Geometric. _Standard Screw St Mery a saa INDUSTRIES~The Distributor’s Role... An Essential One. No one works harder for you and for us than our local industrial tool distributor. First of all, we can say with pride that your Geometric distributor has taken care to provide you with the highest quality tools by selecting the Geometric line. Without the many services the industrial distributor provides, industry would be in chaos. He has an intimate understanding of his customers’ problems and his suppliers’ capabilities and with that knowledge he can accurately bridge the gap between the tool user and the tool manufacturer. He provides prompt service and fast delivery. He functions as a warehouse, bookkeeper, banker and trucker to both the tool manufacturer and the end user. His knowledge of his customers’ problems and methods makes it possible for him to provide the tool manufacturer with a clear picture of these problems and thus effect a quick remedy. To the purchasing agent, whose job it is to exercise judgment as to quality and price of a vast. range of industrial requirements, the distributor salesman can be of enormous value. He can pro- vide the purchasing agent with detailed and reliable information on the products he sells It is with admiration and gratitude we say to our distributors, “Thank you and a hearty well done.”The . purpose of Oe this Handbook is to help you to get the type of production from your GEOMETRIC TOOLS that they are capable of giving under proper operating conditions. From experience we have found that a sound fundamental. knowl- edge of the tools and of their proper installation, operation, and care not only will avoid trouble but will pay in increased effi- ciency. GEOMETRIC We hope you will read this screw book in its entirety so that, when a emetic a oe thread where to turn in it for help in eect em opereine oortece cutting ing threading errors or saving manual yourself the trouble of calling in a service engineer. And, last but z not least, to so familiarize yourself with these versatile tools that you may quickly adapt them to new jobs or new requirements as they develop, Goometric? Greenfield Industries, Inc 470 Od Evans Road Augusta, GA 3080THE GEOMETRIC Line oF TOoLs #se two pages are shown the various types of threading tools in the GEOMETRIC line. Ont Each style of Die Head or Tap is made in a variety of sizes to acco: so no matter what type of machine you have available or what your tool to fit most any condition. For complete specifications and price information regarding any too! illustrated, send for detailed Bulletin. odate different threading requirements, ding problem, there is a GEOMETRIC. DIE HEADS SELF OPENING STATIONARY DDF \” nance ree Wish Letra Most a Flanged Misses os UNIVERSAL HOLLOW SexxGon TORRE LATHES ouch a+ Elan Rene, Fos Ga, Warase & Swarey “SHANK TYPE Without Lateral Float for oat for Cina. Hand Screw Machines and ‘Tareet Laes CA For Light Duty Threudicg Three Types, Pull Oll Top Conversnie Olsidelaside Tap wah oun et ns i ae ARSEDIE HEADS SELF OPENING ROTARY DIE HEADS — SOLID ADJUSTABLE FOR ROTARY OR STATIONARY APPLICATIONS LS 4 iF was LG Yor anal antes fiw pch treads ona EJS Te rnidizet fe neh edo sone TAPS COLLAPSIBLE SOLID ADJUSTABLE STATIONARY ROTARY SJ STATIONARY ‘OR ROTARY or use as any Seid Teel SLEEVE TRIP PLATE TRIPCONTENTS DIE HEADS Self Opening Alignment... Closers and Stops |. Installation and Removal Lubricants Operating Suggestions Replacement Parts D Ds, DSA DD c xD. cK - Setting up for Operation Adjusting Chasers to Size Closing the Die Head Inserting Chasers. Opening for Chaser Insertion Tripping into Open Position Speeds Stops and Closers Threading Troubles DIE HEADS Solid Adjustable DIE HEAD CHASERS Chamfer Angles Ground (Milled) Milled Servicing Bearing, Incorrect Breakage . Keen, Too Lead Error Shaving Sharpening. Chamfer Clearance Chamfer Grinding Cutting Face Fixtures Recessing Rechamfering Styles. : Tapped - Terms Types TAPS Chasers... Collapsing Disassembly Replacement Parts Setting Up Solid Adjustable TABLES 10 16-25 16-17 18-21 24 12-18 15 14 4 13 12 u 25 - 48-49 44-46 45-46 46 44-45 41| SELF OPENING Alignment Closers and Stops Installation and Removal 6 Lubricants lo Operating Suggestions n Replacement Parts 16-25 D 1617 DS, DSA 1e-21 DD 22 c 2B XD 24 cK 24 Setting up for Operation 12-15 Adjusting Chasers to Size. 18 Closing the Die Head “4 Inserting Chasers “4 Opening for Chaser Insertion. 13 Tripping into Open Position . 12 Speeds a9 Stops and Closers. 7 Threading Troubles a SOLID ADJUSTABLE die headsEADS GENE INSTALLING IN TURRET A sel opening die head is a precision tool. In order to produce accurate threads it must be kept in good condition and handled with care at all times. Proper installation of the head in the machine is of utmost importance as many threading faults may be traced to improper installation, ‘When putting the tool into the turzet wipe out the hole to be sure there are no chips or dust. Keep the shank clean and free from set screw RAL INSTRUCTIONS marks. Bind the shank in the turret securely but do not bear down so as to mar or gouge the shank. The shank of the tool, remember, locates the tool in rela- tion to the work. A badly worn or bent shank means misalignment. Don't gouge into the shank if you value accurate threads or long tool life A few simple methods of putting a tool into the turret — without danger of damaging the tool or scoring the shank — are illustrated below. A sale, easy way to pat « dis bead is the turet hole ‘With the chasers removed fo prevent loosening fae keys, the shank member sarted m furzet hole and block of i ‘wood ‘positioned at astated, advence, the torel ent, thos forcing the tool iste sts turret Role. Never amor iti, ft. DIE HEAD ‘TURRET pat = cE Le SPINDLE 1 you use a sot screw to bind the tool in place, flat the shank and locate the screw on the fat. THis method will avoid gouging and scoriay of the shenk oe all bank dost alone, Dalvand fap a hole sgeeeiy tot wll nol pull Gate splnalo whe beg | hoes J Xx REMOVING FROM TURRET The reasons for care when installing a tool are equally applicable when removing it from the ma- chine. Use special care that the tool does not drop, into the bed of the machine or on the floor as “inter- nal injuries"’ not easily detected may result. GI LI HE, | i _ ay to tive a tool out of te tavet of brase knockout bar oy dlustreled, Where other tooling, or construction of turret, makes use of a kaockout ber Spoesile, sy te tool Gul wile pry ber Never hase: tbe heeSETTING STOP ON MACHINE FOR THREAD LENGTH The principle of a self-opening die head is to open _yoke or fork is usually employed. In any case be sure at the end of the cut releasing the chasers from the _the necessary adjustment is made prior to cutting a work, thus permitting return of the die head without thread or you are apt to break chasers and even reversing the spindle. wreck the die head by running it into a shoulder or With a turret lathe, a stop is usually employed to into the collet or chuck. stop the advance of the turret and allow the tool to be When setting a stop, keep in mind (1) the length tripped at the predetermined length of thread. With _of thread to be cut, (2) safety of the Die Head and automatic screw machines using rotary die heads, a Chasers, Types of Stops and Closers Most Geometric Heads have integral stop mechanisms or are hand operated. In some cases it will be necessary to provide stopping or closing mechanisms related to the machine set up. Below are a couple of typical arrangements. ROTARY TYPE any Jamu < elope = SETTING OPERATING YOKE ON AUTOMATICS The drawing shows a typical example of how a Rotary Dio head is operated FLANGE TRIP on a maliple spindle astomatc stew machine The oy lasing oe sincta yoke opareing oa the groove of hegd're costelec by achurtag the location oho nig on ke tap od anhowa, 4 Sa yoke operating i the arcove of To prevent sluggish opening action the yoke rhould be nazzow enough wo {6 I™P that forward side of groore wil not contact yoke wien heed tripe STATIONARY TYPE [OUTSIDE TRF ENGAGED eiosen at ould tp gage contacts the spindle guard This cloner may be purchased from Brown & Sharpe ine when tiprgg . Masulachslag Conpeny, Providence, RdALIGNMENT Alignment of machine is one of the most important requirements of accurate screw thread cutting. When a die head is in true alignment with the work, all chasers of a set contact the work at the same time and the cutting of the thread is equally distributed among all the chasers of the set, Misalignment imposes an added burden on the GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS chasers. In addition to cutting the threads, the chasers which are bearing the heaviest on the work are con- stantly trying to force the turret, or threading spindle, into alignment with the work. When we consider the weight of a threading spindle or turret we can readily appreciate why chaser breakage and other thread troubles may result Checking alignment with indicator Misalignment may be due to the ways of the machine being worn or may be due to the turret hole not being in line with the work spindle, or it may be due to the turret hole being worn bell mouth allowing the threading tool to drop. A worn die head or one with a bent shank will also cause misalignment. For checking alignment of the machine, a quick check may be made by bringing the chasers firmly up against the work which, of course, must be true and should be square at the end. Feeler gages or Paper can be used in detecting which chasers do not contact the work. The most accurate method of checking alignment is by mounting an indicator on the spindle of the machine and inserting a plug in the turret hole, the plug projecting six inches, if possible, beyond the face of the turret. See illustration above. The indicator mounting should he substantial PROPER SPEED ‘Threading speed depends on the diameter of the work, the number of threads per inch to be cut and, the nature of the material to be threaded, Be sure you are using approximately the correct speed, ‘The choice of the proper speed for threading is very. essential. Many people overlook the importance of this factor, although they use care in selecting the proper speeds for other tooling. Bear in mind that a threading tool operates on 2 different principle than most other cutting tools in that the feed per revolution is fixed by the pitch of the thread being cut. This is not so with cutting tools such as those used in turning, forming, etc., where the amount of feed can be varied to suit conditions. Keep- ing this point in mind, it must be realized that care should be taken in selecting the proper speed. enough to avoid springing, thus causing an incorrect reading. By bringing the indicator in contact with the out- side of the test bar and rotating the spindle carrying the indicator, errors in concentricity between the spindle and the bar can be noted. The indicator should be set with sufficient spring pressure to coun- teract the spindle weight when the under side of the test bar is checked. By setting the indicator so that it contacts the top of the bar and feeding the turret forward and backward, vertical errors in parallelism between the spindle and bar also can be detected. Horizontal errors may be checked in a similar manner on the side of the bar. In checking for alignment be sure that the turret is in the position where it is used the most — usually the greatest wear is at the forward end. Too fast a speed will often result in torn threads, burned chasers, rough threads and will, in any case, materially reduce the total life of a set of chasers. On the following page there is a speed chart of recommended threading speeds showing both F.P.M. (surface feet per minute) and RPM. (cevolutions per minute). This chart can only be of a general nature and must be altered to suit your own materials and your own working conditions. It will, however, offer 4 starting point from which you may work in either dizection with the idea of obtaining maximum produc- tion with best possible finish, Quite frequently a change in speed downward will result in smooth, shiny threads as opposed to rough, torn threads,Speed Chart FOR ALL TAPER THREADS PRODUCED BY JAM CUT USE 75% OF SPEED GIVEN cm Bovey Syne FD ref ea : sotag celsnlwe ag a ae | as ems pee een Ee patie) |] Hitter) [| we Mang. B jj Sips @| [ester we as |e 30 | 100 | 180 | 200 NOTE: Speeds specified are approximate and may have to be varied to obtain bast result, Table of Speeds Geet | © | 0 | as | m | = | w@ | © | » | m | wo | 10 | wo eB | Diam, of ¥ RPM % [=s| s | eon oir | 1a] Ish 2085 | 9058 |__| % [ie 13 as ae 58 1 Ted — | Toma | T528— |—m202 3086 Se 306 07 _| 508 ais — | 1088 | 3528 | ase ge 85 1s — “Ts a a ett (74 [ae | Tea S| aes |aro ob tae Te ae a {an [arr ra TRI Pee sro 67 10 15S 204 758 | aor | 509 — | 164 “Tor —|\ 38088 ass ars [cist — [sate gap | eta a 98 3820s ee sss at es se SEB gees an ie | near sos a SS Te eae Sa ss a 5 < Sn TO ‘940_/—t1e | “Tes | 235 — | a5 a 1% 163 | aoa |W an6 | a0 | S08 er as Yaz |“ie ae | a6 ss i erga arr tea | as [ass iat er cc i 34 (38a as | ao | as e79_\—~ eas | tog | 55 | Sa Ba_| Tae 3 |—taa~ | “isa “zag aos 8 at [ize |Tsa— | ae ao 25, | areas arr || 383 (Ss ee aie | ao Bang | aoe | are 3a | a es | a as |— | Be |—Wws—| “taza | an e380 — 082 | — gato tee |_| om To1|—a7| 1s“. [637-0 | ar st | ase hk ga~[ “i176 as aa aro | se | ga te | 16} 36 a 2 a 3%. el _| Toa 153|\— oa | “283 | 08 40.7-| 505} 15102 | 188 | a0 ge | reas sat asa] | ae |e For snes lager han 4”. damon, tl only goceaary to best ip mind hat speeds change fs inv example where 3” diameter far 10.1 RPM: 6" Siameter would be 805 REM or one hall,PROPER LUBRICANT Most materials should be threaded with plenty of Tubricant or coolant. Be sure you are equipped with the right one and plenty of it. We have seen threaded work that has been im- Proved remarkably from the siandpoint of finish by changing only one factor—the kind of lubricant employed. While the general practice is to thread certain materials such as cast brass, cast iron, aluminum, gic. dry, much better zesults may be obtained through the use of a lubricant or coolant. When it comes to the threading of alloy steels, steel stampings, steel forgings and other materials in that General classification, success or failure may hinge on the use of the proper lubricant and the amount of Iubricant used. We suggest that with many of these materials a mineral lard oil or oil with a sulphurized base be used GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS The chart below will give you some idea of sug. gested lubricants, here again these can be only suo, gestions, The stes! stampings you are threading may differ in texture or machinability from those used i some other plant, thus requiring different speeds and Tubricants from those used in that other plant on steel stampings (to name only one matorial as an example), Furthermore, we cannot emphasize too strongly the necessity of getting a good supply of lubricant to the cutting Points of the chasers. Remember the days when you used to brush a little white lead and oll on the chasers? That's very inefficient and very inelice tive, Get a good force of high grade lubricant flowing steadily onto your chasers if you value good threads Be sure also to use lubricant during any trial eut ting, as well as in production Above all bear in mind that success or failure in Your thread cutting may depend on your choice of lubricant and how you use it. Furthermore, the use of 2 good quality lubricant is as important as the correct type. T Material 5} 3 E3| Material 3 Bie | =e 2 g(45) 2 2/3/52) 3] 5S slaa 3 | seal, 3 | alés 2lz 5) B ALAS) | issines = Gan : Riuminea =e Can : Asin hal 7 Russos = Samp : Th 7 : : Esta! Cah Se TOTO : 7 [“Ysieel= cnrk Ss =o Sea =r = | [Sie — Ca Se IO 7 =| ists! = Many Se t : pe z =| [Sia — Chas Ba TO z io = 7 Eros = Cust aan =] [ied = Chess Wes is [ Bosse = waar =[ pests =] Ene= haat 2] Ses Feat r [ Bess Pir =| fees tae Sera : Bross Tei = fist hes ee ee 7 z eel Nectross See TIS> ; = z z [Seal Nila = x] Steel — Stainless, — 7 Seo! = Sap : : Sect Taa E : Stel = Taba t = [Steel — Semi Casting = mi rT [esate nea) 1 Usually run dry but we recommend a coolant 10THREADING TROUBLES “Threading Trouble’’ usually means that some- thing is causing production of unsatisfactory threads on the work piece. The chart shows common thread defects and the possible causes. The remedies, if not self evident, can be found by following the suggestions for proper operation as covered in the various sections of this book. Experience has proved that a vast majority of threading troubles can be traced to the conditions under which the work is being done and not to original faults in the tools, It is even possible that a selup which works perfectly on one type of material, will not be satislactory for ancther type. So do not be too quick to lay the blame for threading troubles on, the tools, check the entire setup including the material being threaded. It will be noted that any given “symptom’’ might bbe caused by any one of a number of conditions and possibly by a combination of several. EFFECT Ciataned Poor Seipped Incorrect Rous | Teperea | StPPA? | out cl Bound Lend Cause Thread | Foss! or born Shaving Bie Thresds | Th ‘Deuskes Eror Pom Fhceade | Brushes Diameter CHASERS Ixproper Cazning z x _ : x Tacorect Speed = = z z z = = Taseperionced Opater [= [asa z = = TUBRICRTION | Wong Kind 2 x Tasuficient = z = (GEaWNG = = = = = OPERATING SUGGESTIONS Before starting to cut a thread check chasers care: fully. If threading to a shoulder or bottom, be sure the. chasers have a short enough chamfer for the work, If it is not to a shoulder, do the chasers have a long enough chamfer to do the best possible job? The longer the chamfer the easier the chasers will cut and the better thread they will produce, See chast of commonly used chamfer angles on page 30. Also be sure chasers have correct face grind for the nature of the material to be threaded. See chart, of recommended face grinds on page 33, ‘Do not run the die head up on the work without checking the diameter of work or adjustment of die head. A piece of work oversize or die head adjusted too small will cause chasers to remove excess stock, which is very likely to cause chaser breakage. Make a sample cut, after which finer adjustments may be required to fit gages. When shoulder threading, allow extra clearance to avoid running into the shoulder. Finer adjustment can then be made for proper length of thread. Help feed the turret along while threading, follow- ing lead of the screw, thus avoid having the die head. pull the entire slide along. Avoid putting too much pressure on, forcing the turret; likewise avoid holding back on turret causing a drag. Advance the turret at the same rate as the lead of the thread being cut. Learn feel of the machine for different thread leads. Be sure to use lubricant during any trial cutting, as well as in production. Take good care of your tools when in use, and when. not in use. Keep them clean and do not abuse them by driving them into or out of the turret. This may spring the head and throw it out of alignment. Clean chips and dust out of it regularly, Periodically take apart, remove old gummy oil, oil the working parts and put it together again. When not in use, put in a dry place with a rust preventive brushed on. If these rules are followed carefully, there will be less chance of Die Head troubles or chaser breakage and better threads will be cut, uSELF OPENING Setting up for operation 1, TRIPPING INTO OPEN POSITION Normally the Die Head has been installed in the If the chasers were in the head this is the position turret or spindle of the machine before the chasers are where chasers are disengaged from the work. inserted. The frst step in chaser insertion (or removal) Each style of Geometric Die Head is tripped in a is to trip the head into open position different manner as described below. STYLES D AND C (rut or omy! STYLES DS, DSA AND DD Pull the frot pat ofthe die head toward youby means Push back tip lever and cam will otete into open cf the closing endle wntl the bead unlocks, slowing postion, the com to rolate inte open posiisn STYLES KD, KDS, CK Push hack en tip fange, causing bead to trip into open positon. 122. OPENING FOR CHASER INSERTION This is the fully open position and differs from the ‘The various methods of clearing the slots for chaser “open” position described on the opposite page in insertion for the different styles of Die Heads are that the chaser slots are now “'opened’" or cleared of _ shown below. the mechanism that holds the chasers in place, STYLES D, DD, C, CT STYLES DS, DSA Relig the pressure ofthe cam spring by lightly push Relieve the pressure of the com spring by lightly on handle. At same, time pull up stop plunger and pushing on clokag handle o pin At sume tire pal sp ‘he cam wil rotate ito fully open posites. Rap plusger andthe com wil roate isto aly ope position. STYLES KD, KDS, CK Depress stop lever Sn adiuating ring with your thom gr wih some implement, alowing the spriagt to force Sack the closing sleeve ‘nto open positon 133. INSERTING CHASERS The chaser slots on each Die Head are stamped in sequence 1, 2, 3, etc. Individual chasers in a set are also marked in this manner. It is important that each chaser be inserted in the slot with the corresponding number. So, when inserting chasers in the die head, SELF OPENING Setting up for operation put the chaser stamped No. 1 in the slot stamped No. 1, chaser stamped No. 2 in the slot stamped No. 2, and so on. Be sure D type chasezs aze positioned properly. With K chasers the pin in the bottom of the chaser should snap into the chaser spring plunger. STYLES D, DD, C, CT, DS, and DSA Puch the D typo chasere in ul the push button snaps Into the fag lot 4. CLOSING THE DIE HEAD ‘With the chasers in the die head, close the tool so that the chasers are in cutting position, that is, with the tool completely closed and the chasers in position STYLES KD, KDS and Ck Push the K type chasers in until the chaser pine in chesers ave fly beld in the spring plangere. This oan be determined by 2 slight click ab each chaser sats propery to cut a thread. This will lock the chasers in place so that they may not be removed until the head is again fully opened as described on page 13. STYLES D, DD, C, CT and DS Rotate cam by means of closing handle, being sure to continue rotation after te stop plunger saape ico post fon, and unt head locks is cating positon. 4 STYLES KD, KDS and CK Poll to trip flange forward, belng sur to continue the forward motion alter he stop lever snap into locking poston and nil head locus isto eatong panion oo EHD use closing handle)5. ADJUSTING CHASERS TO SIZE Ifa sample screw is available adjust the chasers to this part. If not, use as a setting gage a piece of bar stock turned to the minor (root) diameter of the thread tobe cut. Care should be taken not to force the chasers into the setting gage. The adjusting of the chasers to size varies with the type of die head employed. Ilus- trated below are the methods employed with some of the more commonly used types of Geometric Die Heads, STYLES D, DD Adjust to cating sine by loosening one adjnating screw and tghtersag the otter, A hex key ie provided for tis STYLES Ds, DSA Adjust to outing size by logsening one adjusting screw and ghtening the olver, A hex key se provided for is urpose. dex bey px ag binding screw using the fod Then by means l 2 pin inserted i ‘heals oftae adjusting ring turn unl the desired thread Hie i cbfaines, Tighten adjusting ving binding Delore curing a thread, 1s6. REPLACEMENT OF PARTS Geometric tools as a rule are noted for their sim- plicity of construction and freedom from mechanical faults. However, as it may be necessary occasionally to replace worn or damaged perts, a few general instructions on parts replacement will be helpful. Should you care for information on any problem of this sort that is not covered in this book, our engineers will be glad to answer specific questions at any time. ‘Most die heads use a number of coll springs, Check these springs now and then to be sure they have their original flexibility. If springs are used in pairs, be sure they are of equal size and strength. SELF OPENING Another point to check frequently is the locking medium. Whether this be a locking bolt or pawl the continual opening and closing of the tool are bound to cause wear on these essential parts. They should be renewed from time to time, Needless to say, that part of the die head in which the chasers are located is of prime importance. The chaser slots should not show material wear nor should the chaser keys or other holding devices be permitted to wear materially without replacement, Detailed construction of the more common tocls and list of parts are shown on pages 17-25. ee Style D Die Head ‘The removal of the thimble, back in the bore from the face of the tool, is necessary in order to entirely disassemble this type of tool. A broad nose screw driver will do this easily and quickly. ‘The cam spring may have to be replaced occasion- ally. After putting the die head in a vise, remove the front part of the head by unscrewing the thimble Then take out the cam spring plate screws, allowing the cam spring plate and cam spring to be removed, To reassemble tools 1%" in size or smaller, first replace the cam spring plate and cam, then insert the new cam spring from the lug side of the cam. (On sizes larger than 1/4” place the cam in a vise with the lugs down, holding on the lugs lightly s0 cam cannot tur. Insert cam spring in the cam spring chamber placing one end of the spring against the segment, with the other end of spring projecting slightly. Place the cam spring plate in position so the. cam spring stop pin will pick up the end of the cam spring that is projecting. Noxt, rotate the cam spring plate sufficiently to allow the cam spring stop pin 10 drop into position. Remove this unil from the vise. holding the cam and cam spring plate together so the cam spring cannot release itself. This unit can, now be placed on the die head skeleton and the cam spring plate screws inserted, PHANTOM VIEW 0 DIE HEAD INSERTING CAM SPRING 16‘CLOSED POSITION PARTS FOR DIE HEAD — STYLE D WHEN ORDERING REPAIR PARTS GIVE BOTH NUMBER AND NAME OF PART AND SERIAL NUMBER OF TOOL. 1Skeleton seth chaser 8Push bat sings im = cam spring = \ = ‘9$—Push buttons. me eee Eom TS Bl, SS Heer : y am 3—Cam spring plate / ieee ccna OM ~ ww mY ae st = 13—Stop plunger compote 1M Locking bot = 7 1S—Lockiag bolt bushing. 16—RAF Lever wile pin. 4-Rajustiog cing S-Back part with dee V—Adjusting screws 18-Cam epring plate 19am spring, 20—Thimble sping.6. REPLACEMENT PARTS — CONTINUED SELF OPENING Style DS Die Head DISASSEMBLY With die head in open position and chasers and tripping mechanism removed, place face down on bench and remove the two tapered head cam spring plate screws from the rear of the die head. On some die heads to get access to thecam spring plate screws it is necessary to disassem. ble the shank by removing thetwosquarehead screws, however most die heads have screw driver clear ance holds through shank flange. When removing thecam spring plate screws hold the die head with the fingers so the parts will not release too quickly due fo pressure of springs, Remove the cam spring plate and backpart assembly, Being very careful to hold parts together so the cam spring will not fly out. Now the two units, one the cam spring plate-back part assembly and the other the skeleton-cam assembly can be taken apart. ASSEMBLY First, put the back part on the bench with the pilot facing upward, Place the cam spring plate over the pilot of back part with the hole in the trip lever in line with the trip screw hole in the back part and line up the driving pin holes between the two paris. Put springs on the driving pins and insart the small end of the pins through the cam spring plate and into the back part, using a hammer end punch to finally drive pins into position. Drive pins into position so that the ends of the driving pins will be SLIGHTLY UNDER the rear surface of the back part. Now place back part. cam spring plate assembly in the vise, holding from the flange and in a horizontal position, Place the two buifer pins in the holes in the cam spring plate, with the large end of the buffer pins in the cam spring plate, Next place the two buffer springs over the buffer pins, Assemble cam to skeleton and rotate cam until siop plunger drops into recess. Now hold skeleton-cam assembly face down on the bench and insert the cam spring. When inserting the cam spring, position the cam so that the segment is toward you, then place the cam spring in the chamber and compress spring against the pin to the left, allowing the opposite end 18 ‘To disassemble skeleton-cam assembly, hold the skeleton in one hand and with the fingers of the other hand pull up the stop plunger and remove the cam, The die head is now com- pletely disassembled with the exception of a few parts which need no ex. planation. To disassemble cam spring plate-back part assembly, it is necessary to remove shank then place the cam spring plate. back part assembly back in skeleton assembly less cam, buffer pins and springs, and cam spring, Now block up the back part near the driving pins so there will be space between the cam spring plate and back part. Place the entire unit face down on the bench and knock out the driving pins from the rear with a hammer and punch. This will release the two major parts of the spring and shoe to project slightly out of the chamber when against opposite pin. This shoe pre- vents spring from catching in final assembly. Now assemble skeleton-cam assembly to back art-cam spring plate assembly as follows: — With the back part-cam spring plate assembly in vise, place the skeleton-cam assembly on the back part-cam spring plate assembly, lining up the spring and pin holes Next, compress the two units together and when doing 80 pull out the stop plunger in the cam, allowing cam to rotate slightly lining up the cam spring stop pin in the cam with the one in the plate, Then rotate the cam and pick up the end of the cam spring that is project- ing. By rotating the cam in this manner the cam spring stop pin in the cam spring plate will drop into position. in the cam spring chamber and by additional pressure the two units can be brought together. Holding the two units together, remove entire assembly from vise and place face down on bench still holding parts in place. Nowinsertthetwocam spring plate screwsfrom the rear and tighten in position. Shank can now be assembled lining up clearance hole through fange with buiior ac- fon lock out screw. Reassemble tripping mechanism,SECTION A0-c SESEIS Setign @ L Seen ahi PARTS FOR DIE HEAD — STYLE DS WHEN ORDERING REPAIR PARTS, GIVE BOTH NUMBER AND NAME OF PART [AS WELL AS CONSTRUCTION NUMBER AND SERIAL NUMBER OF TOOL. PEGE | had SESTION D-0- AN gal? dy sa wan YE 3 eo wut » 36. REPLACEMENT PARTS — CONTINUED Style DSA Die Head SELF OPENING DISASSEMBLY Remove chasers and tripping mechanism and with the die head in open position, loosen the two return spring pin binding screws on the flatted sides of the backpart. Loosen these screws until a slight click is, heard but do not remove them completely. The front portion of the die head can now be removed from. the backpart and shank. Using ancther size hex key remove the cam spring plate screws from the back ofthe front portion of die head. Remove the cam spring plate assembly being careful to prevent the cam spring from coming out. To disassemble skeleton and. cam pull out on stop plunger in case it is engaged. Other smaller parts can be easily disassembled. ASSEMBLY Install cam spring in cam between pins with the shoe end of cam spring toward the two pins in cam. Assemble cam and skeleton, Assemble trip lever spring and spring pin in trip lever slot in cam spring 20 plate. Next compress trip lever spring so trip lever can be inserted and the head of pin inserted in trip lever. Place return springs on return spring pins and assemble to cam spring plate working from inside bore. The cam spring plate assembly can now be assembled to the cam and skeleton by inserting the return spring and trip lever springs in proper holes. ‘The cam should be rotated on the skeleton so that the cam spring stop pin in the cam spring plate can be inserted in the space provided between the shoe on the cam spring and the stop pin in the cam. Cam spring plate screws can now be inserted and tight. ened. Now cam can be rotated on skeleton until locking bolt is engaged and the front portion of die head assembled io the backpart and shank. Care should be taken to got the return spring pins in holes. and compress the buffer action before tightening the two return pin binding screws. Assemble tripping mechanism and die head is ready for use.SS ern PARTS FOR DIE HEAD — STYLE DSA WHEN ORDERING REPAIR PARTS, GIVE BOTH NUMBER AND NAME OF PART AS WELL AS CONSTRUCTION NUMBER AND SERIAL NUMBER OF TOOL.6. REPLACEMENT PARTS— CONTINUED Styles DD and ¢ Style DD 2) af SS Z PARTS FOR DIE HEAD STYLE DD ASW as consriucion nuns, Ane seta monte TO@ Style C—Pull-Of Trip Type | | | PARTS FOR DIE HEAD — STYLE C — Pull-Of Trip Type WHEN ORDERING REPAIR PARTS, GIVE BOTH NUMBER AND NAME OF PART AS WELL AS CONSTRUCTION NUMBER AND SERIAL NUMBER OF TOOL. &00d= ont a 1 ‘Ml Wee 10 ts 30° ta . ce cere Vo 20, 23SELF OPENING 6. REPLACEMENT PARTS — CONTINUED Styles KD and CK Die Heads No tools, except a small hex key, are necessary for __vent the ball dropping out. See sectional view below. disassembly of the KD and CK Die Heads. With the To reassemble, replace pawl and segment in groove head closed, release the screw in the adjusting ring. _of adjusting ring, being sure the broader face of the Then unscrew the adjusting ring from the shank of the skeleton, now pull the skeleton forward from the assembled ‘tip flange, closing sleeve and adjust- ing ring. With your thumbs pushing forward against the closing sleeve, reach inside the assembly and release the adjusting ring by pushing it back- ward and out with your fingers. When disassembling the closing sleeve and trip flange care should be taken to pre- pawl is toward the narrower rim of the groove. Keep the pawl springs under ten- sion as you replace the adjusting ring. Be careful to line up the springs in the closing sleeve with the corre. sponding holes in the skeleton; keep the closing sleeve forward while screw- ing the adjusting ring on to the skel- eton. Then tighten the set screw in the adjusting ring. Bias 3 sE0T10N A-o-0 SE0TION 9-0-€. stcrion £0 ‘Gren Postion cteses Position cLSE0 POSITION PARTS FOR DIE HEADS —KD AND CK WHEN ORDERING REPAIR PARTS GIVE BOTH NUMBER [AND NAME OF PART, ALSO CONSTRUCTION NUMBER "AMD SERIAL NUMBER OF TOOL, sScrow with Lock Washes eplace thew pst on 1st ie ead an age : The constuction of he Styl ED and he Style CK ia FANT, NOTE, ‘Beran wis uu fadowing oceptcea eaten Be ea ee Se othe Tiscngaan Re th alt ei "ASS Tive co ndditonal pst tot shown) iowa are abaeionSOLID ADJUSTABLE Style DJ thing that has been said about the operating conditions and caze of Self Opening Die Heads on the foregoing pages is equally applicable to Solid Adjustable Die Heads. However, not having the self opening mech- anism they are muci. simpler in construction. There are just two major parts — the Skeleton which holds Chasers in place, and a Cam which acts as both a locking and size adjustment medium. apes 1. Beloce inerting ox removing chasers, 2, Inuest a pin in the hela on fet Back out the adjusting serew periphery of the Com and rev shown in llusteation Cam on the Skeleton toward @ (Chaser No. 13m slot No, Hot No, 2: and to 0m, PARTS FOR DIE HEAD — STYLE DJ PLUS SIZE, CONSTRUCTION NUMBER AND SERIAL NUMBER OF THE DIE HEAD, GE 2... onan ZeEy 4, Adjust to cutting size loosening one edjucting serow and ughteniag another Set os slighily lcger 4, Adjusting Sorews. diameter tan you intend 2. Cam with Push Butts, Rings, and Springs. §, Push Buttons, fovcut Then, adjust is S fescue e 3. Sem Retains Rpg. cam & Pash Baton Rigs. ae te obtained, RAE 1 Push Baton Sprnge Se vay baciash inated 28DIE HEAD CHASERS Chamfer Angles 30 Ground (Milled) 28 Milled 28 Servicing 40-42 Bearing, Incorrect 40 Breakage 42 Keen, Too 40 Lead Error 4L d - Shaving 41 fe Sharpening 30-39 h d Chamfer Clearance 31 ea Chamfer Grinding 30 Cutting Face 32-33 h Fixtures 34-39 chasers Recessing 31 Rechamfering 31 Styles 28 Tapped 28 Terms 29 Types 28STYLE! Die Heads of any type would be useless without cutters, These cutters are called CHASERS and the fact that they are adjustable is what gives to Die Heads their great advantage over solid dies. Chasers usually come in sets of four but a set may consist of more depending on the size of the Die Head. Since the correct operation of your Die Heads will depend largely on the performance of the Chasers, we cannot emphasize too strongly the importance of top quality chasers to begin with, and the utmost caze in selecting the correct chaser for the job in hand. To equip all types of Geometric Die Heads, there are three chaser styles as illustrated below sme even YS eae Wl &! Geometric Die Heads D, DD, DS, DSA, Brand C. Wil &t any Geometric Die Heed which bs Ein its typo. designation. TYPES Ly Chasers are also classified as “Regular or "Pro- jection."’ The projection type, as the name implies, ‘project out beyond the face of the Die Head when, in place. This is not only an advantage when thread- ing close to a shoulder but because of the longer threaded section they permit of a larger number of rechamferings. or the goporal run of work under ordinary conditions PROJECTION For close to shoulder threading. TAPPED VS “MILLED” CHASERS In addition to classification by Style and Type, Die Head chasers may also be classified by conformation of the thread protile, i.c., "Milled" and “Tapped.” These two terms may, however, be misleading as by custom they refer to the shape and not necessarily, as the names imply, to the manner in which the threads were generated. In other words, '“Milled’” refers to a straight die angle no matler how it was, generated, whether milled or ground, and “Tapped” merely indicates a concave profile, MILLED CHASERS THREADS: \ MILLED OHASERS ARE MADE \§ with THE THREADS MULED ON A DIE ANGLE. fe ANGLE. ‘TAPPED CHASERS ‘THREADS: TAPPED CHASERS ARE MADE WITH THE THREADS (ON A GONCAVED SURFRCE AS SHOWN ABOVETERMS RELATING TO CHASERS BEARING This is the surface in contact ‘botween the chaser and the work ‘when cutting the thread. CIRCUMFERENTIAL CLEARANCE (Tapped Form and § Chasers) ‘To provide relief circumferentially between chaser and work as shown, so that the chaser will contact the work at the cutting face only. ours Face \ cincumrenennat Guearance DIE ANGLE (Milled, Ground thread or Tap- ped Form Chasers) Relief between the chaser and the work is provided by the Die Angle, ie,, the angle at which threads are milled. OUTING FACE LONGITUDINAL CLEARANCE (Milled, Ground thread or Tap- ped Form Chasers) To provide clearance longitudi- nally between the chaser and work as shown so all of the cutting will be done at the chamfer. MOVE (Single Throad) The distance or advance of a given thread from chaser to chaser is the "MOVE," The distance is the same from one chaser to the next in a set (on single thread), TRACKAGE Chasers “track"” properly when all chasers of a set follow exactly in the groove cut by the preceding chaser or chasers. (See move) IMove move SHAVING Shaving is the side cutting action of one or more chasers resulting in thin threads. For further information see page 37. curtine FACE seavins bw FRonT ravine ba em ‘SHAVING ON REAR Se OF TEETHBefore starting to cut a thread there are several fundamental things that should be checked. First of all, examine the blueprint of the work to be produced and make certain you have the proper tools for the work. Check especially carefully the chasers furnished. The chasers can make all the difference between success or failure on a threading job. The chamfer (often called throat or lead) of a chaser is the beveled portion which leads the tool onto the work. As the cutting is all done by the chamfer and iirst full tooth back of the chamfer, it is important that the chamiers be right for the job. CHAMFER ANGLES The correct chamfer angle depends on the type of work to be threaded. For shoulder threading 45° is usually employed. For straightaway threading a 22° chamfer is standard. On tough alloy steels a longer chamfer should be used where permissible, Uf you are threading to a shoulder or bottom, be sare the chasers have a short enough chamfer for the ‘work. If it is not to a shoulder, do the chasers have a Jong enough chamfer to enable them to do the best, possible job? The longer the chamfer the better the distribution of chips. This means easier cutting, better finish on the work and longer chaser life. Chasers should also have the correct face grind for the material to be threaded. In fact incorrect face grind will result in more trouble than any other one factor in threading, It is very important to distinguish between chamfer grinding and face grinding. ‘The figures in the chart are based on American National or V threads. On Acme, Worm, Modified Square and similar thread forms, a two-thread cham- fer is approximately 15°, a one-thread chamfer approximately 33°. SHARPENING CHASERS Nothing contributes more to the production of accu- rate threads, and low cost per thread, than accurate sharpening of chasers. Frequent light grinding or touching up will not only give better threads but will greatly extend the life of the chasers. Partial dullness leads to chipping as well as poor threads. Chamfer Grinding One point which should be stressed is the neces: sity of resharpening chasers at the chamfer. On milled chasers, in fact, practically all resharpening should be done at the chamier with the cutting face only Therefore, to obtain the best zesulte from any chasers they should be resharpened frequently and before they become dull. They should be resharpened by machine using an appropriate grinding fixture. They should not be resharpened free hand. See pages 34.35 for sharpening fixtures touched up lighily from time to time as needed. For quick recognition of correct and incorrect chamfers, a few are illustrated here. ‘CORRECTLY GROUND SET Note that charter i slighty diflr- opt on eech chaser of set Fs Jong Short a chamfer, INCORRECTLY GROUND SET kas boon ckamlens Chaser D es too iso Chaser Ass {oothin and not of tae same thickest sf the other three cha [C0 The chamfer should a 018 Eelow tae soot 05" to the chever fo that each chases wil tte same Sime, 30e Chamfer Grinding (Cont.) RECESSING AND RECHAMFERING For shoulder threading where a long chamfer is not permissible, it is frequently necessary to recess the front face of the chasers to remove dull, worn or chipped teeth. The chasers must then be rechamfered with a one thread chamfer, which is the minimum recommended for shoulder threading. Incidentally, this same method of recessing is used when only long chamfer chasers are available and you want to use them for shoulder threading. Here again the chasers must be rechamfered after recessing. ‘All chasers must be recessed uniformly, with 5° rake. "When projection chasers are employed, grind back the projection sufficiently to remove any worn or chipped teeth. Be sure that chasers for shoulder threading have a 5° rake ground on top so that they will have only a single point contact with the work in case of accidentally hitting shoulder. Projection chasers must be rechamiered after grinding back the projection. ill m= oo“ Lit CHAMFER CLEARANCE In sharponing chasers, not only must the chasers have correct angle of chamfer but they must also have the proper chamier clearance. ‘Too much chamier clearance will cause chattered threads, tapered threads and poor lead. Reverse chamfer clearance will prevent the chasers from cut- ting freely and perhaps result in broken chasers. In setting up the chasers for rechamfering, first select the chaser of a set having the foremost thread oot at the chamfer. Second, set up the chaser in a fixture so that in grinding, the flanks of the chamfered teeth will con- verge as shown, thus indicating that the chamfer has proper clearance. It is good practice to observe the amount of clear- ance on the chaser before regrinding so it can be duplicated readily. The amount of clearance is, to a certain extont, dependent upon the nature of material being threaded, ‘The amount of clearance on the chamfer of the milled type of chaser is approximately 4° to 1° more than. the die angle measured on the helix of the chaser. For tapped chasers, clearance should be slightly more than the circumferential clearance. When threading aluminum the amouat of clearance should be double that for other materials. curt Face a J ket wREAD ROOT ‘E i} ZORRECT CHAMFER cLeARance — CONVERENG eee FLANKS. A a ss be determined by cesses and doe nl vege gegina ot easingSHARPENING CHASERS (Continued) Grinding Cutting Face On the preceding pages we have stressed the importance of grinding chasers, especially milled chasers, principally at the chamfer. However, chasers must also be resharpened occa- sionally on the cutting face. With milled chasers rechamler first, Should the cutting edges show dull- ness, then touch up the cutting face lightly, removing only .002" to .003"" ‘Tapped chasers can be resharpened on the cutting face much more freely. When threading to a shoulder with tapped chasers it is usual to do most of the re- sharpening on the cutting face but they should be rechamfered if the chamfered teeth are badly wora. Tt is important that the width of the land or thickness of cutting edge should be uniform on all chasers of a set or the load of cutting will be thrown entirely upon, the thicker chaser or chasers, resulting in unsatis. factory throads. Never grind chasers free hand. Always use a grinding fixture or grind them on a surlace grinder equipped with a suitable work holder. The usual procedure is to employ a magnetic chuck on a surface grinder thus enabling you to resharpen all chasers of, a set at one setup, This, of course, insures equal resharpening of all chasers. Before setting up, be sure you know what face grind should be employed. Use the chart on the opposite page as a guide. yy al VIII a . € \__ Ghasier le incorrect Result of uneven grinding. Cutting edge A is thinner than others, Grinding « complete sot of chaser if tunlace grinder with magnet The illustration shows how milled chasers con- tact the work. Note the "Bearing Area." As soon, as this area is removed by grinding back the cut ting face, chasers will chatter. Therefore it is im- portant that the cutting face of milled chasers be ground only lightly —a few thousandths of an inch at any one resharpening. Sometimes a tooth here or there is broken. Often these broken teeth may be ground out. Care should bbe taken not to disturb flanks of teeth adjoining the broken tooth, BEARING AREA A oon LU | REMOVING BROKEN TOOTH BY GRINDINGCHASER FACE GRINDING CHART DIE HEAD CHASERS — RIGHT HAND CHASERS — Use this Chart. LEFT HAND CHASERS — Use this Chart. ‘TAPER DIE HEAD CHASERS Use same Grind as for Straight Thread Chasers, MULTIPLE THREAD MILLED CHASERS Instructions furnished with each set of Chasers. boast ALL OTHER DIE HEAD CHASERS Instructions furnished upon request. The Cutting Face Grinds specified are approximate and due to conditions may have to be varied to obtain best results ‘STRAIGHT RADIAL HOOK init mone mm me Goeame E are. x ‘ied Foo and Tapped Form Matec Matai [BreicheTiseed | Tore Theed | Siaigh Tend | Taper Ts luminum —Cast___5* Radial Hook | 10" Radel Hock | Magaesivn [g>Radat Hock | 10° Re BAlominum —Die Cast 5° Raal Honk | 10" Rail Hook | Monel Metal YOneat | Rook Aluminum —Red 5" Radial Hook | 10° Reda Hook Is Heok 10" Hook ‘uminan —Samping 5° Radial Hook | 10° Radial Hook 5 Seub Soxb Baka 5 8 Sob lorBock |S Hook Hook Staisht roeHeck | 5 Hook > Saab Saab | Seel— Cast Ore | Hook Brew —Forging (il Hook Hock | Sieel —Cerb, SRE 1010-1085 [10° Hook Hook Beats armsce [5 Hock | Stni Carb. SAE 1012-xi540 10" Hook | 5° Hock Brus—fingl0rHook —)S* Hook | Stel — Cech. SAE 000 1085 Hook | 10° Hook Beat — Nav os Hock |S Hook SKE TisG0-71360 |15° Hook | 10° Hook Bronce —B NO" Hock |S" Hook Chrome SAE 5120-52100 | 15° Hook | 10" Hook Bronse — Cat Stalaht Ven, SAE GIIS- [15° Hock | 10" Hook Bronce —Cat Aluminum [O" Hook | 5° iss Bronte —Mengenere{10"Hook [5 Stee! — Forging stick [10° Hook Brome —Neval io Hook |S Sicel —Mapidenuim SAE 4190- [15"Hook | 10" Hook Bronte —Fhorphor —(lOt Hook [57 00 Bienes —Teblag "Hook = 5° Swel — Wiha SAE 2015-2515 |15* Heo | 10" Hook Cainlid Staite Siright || Stal —Wi-Chrome SAE 9115-3450|15" Hook | 10" Hook Covree petRa p30 Rol Hx) it — Mtny 1S Hook |10° Hook Stoo! — Staines 1S Hock | 10" Hook Everdor Ho Steel Stag IsrHeck | 5 Hock Bice I Saeb Seb | Stet — Toot IsrHeak | 0" Hook Iron — Cast Staight | Staight | Stel —Tabiag 5 Hock horook | s* Hook | Steel Semi Cartig Staish Hoe Hock |S Hook | Zine —Die Casing s° Baca Hook {10° Racial Hosk 2RESHARPENING FIXTURES ‘The accuracy of finished threads is largely depend. ent upon the precision with which chasers are cham- fered. Uneven chamfers throw the cutting on one or two chasers of a set. That means lead errors, taper threads, poor threads. You can't get uniform and accurate chamfers by grinding free hand. They can, however, be easily achieved with the chaser grinding fixtures described on this and the opposite page Should the Style A Fixture be used with #i«” DS, 5" K Chasers or %s"" EJS Chasers, special Holders as shown in Figure 3 are required. The Holder shown can be used for the 4s" DS or the Ya” K. (The Chas. ers located on the key with the He” DS; forced against the key with the %"" K) Still another holder of similar design is required with Ys” EJS Chasers, None of these special Holders are included with the Style A Fixture but must be purchased at a slight additional Cost Style A Fixture Milled, Ground and Supermetric Die Head Chasers, may be rechamfered with the Geometric Style A. Chamfer Grinding Fixture. The graduations permit setting the Fixture Table to desired angle of chamfer clearance. Both right and left hand chasors can be re- chamfered — the Table being tilted down for right hand chasers, and up for left hand chasers. Figure 1 is a side view of Style A Fixture. An adjust able stop governs the position of the chaser in respect to the grinding wheel. The adjustable stop has ends of varying height. Use low end whenever possible. This adjustable stop must contact the teeth at back end of chaser. In operation the key in the top of the Fixture engages the keyway in D type chasers and acts as a guide while grinding, Clearance should be allowed between the adjustable stop and the botiom of D type chasers. ‘With K type chasers the bottom of chaser should be located against that side of the adjustable stop which has been milled out for clearance for the chaser pin. Clearance should be allowed between the key and front plate bearing of K chasers. Figure 2 is Style A Fixture from the opposite side. ‘The graduations permit swiveling the Fixture Table to desired angle of chamfer. Both short and long chamfers may be produced by setting table the desized angle, ie., 45°, 33°, 22°, and 15°. To use the Fixture, first set at the proper chamfer clearance angle. (See Fig. 1.) Lock in place by means of hexagon nut. Next swivel the table to desired chamfer angle locking the table in place by means of thumb screw. The Fixture is, of course, securely fastened to the table of the grinding machine. ‘The usual grinding procedure is shown in Fig. 3. The chaser is fed forward by hand against the side of the wheel until it contacts the adjustable stop. Grind the other members of the set at the same setting to insure uniformity of chamfer. It is possible to feed the machine table forward in which case the chaser is held firmly against the adjustable stop on the Fixture, the table being fed forward to a stop arranged on the machine. 34 ce |) ! GEOMETRIC STYLE “E’ UNIVERSAL CHASER GRINDING FIXTURE Here's a Universal Fixture that’s inexpensive, simple and compact, yet one which, while designed primarily for grinding all types of Chasers on the chamfer, can also be used for grinding the cutting face. Milled, Ground and Supermetric Chasers with a flat chamfer, Tapped Chasers with a concave chamfer, Collapsing Tap Chasers with a convex chamfer, all may be easily and quickly reground by making a few changes in the sot-up of the Fixture and Holders. Both Right and Left Hand Chasers may be sharpened with equal ease. special features The Style E Fixture can be used with most universal grinding machines. A Swivel Plate permits the Chaser Holder to be offset to give the proper chamfer clearance to Tapped (Hobbed) Chasers or Collapsing Tap Chasers. This plate is equipped with Opposed Adjusting Screws for providing fine adjustment which may be readily made and then locked solidly in place, thus permitting the easy duplication of grinds, The tongue and groove method of locating the Chaser Holder on the Slide Bar gives an accurate location and sturdy support. a sae se 4 complete unit The Fixture is a complete unit in itself. One Chaser Holder for one tool size of Geo- metric Chaser is furnished with every Fixture at no additional cost. Additional Chaser Holders for Geo- metric Chasers can be obtained at a nominal charge. (See page 38) For grinding other makes of Chasers, blank Chaser Holders can be furnished which can readily be altered by the user. simple to use It is a very simple matter to use this Fixture, It is easy to set for the distinct type of Chaser you wish to sharpen, being equipped with readily visible scale readings and when once set, all the Chasers of the set can be uniformly reground without again altering the setup, need not be an expert One of the big advantages of this Fixture is that any mechanic can quickly and easily set up the Fixture and adjust if, thus making unnecessary the employment of a special grinding expert all chasers should be sharpened To obtain the best results from any Chasers they should be sharpened frequently and before they become dull, If accuracy and production per set of Chasers are desirable, then the Chasers must be ground accurately on both the cutting face and chamfer, (Milled, Ground and Super- metric Chasers, however, must be ground only lightly on the cutting face. (Seo pages 32 & 37) Unequal grinding of the Chasers in a set causes the Chasers fo cut umevenly and poor threading results are inevitable. Chasers should never be ground by hand. uniform grinding We have just pointed out the dangers of hand grinding, or machine grinding not uniformly done. With the Geometric Universal Grind- ing Fixture, once the Fixture is adjusted all the Chasers ina set are bound to be uniformly reground. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE chamfering milled, ground and supermetric chasers () With the Radius Scale marked "Dies", the Base Scale “B” Fig. 1, and the Slide Bar Locking Screw all facing toward you insert Slide Bar into fixture, (2) Clamp the suitable Chaser Holder in position as Shown in Fig. 1, using the inner screw hole in the Slide Bar with the head of Wing Screw in Holder toward you. Insert the Chaser Stop at the left of the Holder, (8) Set the Slide Bar so that its center line (at “A” Fig. 1) is at zero and lock it tightly. Radius Scale not used for Milled, Ground and Supermetric Chasers.) (4) Insert the Chaser with chamfer up in the Holder, bringing the threaded end against the Chaser Stop and lock in position by means of the Wing Screw in Chaser Holder. “D" Type Chasers should be located 38.a The Keys are r0- versed in the Holders when grinding 5/16" and 9/16" "K"" Type Chasers and removed entirely for all larger sizes of “K’' Chasers. To follow or duplicate the original grind as to chamfer, adjust the Machine until the contact between the periphery of the Grinding Wheel and chamfer will produce the desired angle of chamfer. (6) The Swivel Plate should now be set to an angle (See B, Fig. 1) which will coincide with the original chamfer cleazance angle of the Chaser, and locked in place by means of the Wing Screw (See C, Fig. 1). Be sure Offset Plate Locking Screws (See D, Fig. 1) are tight before any grinding is done. (No Otiset Plate adjustment required for Milled, Ground and Super- metric Chasers.) (6) Feed the Chaser forward carefully against the Grinding Wheel by means provided on the Machine and at the same time pass the Chaser back and forth across the periphery of the Wheel, grinding very lightly to see that the chamfer clearance is correct. K Stop on the Machine, or other suitable means, should be provided so that all Chasers of the set will ‘be ground an equal amount. chamfering tapped die head chasers () With the Radius Scale marked “Dies”, the Base Sale "'B" Fig. 1, and the Slide Bar Locking Screw all facing toward you insect the Slide Bar into fixture (See Big. 2) (2) Clamp the suitable Chaser Holder in position as shown in Fig. 2, using the inner screw hole in the Slide Bar with the head of Wing Screw in Holder toward you, Insert the Chaser Stop at the left of the Holder. (3) Set the Slide Bar so that the reading on the Radius Scale marked "Dies" (A, Fig. 2) will equal as nearly fas possible half of the minor (roc!) diameter of the thread. See page 69 for method of figuring minor diameter. (4) Sot the Slide Bar so that its center line (At " Fig. 2) is at zero and lock it tightly. E" 36 (8) Insert the Chaser with chamfer up in the Holder, Bringing the threaded end against the Chaser Stop and lock in position by means of the Wing Screw in Chaser Holder. "D" Type Chasers should be located on the Key provided in the Chaser Holder. The Keys are reversed in the Holders when grinding 9/16” “K"" ‘Type Chasers and removed entizely for all larger sizes of "K" Chasers. (6) To follow original grind as to chamfer, adjust the Machine until the contact between the periphery of Grinding Wheel and chamfer will produce the desired angle of chamfer. (See Fig. 2.) (7) Loosen two Otfset Plate Locking Screws (At “B” Fig. 2) and adjust Ollget Plate by means of Adjusting Screws (See C, Fig. 2) to proper amount (use Scale at D, Fig. 2) to provide for proper clearance on chamfer. With the Slide Bar as shown in Fig. 2 the direction of offset chould be away from you for Right Hand Chasers, and towards you for Left Hand Chasers. If figures are unavailable judge amount of offset by original clearance on Chasers being reground. Once having obtained correct chamfer clearance, lock Off. set Plate in position by means of Offset Plate Locking Screws (See B, Fig. 2) (8) Feed the = Shacersiorvard "Se ccarefullyagainst the Grinding Wheel by means provided on the Machine and at the same time zock the Chaser back and forth across the peri- phery of the Wheel, grinding very lightly to see that the chamfer clearance is correct. A Stop, or other suit- able means, should be provided on the Machine so that all Chasers of the set will be ground an equal: amount. The width of the Wheel at the periphery ‘ust be thin enough so that it is suitable for the radius on the Chaser. chamfering collapsing tap chasers ()) Insert the Slide Bar with the Radius Scale marked “Taps” and Base Scale (B, Fig. 1) towards you and with the Slide Bar Locking Screw away from you. Gee Fig. 3) (2) Clamp the suitable Chaser Holder in position as showa in Fig. 3, using the Inner Screw Hole in the Slide Bar with the head of Wing Screw in Holder away from you. (9) The Chaser Stop is not used with Holders for "S” Chasers for 1” to 2” tap sizes inclusive, nor with Holder for 34’ "SL" Chasers. Set the Chasers firmlyagainst the Angle Plate in the Holder. The Angle Plate ‘ust be set so the threaded portion of the Chaser is vertical and to the leit. When using these Chaser Holders the reading on the Radius Scale marked “Taps” (See C, Fig. 3) should always be set at 16”. When this is done set the Slide Bar so tha ils center line is at zero and lock it tightly. (4) For Chasers larger than 2” Tap size insert the Chasor Stop at the left of Holder (no Angle Plate in Holder being required). Insert the Chaser with the chamfer up in the Holder bringing the threaded end against the Chaser Stop and lock in position by means of the Wing Screw in Chaser Holders With these Chaser Holders the Slide Bar should be set 0 at the reading on it will equal as nearly as possible half of the major (outside) di- ameter of the thread. When this is done set the Slide Bar so that its center line is at zero and lock it tghtly. (8) To follow the original grind as to chamfer adjust the Machine until the contact between the periphery of the Grinding Wheel and chamfer will produce the desired angle. (See Fig. 3.) (6) Loosen two Offset Plate Locking Screws (At B, Fig. 3) and adjust Otfset Plate (use Scale—See D, Fig. 2) by means of Adjusting Screws (one shown at D, Fig. 3) so that original chamfer clearance may be mainiained. With Slide Bar parallel to the Wheel as, shown in Fig. 3 the direction of offset should be away irom you for Right Hand Chasers and towards you for Left Hand Chasers. If figures are unavailable, judge amount of offest by original clearance on Chasers being reground. Once having obtained correct cham- fer clearance, lock Otiset Plate in place by means of, Olfset Plate Locking Screws (See B, Fig. 3) (2) Feed the Chaser forward carefully against the Grinding Wheel by means provided on the Machine and at the same time rock the Chaser back and forth ‘across the periphery of the Wheel, grinding very lightly to see that the chamfer clearance is correct. A Stop, or other suitable means, should be provided ‘on the Machine so that all Chasers of the set will be ground an equal amount. chamfer angle setting gage A simple device used for seting the grinder to the desired angle of chamfer on any of the Chasers here- tofore mentioned is a Setting Gage that can be obtain- edata slight additional chai Set Gage to desired angle of chamfer. Clamp Chaser in Chaser Holder and place the Setting Gage on top of Chaser with the swivel ond towards peripher ofGrinding Wheel. as Adjust the Ma- chine until both points of | swivel end of Setting Gage contact the wheel, Be sure Grinding Wheel is not in motion. CUTTING FACE GRINDS Itis quicker and iore convenient to grinda complete set of Chasare at a imo on the cutting face, making use of a magnetic chuck tilted to the desired angle. The Style “E’ Fixture, however, can be used for face grinding if desired, even though it is primarily only 2 Chamior Grinding Fixture. grinding the cutting face of die head chasers Chasersused in Holders for” size Die Head Chasers ox smaller, are ground with the Holders mounted in a vertical position as shown in Fig, 4. Reverso the Key Plate (B, Fig. 4) in the Chaser Holder, if necessary, 50 that the Chaser can be clamped with the thread up as illustrated. Set the Slide Bar so that straight, snubbed or hooked cut fing face can be ground as de- Sired. Gradua- tions are pro- purpoee, Gao, purpose. (See. Fig. 4) Food the Chaser against the side of the wheel by means provided on the Panes Machine, passing it hack and forthasitis being ground. Chasers used in Holders for Die Head Chasers sizes larger than 34” are ground with the Chaser Holders mounted in a horizontal position as shown in Fig. 8. It is necessary to use the Key in these Holders for “D” Chasers, but it musi be removed for °K" Chasers. Fasten Stop Plate (B, Fig. 5) to Holders to suit Right or Left Hand Chasers: Set the Slide Bar so that straight, snubbed oF hooked cutting face can be ground as desired. Gradu- ations. aro pto- jed for this purpose. (See A, Fig: 8) Insert the Chasers in the “Holder ringing the threaded end against the Stop Plate, Feed the Chaser against 37the side of the Wheel by means provided on the Ma- chine, passing it back and forth as itis being ground. A Stop, or other suitable means, should be provided on the Machine so that all Chasers of a set will be ground an equal amount. Milled Ground and Supermetric Chasers should be ground palacipally on the chamfer, but can be touched very lightly 62 the cutting face oscasionally. grinding the cutting face of collapsing tap chasers Chasers used in Holders up to and including 2” Tap size are ground with the Chaser Holders mounted in a vertical position as shown in Fig. 6. Set the Angle Plate in the Chaser Holder so that the Chaser can be clamped with the threads horizontal as illustrated. Set the Slide Bar so that straight, snubbedorhook- ed cutting face can be ground as desired. Graduations are provided for this (Gee A, Fig. 6) Feed the Chaset against the side of the Wheel by means provided on the Machine, passing it back and forth as itis being ground. A Stop, or other suitable means, should be provided on the Machine so that all Chasers of the set will be ground an equal amount. ‘Chasers used in Holders larger than 2" Tap size are ground with the Chaser Holders mounted in a hori- zontal position as shown in Fig. 7. Fasten the Stop Plate (See B, Fig. 5) to Chaser Holder to suit Right or Left Hand Chasers. Set the Slide Bar so that straight, snubbed or hooked cutting face can be ground as desired. Graduations are provided for this purpose. (See A, Fig. 7) Insert the Chas- erin the Holder, bringing the threaded end against the Stop Plate. Feed the Chaser against the side of the Wheel by means provided on the Machine, _pass- ing it back and forth as it is being ground. A Stop, or other suitable means, should be provided on the Machine so that all Chasers of the set will be ground an equal amount. specifications ‘The Geometric Universal Chaser Grinding Fixture is furnished complete, together with only one Chasez Holder, at list price. In placing orders be sure to specify the Chaser Holder you require, as well as 38 any additional Holders which may be necessary and ‘which are furnished at additional cost. CHASER HOLDERS Aseparate Chaser Holder is required for each differ- ent size of chaser blank. Avoid mistakes by ordering by Chaser Holder number (see list below). The illustra. tion above shows the four general types of Holders. Holders for He!" to %4”” Die Head Chasers inclusive. Note Removable Plate with Key. Holders for 1” and larger Die Head Chasers. Note Removable Key, Holders for %” to 2’ Tap Chasers inclusive. Note Adjustable Angle Plate Holders for 2/4” and larger Tap Chasers. ‘Specify Chaser Holders by number and avoid mistakes. Regarding Special Short Holders soe page 38) recommended chamfers A long chamfer should be used on all Chasers wher- ever it is possible to do so. While a 2-thread chamfer is usually satisiactory, on certain tough materials a Sithread, or even longer chamfer, will give better results. A short, Lthread chamfer, is usually used where the thread is cut close to a shoulder, but even under such circumstances itis often possible to use a 14 thread chamfer. Remember that the longer the cchamier the less will be the stress thrown on the first full tooth of the Chasers. ‘suger! (gs, |S] natant "Thread Ferme “Taree Forme T = 35 In as = 2 a is 3 is.4 In designing the Style "E” Grinding Fixture, we had to keep in mind the necessity of resharpening all ‘Geometric Chasers from the %s” EJS to the 3%” D, from the %” SL to the 6" S. Thus the Fixture had to be large enough and high enough to give proper clear PRINCIPAL SPECIFICATIONS OF STYLE ances for resharpening all these types of Chasers. “SPECIAL SHORT HOLDERS—Whenclearanceson machine will not permit the regular Holders to be used, contact us Yegarding possibility of using shorter Holders, PIXTURE To determine if the Style “E" Fixture can be adapted to a Grinding Machine, consult the following tables, which ive the clearance needed for the type of Chasers being sharpened, and the angle of chamfer desired ‘WHEEL POSITION roR GRINDING CHAMFER | wumrt sos:tiow ror oRiNEiNe Sinensron on" | Comnine Pace 1 Ghamier | Chair | oo Ghamis |W Ghani BaansTO t {- 6" eye ele pe tele Te ie ce . ed | of ase [ow | ow on" | om] earion fron] a 1 pinerasion "0" “9. “| 9% ion on ow” fave Janse = | Sohne {wtf mala ler aeeanr 1 ion} 064 ron] ed ow ne | es: [on] exior | en-fiox-howhow-honr| ben nae eat ls ae a [oxrher foe bom on ono |x ow awh tt : fro. oH") 108 ‘howe fare ie haw fawn nae fia") ye. basen. pow relief aw fave} | | "*Disensons iva are fot Regular Chars. For Pofcon ot Ove 39INCORRECT BEARING If chasers have too heavy bearing they will rub too hard producing taper or rough threads or causing chaser breakage. Milled form chasers may be cor- rected by grinding the cutting face by .002"" to .003"" increments, ‘When there is not enough bearing, the chasers should be lapped to provide more. For lapping a mixture of fine emery and oil is applied before engaging the teeth. Note in Fig. 1 below that the teeth at chamfer ends are fully en- gaged: Rear teeth do no cutting so no harm is done if not lapped. Referring to Fig. 2, tip chaser "'B" slighily, and lap cutting edge of both chasers, as in Fig. 3, taking care not to twist chaser “'B’'. Take only about eight strokes, then test for results. Further lapping may be necessary, however too much can ruin thread form or cause other troubles. ‘Tapped chasers aze almost always lapped in a die head. Milled chasers may also be lapped in a die head but usually by hand. Chasers are lapped in a die head by running lap in reverse direction. It is recommended that the lap used be a good sample. If necessary to make a lap be sure to obtain a good thread, Fine emery and oil are also used for a lapping com- pound, tension is applied by closing the die head slightly on the lap. Very few turns of the lap are required and be careful not to lap too much, Clean chasers and die head thoroughly after lapping and before using to cut a thread. TT) [AT SHADED PORTION Bearing is the point of contact be: Rreea the cutting Dpolat and the work Piece fost beck of Beccutting edge CHASERS TOO KEEN One of the causes for stripped threads not covered elsewhere is that the chasers may be too keen. In this case dull the chaser teeth at the chamfer. This is usu- ally done by stoning lightly. It is most often, necessary to do this when threading brass and zinc.SHAVING A sot of chasers consists of four or more cutters which together produce the full thread (helical groove) on the work place. To accomplish this, the chasers have to have "'move'” or advance of the teeth from one chaser to the next. “Shaving’” means that not all the chasors are “tracking” properly or fllow- ing exactly in the groove cut by the preceding chaser ‘or chasers. While the thread form on each chaser might be good, the thread they cut, combined, could be too thin or of incorrect form. 79P L IMLUSTRATION OF MOVE ‘The distance is the same from one chaser to the next ina set ‘The more can be measured staring fom any thread 8 long as the corresponding ‘bread is fl lowed through on each succeeding cbs “This deseripton applies to single threads only, pe EFFECT OF SHAVING ON CHASERS The chaser or chasers that are shaving can be detecied by nolng the osting en the cufisg face Sloag the Boat or bak edgen ct he fost Tis Hest fag appears aa 0 narrow basd and indicates that these cutting edges bave been feHing a light shaving ot Chasers may be corrected for shaving by lapping as described on the opposite page. Only the chasers that are shaving are to be lapped. In some cases only one chaser has to be corrected and when rubbing, care should be taken not to pass it across the cutting {face of the mating chaser or this chaser may be forced cout of trackage. ‘With milled chasers take the chaser that is shaving, hhold it in the fingers and force sidewise or twist slight ly in such a manner as to lap the sides of the test, that show frosting. To correct shaving, the lapping will not be carried across the full width of the land, but only along the eutting edge of chaser. ‘Alter lapping remove the frosting from the cutting LEAD ERROR Lead error is usually detected when a finished piece will not pass the gage and a check with a thread com parator or lead indicator shows lead error. The correction of lead errors depends upon the cause. The procedures are either self evident or have been discussed elsewhere, face by stoning lightly with an oil store and cut a sample or two. If the frosting again appears, the chasers must be lapped an additional amount, Tapped form chasers are usually lapped in a die head as described on opposite page. They may also ‘be lapped on a sample held in a vise. Frequently, machine operators stone chasers for shaving. We recommend lapping; but stoning, if expertly done, will correct the condition and may be accomplished much more quickly. Only the sides of jeth showing frosting should be stoned. Stoning should be done lightly and at the sides of teeth along the cutting edge. Use a diamond shaped or kaife- edge stone. However, should it be necessary to correct chasers for lead, it is possible to lap them so that they will produce threads within closer lead limits. In lapping chasers for lead, follow the same general instructions as rubbing chasers for bearing. oe on ) $ Ei Be A simple way to detect laad ezzor without i ments fo place one chaser in the semple tr Chasere 0 sted in respect fo each other when lapping for lead 4BREAKAGE ‘The most frequent threading accident is chaser breakage. Usually we find that the chasers have run into something — we call it “Running into a shoulder.” Tt may not actually be a stioulder, it may be any of the conditions shown on this page, ‘The remedy for actually running into a shoulder is to stop far enough away from the shoulder or Servicing chuck, or to recess the work piece in front of the shoulder, Projection chasers can frequently be used to advantage on shoulder threading. A 5° rake ground on top of the projection is recommended. This rake permits the chasers to cut into the shoulder and are Joss apt to break in event of accidentally striking against one. Ope | |) pe HA ln Banaingintoa shoulder Goazed By oat ef roma eonalton. Running into chuck jews oF ‘work holder Reaning isto ‘shoulder Ih Eula op 0. Permits single int of convect Mihstoulder Runsing into 2 ile Misalignment, heavy bearing, improper face grinds, improper chamiers, atiempting to thread stock not tuned to size prior to threading, improper adjust- ‘ment of chasers to size and conditions peculiar to the work piece may also cause chaser breakage. Some of these conditions are illustrated below. Excessive. misalignment present- \ ing pomibilty of chaser breskage. = [5 “fe Showing why misalignment may ceeuse ‘chaser breskage. Note thet Soe ofthe die head cat an angle fp the axis ofthe work. 2 Attempting te Stock should renovetomick be turned fo cor Baterial with eet taper belore chasers Treading. Stock impror- edly oc of pe 14 im ayer Bitter reokage wt Possibility of chaser breakage Sie fo ae Ponsbiity of / \ | checers bras / eal Smeets | TQ) | ) | Smteens | | ine / 42TAPS Chasers. Collapsing Disassembly Replacement Parts . Setting Up Solid Adjustable . 48-49 taps 41 43COLLAPSING ‘The principle of a Goometric collapsing tap is to conditions for these tools are so similar to those collapse the chasers at the end of the cut, releasing described for self opening Die Heads, that we recom the chasers from the work, thus permitting the return _ mend a thorough reading of the section on ‘"General of the tap without reversing the spindle or following _Instructions'’ pages 6-7. the lead of the thread. The proper care and operating Setting up for Opera’ n 1. INSERTING CHASERS Before you can insert the chasers the cap must be _chaser in the slot stamped No. 1, the No, 2 chaser in removed from the nose of the tool by removing cap _the slot stamped No. 2, and so on. Be sure chasers are screws and the tap should be set into cutting position. _fitted on ribs on plunger. ‘Then insert the chasers in the proper slots: The No. 1 (Shown with chatere im postion) Remove Be sure tap i polling cap scree with the hex kes. Lit off exp, forward on closing handle unt tap locke. 2. ADJUSTING CHASERS TO SIZE The cap should of course be put back on the nose _crometers can be used to set the chasers to size, the of the tool and cap screws inserted. Then you are in adjustment to proper diameter being accomplished a position to adjust the chasers to proper size. Mi- as shown. ‘With a pin ineared in hole of adjusting ring, turn ntl desired thread slae le oblained, Tighten adjusting ring bind Loosen the adjusting ring Binding sorew, using the hex key provided. GLASS-S-TAP 443, SETTING OPERATING STOP The tap must also be set so as to cut the proper length of thread. On a turret lathe and with some rotating tools this usually means the setting ofthe trip, plate so as to contact the work or the work-holding fixture at the proper moment. On some automatic ‘machines a yoke or fork is employed. In setting up a collapsing tap allow at least ¥" for the collapsing action of the tool. In other words, set the trip plate (if used) so that the distance from the front of chasers to trip plate measures at least ‘Ye! Jess than the depth desired. In case of a yoke trip allow a like amount. This is extremely important if tapping to a shoulder or blind bottom. Minor adjustments can be made after the first thread is cut. It is good practice before cutting a thread to reset and trip the tap once or twice by hand to be sure the tool is functioning properly. Loosen the trip ber binding screws with the hex key provided, ‘Move the plate to stop poston. Tighten the trip bar binding serew securely ‘Typical example of how a cllapsing ap ls operated on @ multiple spindle asto- matic screw machine, The collapsing on ad reteling of the lap aze controlled i by adjusting the stops on the tip rod a8 shown, ~] root smhceetom6) 5. PROPER SPEED This subject is covered fully in Seli-Opening Die section. See pages 8-9. 6. PROPER LUBRICANT This subject is covered fully in Self-Opening Die section. See page 10 Disassembly ‘Take off the cap by removing cap screws. Remove the trip plate complete with trip bars by removing the two trip bar screws. Remove the closing handle by Griving out the handle pin. ‘This pin can most easily be driven out from the left when facing front of tap. Next, back out the plunger screw which will release the plunger spring and washer. If the tap has a Morse Taper shank, the tang ‘must first be removed. The tang is threaded into the end of the shank and cross pinned. Then loosen the adjusting ring binding screw and unscrew the adjust ing ring and slide it over the tap shank. If the tap is arranged with a shank bushing or flanged shank, it must be taken off to peimit removal of parts Next remove the closing sleeve trip screw and slide the closing sleeve off the skeleton ring and take it off over the tap shank. When sliding the closing sleeve off theskeleton ingbe sure to hold the pawlunder tension until the closing sleeve is removed, after which the ‘pawl and pawl springs can be released, Note that the ‘continued an nett page 48(Continued from preceding page) pawl has the beveled edge toward the front of the tap, Now back off the two plunger key screws about 34”" from the front face of the skeleton ring. Do not disturb the abutment screw and abutment lock screw located in the back face of the skeleton ring, inasmuch as these control the positive action of the tap and have REPLACEMENT PARTS COLLAPSING been properly set at the factory. The plunger key can now be taken out by pushing it across the tap and this will disengage the skeleton ring which can now be taken off over the tap shank. The plunger can be removed by pushing it out through the front of the tap. To assemble the tap, reverse the sequence of operations, Style S Yifjiilldls PARTS FOR COLLAPSIBLE TAP — STYLE S When ordering repair parts give both number and same of pan also constuction 2 geri sumer of he 05)SOLID ADJUSTABLE GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS Solid Adjustable taps differ from Collapsible Taps in that, while adjustable, the chasers do not collapse in the tap. Like Solid one piece taps they must be backed off the work when in use ‘The same type of chasers are employed in these in Collapsible taps, in fact they are inter- ble size for size. 1g bottoming holes a “'bottoming’” cap smployed which permits the chasers to project or “overhang” slightly beyond the nose of the tap. sasured for sina with a ‘and after adjustment, REPLACEMENT PARTS — STYLE SJ ‘eS wihn tae when ordering) 3, Plonger 4. Adjusting Screws 47Geometric Class § Tap Chasers are interchange- able size for size in all types of Geometric Taps. They may be “regular” or “overhanging"’ chasers. For tapping to a blind bottom or to a shoulder, overhang- ing chasers and a bottoming cap are required. While there are many differences in the problems involved in external and internal threading, many of CHASERS FOR the factors which govern the successful use of Die Head Chasers are also true of Tap Chasers, We there- fore recommend reading the section on Die Head Chasers for the basic principles of their function, operation and care. ‘The information on this and the opposite page how- ever refer specifically to tap chasers. S AND SJ TAPS REGULAR cHASERS OVERHANGING CRASERS SHARPENING CHASERS Nothing contributes more to the production of acct: rate threads, and low cost per thread, than accurate sharpening of chasers. Frequent light grinding or touching up will not only give better threads but will greatly extend the life of the chasers. Partial dullness Ieads to chipping as well as poor threads. Chamf Therefore, to obtain the best results from any chasers they should be sharpened periodically and before they become dull. They should be resharpened by machine using an appropriate grinding fixture. ‘They should not be resharpened free hand. See pages 35 thru 39 for sharpening fixture. fer Grinding CORRECT AND INCORRECT CHAMFERS DEPTH OF CHAMFER po ‘The chamfer should art at root or 010" below the root ofthe checor teeth. All chasers of 8 se Roald be ground at watlomm angle and depth ikateach charer wil start cutting at? Grinding Cutting Face Never grind chasers free hand. Always use a grind- It is important that the width of the land or thickness ing fixture or grind them on a surface grinder _of cutting edge should be uniform on all chasers of a equipped with a suitable work holder. The usual set or the load of cutting will be thrown entirely upon procedure is to employ a magnetic chuck on a surface _the thicker chaser or chasers. grinder which permits resharpening all chasers of a Before selting up, be sure you know what face set at one set-up. This, of course, insures equal grind should be employed. Use the chart below as resharpening of all chasers. a guide, TAP CHASER GRINDING CHART FOR FACE GRINDING ONLY ‘The Cuting Face Grinde specitied are approximate and due to conditions may have fo be varied to obtain bet results TAP CHASERS—$ Use this Chart for both Right Hand and Left Hand Tap Chasers, ANGLE STRAIGHT ANGLE. RADIAL Ar 4 A / \ / (Pes LIP HOOK GRINDS | Tomeivoe rine Ft Toor BEYOND THE GeawreR® = g g q g Lip sTRacHT —anaue ADIAL ° HOOK HOOK Hook S "Lip Hook Grinds not recommended for Shoulder or Bottoming Work, inthis case use the same angle but omit the lip — Material Straight Thread Taper Thread | Material Stight Thread Taper Thread ‘Aluminom ~ Cast 20° Radial Hook 20° Rediel Hook | Magnesiom 20° Radial Hock 20° Radial Hook Alominom -Die Cast 20° Radial Hook 20° Radial Hook | Monel Metal 30° Fook 10° Hook Aluminum ~ Rod 20° Radial Heok 20° Radial Hook | Nickel 20° Lip Hook 15" Radial Hook Alominum ~ Stamping 20° Radial Hook 20" Radial Hook | Rubber 5° Hook 5° Hook Bakelite 5° Hook BS Hook Silver ~ German 10° Heok 10° Hook Brass ~Bar 5 Hook 5° Hook Steel ~Bessmr. Ser. Stock 10° Hook 10° Hook Brass — Cast 8° Hook 5 Hock Steel ~ Cas 10° Keck 10° Hook Brose Forging 10° Hook 10° Hook Steel - Carb, SAE 1010-1085 30° Hook 10° Hook 10° Hook 10° Hook Steel ~ Carb. SAE 1112-X1340 10° Hock 10° Hook 10° Hook 10° Hook Steel - Carb. SAE 1040-1085 20° Lip Hook 15° Radial Hook 10° Hook 10° Hook Stoel -Mang. SAE T1330-T1350 20° Lip Hock 15° Radial Hock 10° Hook 10° Hook Steel = Chrome SAE §120-52100 20° Lip Hook 18" Radial Hook 5° Hock S* Hook Steel - Chrome Van. SAE 6115-6195 20° Lip Hook 18° Rediel Hock Bronze —Cast Aluminum 10° Hook 10° Hook Steel ~Forsing 20° Lip Hook 18" Feil Hook Bronze -Manganese 10° Hook 10° Hook Steel ~ Molybdenum SAE 4120-4820 20° Lip Hook 18 Radial Hook Bronze — Navel 10° Hook 10° Hook Steal Nickel SAE 2015-2515 20° Lip Hook 15° Redial Hock Bronzo ~ Phosphor 10° Fook 10° Hook ‘Steel NicChrome SAE 3115-3450 20° Lip Hook 18" Radial Hock Bronze - Tubisg 10° Hock 10° Hook 20° Lip Hook 18" Radial Hook Calilosd 5° Hook 5° Hook 20° Lip Hook 18" Radial Hock Copper 20° Lip Hook 20° Radial Hook Steel ~ Stamping 20° Lip Hook 15° Rediel Hook Everdur 10° Hook 10° Hook Steel — Tool 20° Lip Hook 15° Radial Hook Bre 5 Hock 5° Hook Steel Tubing 20° Lip Hook 5° Hook ros ~ Ca 5° Hook 5° Hook Stee] ~SemiCasting 5° Hook 3° Hook Iron ~ Malleable 10° Hook 10° Heck 2ine ~ Die Casting 20° Radial Hook 20° Radia! Hook Iron — Wrongit 10° Hook 10° Hook50 Pesan Anes AVAL aad Allowance. An intentional difference in the dimensions of mating parts. It is the minimum Clearance or the maximum interference which {s intended between mating parts. Angle of Thread. The angle included between Sides of thread, measured in an axial plane. Axis of Screw. The longitudinal central line through the sorew from which all corresponding parls are equally distant. Base of Thread. The bottom section of a thread the greatest section between the two adjacent roots. Basic. The theoretical or nominal, standard size from which all variations are made. Crest. The top surface joining the two sides or flanks of a thread. Crest Clearance. The space between the crest ofa thread and the root ofits component. Depth of Thread. In profile, distance between crest and base measured norinal to the axis. Engagement, Depth of. The radial distance between crests of mating parts. Engagement, Length of. The length of contact between two mating parls measured axially. Helix Angle, The angle made by the helix of the thread at the piteh diameter with a plane perpendicular to the axis. Lead. The distance a screw thread advances azially in one turn, (See Thread.) Lead Error. The variation from basic lead. Limits, The extreme dimensions which are Preveribed to provide variation in ft and work. manship. Major Diameter. On a straight screw thread the major diameter is the largest diameter of the sorew or nut Minor Diameter. On a straight screw thread the smallest diameter of the screw or aut. NAVAN ANG Aes ATV AVANNN a ANA UP NDADADN aso ous ‘Neutral Zone. A positive allowance clearance, (Gee “Allowance.””) Number of Threads. The number of threads in one inch of length. Equals 1/pitch. Pitch. The distance from a point on a screw thread to a corresponding point on the next thread measured parallel to the axis. Pitch Diameter. On a straight screw thread the diameter of a cylinder where the width of the thread and the width of the space between threads is equal. Root. The bottom surface joining the sides of two adjacent threads. Screw Thread. A ridge of uniform section in the form of a helix on the external or internal surface of a cylinder, or as a conical spiral on the external or internal surface of a cone. Side or Flank of Thread. The surface of the thread which connects the crest with root. Taper Thread. A thread on which the pitch diameter is increased by some constant ratio fas on the American Standard Taper Pipe Tap. ‘Thread, Single. A thread in which lead is equal to pitch. Double. A thread in which lead is ‘equal to twice the pitch. Triple. A thread in which lead is equal to three times the pitch, Quadruple. A thread in which lead is equal to four times the pitch. Straight Thread. A thread on which the pitch Giameter is the same from one end to the other. ‘Thread, V. A theoretical form of thread having 0° angle and sharp top and bottom. Useful only as a basis for laying out other thread forms. Tolerance. Tae amount of variation permitted in the size of a part, A tolerance may be ex: pressed as plus oF minus, or both.Adoptod by the National Screw Thzead Commission and for metly known as “United States Standard’ this form of threed the most common in the United States and one ofthe ot widely tured thread forms im the world. There are two slandard series ia commercial use —NC (National Coarse) and NF (National Fine) ‘Threade of this form act included in the NC end NF series are i f 1549519p, or 6 8H? = Dep tices pr lack Gigied at NS Gaonel Spec, cise a h Ea P a h Pp a Tea 0313 2500 18 O36I 0556 4 _[ eas are 2222, 20 0305 0500 5 1299 0250_—[ 2000 2a om oar 6 1083. 0208 1667 28 0232, 0357, 7 0928 0179 1429 32, 0203 0313. 8 0812, 0186, 1250 36 0180 0278 9 0722, 0139 ib 40 0162 0250. io 0650 0125 000 aa 148 0207 1 0590 olla 0909 a8 0133 is 0208 12 sai ‘0104 | 0833 56 oie 5 0179 13 0500 0096 0768 64 101 0020 0186 14 “0464 | 0060 ona 72 0000 0130 16 “0406 0078 0625 30 008 0016 0125 can National standards, is available on request. HELIX ANGLES (BASED ON PITCH DIAMETER) UNIFIED THREADS Inasmuch as the Unified Thread is essentially the same as the American National Thread (differing only in product limits), Geometric tools are capable of producing either standard as there are adjustment facilities in all Geometric Tools whereby the pitch diameter of all threads produced can be controlled . . . Our handbook "SCREW THREADS" which covers classes of threads in both Unified and Ameri [Thread Size Helix [Turead Sie Helix |] Thread Size Helix [[ Thread Size Helix | #0—80 #23" | ¢8—32 3°58" || %e—20 23" 4137" [eiser ar |e e—36 3°28" || 4 13 19257 B_ OST #1—m 387 | oa 39" || 4 = 20 2s" 4146" #2—86 4°22" | i032 3°21" || 12 1°16" 80°51" e2—64 3°45" | aiz—ma 1 || 18 Bad" 41°36" #348 426" | ai2—28 3°22" | — 1 ro B_oa7" #386 343" | “—20 411 || %—18 Par 41°29" #4—40 445" || %~—28 2°52" || _%—10 seas aurea z4—48 351 || %—18 3°40" || %—16 21s" 4 1167 5-40 #1 | ur 2°40" || %— 9 1 8 quale #5—4 3°45" Soa | Ae 2 #6—32 4°50" Fu i — 8 2h 4% 155" #6—40 3°44" 3°20" || 1 —14 Ey 81AMERICAN NATIONAL AND UNIFIED STANDARD SIZES Bad Major Serge 7 Se brome Lar eon yo aw ew | te oe 800 [sone | [— 0730 a [—2 | { t 0860 35 — t 0980 8 38 | t | | 1120 <0 | | t 280 ‘oat t t I 1 a 1380 3 ‘ot 6 1640 32 35 | | 10. 2900 24 [32 | | 12 2160 2 8 1 1 | | % 2500 2 a t [7 sis ie “3 [or % 3150 icant 32 1 or The ‘on 1 20 a 1 ar % 5000 See cee eee or om Ur ‘5598 [te a a % ‘30 i | 1 2 Ti 8878 24 fesmmceta 7% 700 wie [ae in ais i a i 16 K 510 z i 2 [36 ‘fe 3378 2 i 16 T 100 ae a i ee We 1.0626 i [1 a 16 Tg [7 a80 T i 18. stat eT Tie Ties 18 i 161 r 1.2800 7 iz ee 1 1312s [1s —1 jr 16 re 13760 é iz 168 7 161 Te Las, T 1. i 161 Te 15000 = z ie} 16 i Wie 1.3825 | [ois 16 1% 18250 18. z iene [eer ete! Sees) 1s 16835 18 1 —_ x 175007 = 16 z i 16 1g 18135 i i 1 16 Th 1805 [aa as 2 2.0000 mt ie ea 2h 3.005, t fascoreel 2 21250, i a zs 2 pc | | t 16 2y 2.2500 a | oa 2 23125 1 — 234 23780) t i is Bis 2a 1 1 1 t ist 28 25000 z T 7a 2 28350) 12 16] % 7500. z i a 23 2.8150 | | 2 is 3 3.000 z sa 3) 31250, t T zs 3) 3.2500, z oa is 3H 33750 i | I 12 ig 3 35000. z [as a 35h 3.6250 ie 16 3 3.7500. a eae anes 16 3h 3.5150 T T iiss ooo 4 0000. — I sl 16 —t cA 7425001 i ae ae 5000. | iz} 16 T aa “4750 { Tz 16 + ‘0000 t i rs 16 5 5.250 1 t | [8 16 3 5.5000. | 2 16 38 ‘5.1500 I { i 16 6 6.0000 i 1 i 6 [Bold type indicates Unfed tread. 52‘CLASSES 3A AND 3 EXTERNAL THREAD LIMITS oo ase aa ED CASEY TSN WATTORAL ee Pick Dames | obitiy aor Diner Pics Dianes | phe a “o 2. ooo | 0888 ‘ono, 0806 cour || 0600 ses ‘ona | 0506 ou i Ca S| oa] | eo] er] z eo eat | as | — ore — aps a eats | oa [ar ra i aa | — eset | Te a aa —[ toes [ et | wae ie [—tear_[ ess [000 Tor [ tes ies] a iz ae] ats es | tena [ane ‘oat —leon [aes | a i ae [ war [aa [ rae sea mee] | i Sat] ee et ana] a] 2 sen5 | seit] soe | 3005 sis | —s0ee_| _soua_| 4005 esas [eae Sa_[ me [aa z so ant | ans | aes] ar Ifo | no | ee fees] seater seo | toes [soo [0 |e z Tae [see | nearer] a5 oom ose | ne] a cz 31350, Tee Tomar T0366 3a T1380 T1080 Toa T0263 a7 ae ee eo « aso [ bate [a ae | hator [is [ao] 1 aaa | a er [ap os See [i ae [atest ao [a sem [aie ST acomee[ eae[nene[2 oo | ret [ser [hee | ae elo ew ae [aoe ae [ ome [sa [ee [a [see “ ies} prea_[ gene [sem | avn [seo [atmo [ase | aera | 2a = "3.0000 zamea | 2.0516 2.8296, 2.6333 "3.0000 | 2.9720 2.8576 ‘zens [2.0833 THE Be see [Sore sees 3 a0 | .am0 [acer | sons ase Se sees] sat ee samo [same [som | azo [same Ese ane san sem | sae [smo [sao see] sem | sa 83PITCH DIAMETER TOLERANCES qe ee ee 2 gee [| See e eee eee | qf guia e gly Bale [a8 G[ela 2 8]a Bale eja[e ae 2 aula 8 Ble ale aie 8[f gle Ga els [ee| e/a 8a ee Bee lg] 8/8 8/8 |8/H |e ele i (ene euee gees i Je Weg R BRE e [if ea a) ee eee] ate Hue ee eee) | | PSG e@eee) OT 5 alnelalaialale| ||| PITCH DIAMETER TOLERANCES FOR EXTERNAL THREADS OF SPECIAL DIAMETERS, PITCHES AND LENGTHS OF ENGAGEMENT, CLASS 3A (UNS and NS Threads) ule ale aie eglee) || i [al ulh ls : : a a 33 (8 l, oF = a BRIS ‘Velie #88 84| [| | Se ee ee eee “tl [| | [a e/g ie eee ae “El u)e/ 8/8 la |e 8B) ee set el a) £3 | fe | 80 [28 ee [oak BB | g | [ad [ey eTe] ss Yea] aa/ aa [a8 ) 88 |38 8 [a8] 8a] e/ 2 | |sue [i] 77) eB YER | 28 2888 2/3/28) 88/88) 42/82 = = AAAS FAA aegis ag | [ng | |8 88/88 |82 | 28 23/38/8898 | 48] #8 Ee Be | ae & EES IERIE aq @ 2 a8! a ga) Se) | H)8 8 | ae a 8 g| #2 | 88/88 | 2 g HELE os a Hla | 33 ule 2/8 2 as le . © £8 [ge [ae lee [ee 7 | «6 gece eye eh ou (8/8 /8 oe #8 HB gg EEE feEy 24 ae /f8 | 28/28 ql foe fae at - 3 Be 88 | 88 8 os {22 fae ee ge #818) ! oe 32 [58 ze BIE = ate ze fe) | Eg #PIPE ” 2 Q a z & = a 2 < 3 = = = woyn] 99s euoqeonyoeds oyeydsto0 205 ig eonmeuoney Kacy. ay OM, ‘wo ponbor oq Seu su O=9U, ORES eos pur ‘popuoray ore eaoqe pogoods Ht 4, ‘orto | cao0 | 600" | 6900" ‘0200 | 0900" | 6900" | 2500" 000 sao ‘600° | 0800" | sz00" | e500" ‘800° | ovo0 | zs00° | seoor 600 rest0" ‘ozoo' | soo: | 1900" | sv00" ‘0g00" | oroa" | roo" | 9coo" uso 90190" coz00 | os00" | to00" | ev00" s00" 7 UisH0" sejoueyp soles 94, 108 e0ceo" soupuy — spony odig youseyuy pup oUs9xg Jo 400y PUP 1s3u9 ENE eae 1008 ddaN— sppedyy odig jpashg puppunys uN2HOWNY _ Ls CeEr nr aehaeerns JAN — sppeiyy odig panpunys unsyowly SQVSYHL did TV3SAUG CNV GUVONVIS NVOWaWV 56THREAD DIMENSIONS S a ee) i Be eel yi @)| i a e a |e e | f ae ‘s0y>u] — spoenyy RE scroye some oy nd oy = 0606 Se fond rceyp sofeur opeg, ao Peon yd yo qydop. sone 8STMULTIPLE THREADS one start ‘Two stanrs SECTIONNA pro SECTION beta SINGLE DOUBLE THREAD THREAD A thread ia A thread in ‘which the lead which the Toad and pitch are fs equal to vo equal, times the pith, anes. sTaRrs Four starts Sern ae te Seer wa peur prow. a ‘TRIPLE oe (QUADRUPLE ‘THREAD THREAD A thread in A thread in which the lend ‘which the Toad fs equal fo three {3 equal fo four times the pith, times the pitch Lead (given in inches) TPL Single | Double | Triple | Quadruple Quintuple] Sextuple [Septuplo| Octane |Nonuplo[Decuple XM 13 | 28 1 [118 [128 [2 218 [2238 13 [318 1/4 1/2 [i 114 Tia 13/42 21/4 (21/72 2479 apa sa 28 1828 T TIS [ 138-138-112 18 Be LT Tie Tai [1 ae 87 [er aaa 5/8 3/4 778 T aie (ye 5 Sil esa (iat 7 Oa ent eV 11170 a B/1l 6/AL TAL o/il | 10/11 (saz | 172 7/1 345; 5/13 6S TAZ 9/s 10/13} 5/4 | 3/7 172 |[— oid S/T 1/3 Ss 2S _ 35 2/3 5/16 iB 7/16 9/16 | 5/8 s/s 3 7/18 1/2 5/9 1/4 10 7/20 | ‘9/20 1/2 8/22, AY 722 | 4 9/22 S/ll 3 4 7/24 8 | 5/12 5/28 714 1/4 __9/28 |" 5/14 | 5/32 16 7732 9732 | S/i6_| $736 176 | 778627918718] e 20| 7a | 18 9a 14] ra2_| 7/44 |__2/ll 9/44 |_ 8/22 8 | 77s | 16 376 8724] 5/86_|3/28_| 178 | 177 9766 |5728| 7/60 | 2/15 "3/20 | 176} =A CRE ta Kt ae WN 7 fn) NOTATION CAL ‘ALLOWANCE OW. WINOR OIAMETER Sp basic depth of thread 1 = thickness of thread. F =0370%p = basic width of lat Fe = 0307p ~ 0.289 X major diam. Yi jy J ler elowence —V// Hy Fe = 05701 ~ 0259 > (ainor dam AE ‘ler tllowance on. tevretch dlometer allowance) F Fr PB F Fr P S107 | 3655 | T0000 | 5% | 1000 [0674 | 062 | 818 2760 | 2728 | 7500 6 ‘0933 |-0618 [0566 | ~1667 2am —|~2419 | 6067 [7 814 [-0530| 0478 | 1429 1854, 1802 | .5000_ 8 0725 0463 [0411 1250, 1483] 1431) .4000_[ 9 -0656 [0412 | 0360_| 2 1236 | 1a 333310 0600 —|:0871 | ~o319 | 1000. 1059/1007 | 2887 [12 (0467-0300 0283 | 0833 0027 [0875 14 (0407 02650239 | ~o714 0824 | 0772 16 363 |:0232 | 0206 | 0625 0741 0689} I SQUARE THREAD TPL (a)[ hallow] F Fe T_ [5100] 4563 | a5 a 1 [3650 | 3422” [3404 “ra (se 1% | 3433 [3041 [3024 1% [2987 [2607 | 2581 2 | 2600 [.2281 | 2264 2% | 2100 | .1825 | .1806 1767 | 1521 | 1803 2 | 1828 | .1304 | 1286 a 1350__[ 1141 | 1123 3 3 4 i, ‘comer 4% | 1211 [1014 | .0996 al 5 1100 [0913 | 0895 | $ 7 3S 8 Tosa titles EE NOTE) 0933] .0761 | .0743 0814 | .0652_| 0634 0728_|.0570_| 0853. os 507 [0980 98 + eescance 70 [:oas6 [0839 {root of screw thread) = 0.4563p — (0.17 X clearance) a [0415 |.0406 ¥ (a wih a a ern f sxe tread) © 4869p TZ a0 [0372 13 “casi_[ 0342 ce shouldbe added fo “2 fo produce ete dent, [Fg ee Cone 0296: 0276 riding interference with threads of mating paris at minor or major | Te" rt. The amount of this clearence must be deterined from the ap pllestion of the d assembly,60° STUB THREAD total depth of fend thicknose ‘ih of fat at cro ‘Allowance 2509 Sie ae frer(a) |b eee ne Fe P TPl(n) | F Fe P a | 2063 | 1123 | .0625 | 0567 | 2500 @ [os | 0503 | 0276 | 0252 | unt 3 | 0866 | 0906 | .0s00 | 0454 | 2000 | 10 | 0433 | .o4s3 | 0250 | .0227 | 1000 @ | 07a | 0765 | oai7 | oar | 1667 | 12 | ser | .0378 | 0208 | o1e9 | .0s 7 [sa | 0647 | 0357 | 0324 | 1420 | 14 | 0300 | .osza | 0179 | .ove2 | oma {8 | opal 0866 | .0313 | .0284 1250 16 l 0271 0283 l 0156 | .0142 0625 29° STUB ACME THREAD Varia p= pitch in inches Ba EEN depth ot thread ~ 3p 24 tet depth ol threed = Bet thoead thickness = 5p F = width of lat at cron! = 42249 "itch Diam FShowance Fe = width oft atroct = 4224p(52 x clearence) 1 = threads per inch aazeep, aa08e rim) | & | h+ | F Fe P Ta) |] h [a+ | F Fe Pp 2 | asoo | 1600 | 2112 | 2060 | 5000 | 7 | 0429 | 0520 | .060s | oss | 1429 2% | 1200 | 1300 | 1690 | 1632 | 4000 | 8 | 037s | 047s | .0s28 | 0476 | .1250 3 | ao00 | 1100 | 1408 | tas6 | 3333] 9 | 0333 | .0433 | ove | on7 | aut 3% | 0887 | 0987 | .1207 | 1188 | .2857 10 | .0300 | .0400 | .o422 | .0370 | .1000 4 | 0750 | .oes0 | 1056 | 1004 | .2500 | 12 | .02s0 | .0300 | .oas2 | 0326 | .0833 5 | 0600 | .0700 | 084s | .o793 | 2000 | 14 | .oaia | 0264 | .os02 | 0276 | o74 6 | .0s00 | .0600 | .0704 | .o6s2 | .1667 16 | .o1se | .o238 | .264 | .o238 | .0625 } + A clearance of at lest 0.010 in is added to h'” on threade of 10pitch and cosreer, and 0.005 in. o= Baer pilches, fo produce extra depth, thes avoiding interference with threads of mating pazt at minor tr major diameters, It is recognized that there are conditions whero a greeter or leser clesrance may be desizebie.| T ci “ss fac Pam | Pic Tinacara] ear. | cman |*RS™ [i | Om | “Sema ear [eran] Maa | 2 % | 10 | @ a Teg [ Tse at 1s [19050-[-$ —[- 2 Yess ae S| 1600-3 7 i |" | 2187_| 28 B 1% | 1.8780 4% 2 20-9 2 | z0000 [ag [Fa 8 + “25 2 [2.12801 avg — & a 2420 | a 8 2 [a 24 [az [a A ie ieee sae af erases] el erievaiare a aes |e 2 Tas a | as00 [aE [3 34 Zia | ae 3 ae $-sanm0 [3418 3 19 34 ais0 | se a i012 34 [33500 -| 314 is st 34-310 Tse @ 3 IT 3ig T3001 ai¢ a IBY sy) emo aie t 3 faces 34 [ amo [3 3 Peel 34 sero] S 2 13750-[ 6 3 [or s0000- [3 6 ‘Standard Bross Threed THREAD DIMENSIONS BRITISH STANDARD (WHITWORTH FORM) ‘This form of thread is used almost exclusively in Great Britain and extensively in the British Dominions, Asia and South America. There are two standard series, the British Standard Whitworth which is a coarse thread series and the British Standard Fine. Threads of this form not included in _ Mason o1aM.(B) PITCH O1AM.(E) the BSW and BSF series are designated simply Whitworth, 28 trend i Dept Thsoteieal VSS" tread MINOR DAMCK) BH = Depth Whitworth form thread 2 Number treads per ines alee buck P = Olt 29p * Radius of erst and root a h r P ie) a aes P a h - Pp 2% | 2846 | o610 | 4444 | 9 | om | oss | sin [| a4 | ores | 0040 | 0204 2% |" 2696 | 0578 | 4210 | to | “0640 | .0137 | 1000 || 36 | 0178 | 0038 | 0278 [2% | 2861 | 0549 [4000_| 11 | 0582/0125 [0900 || 38_|_.o169 | 0036 | 0263 2% | 2439 [0523 |" 3810__|| 12 [0534 | 0114 | 0833 || 40 | 0160 | .0034”| 0250 2% 2328 _| 0499 | 3636 13 0493 | 0106 _| 0769 42 | 0152 | .0033 | 0238 2% | 2227 | 0478 | 3478 || 14 | 0487 | 0088 | 0714 || 44 | .0146 | 0031 | 0227 3 2134 {0488 | 333315] 0427 [0092 | .0667_|[ 46_| 0139 | ,0030_| 0217 ‘3% | 1970 | "0422 [307716 [0400 | .0086_| 0625 |[-48_| 0133 | .0029 | 0208 ‘3% | 1630 [092 [2857 [18 [0356 | 0076 | .0556_|[ 0 | .0128 | .0027 | 0200 [4 ["-16o1 [0343 |-2800__||20_| ~.0320 | 00691050052 | 0123 | 0026 | 0192 aK | 423 0305 |" 2222 2a | 0281 |-.0062 | 0488 —]|86 | 0114 [0028] 0178 [5 1ae1 [0275 | 200024 | 0267 |_.0057_[".0417_] 60, 0107 | 0023 | 0167 3% [164 [0280 |-1eié__|[26 | 0246 | .0083_| 0385 | 64 | 0100 | 0021] 0186 6 |" 1067 [0209 _|Te67_||-28 | 0229 | 0049 | -0357_||_ 68 | 0094} 0020] 0147 7 {"0sis [0196 [1429 || 30_| 0213 | 0046 | .0333 | 72 | 0089 | 0019 | 0139 8 800 | 0172 [1250 |/32__| 0200 [0043 | 03i3_|/ 80 | 000 | 0017 | .o125 aBRITISH STANDARD PIPE THREADS ‘BSPP” — BRITISH STANDARD PIPE PARALLEL (STRAIGHT) ‘BSP” — BRITISH STANDARD TAPER PIPE Note: WHITWORTH FORM [++ TOTAL LENGTH OF THREAD: 3. THREAD CHAMFER -FFECTIVE LENGTH —ow“re “BASIC MAJOR DIAM. AT TARGE END OF RING GAGE FS THIOKNESS OF he THREAD. TING GAGE Pile “ATENO OF PIPE. " > >t rs: ! JUMBER OF THREADS PER INCH NOTE =A cHANCE 3/4" TAI :R FOOT ON DIAM. tae FORMULA: eee CHANGES 'H’ P=PITOH DEPTH OF PIPE THREAD =.0640327P BASIC THREAD DIMENSIONS BRITISH STANDARD PIPE THREAD q/al sili, |g 4 s ills | Ale al fi Hu aa 4 | EL 32s [ate Ee = 4 igxs| 4 | 3 iy ties 1ST a se! a | Be |gigeisze Et £ a esi) 2 | &8 |asd2|a.28 a é i ou [oc (i F e_ae eset aes [ae | ser | ast sare || / eee ie tes 3s |e as | aos toe 3730, 2500 ies 75827135 9055 [ola | snr 1783 [Ter | ost |“ Tstz3 [5000 | ease | Ts3008 |: 7a4s | 00 |-7e00-| 1003 [0 eT | 2.9868 [22487 |—zio1s [680-9008 28860) “Ze0de [6675 | Tost 33510 S2928 | — 832811781 [14 5268. 0357—| ites | 04s) “oast_| 11 Ir pase aT aa 1r aE 07.4807: Le a-| oe a $y Sono san Sarees [20 2 cea fae tae So oe (ae ( Hof b ieee [as totes Ios Tieee Tees) pss Ee aE AREAS | 12500] 0800] T2AS0 12 3700-| Yz.2eBe | Ta. 188e 1.6250, 23128 [2688THREAD DIMENSIONS * METRIC METRIC STANDARD Beoth of ecreal sharp V head 270866 or ie = Bop Matc em eread Bice Falls oot P ] | P b F x b F © ma_| Ts | MM__| Inches | 38 oi3a_| 0096 | 0017 | 0008 || 18 0709 | _.0496_| 40_| 0188 o110 “00200009 | “1.9 |~“o74a 1024 AS 0177 | 0124) .0022 0010_ || 2.0 0787 0581 50 | 9197013610025 T~0011 | 2.28 | 088610620 S827 | o1sa_|oca7 | 001s "2.5 0984 | 0689 60 0236 1.0165 (0030 ‘0014 2.75 | .1083 | 0758 65 _0286_[_.0178_10032|—o018 | ~390 | 11611087 70 0m76_[ 0193 [0034 | 0016 3.28 1260 | — 0896 75.0295 {020710037 001735 | 1370964 | 80| 031s 1220 | 00390018] “3.5 | 1476 | 1083 8503350734004 |~o019 | 40 11575 11102] 900354 | 02480044! 002148 1772] 1240 @ 95 | 0s74 | 9262_| 0047 [002 “8.01969 1378] 394 [0276 0049/0023 85-2168 1~“isi6 (0433 | .0903 | 00540028 | 6.0] 2360 | ~1684 0472 0331, 0059 0027 65 | 2559 1791 | [0492 | 93440061 | 0020 | 720—| "2786 | —1926-—1 {95129389 | 0084_[7 00307152083 "2067 .0551_| 0386 0069 | 0032 J ~8.0 | "31802208 0501/0413 [00740034 8s | 3346 | 2302] -0830__[ 0441 | ~0079 | “0037 | “9.01353 | ~an0- 06690468" 0084 003995 [3740 | 2618 | 0467 | 0017 6g |-0482 | 0086 | 0040 10.0 3087 | 2756 0402 | 0028 BRITISH ASSOCIATION STANDARD —= aang [Dames | ich >=) a7erggtasonsnni, [880-80 Ne [inches | aM Taches TEM rcs omey o_[60 | 236 | 1.0 | -0a037 | 0236 [007m es 1 [83 9 |-0as43_|-0213 [0064 | wor samo [3147 031890191 | 0086 | —3 41 | [0287410172 | .0082 4136 T 02598 | .0156 | .0047 s [32 | “Tozaas 01361 oae 4x 414 = togla of trend s_ | 28 S087 {0128 [0038 PIB giclee 7 [38 018800113 | 0034 @ & 7 98005 = Bepi Britah Aasociation Thread = al 7 ‘1021-0081 | : PLE « madi ferent and sect 9 [19 I 00820028 1017 i 0083 | 0025 63l DECIMAL EQUIVALENTS OF MILLIMETERS FROM 1/10 TO 100 MM ADVANCING BY 1/10 MILLIMETERS sar ae a Ta aT [ie iar as Dat = = Saree rest eee ar ae Tae] Hae Te] See) a ie ese 3 | Suse | 28 | ee goist| dea | tleee| te | ies] ee | (es | 2 | Be] 8 | ae | er) Bs | Hes] 3 |i] at | ee 6 | cae | 1 | 31800 | goaae| 306 | 2a] 361 | 149900] 456 | 1.70527 s | geg] a | gum | gos] ame | voge| sas |e) ae | ame 1 23| 2 ge | BS) Be He) eee) Sr | ee ¢ Be] 8 Be Se] Beige] ab jimi) 2 | ea vo | ‘cass | 8s | [33464 929 | 31.0 1.22087 | 385 | 151974] 46.0 | 1ell02 Hd feet feel tases | arr | ca lPeat| ace tar | cas TS | ‘o3005 | 90 | 2509 | 313 | r2a05| 390 | 1s3sa3| 465 | Lax070 | ert fees ee ara eas [fas |e u 7 2: eS) 2 | ae \2 8 e: BE) Bigs z e a; es| i Hq E ERS) # a 2 [ype gt u = | HBA) a x =i | gee] at Si ee) Be | g 2 | ee| Bt i iE) 2 i # # | (ee) Si | | g e x BH # i 48 2 M6 4a. 436 zs eee e g a i |iaue| ge 2 | 2 |e | 2s | Ha) 3 # # # Ey | Bas] 22 |iaee] St # Ey 8 Be) mz ar ge tou] gt 2 x S| ae | a 2; Be) s 39 Be | ‘ez | ea | 369 | raiss| asa Boe A ai Festa ea lead : mM af ge ae a liam at : a | BE | Se] a : | 6a na | 48) | 289 Ba | 1a308 | 9 4 a fallfars| ad elles ad alana n 221 | sto | 296 a7. | 1agoe2 | 426 sal | 205117 | 2 2: | Bt 2 HS) te 2 5 =: | S| 2 ah Hes] Ef ipa]@ See ee eee Se aes | BE Ge | S| Gee se AEE oe ooo PE ee ee ee eee ae ee ee ee ee ae ee eee Se ee ee $31 | 209084 | 610 | 24ois7 | seo 271299 | 768 | 302361 | 247 | 323463 | o26 | 3.64566 532 | 20e48 | 611 | 240ss0 | e990 | 271683 | 769 | 302755 | 48 | 33aes7 | 927 | 3.64859 533 | 200642 | 612 | 24004 | 691 | 272046 | 770 | 3oai49 | e49 | 3.34251 a8 | 365353. | B34 | Bioess | StS | 24tsea | ee2 | treo | tr | Soe | So | Siew | Se | Stee (SE) ESE | S| 2288 | G2 | 2Be0 | 2 | See | Be) eee | BS | dele | sag | anos | sus | 24aas | oss | 270207 | m2 | aocm | 52 | sasc2 | eer | sone Be | aise | ste | pus | gs | amar | m2 | agem | wa | amen | er | geome | g Hi | ifn | 82 | Bes | Ba | tee | § fa | iat | BS | 38 | Bl tee | i Hi | 0m | B33 | Bt) ee ¢ ma | soave | as2 | aareo | ane | som Ha | 9am | 82 | zee | ge | aes mo | idea | 83 | 32m | 2 | tees i | iam | G3) ue | Gs) eee m. | siee | 2) lee | gg | ee zee | some | sez | soe | su | aman Ri | $988 | 3 | 3g | su | ape 75 | 309054 | s64 | 3408s | 943 | 371250 mee ee ee me | sims | a7 | susr | se | ane0 Re | NaS | ay | guar | ge | ame Be | Hae | 8 sam | 3 | te mi | GNSS | 22 | 2a | 3 | ae ma | sign | 2 | som | ger | zum Bi | uae) Bo) sem} gh | rege Ai | Hee | Ge | sem | Be | Uae er | i88 | di ies) Bee | 8 25/308) 22 us| Bf) Nee $6.1 2086s | 640 | asses | 719 | es | sia | 977 | 345274 95.6 ‘3.76377 Sh | 120s | se | zage | ne | Bs | 10m | @2 | gees | ge | see 33 | HBS | es | Epes | Be Bs | Hs | G8 | see | Be | ae |B | dase | ete | ages | a Bi) UES | Bs | ee) ee aes OBE) lame | ai) fae | 2s Bi | HES | Bo | Mee | Bs | ieee Cee Bi) Hea | gz] sme) a. | aes i] | Bat | ae | teas | Be Bi | Hea | Bt ie) 2 | tae | 2 | 2205 | ie | ERT | 22 Bi) Hee | Bs | see) ga | sees sii | az | so sso | 8 me | sine | a7 | sam | oe | same Hi | 2uge | go zeus | me Be | Hag | az | peu | ge | pene a3 52 | 258002 | 731 10 | 3iss7 | sas | 340000 | s08 Sano. | as ss | ame | ae na | sem | ez | asim | sa | eum Hi as | Hat | Be i Be |e) eh) 22 ee ae so | ams | By ao | ing: | 83 | ee | ae | Be a sso | 2e000 | ne ee .erhrhrhLhLe a ge | 3g | ne Pee es 8 Si Be | ie Sees a 3 ieee | an See ee 7 Si | inte | ae Smee ee ae ass | zane | 304 3 | sows | soa | asso | ser | ame a SE | zame | 4 2] | 8 | 22 ae) gm) same a i | Reet | ef ie | es ye) | ie Fd ae oe ee ee | 580 663 | 26338 | 748 82.7 | 325589 | 906 | 3sees2 | 985 ‘3874 a ao | zeme | 10 a. hv CehUelLUde |i gt | tem | ne ao | ame | 2 | ayes) ee | gape | 3 Hi | Hue | Be 3 | Sat | 88 | 3ees | 2 | tee |B a2 | dg | Ba So | S| BS) eee | Be | tees |e) 22 | Hee | Be 2 | SERS | ke | ae | Bs | ee 56 | 615 | 265747 | 75.4 833 | 327952 | 912 | aso0s¢ go 3.90156 3 Se | ee | Be See ees hCUr Ey ga | gaia | Be Smee et a Si | ies | Be See eee Fe 33 3 | tee |e eee a eae | aeme | ze oe Fr a Pe Cee a ae ee a 8 2 | Heme | Wo | Hee | aS | gens | gis | dese |B? | ae je | Ba | Ss | SR | Ss | ee | | eat | | EE | Be | Re 6STEEL IDENTIFICATION OF COMPOSITION The SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) system of using numbers to designate steel composition is the most widely used and best understood. The AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute) system is also becoming widely used but it does not cause any confusion as both systems use the same numbers. ‘The systems use four numerals (five numerals are necessary when the carbon content is 1.00% or higher) each of which designate the basic type. The first digit designates the basic analysis group, the second digit signifies the amount of alloys, and the last two indicate the carbon content. (The last three ‘when carbon is over 1.00%.) In the table below X is substituted for the proper digits Sis Dsiguaion Types and Clases 1OKX | Carbon Steels — Not Resulphurized *11XX, ‘Carbon Steels — Resulphurized 12XK Carbon Steels — Rephosphorized and Resulphurized 13KX | 1.75% Manganese Steels 23xK | 350% Nickel Steels 25XX 5.00% Nickel Steels 31XX 1.25% Nickel — .65 or .80% Chromium Steels 33XXK 3.50% Nickel — 1.55% Chromium Steels 40XX | .25% Molybdenum Steels 41XX 98% Chromium — .20% Molybdenum Steels 43xX | 180% Nickel — .50 or .80% Chromium —.28% Molybdenum Steels AGKX 1.80% Nickel — .25% Molybdenum Steels 48XX 3.50% Nickel — .25% Molybdenum Steels ‘SOXK 30 or .60% Chromium Steels SIXX | .80 or .95% Chromium Steels ‘S1XXX 1,00% Carbon — 1.00% Chromium Steels S2XXX_ 1:00% Carbon — 1.45% Chromium Steels 61XX 80 or 95% Chromium —.10 or .18% Vanadium Steels B6xx | .55% Nickel — .50% Chromium — .20% Molybdenum Steels ‘87XX 55% Nickel — 50% Chromium — .25% Molybdenum Steels 92XX 85% Manganese — 2.00% Silicon Steels 94XX 1.00% Manganese — 45% Nickel — 40% Chromium — .20% Molybdenum Steels e7KX _| 85% Nickel — .17% Chromium — .20% Molybdenum Steels 98XX 1.00% Nickel — .80% Chromium — .25% Molybdenum Steels “Tho 1LAX serie incindes BI112 and BIII9 which aye manulacared bythe Besser Process ond ere rephow- ‘horied and rerulhuraod, They ae epidly being replaced bythe 1212 and 1218 which ee the sane compost tle made by te Basle open hesth process, All ober 11KK sere resulphurized basic open earth steels, S ‘The AISI system uses prefix letters to denote method of manufacture. If used the letters are applied as follows: © — Denotes Basic Open Hearth Carbon Steel — (C1020) E — Denotes Electric Furnace Carbon and Alloy Steel — (E4640) B — Denotes Acid Bessemer Steel (81112) ‘The AISI also uses a system for designating standard stainless and heat resisting steels. This system consists of three digits with the first digit either 3 or 4. The 3XX group are all basically Chromium nickel alloys and the 4XX group are straight chromium alloys. The 3XX 66 group (Example 302, 203, etc.) are austenitic alloys, non-hardenable and are subject to cold work in any machining operation, The 4X group vary in proper- fies as some are hardenable (Example 416,440) and others are not. (Exampls 430,446)@ Material Hardness and Thread Chasing It should be mentioned that the probable tool life column below indicates life relative to hardness only. When considering thread chaser life, all the possible variables relative to the specific application should be considered. Included in these would be the material, thread configuration, lubricant, speed, and general machine conditions under which the thread is to be generated. Approximate Tensile (CScale) ‘Strength In Probable Brinell Rockwell 1000 PSI Tool Life | 388 a2 195 ‘Thread Chasing Impractical as | 40 182 | ses | a9 wm j asa | 8 i [sates ees, 164 | sat [35 | 162 Premium High Speed i sai | as 155 Chasers Can Be on ae 353 Supplied, But Too! Life sz | 925 144 Will Be Limited | | 20a | a | 20s | 30 136 Tool Life tn This a7 oo 132 Hardness Area Will 260 | 28 128 Generally Be Faiz To Good. zz | 26 124 255 | as 121 zas_| 2a 117 ae eis 15 Tool Life In This 23s | oan m Hardness Area Will 20 | ae 109 Generally Range From 223 | 16 108 | Good To Excellent \ aie eae 108 22 101 207 98 201 98 GEOMETRIC TOOL offers various surface treatments at a minimal cost to improve the overall performance of threading chasers for different materials and applications. 67STANDARD MORSE TAPERS 22 : | yal « # 3| & Hl) a ilal¢ é ¢ ile Beles Agee ce ald |) & | a Eli 2 | "ald pia|ls|c|mu|wfolo rl elu|s ‘| L 0 | 252 | 256 | atr4a| 2 %2| 2 vis! 2 Y6a]2 | 255) x4] 942| 156s 64 | 166°) %e)15%| 052000 | 62400|+0 \ 1| 369] 475 | 2 %e| 2 Ye) 2 He 2 Y42| 2 46] 208) 36) %15| 1140/46. | 213) %4/2vi6 | 040082 | s0es8] 1 2| 812) 200] 3 yo] 21%6 22142 29%6s| 2%e | 250] he) 14) "he |'ie 260 | Yolo Yo |.osa0s1 | 904i) 2 3) as} 93] 3 7%] 31V%6| 3% 9 14] 9%0| 912] %e/ %e) 2942/96 322 | 19463 Vie] 050196 | 60235] 3 4/1020 | 1291 | 4 7] 4 9%) 4 %6] 4 Yel 4¥i6| 469) 46) 516] 212/340 | 470] 1 14|8 74) .051898 | 6226) 4 s|1ars| 1248] 6 v6] 5 | 5 4s] 5 %4}5%e | 625) 54] 96] 20940) 46 | 595 | 2 yelere| sanz | enist| 5 6 | a6 | 2404] 8 %6/ 8 14! 7'560| 746) 7 %| 790/16] 4/2 ho | 260) 1 96/7 .052137 | .62565| 6 | | | Posts suio use|) a2 96 ne sss ae comm sn | 2 j }_t | S i 7} 2280 | 3270 |11 56/11 1% I + The Size "O" Taper ie not listed in the American Standard on Machine Tapers ‘he dimensions agree essentially with dimensions of the American Standard on Machine tapers. ‘The undercut shows on the fang having dlameter G, and length E, may bo eliminated atthe option ofthe manulacturer provided the tang i heat treated to'a minimum Rockwell of C30 with 190% load,TO DETERMINE MINOR DIAMETER OF THREAD D=Major Diameter Di=Minor Diameter (C=Double Depth of Thread DizD—c ‘TABLE SHOWING DOUBLE DEPTH OF THREADS. ‘Theoretical ‘Metric Amer. Natl v TPL ws) Thread Whie Acme (MM Pitch | Double Depth 3 4330 513 $268 3833 2B 0138 3% no aoe 599 “057 30 ‘ones: 4 i248 320 ‘02 “200 35 2193 34 Bar cc 236 Dae a0 ‘zat 5 238 a8 2561 2200 5 ‘oa & 216 2st 2134 ‘867 2 ‘0216 1, ase 258 1830 1629 35 x Mm 132 2309 1708 “158s wo 8 hes ies 1601 1480 s 9 18s 1908 923 isn 70 0 1399 ae aa “1200 35 i, Met 1595 es “1008 B 1s thse “3806 ane ‘oom0 & Bz 1083 143 1067 0933 9 3 ‘9 1382 ies 809 98 u o28 2st ‘ts ‘oa xo 15 “866 ss 958 ‘onet 1 16 ‘tax 1083 100 ors 13, 1 ‘ors ho ‘oss 88 135 18 om 6 om 656 3 » 068 on ‘bets ‘be ig 2 0650 26 ‘40 ‘0600 13 2 ‘io 925, (610 ig 2 ‘0390 mt 382 ay 2m toa ‘om st 1s % ‘ns00 056 93 1B 2 ‘os ‘Dosa ‘Ta 19 2B ‘0468 ‘ae (ist 20 30 13 0377 oat 225 2 ‘Dave ‘S41 ‘0400 23 4 ‘nase ‘0300 371 21s 35 ‘tse ‘Bae 356 30 B ‘tsi 0886 ‘0381 325 *° ‘325, ‘oss 1320 35 2 10308 oa 1305 335 rn 295 0398 ‘201 40 46 ‘nae oar ite 38 2 un 36 i267 50 2 0260 ‘34s “n256 33 2 1250 ‘03s. ios 60 56 in232 ‘0309 ‘no 65 © init ‘09 23 1 6 (03 ‘oon 1200 3 3 191 ‘055, ‘oss 80 2 igo ‘neat 178 a5 cy ns ‘nose 73 90 7% nn ‘to ne 35 % 0162 at 60 100 For use in determining minor diameter of Pipe Thresds for the purposes of this Book, use V Thread figuresq CSL ) iiss aay PTS TSS Cee ee ais 470 Old Evans Road i ea ary