronomers:
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Delta
Epsilon
Zeta
Eta
Theta
Iota
Kappa
Lambda
Mu
Nu
Xi
Omicron
Pi
Rho
Sigma
Tau
Upsilon
Phi
Chi
Psi
Omega
Evening Stars in
Jan/Feb
Northern Hemisphere
Every issue of Sky & Telescope

magazine contains a full-color
star chart for the current month.
SkyandTelescope.com
for latitude 40 N.
When to Use This Chart
How to Use This Chart
Early Jan.
Late Jan.
Early Feb.
Late Feb.
Go out within an hour or so of the time listed at left.

Turn the chart around so the edge marked with the
direction youre facing is right-reading. The stars
above this horizon on the map now match the stars
in front of you. The maps center is overhead (the
zenith). So a star plotted halfway from the
edge to the center can be found
in the sky about halfway
from horizontal to
straight up.
10 p.m.
9 p.m.
8 p.m.
Dusk
The chart is also useful in early October at 5

a.m.*, early November at 2 a.m., and early
December at midnight.
Facing Nor th
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*Daylight-saving time
Evening Stars in
Mar/Apr
Northern Hemisphere

SkyandTelescope.com
for latitude 40 N.
Early Mar.
Late Mar.
Early Apr.
Late Apr.

zenith). So a star plotted halfway from the edge to
the center can be found in the sky
about halfway from horizontal to straight up.
11 p.m.
10 p.m.
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The chart is also useful in early

December at 5 a.m., early
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early February at 1
a.m.
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Evening Stars in
May/Jun
Northern Hemisphere

SkyandTelescope.com
for latitude 40 N.
Early May
Late May
Early June
Late June

edge to the center can be found in
the sky about halfway from
horizontal to straight
up.
1 a.m.*
Midnight*
11 p.m.*
Dusk*
Facing Nor th
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The chart is also useful in early

February at dawn, early
March at 4 a.m., and
early April at 3
a.m.*.
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Evening Stars in
Jul/Aug
Northern Hemisphere

SkyandTelescope.com
for latitude 40 N.
Early July
Late July
Early Aug.
Late Aug.

from horizontal to
straight up.
Midnight*
11 p.m.*
10 p.m.*
Dusk*
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The chart is also useful in late April

at dawn, late May at 3 a.m.*,
and late June at 1 a.m.*.
Evening Stars in
Sep/Oct
Northern Hemisphere

SkyandTelescope.com
for latitude 40 N.
Early Sept.
Late Sept.
Early Oct.
Late Oct.

from horizontal to
straight up.
11 p.m.*
10 p.m.*
9 p.m.*
Dusk*
Facing Nor th
The chart is also useful in late June at

dawn, late July at 2 a.m.*, and
late August at midnight*.
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Evening Stars in
Nov/Dec
Northern Hemisphere for latitude 40 N.

SkyandTelescope.com
Early Nov.
Late Nov.
Early Dec.
Late Dec.

from horizontal to
straight up.
10 p.m.
9 p.m.
8 p.m.
7 p.m.
The chart is also useful in early August at

dawn, early September at 3 a.m.*, and early
October at 1 a.m.*.
Facin g North
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Mi Alco
&
Fa
ci
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S
NU
OR
IC
FO
PR
CA
RN
AX
Fo
SCU
lha
ut
IS S
SC U
PI RIN
T
S
AU
Fa
Va
PHOENIX
LPTOR
ma
Facing South
n
ci
Star magnitudes
0 1 2 3 4
ria
Op ble
en sta
Gl clu r
ob st
e
Ga ular r
la cl
x
us
te
Pl y
r
an
et
Di ar
ffu y n
se eb
ne ula
bu
la
ID
ng
IU
l
Rige
PU
ci
CE
TU
S
LE
Mira
E C
L I
P T
I C
ON
Bellatrix
ORI
Pleiades
Altair
TR
DE LP HI NU
ANDROMEDA
Circlet
Fa
SAG
CE
LA
M31
Facing West
ol
US
Zenith
Double
Cluster
Alg
M3
4
PE
RS
E
IT T A
G
CY
RT
ne
NU
CASSIOPEIA
Kid
s
RIG
A
M38
M36
M37
AU
ella
Cap
NI
De
Ca
sto
r
Poll
u
se
lgeu
Bete
MONOC EROS
Facing East
Exploring the Moon
SkyandTelescope.com
The Moon is by far the most rewarding celestial object for a small telescope. Even a
very small instrument will reveal its bleak,
blasted landscape of mountain ranges,
plains, hills, valleys, and craters. Even
binoculars show many features, and there
are enough interesting sites on the Moon to
keep a telescopic explorer busy forever.
Youll notice right away that except
when the Moon is full, it is divided
by the terminator, the line separating lunar day and
night. Here is where
detail shows best.
When the Moon
is a waxing
SINUS
(growing) crescent, we see the parts on the

right edge of the map. At first-quarter phase
we see the entire right half, and so on.
To use this lunar map, turn the chart
until it matches your view. Note: Some telescopes give a mirror image, which will not
match this map no matter how you turn it.
MARE
FRIGORIS
Aristoteles
PS
AL S
MT
IN
U
S
IS
Plato
IRIDUM
Pico
MARE
Piton
U
CA
IMBRIUM
SU
CA
S
T
M
Refractors and Cassegrain reflectors give

mirror images when used with a star diagonal; so does any other instrument containing an odd number of mirrors. If you find
this to be a problem, take out the star diagonal and view straight through. A correct
image is much easier to compare with any
map.
Once the map is oriented, it will be
simple to identify the major craters,
mountains, and other features.
In time, the geography of
this alien world will
become as familiar
to you as that of
Atlas
our own.
Hercules
LA
SOM CUS
NIO
RUM
MARE
S E R E N I TAT I S
TT
SS
Archimedes
EE
MM
MARE
NN
AA
PP
EE
NN
S
U I
L N
A M
O
S
Eratosthenes
OCEANUS
SINUS
AESTUUM
Kepler
CRISIUM
IINN
Aristarchus
MARE
VA P O R U M
Plinius
MARE
UNDARUM
MARE
MARE
SPUMANS
T R A N Q U I L L I TAT I S
Copernicus
MARE
SINUS
MEDII
PROCELLARUM
FECUNDITATIS
Grimaldi
Langrenus
Theophilus
Ptolemaeus
Cyrillus
Alphonsus
Gassendi
MARE
MARE
MARE
N E C TA R I S
Arzachel
Fracastorius
NUBIUM
Maurolycus
Tycho
ato
ry
bs
er
v
O
UC
O
/L
ick
ita
Rhe
ey
l
Va l
HUMORUM
Longomontanus
Clavius

Getting Started North

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NORTHERN HEMISPHERE VERSION

Your First Steps

way around the sky. They also give you a

2003 Sky Publishing Corp.

Northern Hemisphere Version

Astronomy doesnt deserve

When Its Time for a Telescope,

Relax and Have Fun

Northern Hemisphere Version

Heres how to use our bimonthly

How the Charts Work

your neck up, is the bright star Vega. Its

Tips for Success

Greek Letters on Star Maps

2003 Sky Publishing Corp.

Every issue of Sky & Telescope

When to Use This Chart

How to Use This Chart

Go out within an hour or so of the time listed at left.

The chart is also useful in early October at 5

2003 Sky Publishing Corp.

Every issue of Sky & Telescope

When to Use This Chart

How to Use This Chart

Go out within an hour or so of the time listed at left.

The chart is also useful in early

2003 Sky Publishing Corp.

Every issue of Sky & Telescope

When to Use This Chart

How to Use This Chart

Go out within an hour or so of the time listed at left.

The chart is also useful in early

2003 Sky Publishing Corp.

Every issue of Sky & Telescope

When to Use This Chart

How to Use This Chart

Go out within an hour or so of the time listed at left.

2003 Sky Publishing Corp.

The chart is also useful in late April

Every issue of Sky & Telescope

When to Use This Chart

How to Use This Chart

Go out within an hour or so of the time listed at left.

The chart is also useful in late June at

2003 Sky Publishing Corp.

Northern Hemisphere for latitude 40 N.

Every issue of Sky & Telescope

When to Use This Chart

How to Use This Chart

Go out within an hour or so of the time listed at left.

The chart is also useful in early August at

2003 Sky Publishing Corp.

Exploring the Moon

(growing) crescent, we see the parts on the

Refractors and Cassegrain reflectors give

2003 Sky Publishing Corp.

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