Muc luc :

Trang
Chng 1 : Cac phep o c ban
-Muc ich va y nghia cng tc th nghim in
-Khai nim thng dung trong cng tac thi nghim
-Phep o in tr cach in
-Phep o in tr mt chiu
-Phep o ti s bin
-Phep xac inh cc tinh va t u dy
-Phep o h s tn hao in mi cach in
-Phep o khng tai
-Phep o ngn mach
-Phep th cao th bng in ap chinh lu (mt chiu) va o dong ro
-Phep th cao th bng in ap co tn s 50Hz
Chng :2 Thi nghim cac thit bi in
-Thi nghim lp mi may bin ap lc cp in ap t 110KV tr ln
-Thi nghim lp mi bin ap lc cp in ap 35KV
-Thi nghim inh ky may bin ap
-Thi nghim May bin in ap
-Thi nghim May bin dong in
-Thi nghim dao cach ly
- Thi nghim may ct
-Thi nghim chng set
-Thi nghim cap lc cao th
-Thi nghim cap lc ha th
- Thi nghim Cu chi cao th
-Thi nghim Tu in cao th va ha th
-Thi nghim may phat in ng b
-Thi nghim o in tr ni t (tip ia)
-Thi nghim s cach in ,thanh cai
-Thi nghim Cac Dung cu an toan
-Cac bc thi nghim mt mt thit bi

Trang1/ 43

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cuoi
I-Muc ich va y nghia cng tc th nghim in
- Muc ich cua cng tc thi nghim la nh gi cht lng ca cc thit b in trong
cng trnh v pht hin cc sai st trc khi a cc thit b ny vo s dng .
- Y nghia cng tac thi nghim : la c s co tinh phap ly khng inh cng trinh a sn sang
cho vic s dung vn hanh
- Cng tc th nghim in l g ?l cng vic nh gi va a ra kt lun cui cng ca
mt cng trnh v mt in . Cng tc th nghim in bao gm cc cng tc sau :
- anh gia thit bi
- Kim tra s hot ng ca thit b trong tng th cng trnh
- a ra nhng kt lun cui cung cua cng trinh v mt in
II- Cng tac anh gia cht lng :
1/ anh gia thit bi :
- s dung cac thit bi kim tra tin hanh o ac ly s liu cua tng thit bi
- s dung cac thit bi th nghim th kha nng chiu ng cua thit bi
- so sanh cac s liu o c va phep th nghim vi cac tiu chun co tinh phap ly
anh gia thit bi
2/ Kim tra s hoat ng cua thit bi :
- da vao cac thit k co tinh phap ly kim tra s hoat ng cua tng thit bi co
ung vi thit k
- trn c s kim tra nay phat hin nhng im sai trong qua trinh thi cng cung nh
iu bt hp ly trong thit k
3 /Kt lun cui cung :
- Da vao cng tac anh gia cht lng thit bi va kim tra hoat ng cua tng thit
bi a ra kt lun chung v cng trinh
Bai 1 : Cac khai nim thng dung trong cng tac thi nghim cao ap
- i tng thi nghim :la thit bi in hoc tp hp cac thit bi in lin kt vi
nhau se c kim tra
- Thit bi thi nghim : la thit bi dung kim tra mt hang muc hay nhiu hang
muc cua thit bi vi du megamet
- Hang muc thi nghim : la mt phep o ly s liu hay phep th nghim thit bi vi
du hang muc ti s bin
- Tiu chun thi nghim :la tp hp cac s liu chun do nha nc hay nha san xut
thit bi quy inh lam c s so sanh vi du Tiu chun nghanh in ,IEC ..
- Phng phap thi nghim : phng phap thc hin kim tra vi du xac inh ti s bin
may bin ap co th dung ngun 3 pha hay ngun mt pha
- Ngi thi nghim : la nhn vin thc hin cac phep o lng , th nghim
- Thit b nht th: l cc thit b in lc gm cc nhm my in tnh (my bin
p, my bin in p, my bin dng in), my in quay (my pht in, ng c
in), my ct v dao cch ly (my ct, dao cch ly, dao ct ph ti, cu ch cao
th), thit b in khc trong Trm bin p (thanh ci, chng st, t in, khng
in, s cch in)
- Th nghim mi (TNM): l th nghim nh gi cht lng thit b in ln u
trc khi ng in nghim thu a vo s dng.
Trang2/ 43

Th nghim nh k (TNK): l th nghim chn on, phng nga s c i vi

thit b in sau mt khong thi gian lm vic theo qui nh.
Bai 2 :Phep o in tr cach in
1/Cac inh nghia :
- in tr cch in: l in tr ca cch in khi t mt in p mt chiu vo cch
in ca thit b in.
- H s hp th: l t s gia in tr cch in o c sau 60 giy (R60) k t lc
t in p v in tr cch in o sau 15 giy (R15).
- H s phn cc: l t s gia in tr cch in o c sau 10 pht k t lc t
in p v in tr cch in o sau 1 pht.
2/ ngha ca phep o :
- in tr cach in la hng mc kim tra u tin anh gia s b v tinh trng
cach in ca cac thit b in
- nh gi s bin i ca dng in r qua cch in theo thi gian, khi o in
tr cch in xc nh thm h s hp th v h s phn cc
3/Phng phap o in tr cach in:
- Gian tip :
Dung vnmet va ampemet mt chiu o dong in ro cac in ap tiu chun
500V,1000V,2500V,5000V
Rc = U/Iro (M)
U : in ap mt chiu t vao cach in
Iro :Dong in ro o c
- Phng phap trc tip :
Dung Mgamet chuyn dung co in ap trn cac cc o :
500V,1000V,2500V,5000V
Luc nay tri s trn mgm la tri s thc cua Rc
4/Cach o c ban:
Mt cc in ap o t vao phn dn in cua thit bi ,cc in ap con lai t vao phn
cach in cua thit bi
Phn dn in

Uo

A
Phn cach in

5/S dung mgmmet:

o Rc gia phn dn va vo khng loai tr dong ro t mach khac
+
Mgammet

o Rc gia phn dn va vo co loai tr dong ro t mach khac

Trang3/ 43

+
Mgammet

o Rc gia hai phn dn co loai tr dong ro t mach khac

+
Mgammet

6/ Cng tc chun b :
- Kim tra i tng c th nghim c ct in, cch ly hon ton vi cc
ngun in p, v thit b phi c ni t.
- Ni t tm thi cc u cc ca i tng c th nghim, sau tch cc u cc
ca i tng ang ni vo h thng.
- i vi cc loi my in: thc hin thm vic ni tt cc u dy ra ca mi cun
dy c o.
- V sinh cc b mt cch in bn ngoi ca i tng c th nghim loi tr sai
s o do dng r b mt.
- La chn in p th nghim, s php o ph hp vi quy nh ca ngnh in i
vi tng i tng thit b c th nghim.
- Kim tra ngun, cc u ni v dy o ca M-gm-met phi m bo yu cu k
thut.
- u ni s o ph hp quy trnh s dng thit b o.
- Lm hng ro an ton bo v, treo bin bo v c ngi canh an ton.
- Ghi nhn cc gi tr nhit mi trng t nhit k .
- Khi th nghim my in : ghi thm nhit du, nhit cun dy t cc ng h
nhit lp trong i tng o.
- Tho cc ni t tm thi ang ni trn cc u cc ca i tng c th nghim.
7/ Tin hnh o v ly s liu :
- Chn in p th nghim trn thit b o v v tr in p thch hp.
- Cp ngun th nghim trn thit b o v v tr ON ng thi theo di ng h thi
gian.
- Ghi nhn li cc gi tr in tr cch in cac :thi im 15 giy va thi im 60
giy hoc cac thi im khac sau khi t in p o theo yu cu ca php o.
- o cach in cua i tng thi nghim cua may in theo quy inh :
cach in cua cac phn dn in so vi vo
cach in gia cac phn dn in so vi nhau
- i vi cc my bin p lc 110kV khi c yu cu th ly thm cc gi tr in tr
cch in ti cc thi im 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 pht v c tuyn in tr
cch in theo thi gian v xc nh h s phn cc.
- i vi cc, t in, khng in : ghi nhn li cc gi tr in tr cch in cc thi
im 15 giy, 60 giy sau khi t in p o theo yu cu ca php o xc nh h
s hp th.

Trang4/ 43

- i vi cc my in tnh, my in quay: khi gi tr o khng n nh th tm thi

ngng o, u tt cc u cc cun dy v u t t nht trong 5 pht x hon ton
cc in tch d.
- Sau khi o xong th tt ngun th nghim, dng so tip a ni t cc u cc
i tng cn th nghim nhm x in tch d.
- u ni s o thch hp vi php o k tip v tin hnh cc bc tng t o
v ly s liu.
- Sau khi thc hin xong tt c cc php o trn mt i tng thit b, cn phi v
sinh thit b o, dn dp v hon tr s v trng thi ban u
8/X ly s liu :
- Khi nhit o khac vi nhit tiu chun hoc nhit ghi trong ly lich thit bi
thi phai hiu chinh Rc theo nhit bng mt h s K2
t=t2-t1
K2
t=t2-t1
K2
1
1.04
10
1.5
2
1.08
15
1.84
3
1.13
20
2.25
4
1.17
25
2.75
5
1.22
30
3.4
t1 :nhit o trc o hay cho trong li lich
t2 :nhit o o sau
- t> 0 khi quy i v t1 phai nhn vi K2
- t< 0 khi quy i v t1 phai chia vi K2
Vi du : Rc =1000M t1=250c cho trong li lich ,Rc =600M t2=350c quy i v t1
t=10>0 , K2=1.5, : Rc quy i = 600 x 1.5 = 900M
- Tinh h s hp thu Kht=R60/R15
K1.3 cach in kh ,K <1.3 cach in bi m
- Tinh h s phn cc Kpc=R10/R1
T cac kt qua nay so sanh vi tiu chun kt lun in tr cach in
Bai 3 : Phep o in tr mt chiu
1/Cac inh nghia :
- in tr mt chiu : l in tr thun ca cun dy cc my in c o khi t mt
in p mt chiu vo hai u cc ca cun dy .
2/Y nghia :
- in tr mt chiu cun dy l thng s xc nh tnh trng cc cu trc phn dn
dng trong my in : cun dy chnh, cun dy phn p, cc mi tip xc ca u
vo v cu trc dn dng bn trong, cc cu trc dn in ca b chuyn nc phn
p...
3/Phng phap o
- a/Gian tip :Dung vn met va ampemet

Trang5/ 43

in tr
han ch

in tr mt chiu
R=U/I
U : in ap mt chiu o
I :Dong in o c
Lu y trong phng phap nay cn:
- chon in tr han ch thich hp
- i tng thi nghim co tinh in cam ln cn thao ng h vn trc khi ngt
mach
- b/Trc tip:
Dung cac cu o in tr mt chiu nh : P333T
Gia tri th hin trn cu o la gia tri trc tip

C cu chi thi cn
bng

C cu iu chinh cn
bng

4/Cng tac chun bi:

Kim tra i tng c th nghim c ct in , cch ly hon ton vi cc
ngun in p , v thit b phi c ni t .
- Ni t tm thi cc u cc ca i tng c th nghim , sau tch cc u cc
ca i tng ang ni vo h thng .
- Kim tra ngun , cc u ni v dy o ca thit b o in tr mt chiu chuyn dng
hoc ng h Ampe, Vn DC (khi o bng phng php V-A) phi m bo yu cu
k thut .
- u ni s o theo nguyn tc : in tr mt chiu ca cun dy my in c
qui nh o cho tt c cc pha, cc cun dy ton b cc nc phn p ca cun dy
(i vi my bin p) hoc ph hp quy trnh s dng thit b o . Tr s dng in
mt chiu o cn phi khng lm cho nhit cun dy thay i ng k trnh
sai s do nhit (dng o khng c vt qu 20% dng in nh mc ca cun
dy my in)
- Lm hng ro an ton bo v , treo bin bo v c ngi canh an ton .
- Ghi nhn cc gi tr nhit mi trng t nhit k .
- Khi th nghim my in : ghi thm nhit du , nhit cun dy t cc ng h
nhit lp trong i tng o.
- Tho cc ni t tm thi ang ni trn cc u cc ca i tng c th nghim
5/Tin hnh o v ly s liu :
Trang6/ 43

Bt chuyn mch chn thang o dng in v in tr trn thit b o in tr mt

chiu chuyn dng v v tr thch hp.
- Bt chuyn mch cp ngun th nghim trn thit b o v v tr ON ng thi theo di
n khi in tr n nh th ghi nhn gi tr o .
- Khi tin hnh o in tr mt chiu cun dy bng phng php Vn - Ampe, phi c
in tr iu chnh trong mch o gim thi gian n nh dng o (thi gian qu
ca mch R-L) v tin hnh theo trnh t sau:
- ng ngun mt chiu, dng bin tr iu chnh cho dng in o ph hp vi yu
cu. Ch cho dng in o n nh.
- Nhn nt n o p, trong cng mt thi im, c tr s dng in v in p.
- Nh nt n o p trc khi ct ngun mt chiu (hoc khi thay i nc phn p ca
b iu p di ti)
Lu : S o in tr mt chiu bng phng php Vn - Ampe:

A a

U DC
-

B b

C c

Sau khi o xong th tt ngun th nghim , dng so tip a ni t cc u

cc i tng cn th nghim nhm x in tch d .
6/X ly s liu :
Khi nhit o khac vi nhit tiu chun hoc ghi trong ly lich may cn phai quy i v
mt nhit
- Cng thc tnh qui i in tr mt chiu theo nhit :
235+ t 2
235+ t 1
245+ t 2
= R t1 *
245+ t 1

- Vt liu ch to cun dy bng ng:

R t 2 = R t1 *

- Vt liu ch to cun dy bng nhm:

R t2

Rt1:in tr o nhit t1,Rt2:in tr o nhit t2

T1 nhit o ln trc , t2 nhit o ln sau
- Tinh toan sai s theo phn trm
- Trn c s o so sanh vi tiu chun a ra kt lun
Bai 4: Phep o ti s bin
1/ Cac inh nghia :
- i vi may bin ap lc ,bin in ap ,bin dong in : ti s bin la h s bin i gia
s cp va th cp va mt trong nhng thng s c ban
Trang7/ 43

2/Y nghia :
- Kim tra tnh ng n ca cu trc cun dy. Kt hp vi cc hng mc th nghim
khc xc nh mc chm chp vng dy.
- Xac inh chc nng cua cac cun dy
3/Phng phap o:
Ngun thi
nghim

Thit bi
o l ng

i t ng
thi nghim

Thit bi
o l ng

- i tng thi nghim : la may bin ap lc ,may bin in ap thi :

Ngun thi nghim la ngun ap ,thit bi o lng la ng h vn va c ni song song
- i tng thi nghim :la bin dong in
Ngun thi nghim la ngun dong ,thit bi o lng la ng h ampe va c ni ni tip
4/Cng tc chun b:
- Kim tra i tng c th nghim c ct in, cch ly hon ton vi cc ngun
in p, v thit b phi c ni t.
- Ni t tm thi cc u cc ca i tng c th nghim, sau tch cc u cc
ca i tng ang ni vo h thng.
- Tho cc ni t tm thi ang ni trn cc u cc ca i tng c th nghim.
- La chn ngun th nghim va thit bi o lng thich hp, s lng php o ph hp
vi quy nh ca ngnh in hoc cua nha ch tao i vi tng i tng thit b c
th nghim.
- u ni s o ph hp quy trnh s dng thit b o lng.
- Lm hng ro an ton bo v, treo bin bo v c ngi canh an ton
5/Tin hnh o v ly s liu:
- i tng thi nghim la bin ap in lc :Xc nh cc nc phn p cn o i vi
tng cp cun dy ph hp vi l lch my v yu cu kim tra ca nh ch to. Ln
lt tin hnh o tr s ca tt c cc nc phn p cn o.
- i tng thi nghim la may bin in va bin dong in : Xc nh cc cun dy cn
o ph hp vi l lch my v yu cu kim tra ca nh ch to. Ln lt tin hnh o
tr s ca tt c cc cun dy cn o.
- Ghi li s liu hin th trn thit b o ca tng php o. Tnh ton gi tr o theo
hng dn ca qui trnh s dng thit b o ph hp vi s o hin ti.
- Cn so snh i chiu ngay s liu o vi s liu cho trong l lch my (nhn my)
kim tra kt qu ca tng nc phn p, kp thi pht hin cc sai st, cc trng hp
bt thng trong tng nc phn p.
- u ni s o thch hp vi php o k tip v tin hnh cc bc tng t o
v ly s liu.
- Sau khi thc hin xong tt c cc php o trn mt i tng thit b, cn phi v sinh
thit b o, dn dp v hon tr s v trng thi ban u.
Bai 5 : Phep xac inh cc tinh va t u dy
1/Cac inh nghia :
- Cc tinh la s quy c khi ta chon mt u cua mt cun dy lam cc tinh thi mt u
nao o cua mt cun dy con lai se co cung cc tinh.
Trang8/ 43

Cc tnh cun dy c ngha tng i. Hai cun dy (hay nhiu cun dy) c lin h
h cm s c khi nim cc tnh tng i so vi nhau: Cc cun dy c gi l c
cng cc tnh (tng ng vi mt cch qui c tn gi cc u cc ca chng) khi
vect in p cm ng trong tng cun dy u cng phng cng chiu.
2/ Y nghia
- Lam c s cho vic xac inh t u dy cua may bin ap lc ,chiu quay cua ng c
in 3 pha
- Lam c s cho vic u ni cac cun dy phia th cp cua may bin in ap , may
bin dong in phuc vu cho cng tac o lng o m ,bao v r le
3/ Phng phap xac inh cc tinh cun dy :
- S thi nghim : gm ngun mt chiu va mt vn k chi khng
a

S ki
mtrac
c tnh cu
n dy:
a- b: Cu
n dy c
p xung
c - d: Cu
n dy o c
c tnh xung
+: Xung dng
- : Xung m

Khi cho xung in ap mt chiu vao hai u cun dy va quy c u cun dy c

ni vao cc dng cua ngun in la cc tinh
- Hai u cua cun dy con lai c ni vi vn k chi khng
- Khi ta bt u cp xung in ap mt chiu thi vn k chi khng se lch v phia dng
- u dy nao c ni vi cc dng cua vn k chi khng c xem co cung cc tinh
vi u dy ni vi cc dng cua ngun mt chiu
- Trn hinh ve khi ta ong cu dao va vn k chi khng lch v phia + thi u a va u c
co cung cc tinh
Nu i tng thi nghim la may bin in ap hay may bin ap mt pha va may bin dong
in thi ap dung phng phap nay
Nu i tng la may bin ap in lc ba pha , may bin in ap ba pha thng s dung
phng phap xung mt chiu ba tri s xac inh t u dy
4/Xac inh t u dy bin ap in lc ba pha , may bin in ap ba pha :
a/inh nghia :
- T u dy my bin p c xc nh l ch s ca vc t in p th cp (nh ch s
gi ca kim gi) khi cho vc t in p s cp (l kim pht) ang ch vo s 12 trn
mt ng h.
- Cn lu cc h thng vc t in p s cp v th cp phi l cc h thng vc t
th t thun th khi nim t u dy mi c ngha (c nh vy, ton b h thng vc
t u quay ng b theo chiu dng "ngc chiu kim ng h", gc lch pha
tng i gia cc h thng vc t mi khng i).
Trang9/ 43

T u dy my bin p l mt thng s cu trc c bn, th hin gc lch pha tng

i (gn ng) gia cc h thng vc t in p s cp v th cp.
b/ Y nghia thng s t u dy :
- L c s p dng cc s thch hp tin hnh th nghim cc thng s ca my
bin p v p dng cc cng thc tnh ton qui i kt qu th nghim.
- L mt trong nhng iu kin xem xt v tnh chn phng n u ni vn hnh
song song my bin p.
- Tnh ton bo v r le.
- Phi hp trong u ni s mch dng th cp ca bo v r le (nht l bo v so
lch dc).
c/Phng phap xung mt chiu ba tri s :

S cp

Th cp

Nguyn tc :
- a dong in di dang xung vao phia s cp may bin ap , ni cu u A va C a
vao cc m , u B ni vi + cc dng
- Cp xung ln th nht ng thi oc chiu lch kim trn vn met chi khng ang
c mc vao pha ab ( cc + ni vi a ) ,ghi vao bang
- Cp xung ln th hai ng thi oc chiu lch kim trn vn met chi khng ang c
mc vao pha bc ( cc + ni vi b ) ,ghi vao bang
- Cp xung ln th ba ng thi oc chiu lch kim trn vn met chi khng ang c
mc vao pha ac ( cc + ni vi a ) ,ghi vao bang
- Quy c vnmet chi khng lch v phia + thi ghi du +, phia ghi du - ,khng lch
thi ghi 0
- Sau ba ln cp xung thi tra bang xac inh t u dy
Bng 1: Cc tnh xung mt chiu ba tr s v t u dy tng ng ca my bin p
T u dy
1
2
3
4

Cc tnh xung in p cm ng khi c xung dng

a+ bb+ ca+ c+
+
0
+
+
+
+
+
+
0
+
Trang10/ 43

5
+
+
6
+
0
7
+
8
0
9
10
0
11
+
12
+
0
5/Xac inh cc tinh cua cun dy ng c ba pha :
a/Khai nim :
Th t pha cua cun dy ba pha la quy c cac u dy cua cua ng c in ba pha khi
ta u chung vi li in ba pha th t thun thi ng c se quay theo chiu thun (truc
quay ng c se quay theo chiu kim ng h khi nhin t phia truc ng c)
b/Y nghia :
- Lam c s cho vic u ni cac cun dy cua ng c phu hp vi in ap lam vic
cua ng c
c/Phng phap o
Cach thc hin tng t chi cp xung mt ln va o trn hai cun dy con lai .Khi cp
xung vn met chi khng lch trai
6/ Cng tac chun bi :
- Kim tra i tng c th nghim c ct in, cch ly hon ton vi cc ngun
in p, v thit b phi c ni t.
- Ni t tm thi cc u cc ca i tng c th nghim, sau tch cc u cc
ca i tng ang ni vo h thng.
- Tho cc ni t tm thi ang ni trn cc u cc ca i tng c th nghim.
- u ni s o ph hp quy trnh s dng thit b o.
- Lm hng ro an ton bo v, treo bin bo v c ngi canh an ton.
7/Tin hanh o va ly s liu :
a/o cc tnh cun dy
- Xc nh cc i tng o vi tng cp cun dy ph hp vi l lch my v yu cu
kim tra ca nh ch to. Ln lt tin hnh o cc tnh ca tt c cc cp cun dy
cn o theo hng dn ca thit b o cc tnh chuyn dng hoc o cc tnh xung
in p cm ng khi c xung dng in p t vo u cun dy kia.
- Nu trong c hai qu trnh ng xung (xung dng) v ct xung (xung m), cc tnh
in p ti cun dy o cc tnh u ging nh cc tnh xung a vo cun dy cp
xung th hai cun dy l cng cc tnh v ngc li.
- Cn so snh i chiu ngay cc tnh o vi cc tnh cho trong l lch my (nhn my)
kim tra kt qu ca tng cp cun dy, kp thi pht hin cc sai st, cc trng
hp bt thng khng ph hp vi nhn my.
b/Kim tra t u dy ca my bin p
- Tin hnh u s o i vi tng cp cun dy theo bng , o xung mt chiu ba tr
s, ghi li cc gi tr cc tnh. Tra bng bit c t u dy tng ng vi t hp
cc tnh o c.
Trang11/ 43

Tin hnh kim tra t u dy theo chiu ngc li, kt qu t hp cc tnh o c

cn phi i xng vi t u dy xc nh trong php th thun qua ch s 12
(v d : 1 i xng vi 11, 2 i xng vi 10, 3 i xng vi 9, ...)
Trong trng hp php o thun v nghch c ch s t u dy khng i xng qua ch
s 12, cn phi xc nh th t tn pha v th t pha ca hai pha c trng nhau hay
khng.
- Lu y :khi thc hin phep kim tra ngc xung in ap cam ng phu thuc vao ti s
bin ti s bin cang ln xung in apcang ln co th gy ra git in vacn chon vn
k thich hp o
Bai 6 Phep o h s tn hao in mi cach in
1/Cac inh nghia :
- H s tn hao in mi (Tg hay DF) l t s gia thnh phn tc dng v thnh phn
phn khng ca dng in ro qua cch in khi t trong mt in trng (in p)
xoay chiu U
Tg =I td/ Ipk
- Cht lng cua cach in c phan anh bng tn hao cng sut P trong cach in
U

Ir

Ipk

P=U x Itd
= U x Ir x cos =
U x Ipk x Tg
= U x Tg x (U/Xc)
=
U2 x C x Tg
trong o U , C khng i nn P phu thuc vao Tg
2/Y nghia :
- Th nghim h s tn tht in mi (Tg hay DF) dng xc nh cht lng cch
in chnh ca my in ni chung v my bin p ni ring.
- Tg ln cach in m ,Tg nho cach in kh
3/ Phng phap o
o Tg ta thng dung cu o Tg (theo h nga cu)
Co

Cx

TP

R4

P
R3

C4

S nay con goi s thun

a/ Cu tao :
- TP may bin ap thi nghim
- Cx in dung cua i tng thi nghim
Trang12/ 43

- Co in dung mu
- G ganovamet cn bng
- R3 in tr iu chinh
- C4 in tr iu chinh
- Cac khe h phong in
b/ Nguyn ly lam vic : Khi t vao cach in mt in ap xoay chiu ,trong cach in co
dong in I chay qua .Phn tich dong in I nay thanh hai thanh phn :thanh phn tac
dung Itd va thanh phn phan khang Ipk
Tg =I td/ Ipk =Ptd/Ppk =I2Rx/I2Xx = CxRx
Khi cu cn bng
Tg= CxRx = C4R4
Trong ch tao ngi ta chon gia tri R4=10000/ =3183 thay vao, khi s dung dong in
tn s 50Hz va in dung tinh toan la F ta co Tg=C 4 . Ngi ta khc C4 theo
phn trm .Khi iu chinh cu cn bng ta co tri s o Tg% trc tip .
i vi cac loai cu o Tg khac thi tri s c tinh theo hng dn cua nha ch tao
c/Cac s o Tg
co hai s o : o thun va o nghich
1/o thun (nh a trinh bay ) thng ap dung cho oi tng thi nghim khng co im
nao ni t . S nay rt it s dung
2/o nghich :
- Dy cao ap cua bin ap thi nghim c ni vao vo cu o (vo cu o c cach ly
vi t )

TP

Co

Cx
G

R4
R3
C4

S nay co nhc im
- dong ro b mt cach in cn o ,Tu Co ,dy do u qua ganavamet nn gy sai s o
nhng thc t hay dung vi phn ln cac i tng thi nghim u co mt u ni t
4/Cng tac chun bi
- Kim tra i tng c th nghim c ct in, cch ly hon ton vi cc ngun
in p, v thit b phi c ni t.
- Ni t tm thi cc u cc ca i tng c th nghim, sau tch cc u cc
ca i tng ang ni vo h thng.
- V sinh b mt va lau kh b mt i tng o i tng thi nghim
- Tho cc ni t tm thi ang ni trn cc u cc ca i tng c th nghim.
- u ni s o ph hp quy trnh s dng thit b o.
Trang13/ 43

- Lm hng ro an ton bo v, treo bin bo v c ngi canh an ton

5/Tin hanh o va ly s liu :
- c lng s b gia tri R3 va C4 va t gia tri o
- Tng in ap n mt gia tri thp hn gia tri yu cu o , iu chinh R3 va C4 o cac
gia tri ln cho cu tng i cn bng
- Tip tuc tng n gia tri yu cu va , iu chinh R3 va C4 cac gia tri tinh chinh
- Trong qua trinh o khng th cn bng cu co th do nhiu in trng manh cn phai
tim bin phap kh nhiu
- Khi o cn ap ap dung cac bin phap giam sai s :
Lp vong chn dong ro b mt i tng thi nghim ri ni vi u chng nhiu
cua cu o .S dung ngun co it song hai bc cao
Bai 7 Phep o khng tai
1/Cac inh nghia :
Cac thit bi in khi lam vic trang thai khng tai tiu thu mt lng cng sut t
hoa loi thep phn cng sut nay goi la tn hao khng tai va c xac inh qua phep o
khng tai .
2/Y nghia :
- Ly s liu lam c s so snh s liu dng in khng ti v tn hao khng ti vi s
liu xut xng
- Nu dng khng ti hoc tn hao khng ti o c ti v tr lp t sai khc
(ln hn) qu ngng cho php so vi s liu xut xng chng t my in
b cc tc ng trong qu trnh chuyn ch lm x lch li thp, gng t, lm
chm chp cc l thp trong li thp.
- Nu dng khng ti tng vt bt thng chng t kh nng my in b chp
vng hoc ngn mch pha (trng hp ngn mch pha thng ch pht hin
c khi in p o l ng k so vi in p nh mc ca cun dy).
3/ Phng phap o
Ngun thi
nghim

Thit bi
o lng

i tng
thi nghim

- i tng thi nghim : la may in xoay chiu mt pha :

Ngun thi nghim la ngun in ap xoay chiu mt pha ,thit bi o lng la ng h vn
ampe , Oat met mt pha
- i tng thi nghim : la may in xoay chiu ba pha :
Ngun thi nghim la ngun in ap xoay chiu ba pha ,thit bi o lng la ng h vn
ampe va Oat met ba pha
4/Cng tc chun b:
- Kim tra i tng c th nghim c ct in, cch ly hon ton vi cc ngun
in p, v thit b phi c ni t.
- Ni t tm thi cc u cc ca i tng c th nghim, sau tch cc u cc
ca i tng ang ni vo h thng.
- Tho cc ni t tm thi ang ni trn cc u cc ca i tng c th nghim.
Trang14/ 43

La chn ngun th nghim va thit bi o lng thich hp, s lng php o ph hp

vi quy nh ca ngnh in hoc cua nha ch tao i vi tng i tng thit b c
th nghim.
- u ni s o ph hp quy trnh s dng thit b o lng.
- Lm hng ro an ton bo v, treo bin bo v c ngi canh an ton
5/ Tin hanh o va ly s liu :
- Nng dn ngun thi nghim n gia tri in ap inh mc ,ng thi oc cac gia tri trn
thit bi o lng
- Trong qua trinh nng cn theo doi co hin tng xay ra
- Th nghim ny cn phi tin hnh trc khi tin hnh th nghim o in tr cun
dy bng dng in mt chiu. Khi li thp my in b t ha mt chiu, dng in
khng ti cng tng ln lm cho th nghim khng ti khng c chnh xc cn thit
pht hin nguyn nhn gy nn tng dng khng ti.
- Trong trng hp nghi ng nguyn nhn gy ra s tng dng khng ti l do li thp
b t ha mt chiu, ta cn tin hnh bin php kh t ha mt chiu li thp my
in ri tin hnh li th nghim khng ti.
Bai 8 :Phep o ngn mach
1/Khai nim :
Cac thit bi in khi lam vic trang thai co tai u tiu hao mt lng cng sut di
dang nhit do in tr cua cac cun dy phn cng sut nay goi la tn hao ngn mach va
c xac inh qua phep o ngn mach .
2/Y nghia
- Th nghim ngn mch xc nh hai thng s c bn ca my in : Thng s in p
ngn mch v tn hao ngn mch. Cc thng s ny c s dng trong cc trng
hp sau:
o Tnh ton xc nh hiu sut my in.
o Tnh ton xc nh bin i in p theo ph ti ca may in
o Tnh chn vn hnh song song my bin p.
o Tnh ton vn hnh kinh t .
o Tnh chn gi tr tc ng ca bo v r le.
3/Phng phap o
a/i tng thi nghim la may in tinh :may bin ap
Ngun thi
nghim

Thit bi
o lng

i tng
may in tinh

Ngun thi nghim la ngun xoay chiu ,thit bi o lng :vnmet ,ampemet,oatmet
- a ngun thi nghim vao mt cun dy (thng la phia cun dy cao ap ) .u tt
cun dy con lai
- Nng dn in ap ngun thi nghim cho n khi dong in trong cun dy bng dong
in inh mc
b/i tng thi nghim la may phat in
Trang15/ 43

May phat
in

Thit bi
o lng

u tt cac u ra cua cac cun dy stato

Nng dn dong kich t cho n khi dong in trong cun dy stato bng gia tri inh
mc
Bai 9 Phep th cao th bng in ap chinh lu (mt chiu) va o dong ro
1/ Cac inh nghia :
- Dng in r : L dng in chy trn b mt ca cch in khi t mt in p chnh
lu vo cch in ca thit b in .
- in p th : L in p t vo vt liu cch in ca cc thit b in.
- Tr s dng in r: l tr s dng in o c sau 01 pht k t lc in p th t
n tr s la chn
2/Y nghia
- Hng mc kim tra nh gi v tnh trng cch in ca cc thit b in
- Thm do s h hong cuc b cua vt liu cach in
- L thng s chnh xc nh cht lng thit b i vi mt s loi chng st van
- Thng qua s bin i ca dng in r qua cch in theo thi gian th nghim , c
th nh gi c mc suy gim cht lng ca vt liu cch in.
3/Phng phap th :
CT

TN

TP
CL

R
P

Cx

TN t ngu iu chinh
TP Bin ap tao ap
P mo phong
R in tr han ch phong
CL chinh lu cao ap
Cx la i tng thi nghim
CT cng tc cao ap ni tt ng h A ,khi cn ly s liu dong thi nhn CT
4/Cng tac chun bi :
- Kim tra i tng c th nghim c ct in , cch ly hon ton vi cc
ngun in p , v thit b phi c ni t .
- Ni t tm thi cc u cc ca i tng c th nghim , sau tch cc u cc
ca i tng ang ni vo h thng .
- i vi cc loi my in : Thc hin thm vic ni tt cc u dy ra ca mi cun
dy c o .
- V sinh cc b mt cch in bn ngoi ca i tng c th nghim loi tr sai
s o do dng r b mt .
Trang16/ 43

La chn in p th nghim , s php o ph hp vi quy nh ca ngnh in i

vi tng i tng thit b c th nghim hoc theo yu cu cua nha san xut .
- Kim tra ngun , cc u ni v dy o ca thit b phi m bo yu cu k thut .
- u ni s o ph hp quy trnh s dng thit b o .
- Lm hng ro an ton bo v , treo bin bo v c ngi canh an ton .
- Ghi nhn cc gi tr nhit mi trng .
- Khi th nghim my in : ghi thm nhit du , nhit cun dy t cc ng h
nhit lp trong i tng o.
5/Tin hanh o va ly s liu :
- Chn in p th nghim trn thit b o v v tr in p thch hp.
- Cp ngun th nghim trn thit b o .
- Tng dn in p th n in p la chn. Tc tng in p 2.5KV/giy.
- Ghi nhn gi tr dng in r thi im 60 giy sau khi in p th t n gi tr
la chn .
- i vi cc thit b cn kim chng li tr s in tr cch in : ghi nhn cc gi tr
dng in r cc thi im 15 giy, 60 giy sau khi in p th t n gi tr la
chn xc nh in tr cch in v h s hp th .
- i vi cc my in tnh , my in quay : khi gi tr o khng n nh th tm thi
ngng o , u tt cc u cc cun dy v u t t nht trong 5 pht x hon
ton cc in tch d .
- Sau khi ghi nhn gi tr o th gim in p v 0, ct ngun th nghim , dng so tip
a ni t cc u cc i tng cn th nghim nhm x in tch d .
- Sau khi thc hin xong tt c cc php o trn mt i tng thit b ,cn phi v sinh
thit b o , dn dp v hon tr s v trng thi nh khi nhn ban u
Bai 10 Phep th cao th bng in ap co tn s 50Hz
1/Cac inh nghia :
- bn cch in : L kh nng chu ng in p xoay chiu cch in chnh ca
thit b m khng b ph hy hoc chc thng.
- in p th : L in p t vo vt liu cch in ca cc thit b in.
- Cch in c xem l bnh thng: nu trong qu trnh th khng xy ra hin tng
phng in chc thng hoc phng in b mt .
2/Y nghia :
- Hng mc kim tra chnh nh gi v tnh trng cch in ca cc thit b in
- Kim tra ch nng n nht cach in chiu ng trong mt phut ma tinh cht cachs
in khng bi pha huy .
3/Phng phap th :
AB
A

TP
R

KV

AB thit bi ngt t ng
A thit bi iu chinh in ap
TP Bin ap tao ap
Trang17/ 43

Cx

Cx i tng th nghim
4/ Cng tac chun bi :
- Kim tra i tng c th nghim c ct in , cch ly hon ton vi cc ngun
in p , v thit b phi c ni t .
- Ni t tm thi cc u cc ca i tng c th nghim , sau tch cc u cc
ca i tng ang ni vo h thng .
- i vi cc loi my in : Thc hin thm vic ni tt v ni t cc u ra ca cc
cun dy khng th nghim .
- V sinh cc b mt cch in bn ngoi ca i tng c th nghim .
- La chn in p th nghim , ph hp vi quy nh ca ngnh in i vi tng i
tng thit b c th nghim .
- Kim tra ngun , cc u ni v dy o ca thit b phi m bo yu cu k thut .
- u ni s o ph hp quy trnh s dng thit b o .
- Lm hng ro an ton bo v , treo bin bo v c ngi canh an ton .
- Ghi nhn cc gi tr nhit mi trng t nhit k ca NTN .
- Khi th nghim my in : ghi thm nhit du , nhit cun dy t cc ng h
nhit lp trong i tng o.
- Tho cc ni t tm thi ang ni trn cc u cc ca i tng c th nghim .
5/Tin hanh o va ly s liu :
- Chn in p th nghim trn thit b o v v tr in p thch hp.
- Cp ngun th nghim trn thit b o .
- Tng dn in p th n in p la chn vi tc tng in p 2.5KV/giy.
- Duy tr in p th trong thi gian 1 pht , sau gim in p v 0, ct ngun th
nghim , dng so tip a ni t cc u cc i tng cn th nghim nhm m
bo an ton .
- Sau khi thc hin xong tt c cc php o trn mt i tng thit b ,cn phi v sinh
thit b o , dn dp v hon tr s v trng thi nh khi nhn ban u

Trang18/ 43

Chng 2 : Thi nghim cac thit bi in

Bai 1 : Thi nghim lp mi may bin ap lc cp in ap t 110KV tr ln
1/Hang muc kim tra bn ngoai :
Xem xet tinh trang bn ngoai
- s u vao : co bi nt, bi v
- r le hi : Phao co bi chim ,ri du
- R le dong du , r le ap lc
- B iu ap di tai ,khng tai
- ng h chi thi nhit
- Mc du trong may bin ap ,b iu ap
- B hut m silicagen cua b iu ap di tai ,May bin ap
- Cac ng c quat mat (nu co)
- ni t vo may
- Canh tan nhit , cac tn pha
v.v.v
2/ Hang muc : in tr cach in :
Thit bi :Mgmmet
Nguyn tc thc hin:
o in tr cach in cua mi cun dy so cac cun con lai va vo(t)
Cac cun dy khng tham gia vao phep o c ni tt va ni vi vo may
- May bin ap co 2 cun dy
Cun cao so vi : cun ha +vo
A

+
Mgammet

a
B

c
0

Cun ha so vi : cun cao +vo

A

+
Mgammet

a
B

b
c
0

Cun cao so vi cun ha

Trang19/ 43

A
a

+
Mgammet

b
c
0

Khi may bin ap co 3 cun dy o

-Cun cao so vi : cun trung +cun ha +vo
-Cun trung so vi : cun cao +cun ha +vo
-Cun ha so vi : cun cao +cun trung +vo
-Cun cao so vi cun trung
-Cun cao so vi cun ha
-Cun trung so vi cun ha
Cn xac inh cac tri s in tr cach in tai cac thi im 15 va 60 tinh toan h s
hp thu
i vi may bin ap co in ap 110KV cn xac inh thm h s phn cc va c tinh
in tr cach in theo thi gian
Quy i cac kt qua nhit tiu chun va anh gia kt qua
3/Hang muc thi nghim khng tai :
1/Nguyn tc :
Chi thc hin cho mt cun dy bt ky ,Cun dy cn o co b phn th khi o cn
chuyn v nc inh mc
Khi co u iu kin v ngun nn thc hin n in ap inh mc
Thng thng thi nghim chon phia cun dy co in ap thp
Thit bi vn ampe oatmet
2/s thi nghim :
a/ may bin ap 3 pha
*
*

~3

*
*

s 2 oat met
*
A

*
A

W
*

Trang20/ 43

s 3 oat met
b/May bin ap mt pha
*
* W

X
x

V
a
A

Dong khng tai c tinh toan

May bin ap ba pha
Io%
May bin ap mt pha
Io%

Ia +Ib+Ic

. 100

3.Im

Io

. 100

Im

Cng sut khng tai tinh toan

mt pha Po =Pw
Ba pha
Po= Pa + Pc (i vi 2 oatmet)
Po=Pa Pb +Pc (i vi 3 oat met)
Trng hp ngun thi nghim la mt pha va in ap thp thi thc hin thi nghim in
ap thp sau o quy i v inh mc inh mc
o cng sut trn hai pha ,pha khng o c ni tt
Nu cun dy o la hinh Y
W

a
W

Nu cun dy o la tam giac

W

a
b
c

a
W

cng sut tinh toan khng tai in ap thp

Po' = (Poab +Pobc +Poac )/2
Trang21/ 43

a
b

Pom = Po(Um / U )n
Pom :cng sut khng tai inh mc
U : in ap thp thc t o khng tai
Po : Cng sut khng tai thc t in ap thp
Um : in ap inh mc
n
: nu U=( 5-10) % Um thi n=1,9 thep can nong
n=1,8 thep can ngui
Lu y khi thi nghim khng tai may bin ap bng ngun mt pha :
- cn phai bit s u dy bn trong chon pha ni tt cua cun dy ang o ,tranh
c sai s do cam ng
- Tin hanh o khng tai trc tranh sai s do t d sinh ra t cac xung mt chiu
- in ap thi nghim khng nho hn 2% in ap inh mc cua cun dy o
- Khi thi nghim kt qua o nhiu ln khng ging nhau ccn phai kh t bng ngun mt
chiu i cc tinh ri o lai
Tiu chun :khng co tiu chun hoa
* Thng thng dong khng tai pha gia lun nho hn dong khng tai hai pha con lai
Ioa=Ioc = (1.2-1.5)Iob
* Dong khng tai hai pha bia khng c lch nhau qua 2%
*Co th dung phng phap so sanh vi kt qua thi nghim xut xng hay ln thi nghim
trc
4/Hang muc kim tra t u dy :
Nguyn tc : s dung phng phap xung mt chiu ba tri s
A

S cp

Th cp

Thit bi: ngun mt chiu co in ap thp (1,5 V -6V)

Vn met co thang o nho (mV)
Tiu chun : T u dy phai phu hp vi s liu xut xng va ghi trn nhan may
Lu y : (xem lai bai phep o cc tinh)
5/Hang muc o in ap ngn mach
Nguyn tc :
a ngun vao mt cun dy , cun kia u tt .in ap a vao sao cho dong in trong
ngn mach chay trong cun dy bng inh mc
Thng thng ngn mach cun co in ap thp
S thi nghim
May bin ap mt pha
Trang22/ 43

*
* W

X
x

V
a
A

s thi nghim May bin ap 3 pha

V
A

*W
V

A
A

*W

a
b
c

in ap ngn mach dy tinh toan Uk % =( Utn/Um )100

Khi khng co ngun ba pha thi cho phep thi nghim bng ngun mt pha in ap thp
A
W

B
b

C
c

A
V

A
a
B
b
C

Dong ngn mach dy trung binh

Ik =( IA + IB +IC)/3
in ap dy ngn mach trung binh
Uk =(3/2)x (UAB +UBC+UAC)/3= 0,288(UAB +UBC+UAC)
Cng sut tn hao ngn mach trung binh :
Pk=(PAB +PBC+PAC)/2
Quy i kt qua v inh mc :
Trang23/ 43

Cng sut ngn mach

Pkm = Pk (Im/Ik)2
in ap ngn mach phn trm
Uk% =( ( Uk x Im )/(Um x Ik) ) x100
Lu y :
khi thi nghim ngn mach mt pha in ap thp in ap thp cho phep t 1/10 n 1/20
in ap inh mc
i vi may bin ap co 3 cun dy cn xac inh cac in ap ngn mach :
Uk% Cao ha ,Uk% Trung ha
6/Hang muc o ti s bin
Nguyn tc :
o ti s bin tt ca cac nc bin ap
Ti s bin cua may bin ap la ti s in ap dy cua cun s cp va cun th cp khi may
bin ap khng tai
S thi nghim
V

a
b

ti s bin tinh toan

K= U1/U2 U1,U2 in ap dy bn cao va bn ha
Khi khng co ngun ba pha co th o ti s bin bng ngun mt pha
May bin ap u Y/Y
K= U1/U2
May bin ap ni Y/
K= (3/2)x(U1/U2)
May bin ap ni /Y
K= (2/3)x(U1/U2)
Lu y :
Khi o ti s bin in ap thi nghim khng nho hn 1% in ap inh mc
Khi o cn phai bit s u dy bn trong chon pha ni tt cua cun dy ,tranh
c sai s do cam ng
Tiu chun : Ti s bin khng c sai khac qua 2% ty s bin ap cung u phn nhanh
cac pha khac hoc s liu cua nha ch tao
May bin ap co b iu chinh di tai ,s sai khac cua ti s bin ap khng vt qua tri s
cua mt nc iu chinh
Trang24/ 43

7/o tn tht in mi tg cua cun dy may bin ap

Nguyn tc :
o tn tht in mi cac cun dy co in ap t 20KV tr ln
o tn tht in mi cua cun dy so vi cac cun dy con lai va c ni vi vo
in ap o tn tht in mi khng qua 10KV
Thit bi : cu o tg chuyn dung
Thng thng o tg cua
Tg : Cao Trung +Ha +vo
Tg : Trung Cao+Ha +vo
Tg : Ha Cao +Trung +vo
8/Hang muc :thi nghim du cach in
a/o cng cach in cua du bin ap
nguyn tc :
Th in ap phong cua du may bin ap
Th in ap phong cua du b iu ap di tai
Thit bi : may th in ap phong du
Vi mt mu th tin hnh 6 ln nh thng.
Gi tr trung bnh ca in p phng xc nh theo cng thc:
UP =

1
n

Pi

(kV)

i =1

Tiu chun :
Gia tri in ap phong trung binh khng nho hn 35KV(cp in ap t 15-35 ) va 45KV
(cp in ap trn 35 KV)va 60KV (cp in ap 110-220KV),70 KV cp in ap 500KV
b/o tn tht in mi cua du nhit 90o C
c/Tap cht c hoc phai khng co khi nhin bng mt thng
Ngoai ra con mt s hang muc o khac c thc hin trong phong hoa du nh
Nhit chp chay , nht ng hoc , tri s axit ,tri s oxy hoa ,ham lng m vvv
9/Hang muc :Th nghim cao th bng in ap chinh lu (co tinh cht tham khao)
Nguyn tc :
o dong in ro cua mi cun dy so cac cun con lai va vo(t)
in ap th nghim : phu thuc vao cp in ap
6-15 : 10KV , 20-35 :20 KV , 110-220 :40 KV
Thit bi may th cao th mt chiu
Tiu chun : khng tiu chun hoa , tham khao cac gia tri sau
- so vi cac ln o trc khng c sai khac 50% cua gia tri o ln u tin
- tiu chun cua b cng nghip nng
10/Hang muc o in tr mt chiu
Nguyn tc :
in tr mt chiu cua cac cun dy, trn tt ca cac pha cua mt cun dy tai cac nc
phn th
Thit bi cu o in tr mt chiu hoc phng phap vn-ampe
Tiu chun so sanh:
Trang25/ 43

in tr o c khng c sai khac qua 2% tri s in tr cua cung u phn th cac

pha khac hoc so vi nha ch tao
11/ Hang muc thi nghim s u vao :
S u vao c thi nghim :
o in tr cach in :Nong rn s ,Rn vo
M gm 1000-2500V , in tr cach in khng nho hn 100M
o tn tht in mi tg va in dung cua cach in chinh cua s (gia nong s va rn
s) in ap 10KV
o tn tht in mi tg cua rn s so vi vo in ap 2KV
Tiu chun : <3% cho cp 110kv ,<2% cp 220KV
12/Kim tra b iu ap di tai :
a/ Kim tra phn c khi :
tinh nguyn ven cua b phn truyn ng , khng ket c khi
b/Kim tra phn in iu khin :
S u dy co ung vi thit k
ng c in iu ap
Cach in cua b iu ap
c/Kim tra b Cngtc K
Chu trinh lam vic cua cac tip im dp la (chup song b iu ap)
d/Kim tra thi vong : kim tra hanh trinh cua cac dao la chon
Cng vic nay chi thc hin khi nao co thao lp thit bi
S thi nghim
X

X
1

2
Ngun ac
K2

K1

r2

r1
K3

K4
1
2
3
4
5

anh du truc truyn ng

ong ngun hai en u sang
Dung tay quay theo chiu tin t nc 3 ln nc 4 va quay va m s vong quay truc
Khi en 1(2) tt thi ghi s vong m c (tip im la chon cu a m)
Quay tip tuc theo chiu cu cho n khi en 1(2) sang lai thi ghi s vong m c
(dao la chon mi a tip )
Quay tip cho n khi b cng tc K chuyn mach ,ghi s vong m c (b chuyn
mach lam vic)
Quay tip cho ht s vong cua nc phn th
Trang26/ 43

Lp gian va so sanh vi nha ch tao

Lp thi cho chiu ngc lai 4 v 3
13/Hang muc kim tra cac bin dong chn s :
Cac hang muc cn kim tra sau :
in tr cach in cun th cp :mgm 1000V in tr cach in khng nho hn 1M
Ti s bin
Dong in t hoa
14/ Kim tra cac thit bi phu tr :
- H thng quat mat :
ng c quat mat : Rmt chiu ,R cach in , Dong in tai,Chiu quay
Th ch iu khin : bng tay ,t ng
ng c bm du Rmt chiu ,R cach in , Dong in tai,Chiu quay
- Th ch iu khin : bng tay ,t ng:
Bai 2 : Thi nghim lp mi bin ap lc cp in ap 35KV
1/Kim tra tinh trang bn ngoai
- s u vao : co bi nt, bi v
- r le hi : Phao co bi chim ,ri du
- ng phong n (r le phong n)
- B chuyn nc phn th
- ng h chi thi nhit
- Mc du thung du phu
- B hut m silicagen cua May bin ap
- ni t vo may
- Canh tan nhit , cac tn pha
v.v.v
2/Kim tra cach in
Nguyn tc thc hin:
o in tr cach in cua mi cun dy so cac cun con lai va vo(t)
Cac cun dy khng tham gia vao phep o c ni tt va ni vi vo may
Cun cao so vi : cun ha +vo
Cun ha so vi : cun cao +vo
Cn o lai in tr cach in sau khi th cao th xoay chiu
3/Hang muc thi nghim khng tai :
/Nguyn tc thc hin :
Chi thc hin cho mt cun dy bt ky ,Cun dy cn o co b phn th khi o cn
chuyn v nc inh mc
Khi co u iu kin v ngun nn thc hin n in ap inh mc
Thng thng thi nghim chon phia cun dy co in ap thp
4/ Hang muc kim tra t u dy
i vi may bin ap phia cao ap hoc ha ap ma cun dy co hai cp in ap cn phai kim
tra cho cac cp in ap
5/Hang muc kim tra ngn mach :
i vi may bin ap phia cao ap hoc ha ap ma cun dy co hai cp in ap cn phai kim
tra cho cac cp in ap
Trang27/ 43

6/Hang muc kim tra ti s bin

i vi may bin ap phia cao ap hoc ha ap ma cun dy co hai cp in ap cn phai kim
tra cho cac cp in ap
7/Hang muc o tn tht in mi tg
Chi thc hin cun dy co cp t 22KV tr ln .
Nu co hai cp in ap thc hin cho cho cp cao nht
8/Hang muc o in tr mt chiu
i vi may bin ap phia cao ap hoc ha ap ma cun dy co hai cp in ap cn phai
kim tra cho cac cp in ap
9/Hang muc thi nghim du cach in
Cn thi nghim cac hang muc lam c s ban u
10/Hang muc th nghim cao th in ap chinh lu
12/Hang muc th nghim cao th in ap xoay chiu tng cao
Th nghim : Cao Ha +vo
Ha Cao +vo
Tuy theo loai cach in giam nhe tiu chun th nghim co thp hn loai cach in binh
thng
13/Kim tra cac phn phu tr (nu co)
Bai 3 Thi nghim inh ky may bin ap
1/Kim tra tinh trang bn ngoai
2/Hang muc o in tr cach in
3/Hang muc thi nghim khng tai
Chi thi nghim khi cn thit
4/Hang muc thi nghim t u dy:
Chi tin hanh khi cn thit
5/Hang muc thi nghim ngn mach :
Chi thi nghim khi cn thit
6/Hang muc kim tra ti s bin
Chi tin hanh khi cn thit
7/ Hang muc o tn tht in mi
8/Hang muc thi nghim du cach in
Tap cht c hoc
o in ap phong
Ham lng m
Ham lng axit
Nhit chp chay
nht ng
Nu Tg cun dy ln cn o thm Tg cua du
9/Hang muc thi nghim cao th in ap chinh lu
10/Hang muc thi nghim cao ap xoay chiu
11/Hang muc o in tr mt chiu
o tai nc ang vn hanh i vi may bin ap khng co b iu ap di tai
12/Hang muc kim tra s u vao
o cach in gia rn s va vo nong s va rn (cach in chinh cua s)
Trang28/ 43

o tn tht tg cua cach in chinh

13/Hang muc thi nghim b iu ap
Chup song b iu ap
14/Hang muc kim tra bin dong chn s
15/ Kim tra cac thit bi phu
kim tra cac ng c in
Bai 4 : Thi nghim May bin in ap
1/Hang muc kim tra bn ngoai
- tinh trang s u vao
- tip ia thn may
- Binh silicagen
- Cac ki hiu cun dy
- Nhan may
- ro ri du
i vi TU mt pha kiu tu kim tra thm
- Khi tu chia ap
2/Hang muc o in tr cach in :
Cao Ha 1+Ha2 +vo
Ha 1 Cao + Ha 2 + vo
Ha 2 Cao + Ha 1 + vo
o cach in cua cac cun ha dung megam 1000V
i vi Tu kiu tu :
o in tr cach in cua khi bin ap trung gian
o in tr cach in cua khi tu chia ap
Sau khi th nghim cao th xoay chiu hoc th cach ien vong bng in ap cam ng
cn phai o lai in tr cach in
3/Hang muc o dong khng tai va ong xung kich (khng thc hin i vi Tu kiu tu)
a in ap vao cun ha 1 hoc ha 2 bng in ap inh mc o dong khng tai
Sau o ong xung kich 5 ln (vic nay chi thuc hin trong thi nghim lp mi )
i vi Tu ba pha khi thi nghim khng tai tin hang ln lc tng pha
4/Hang muc thi nghim cao th xoay chiu
Chi thc hin vi Tu kiu cam ng khng co cach in giam nhe.
Cao ha1+ + ha2 +vo
Th cao th xoay chiu cun ha so vi cac cun ha + vo + t in ap th 1KV
Cac TU kiu tu th nghim theo hng dn nha ch tao
5/Hang muc th cach in vong bng in ap cam ng
Chi thc hin vi Tu kiu cam ng
a in ap vao cun ha 1 hoc ha 2 bng 1,3 in ap inh mc thi gian th 2 phut
6/Hang muc thi nghim cc tinh cac cun dy
Chi thc hin thi nghim lp mi
7/Kim tra ti s bin
Sai s cho phep nm trong sai s cua dung cu o
8/o in tr mt chiu :
i vi Tu kiu cam ng : kim tra tt ca cac cun dy
Trang29/ 43

i vi Tu kiu tu :chi kim tra phn th cp

Sai s cho phep khng ln hn 2%
9/Hang muc o in dung va tn tht in mi tg cua tu chia ap
Chi thc hin vi kiu tu
Bai 5 :Thi nghim May bin dong in
1/ Hang muc Kim tra bn ngoai :
- tinh trang s u vao
- tip ia thn may
- Binh silicagen
- Cac ki hiu cun dy
- Nhan may
- ro ri du
2/Hang muc o cach in :
o cach in cua tt ca cac cun
o cach in cua cac cun ha dung mgam 1000V
Sau khi th nghim cao th xoay chiu cn phai o lai in tr cach in
3/Hang muc kim tra cc tinh cac cun dy
Hang muc nay chi thc hin i vi thi nghim lp mi hoc thc hin khi cn thit
4/Hang muc o ti s bin
Nguyn tc : bm dong vao cun cao o dong cun ha
i vi ti phia ha co nhiu cun dy cn thi nghim tt ca cac cun dy
Hoc Ti co cun cao, cun ha co nhiu ti s bin cn thi nghim tt cac ti s bin
L

1s1

1s2

2s1

2s2

K2

L2

1s3
1s2
Cun cao ,cun ha co
nhiu cp

Cun cao ,cun ha mt cp

phia ha co nhiu cun dy

Trong thi nghim inh ky chi kim tra tai ti s ang vn hanh .Co th kim tra gn ung
ti s bin bng cach tao dong vao cun ha va o in ap trn cun cao ap c h mach
luc nay ti s bin bng vi ti s in ap trn cun ha va in ap trn cun ha.
5/Hang muc o in tr mt chiu
o tt ca cac cun dy k ca cun cao ap
Chi tin hanh trong thi nghim lp mi hoc khi cn thit
Sai s cho phep khng ln hn 2%
6/Hang muc o c tinh t hoa :
Cung cp vao cun ha cac dong in co tri s t 0 n 1,2 inh mc ng thi o in
ap ri trn cun ha va thit lp ng cong t hoa
Nu nha ch tao chi cho phep ly mt im cn phai ly tai im o
i cun dy co nhiu cp in ap thi chi thc hin trn cp c chon lam vic
Ti phia ha co nhiu cun dy cn thi nghim cho tt ca cac cun
c tinh t hoa c so sanh vi nha ch tao hoc Ti cung loai
7/Hang muc o tn hao in mi :
Thc hin i vi Ti co cp in ap 35KV tr ln
Trang30/ 43

Cao so vi vo in ap 10 kv
8/ Hang muc th nghim du
Thc hin i vi Ti co cp in ap 35KV tr ln ,thi nghim in ap phong cua du
9/Th cao th xoay chiu
Ti co cach in bng cht hu c rn thi gian th nghim la 5 phut
Tuy theo loai cach in giam nhe tiu chun th nghim co thp hn loai cach in binh
thng
i vi bin dong lp chn s may ct ,chn s may bin ap
Th nghim cac hang muc :
Kim tra bn ngoai
o in tr cach in cun ha so vi vo
o in tr mt chiu cun ha
Kim tra cc tinh
Kim tra ti s bin
Kim tra c tinh t hoa
Th cao th xoay chiu cun ha so vi cac cun ha + vo +t in ap th 1KV
Bai 6 : Thi nghim dao cach ly
1/Hang muc kim tra tinh trang bn ngoai
- S
- B truyn ng co lp ung khng
- dao tip ia i kem
- Hoat ng cua b tip im phu
- Gia
- Tip ia
- Lin ng c gia dao tip ia va dao cach ly
- Cac in tr sy
2/Hang muc Kim tra thao tac truyn ng bng c khi
Khi thao tac ong ct bng c khi cac li dao cach ly co i ht hanh trinh ,dao tip ia
co tip xuc tt khng
Kim tra cac cun in t dung trong mach lin ng
i vi dao cach ly iu khin bng in kim tra s u dy iu khin , ng c in
, th truyn ng bng in , kim tra cac tip im lin ng hanh trinh
Kim tra truyn ng ng vi in ap iu khin inh mc va cc tiu
3/Hang muc o in tr cach in :
tng pha so vi vo
Cn phai o in tr cach in sau khi th nghim cao th xoay chiu
4/Hang muc o in tr tip xuc :
S liu so sanh vi s liu nha ch tao
5/Hang muc th nghim xoay chiu :
Th nghim trang thai ong va trang thai ct
Bai 7: Thi nghim may ct
1/Hang muc kim tra tinh trang bn ngoai :
- Tinh trang s
- Tu truyn ng
Trang31/ 43

- Cac chi thi

i vi may ct khi SF :
-ng h chi thi ap lc khi
-H thng phn phi khi
-S cn bng cua gia chi thc hin trong thi nghim lp mi hay khi cn thit
-Kim tra ap ap lc khi bao dng chi thc hin trong thi nghim lp mi
-Kim tra tip im canh bao ap lc khi cp 1, cp2 va quy v nhit tiu chun
-Kim tra ham lng m cua khi SF6
-Kim tra ap lc khi nap
-Kim tra ro ri khi SF6 sau khi nap bao nhiu gi theo tiu chun cua nha ch tao
chi thc hin trong thi nghim lp mi hay khi cn thit
2/Hang muc kim tra tu truyn ng :
Kim tra s y dy co ung vi thit k cua nha ch tao chi thc hin trong thi
nghim lp mi hay khi cn thit
Kim tra cach in cua mach iu khin ,cun ct cun ong ,m t tich nng hoc cun
ong in t Mgm 500V-1000 , tri s khng nho hn 1.0M chi thc hin trong thi
nghim lp mi hay khi cn thit
Kim tra thi gian tich nng cua lo xo in ap inh mc chi thc hin trong thi nghim
lp mi.
i vi vi may ct truyn ng bng khi nen (co ap lc) cn kim tra h thng khi nen
Kim tra hoat ng ong ct bng c khi
Kim tra hoat ng ong ct bng in
Kim tra hoat ng cua mach chng gia gio i kem trong tu truyn ng
Kim tra hoat ng ong ct theo cac chu trinh Ct ong ,ong Ct ,Ct ong- ct
Kim tra hoat ng cua mt s chc nng khac : sy , cac tip phu cua may ct v.v
3/Hang muc kim tra in ap lam vic nho nht cua cun ong cun ct
Xac inh in ap nho nht ma cun ct, cun ong vn lam vic c
May ct co nhiu cun ong hoc cun ct cn phai kim tra tt cac cun
Tiu chun :so sanh vi nha ch tao hay Cun ct khng nho hn 60% Um ,cuon ong
khng nho hn 80% Um
4/Hang muc o thi gian ong ct :
thit bi thi nghim : thit bi chup song may ct
Thi gian ong , ct cua cac pha may ct , o khng ng thi cua cac pha may ct
Cac gia tri nay c xac inh trn cac thi chup song
5/Hang muc kim tra in tr cach in
o cach in cua cac pha may ct trc va sau khi th cao th xoay chiu
May ct ang ong : tng pha so vi vo
May ct ang ct : Gia hai tip im tinh trong cung mt pha ,ln cho cac pha
6/Hang muc o in tr tip xuc :
thit bi : cu o tip xuc , phng phap vn ampe mt chiu
in tr tip xc : l in tr thun ca cc mi ghp ni gia cc chi tit dn in ca
thit b in.
in tr tip xc l hng mc kim tra nhm nh gi cht lng cc mi tip xc ca cc
thit b in. Nh vo cc php kim tra ny m ngi s dng thit b c th sm pht
Trang32/ 43

hin ra cc khuyt tt cng nh cc h hng ti cc mi ghp ni, cc im tip xc trn

may ct
7/Hang muc th cao th xoay chiu cac pha may ct :
Th nghim may ct trang thai ong : Th cac pha so vi t (A+B+C-Vo)
th khoang cach gia cac pha may ct (pha A+C- B+vo) va (B-A+C+vo)
Th nghim trang thai ct : gia mt u tip im va u con lai cua tip im (c
ni vi vo) cua cung mt pha
i vi may ct co lng Ti chn s thi phai thi nghim thm Ti chn s
i vi ct du cn thi nghim im ap phong cua du va tap cht c hoc
May ct du co s u vao cn thi nghim thm s u vao :
Cach in cua s , tn tht in mi tg cach in chinh cua s
i vi may ct hp b cn kim tra dao tip ia i kem , s chinh xac c khi cac ngam
hoa thi , s nhe nhang cua cac lin ng c khi vi tri
Bai 8 Thi nghim chng set
A Chng set van co khe h phong in khng co in tr song song
1/Hang muc kim tra bn ngoai :
Kim tra b mt s chng set , nhan chng set , tip ia , b m set
2/Hang muc o cach in
- Thit b th nghim : thng dng cc Mgmt in t nh: ISOL5003, KYORITSU
3121,.... in p o t 1000V n 2500V DC.
- Phng php o:
+ i vi chng st van in p nh hn 3KV phi dng Mgmt c in p
1000VDC.
+ i vi chng st van in p ln hn 3KV phi dng Mgmt c in p
2500VDC.
+ i vi chng st van nhiu phn t trong 1pha phi o tng phn t ring bit.
3/Hang muc o dong ro :
i vi chng st van nhiu phn t trong 1pha phi o tng phn t ring bit.
+ in p th nghim p dng theo hng dn nh ch to chng st tng ng, tiu
chun ngnh, tiu chun b cng nghip nng.
+ Nu s dng cc hp b o nh A-70 th nghim cn phi mc thm t in
cao th song song vi i tng o v phi tr i dng in i qua t in bng cch
tin hnh th nghim 2 php o: php o th nht o dng in tng i qua i
tng o v t in, php o th hai o dng in i qua t in.Trong c hai php
o cng tc chn phi nm v tr tng ng vi ph ti in dung.
4/Hang muc th in ap phong tn s cng nghip:
+ S dng cc hp b th nghim cao th v nng in p cho n khi chng st van
phng in. Php o c tin hnh nhiu ln v ly tr s trung bnh, khong thi gian
tin hnh cc ln o khng nh hn 10 giy.
5/Hang muc kim tra b m set :
Nguyn tc cho xung dong in ngn han chay qua b m set ,b m set se m mt
n vi
Co th dung tu in a c nap in cho tu in nay phong in qua b m set
Chu y dong in phong nay khng nn qua ln so vi dong inh mc cua b m set
Trang33/ 43

B Chng set van co khe h co in tr song song

1/Hang muc kim tra bn ngoai : nh A/1
2/in tr cach in :nh A/2
3/Hang muc o dong in ro :nh hang muc A/3
4/Hang muc kim tra b dm set : nh A/5
C Chng set van oxit kim loai khng co khe h phong in
1/Hang muc kim tra bn ngoai : nh A/1
2Hang muc o in tr cach in :nh A/2
3/Hang muc o in ap tham khao xoay chiu (c tinh vn ampe xoay chiu )
- Thit b th nghim: thng dng cc hp b th nghim cao th nh :A-70, cc xe
cng trnh, thit b o tr s nh thnh phn in tr ca dng in r LCM II.
Thit b o lng phi c t ti ui chng st van v chn chng st phi cch
in vi t.
+ S dng cc hp b th nghim cao th nng in p v c tr s in p ti thi
im dng in r xuyn qua chng st t n tr s dng in tham kho. Tr s dng
in tham kho ny c cho bi nh ch to chng st van.
4/ Hang muc kim tra b m set : nh A/5
D Chng set van oxit kim loai co khe h phong in :
1/Hang muc kim tra bn ngoai : nh A/1
2/Hang muc o in tr cach in : nh A/2
3/Hang muc th in ap phong tn s cng nghip :nh A/4
4/Kim tra b m set :nh A/5
E Chng set ng
1/ Hang muc kim tra bn ngoai :
Kim tra b mt bn ngoai chng set ,u cc tip ia chng set ,nhan chng set , B chi
bao chng set
2/ Hang muc o ng kinh trong (mm)
3/Hang muc o khe h phong in trong
4/Hang muc o in tr cach in : trc va sau khi th phong cao th xoay chiu
5/Hang muc th in phong cao th xoay chiu
Bai 9 Thi nghim cap lc cao th
1/Hang muc kim tra bn ngoai :
Kim tra vt liu cach in : cach in la loai gi : du ,giy tm du, polyetylen khu
mch (XLPE), vv.
2/Hang muc kim tra cach in :
Mgam in p t 1000V n 2500V DC
+ i vi cp mt li c mn chn in p c t vo gia rut dn in v mn
chn kim loi.
+ i vi cp mt li khng c mn chn, cp phi c nhng trong nc v in p
c t gia rut dn in v nc.
+ i vi cp nhiu li m cc li c mn chn ring, th in p c t gia tng
rut dn in v mn chn kim loi.
+ i vi cp nhiu li m cc li khng c mn chn ring, th in p c t gia
tng rut dn in v tt c cc rut dn cn li cng vi v kim loi.
Trang34/ 43

3/Hang muc th chiu in ap cao th :

- Thit b th nghim :Dng c thng dng l cc hp b th nghim cao th nh A
-70, PGK-70, cc xe cng trnh.
+ Tu theo tnh cht cch in, iu kin th nghim m s dng in p th nghim
xoay chiu hoc in p th nghim mt chiu.Cap qua dai hoc cng sut thit bi
khng u thi khng th th nghim xoay chiu ma phai th nghim mt chiu
i vi cp s dng loi vt liu cch in trn c s polyetylen khu mch (XLPE)
phi dng in p th nghim xoay chiu.
+ in p th tra theo tiu chun TCVN 5935-1995 (Mc 14.4d).
+ i vi cp mt li c mn chn in p th phi c t trong 5 pht gia rut
dn in v mn chn kim loi.
+ i vi cp mt li khng c mn chn, cp phi c nhng trong nc c nhit
phng trong thi gian 1 gi, sau in p th c t trong 5 pht gia rut dn
in v nc.
+ i vi cp nhiu li m cc li c mn chn ring, th in p th c t trong 5
pht gia tng rut dn in v mn chn kim loi.
+ i vi cp nhiu li m cc li khng c mn chn ring, th in p th c t
trong 5 pht gia tng rut dn in v tt c cc rut dn cn li cng vi v kim
loi.
+ Nu s dng cc hp b o nh A -70 th nghim in p mt chiu cn phi
t cng tc nm v tr tng ng vi ph ti in dung.
+ Trong mi trng hp n p th nghim phi nng ln t t n tr s in p cn th
nghim.
Ngoai ra con mt s hang muc khac it thc hin nh :
o in tr rut cap trn mt n vi chiu dai , in dung cua tng pha ,o tn hao in
mi
Bai 10 Thi nghim cap lc ha th
1/Hang muc kim tra bn ngoai : nh cap cao th
2/Hang muc o in tr cach in : nh cap lc cao th ,s dung megam 1000V
3/Hang muc o in tr rut cap :
Ly mu cua oan cap theo n vi chiu dai va o in tr thun cua mu . sau o quy i
v nhit 20oC va trn km va xac inh sut in tr (mm2,1m,200C) da vao tiu chun
cua nha ch tao hoc khng ln hn 0,09 i vi rut ng , Khng ln hn 0.0294
i vi rut nhm
4/ Hang muc th nghim cao th xoay chiu :
Th chiu in ap xoay chiu tn s cng nghip 1000V thi gian 1 phut hoc theo tiu
chun nha ch tao
Bai 11 Thi nghim Cu chi cao th
Cu chi cao th bao gm cu chi ng va cu chi t ri
1/Hang muc kim tra tinh trang bn ngoai :
S , ng chi , tip ia gia
2/Hang muc kim tra thng mach
Dung van nng kim tra s lin mach cua ng chi (cu chay)
Trang35/ 43

3/Hang muc o in tr cach in cua gia :

o trc va sau khi th cao th xoay chiu
o cac cc gia cua cu chi so vi t
4/ Hang muc th chiu in th tng cao xoay chiu thi gian mt phut
5/Hang muc kim tra s tip xuc gia ng chi va cac cc cua gia
6/ Hang muc thao tac ong ct : chi thc hin i vi cu chi t ri
Bai 12 Thi nghim Tu in cao th va ha th
1/Hang muc kim tra bn ngoai
Kim tra s cach in , vo bao che ,tip ia vo tu
2/Hang muc o in tr cach in :
o in tr cac u ra cua tu so vi vo , gia hai cc ,xac inh h s hp thu
o trc va sau khi th cao th
3/o in dung cua tu :
co th dung thit bi o in dung hoc phng phap vn ampe
s o in dung cua tu n pha
Ngun
xoay
chiu
V

Cx

Cx = ( Ix106 )/ x U ( F)
Trong o U (V) , I(A) in ap va dong in o c
=2 f nu (f=50hz) thi =314
i vi b tu 3 pha thi :
o in dung gia mt cc va hai cc con lai c ni tt ,sau o hoan vi vong tron
Co c 3 kt qua o dung cng thc tinh ra cua cac cp cc
c1

c2

c3

Tu in 3 pha

Thu t Ni tt
1
c1.c2
2
c2.c3
3
c3.c1
Tinh toan in dung gia cac cc cua tu
Trang36/ 43

in dung o
C3-c1.c2
C1-c2.c3
C2-c3.c1

Ki hiu
C3-1.2
C1-2.3
C2-3.1

C1-2 = (C1-2.3 + C2-3.1 - C3-1.2)/2

C2-3 = (C2-3.1 + C3-1.2 - C1-2.3 )/2
C3-1 = (C3-1.2 + C1-2.3 - C2-3.1)/2
Tinh in dung cua ca b tu
Cx=(C1-2.3 + C2-3.1 + C3-1.2)/2
4/Hang muc o tn tht in mi
chi tin hanh i vi tu in thng tin lin lac ,tu phn chia ,tu trich cng sut
o cac cc so vi vo , gia hai cc
5/Hang muc th chiu in th tng cao xoay chiu
Tu in nng cao cos th nghim cac cc so vi vo ,gia cac cc
Tu thng tin lin lac th nghim trn phn t
Tu bu doc th nghim xoay chiu cac cc so vi vo , th nghim mt chiu gia cac cc
Trong trng hp khng u cng sut co th th nghim mt chiu vi in ap th
nghim cao hn xoay chiu hai ln
6/Hang muc th ong in xung kich in ap inh mc
khi co iu kin thi th ong xung kich 3 ln in ap inh mc . Thi gian th nghim
la mt phut . Khi ong cn kim tra dong in cac pha khng c khac nhau qua 5%
Bai 13 Thi nghim may phat in ng b
1/Hang muc kim tra bn ngoai
kim tra cac b phn c khi , cht lng v sinh vv
2/Hang muc o in tr cach in
trc khi o cn phai ni t cac cun dy trong 5 phut
o in tr cach in cun dy stato dung megam 2500V
o in tr cach in cun dy ro to megam 500-1000V
o in tr cach in cua gi truc rto megam 1000V
o in tr cach in cua mach kich thich megam 1000V
o in tr cach in cua cac at trich nhit
3/Hang muc o in tr mt chiu :
a/ cun dy stato u cac u dy a ra ngoai :o cho tng cun dy trong tng pha
b/cun dy stato khng u cac u dy a ra ngoai : ta o tng cp pha ri tinh toan
ni hinh Y
Ra= (RAB +RAC - RBC )/2
Rb= (RAB +RBC - RAC )/2
Rc= (RBC +RAC - RAB )/2
Ni
Ra = RAB +( (RAB +RAC - RBC ) x (RAB +RBC - RAC ))/ (2 x (RBC +RAC - RAB ))
Rb= RBC +( (RAB +RBC - RAC ) x (RBC +RAC - RAB ))/(2 x (RAB +RAC - RBC ))
Rc= RAC + ( (RAB +RAC - RBC ) x (RBC +RAC - RAB ))/(2 x (RAB +RBC - RAC ))
c/ cun dy ro to
4/Hang muc o khe h giua roto va stato
hang muc nay chi thi nghim khi lp mi hay khi sa cha co thao rto
kim tra s ng tm gia roto va stato
Trang37/ 43

s dung thc la co day theo tiu chun o khe h khng khi gia rto va stato
i vi rto cc li o khng di 4 im trn mt mt cc
i vi rto cc n khng di 8 im trn mt mt cc
i vi rtoco chiu dai loi thep <300mm , chi cn o trn mt mt cc
i vi r to co chiu dai loi thep 300mm cn phai o ca hai phia cua mt mt cc
sai lch tng cp o i din qua tm ,so vi gia tri trung binh khong vt qua quy inh
May co P> 150MW cho phep 5% nho hn 150MW 10%
5/Hang muc xac inh cc tinh cun dy stato
hang muc nay chi thi nghim khi lp mi hay khi cn thit
Chon bt ky cun dy cua mt pha cp xung in ap mt chiu (1,5V) o in ap trn cac
cun con lai
c2

c1

c3

+
mv

mv

c4

c5

c6

mV lch phai ung cc tinh

6/Hang muc kim tra th t pha
hang muc nay chi thi nghim khi lp mi hay khi cn thit
cung cp vao rto mt ngun mt chiu thp ,quay rto theo chiu anh du trn thn may
cac mV se lch sang phai ri sang trai theo th t A,B,C
+

Ro
to

mV
mV
mV

7/ Hang muc xac inh cac thng s qua cua may phat in
hang muc nay chi thi nghim khi lp mi hay khi cn thit
s thi nghim :
Ti
Tp
A
A

Tp may bin ap thi nghim 220/12Vac

Cac dung cu o lng A,W ,V ,Ti
tinh toan thit bi thi nghim :
Tinh dong in va cng sut thi nghim
I= (U x Sm)/(2 x 0,15 U2 m ) (A)
P= U xI cosk
(Kw)
U in ap o trn cac u cc stato (V)
Trang38/ 43

Um in ap dy inh mc cua may phat (KV)

Sm Cng sut inh mc cua may phat (MVA)
cosk h s cng sut ngn mach ly 0,2-0,4
xac inh cac thng s :
o ln lc cac thng s sau
UAB , IAB, PAB ,
UBC , IBC, PBC ,
UAC , IAC, PAC
Tinh toan tng tr pha cun dy stato
ZAB = UAB/2IAB ZBC = UBC/2IBC ZAC = UAC/2IAC ()
in tr pha cua stato
RAB = PAB/I2AB
RBC= PBC/I2BC RAC = PAC/I2AC ()
Cam khang pha stato
XAB =Z2AB- R2AB XBC =Z2BC- R2BC
XAC =Z2AC- R2AC
Gia tri trung binh
Ztb= (ZAB + ZBC + ZAC )/3
Xtb = (XAB +XBC + XAC )/3
Rtb = ( RAB + RBC + RAC)/3
in khang siu qua
doc truc (Xd) ngang truc (Xq)
Xd = Xtb x
Xq = Xtb + x
Trong o
x= 0.667 x XAB ( XAB XBC ) + XBC ( XBC XCA ) + XAC ( XAC XAB )
in khang th t nghich X2 Xtb
in khang phn trm
X% =(( Xtb x Sm )/U2m) x 100
Xtb inkhang trung binh (m)
Sm cng sut inh mc (MVA)
U m in ap inh mc (V)
in tr siu qua doc truc (Rd) ngang truc (Rq)
Rd = Rtb R
Rq = Rtb + R
Trong o
x= 0.667 x RAB ( RAB RBC ) + RBC ( RBC RCA ) + RAC ( RAC RAB )
8/Hang muc th chiu in th mt chiu tng cao va o dong ro theo tng pha
vic o lng dong ro c thc hin khng di 5 gia tri t 0,2 U max n Umax va
chia thanh cac khoang bng nhau .i vi mi cp in ap duy tri 1 phut va ly cac gia tri
15 va 60 giy .Cac gia tri th nghim theo tiu chn nha ch tao. Vic th nghim c
th tng pha cho tng cun dy cua pha so vi cac pha khac c ni vi vo
9/Hang muc th nghim cao th xoay chiu
in ap th nghim theo nha ch tao .Thi gian th nghim 1 phut
Sau khi th nghim 1 phut giam in ap th nghim v bng gia tri inh mc may phat
trong thi gian 5 phut kim tra hin tng phong in vng quang .
Hang muc nay cn thc hin theo hng dn cua nha ch tao
10/Hang muc thi nghim khng tai va ngn mach may phat
Hang muc nay chi th nghim theo chng trinh c bit
Trang39/ 43

11/ Thi nghim ng c in ng b

ng c in ng b c tin hanh theo muc 1 n 10
Ring muc thi nghim cc tinh thi mV se lch trai
Bai 14 Thi nghim o in tr ni t (tip ia)
1/Hang muc kim tra bn ngoai :
Kim tra s tip xuc gia cac thanh dn ni vo thit bi n h thng tip ia
Kim tra s thng mach toan h thng
Kim tra ng kinh ln nht cua h thng tip ia
2/Hang muc o gia tri in tr tip ia
o in tr tip ia theo phng phap trc tip
Dung cu o chuyn dung nh M416
S o

Rn
1

M416

iu chinh cu cn bng
oc gia tri trn num iu chinh va nhn vi h s t trn cu gia tri nay la Rn
Coc trong la coc ap , coc nm ngoai la coc dong (do)
Khi dung cu o in tr sut cua t
Ni cu theo s
L

Rn
1

M416

Cac coc ong theo ng thng va cach nhau mt khoang L

iu chinh cu cn bng
S= 2 Rn.L (.m)
o Rn phng phap gian tip Vn Ampe
A in tr ni t cn o
B coc phu
C coc do
Trang40/ 43

BT
A

B
L

C
L

Cac coc cm thng hang vi Rn cach nhau mt khoang L

Cp ngun chobin ap cach ly BT oc tri s trn cac ng h
Rn= U/I , S= 2 Rn.L (.m)
Cac s o thc t :
i vi Rn : ct in ,nha ca ct chng set ,cac tram in nho
1
10m

25m
20m

Rn

10m

30m

1 coc ap , 2 coc dong

i vi Rn : h thng tip ia ni mach vong vi nhau nh tram ln
1
5d
40m

Rn

Rn
5d

40m
1

d
2

5d

Vi d la ng cheo ln nht cua h thng tip ia theo ban ve thit k

Bai 15 Thi nghim s cach in ,thanh cai
S cach in y la cac s co cach in rn : gm , cht hu c rn, compoxy vv .
La s ng s chui s xuyn khng phai cac s u vao may ct may bin ap
1/Hang muc kim tra bn ngoai
kim tra b mt s , cac kt cu i kem
2/o in tr cach in
o in tr cach in trc va sau khi th cao th
Dung megam 2500V , chi o khi kh va trc khi lp ln ng dy vv khng nho hn
300M
3/ Hang muc th chiu in ap xoay chiu tn s cng nghip
thi gian th 1 phut i vi s co cach in gm , 5 phut i vi s co cach in hu c
rn
4/Hang muc o phn b in ap trn chui s :
chi thc hin cho s treo thanh chui

Trang41/ 43

BT
K
V
K
V
K
V

t in ap vao chui s va o in ap trn tng phn t s ,dung kep chuyn dung (vong
kim loai) ap vao phia trn va di cua mt phn t s treo
C cu o in ap la c cu tinh in
Lu y cn co bin phap an toan tranh tip xuc in ap cao (dung sao cach in thao tac
o in ap)
i vi s c lp thanh thanh cai ta tin hanh th ca thanh cai
Thi nghim thanh cai trn va nm trong tu hp b:
1/Kim tra bn ngoai
2/ o cach in
3/th cao th xoay chiu
tng pha cua thanh cai so vi hai pha con lai va vo , tiu chun th co thp hn so vi th
tng phn t
4/o in tr tip xuv cac mi ni (ghep) :
chi thc hin khi co mi ghep va khi lp mi hoc khi sa cha co thao lp
Bai 16 Thi nghim Cac Dung cu an toan
Dung cu an toan bao gm cac dung cu thao tac : sao cach in ,tham cach in ,gng cach
in ,dy eo an toan (dy an toan),But th in cao th ,kim o in
1/Hang muc kim tra bn ngoai
2/ o cach in
3/o dai
thc hin cho sao cach in , But th in cao th ,kim o in
dai cua phn cach in khng phai chiu dai toan b ma la chiu dai toan b tr i
phn tay nm thao tac
4 /Th cao th xoay chiu :
sao cach in 35KV tr xung:
3 ln in ap nhng khng nho hn 40KV, thi gian th 5 phut
sao cach in 110KV trln
3 ln in ap pha , thi gian th 5 phut
gng tay cach in cac cp in ap
12KV , thi gian th 1 phut
giay cach in cac cp in ap ln hn 1KV
mi : 20KV,thi gian th 2 phut ,cu : 15KV,thi gian th 1 phut
Ung cacg in 1KV
mi : 5KV,thi gian th 2 phut ,cu : 3,5KV,thi gian th 2 phut
tham cach in
1KV mi : 20KV,thi gian th 2 phut ,cu : 15KV,thi gian th 1 phut
<1KV mi : 7,5KV,thi gian th 2 phut ,cu : 3,5KV,thi gian th 1 phut

Trang42/ 43

in ap th cn t trn toan b chiu dai oan cach in , cho phep chia nho ra th
nhng khng qua 4 oan va in ap t vao mi oan cn tinh theo in ap t trn toan
b chiu dai va cng thm 20%
Chi c th nghim sau khi th bn c
Dung cu goi la th nghim at khi khi chiu c in ap t vao khng co hin tng
phong in b mt sau khi ct in ly tay s khng co hin tng phat nong cuc b
Bai 17 Cac cng tac thi nghim hoan chinh mt thit bi cao ap
1/ Cng tac chun bi :
a/Xac inh i tng thi nghim :
i tng thi nghim se c thi nghim dang gi : Lp mi hay inh ky
Nu lp mi cn bit rng i tng ang t ri hay a lp vao h thng
Nu inh ky cn bit thm rng i tng ang hoat ng hay sau sa cha ai tu
b/Thu thp tai liu lin quan n i tng :
Tai liu m ta chi tit , bin ban thi nghim xut xng ,inh ky , ai tu . Cac tai liu
nay c nhn t : nha cp hang , chu quan ly , chu u t , minh ang co
Tiu chun anh gia i tng :tiu chun nha san xut , tiu chun nha nc , tiu
chun cua nghanh . Cac tai liu c ly t nha cp hang , minh ang co
c/ chun bi vt t va thit bi thi nghim :
Xac inh xem i tng co bao nhiu hang muc , Cn cac thit bi loai gi , cac dung
cu h tr nh :vt liu v sinh i tng ,dung cu thao lp i tng (cle, cac khoa
(tip)),xe cu v v
Cn bao nhiu nhn s , trinh chuyn mn
Ngun thi nghim c cung cp t u
2/Cng tac tin hanh thi nghim :
a/ Chun bi hin trng :
Nhn hin trng thi nghim
B tri thit bi thi nghim thich hp
Thc hin cac bin phap an toan : ging dy , t rao chn ,treo cac bin bao an
toan , c ngi giam sat cac ngi khng co nhim vu thi nghim
b/ Tin hanh thi nghim
Co th thc hin cac hang muc theo mt trinh t nao o hoc tuy theo tinh hinh
thit bi thi nghim co khng theo mt trinh t nao
Xac inh thi nghim theo phng phap , theo tiu chun nao
Lp s thi nghim
Khi bt u thi nghim cn thng bao cho ngi giam sat bit
Ghi nhn cac s liu thi nghim
3/Cng tac anh gia s liu thi nghim
X ly s liu thi nghim v tiu chun anh gia
anh gia tng hang muc thi nghim
anh gia toan b cac hang muc
Bao cao kt qua cho ngi co trach nhim
4/Cng tac

Trang43/ 43