CE 7201

FOUNDATIONS

I HEREBY SOLEMNLY DECLARE

THAT
I SHALL NOT ATTEMPT ANY
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY
WITHOUT APPROPRIATE
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SOIL INVESTIGATION.

PRINCIPLES OF
SOIL MECHANICS II
2014-2015

SYLLABUS A
I) Basic Concepts
II) Elastic-Plastic Equilibrium
III) Earth Pressure Theories
- Rankine
- Coulomb
IV) Earth Retaining Structures
-Walls
-Sheet Piling
-Reinforced Earth
V) Bearing Capacity
VI) Stability of Slopes

SYLLABUS B
VII. SOIL INVESTIGATION
VIII. SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
IX. DEEP FOUNDATIONS
X. THE FOUNDATION PIT
XI. IMPROVEMENT OF SOIL

(I) ELASTIC EQUILIBRIUM

The condition where no part of the soil has reached
the state of yield or failure.
That is, the stress circles at any point in the soil
are well below the failure envelope.

ELASTIC MATERIAL
Elastic means ability to regain original shape. An elastic material obeys
Hookes Law: Strain is proportional to stress

z
H

Ho

Do

Hookes Law

Poisson Ratio

H
H0

cork
soils

0
=0.2~0.3

D
D0

WHAT IS A PLASTIC MATERIAL?

It is possible to mould a plastic material without any recovery of

the original shape (YIELD STRESS, y)

,
y

MOHR-COULOMB FAILURE CRITERION

There is a linear relationship between and
Failure is independent of deformation

SAND
s max tan
SOFT (NL) CLAY
sc
OVERCONSOLIDATED CLAY (c- soil)
s c tan

ELASTIC & PLASTIC STATES

dev=1-3

HOW IS THE FAILURE CONDITION

REPRESENTED?
There must be a relationship between stresses
and the failure envelope at the moment of
tangency

1 3 N 2c N
This condition is called the STATE of PLASTIC EQUILIBRIUM

PLASTIC EQUILIBRIUM

PLASTIC EQUILIBRIUM in (c=0) SOILS (SANDS)

BD
sin
BD AD sin
AD
1 AD BD AD AD sin AD 1 sin

1
AD
1 sin

3 AD BD AD AD sin AD 1 sin

3
AD
1 sin

3
1

1 sin 1 sin

1 1 sin

3 1 sin
1 sin
1 3
1 sin

1 f 3 N
1 Sin

2
N
tan 45
1 Sin
2

PLASTIC EQUILIBRIUM

for c- SOILS(OC CLAYS & SANDY MIXTURES)

1 f 3 N 2 c N

PLASTIC EQUILIBRIUM IN NL CLAY

0
3

1 3 2c

 Soils shall be assumed to be elasto-plastic !

,

THE SCOPE OF THIS COURSE:

PROBLEMS OF PLASTIC EQUILIBRIUM

(a)EARTH PRESSURE

(b)BEARING CAPACITY

(c)SLOPE STABILITY