Bai Gui Sua Xong

B Cng Thng
Trng i hc Cng Nghip Tp H Ch Minh

Vin Cng ngh sinh hc v Thc phm
......................
Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip
TM HIU QUY TRNH SN XUT

HP HEO HM
TI CNG TY VISSAN
GVHD
SVTH
Lp
MSSV
: NGUYN HUNH NH THUN

: PHAN TRNG HNG
: HTP 6B
: 10060991
TP HCM, thng 5 - 2015
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
Bo co thc tp cng ty VISSAN
GVHD: Nguyn Hunh nh Thun
LI CM N
Li u tin em xin c gi li cm n chn thnh n Ban lnh o Cng ty
TNHH mt thnh vin Vit Nam k ngh sc sn (VISSAN) to iu kin cho em
c thc tp ti phng Qun L Cht Lng Sn Phm. Ngoi ra em xin gi li
cm n chn thnh n ch Lm Bo Nh to iu kin cho em hon thnh thi
gian thc tp ti cng ty. Sau hn mt thng thc tp ti cng ty, tuy thi gian khng
nhiu nhng nh s ch dn tn tnh ca cc c ch, anh ch trong xng ch bin,
em c hc hi thm nhiu t thc t cng vic, v cng ty, v cc cng on,
quy trnh ch bin cng nh cc sn phm
Em xin chn thnh cm n Thy Nguyn Hunh nh Thun, ging vin Vin
Cng ngh sinh hc v Thc phm, trng i hc Cng Nghip Tp HCM tn
tm truyn t kin thc v du dt em trong thi gian qua, gip em trang b y
nhng kin thc cn thit thm nhp thc t.
Cui cng, em xin gi li cm n n ton th Ban qun c, cc b phn,
phng ban, cc c ch, anh ch cng nhn vin ca cng ty tn tnh gip , ch
dn chi tit cho em trong tng cng on ca qu trnh sn xut sn phm hp
heo hm.
V thi gian thc tp hn ch v kin thc ca bn thn cn hn hp, bi bo
co ny s khng trnh khi nhng thiu st c v ni dung ln hnh thc. Knh
mong thy c, cc c ch v anh ch s gp v ch bo bi bo co ca em c
hon chnh hn.
Em xin trn trng cm n v xin knh chc qu thy c cng cc c ch, anh
ch cng nhn vin cng ty VISSAN lun di do sc kho v gt hi c nhiu
thnh cng tt p trong cng tc ni ring v trong cuc sng ni chung.
Sinh vin thc tp
Phan Trng Hng
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
Nhn Xt Ca n V Thc Tp
H v tn sinh vin: Phan Trng Hng
MSSV: 10060991
Khoa: Vin Cng Ngh Sinh Hc V Thc Phm

Trng: i Hc Cng Nghip Thnh Ph H Ch Minh
Thc tp ti: CNG TY VIT NAM K NGH SC SN (VISSAN)
Thi gian thc tp: 01/04/2015 30/04/2015
Cn b hng dn thc tp: .......................................................................................
Ni dung thc tp: Tm Hiu Quy Trnh Sn Xut Hp Heo Hm
Nhn xt ca cn b hng dn:
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Xc nhn ca n v thc tp
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
Cn b hng dn
Nhn Xt Ca Gio Vin Hng Dn

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Xc nhn ca GV hng dn
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
TP.HCM, ngy ..........thng..........nm 2015
Mc Lc
Phn 1........................................................................................................................ 1
Chng 1: Tng Quan V Cng Ty.....................................................................2
1. Lch s hnh thnh.......................................................................................2
2. Xu hng pht trin v kinh doanh...........................................................4
2.1. Phng thc mua bn...........................................................................4
2.2. Lnh vc hot ng................................................................................5
2.3. Nng lc sn xut...................................................................................6
2.3.1. Quy m trang thit b, dy chuyn sn xut.................................6
2.3.2. V vn chuyn.................................................................................8
2.3.3. V lao ng......................................................................................8
2.4. Mng li kinh doanh...........................................................................8
2.5. Th trng tiu th.................................................................................8
2.5.1. Th trng trong nc...................................................................9
2.5.2. Xut khu........................................................................................9
2.5.3. Nhp khu......................................................................................10
2.6. Phng thc cng c v pht trin cng ty........................................10
3. S b tr mt bng..................................................................................11
Chng 2: S T Chc Cng Ty..................................................................14
1. S t chc, b tr nhn s.....................................................................14
1.1. Ban Tng Gim c............................................................................14
1.2. Cc phng ban......................................................................................15
2. Cc phn xng trc thuc cng ty...........................................................17
2.1. Khu tn tr th sng............................................................................17
2.2. Phn xng git m.............................................................................17
2.3. Xng ch bin....................................................................................17
2.5. B tr nhn s trong xng ch bin..................................................19
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
Chng 3: Cc Sn Phm Ca Cng Ty...........................................................20

1. Sn phm ti sng....................................................................................20
2. Sn phm ch bin mt hng kh..........................................................21
3. Hng ng lnh..........................................................................................21
Phn 2...................................................................................................................... 23
1. Lch s pht trin.......................................................................................24
2. a dng th trng hp v ngha....................................................24
3. Phn loi hp theo thnh phn nguyn liu.........................................25
4. Bao b trong sn xut hp......................................................................25
5. Cc dng h hng trong hp.................................................................26
6. Cch x l hp b h hng....................................................................28
Phn 3...................................................................................................................... 29
Chng 1: Tm Hiu V Nguyn Liu...............................................................30
1. Nguyn liu chnh: Tht heo......................................................................30
1.1. Gii thiu v tht heo...........................................................................30
1.2.1. Phn loi tht..................................................................................30
1.2.2. Vai tr ca tht..............................................................................31
2. Gia v, ph gia.............................................................................................31
2.1.
Hnh tm........................................................................................31
2.2.
Ti...................................................................................................31
2.3.
ng.............................................................................................32
2.4.
Bt ngt..........................................................................................32
2.5.
Nc mm......................................................................................33
2.6.
Mui n ( NaCl).............................................................................33
2.7.
Mui nitrit, nitrat..........................................................................33
2.8.
Polyphosphat.................................................................................35
3. Cc tnh cht ca nguyn liu tht.............................................................35

3.1. Cu trc sinh hc ca tht........................................................................35
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
3.4. Thnh phn dinh dng ca tht heo.................................................39

3.5. Cc bin i sinh l, sinh ho ca tht...............................................39
3.6. Cc yu t nh hng n cht lng ca tht..................................40
3.7. iu kin bo qun ca tht................................................................41
Chng 2: Kho St Quy Trnh Sn Xut........................................................42
1. Quy trnh sn xut:....................................................................................42
2. Thuyt minh quy trnh................................................................................43
2.1. Nguyn liu...........................................................................................43
2.2. Ct tht.................................................................................................44
2.3. p massage.........................................................................................44
2.4. Vo hp.................................................................................................44
2.5. Rt dch, bi kh ghp m..................................................................45
2.6. Tit trng..............................................................................................46
2.7. Lm ngui, lau kh, phun date :.........................................................47
2.8. Bo n, kim tra:..................................................................................47
2.9. Hon thin :..........................................................................................47
Chng 3: Kho St Cc Thit B Chnh Trong Quy Trnh Sn Xut...........52
1. My cht tht..............................................................................................52
2. My massage tht........................................................................................53
3. My ra lon................................................................................................54
4. Ni nu nc chm....................................................................................55
5. My ghp np.............................................................................................56
6. H thng tit trng.....................................................................................57
7. My phun date............................................................................................60
8. My dn nhn.............................................................................................61
9. My bao mng co.......................................................................................62
1. Cc vn vi sinh trong thc phm.........................................................63
1.1. Ng c thc phm.............................................................................63
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
1.2. Vi sinh vt gy bnh trong thc phm...............................................64

1.2.1. Samonella.......................................................................................64
1. 2.2. Staphylococus aureus....................................................................64
1.2.3. E.coli...............................................................................................64
1.2.4. Coliforms........................................................................................64
2. Cc phng php nh gi cht lng thc phm.................................65
2.1. Kim tra cm quan v nguyn liu v sn phm...............................65
2. Kim tra ch tiu sinh ho.......................................................................65
2.3. Kim tra cc ch tiu vi sinh trong sn phm.....................................65
2.4. Tiu chun sn phm..........................................................................65
3. Ghi nhn, bao gi, vn chuyn, bo qun sn phm...............................67
3.1. Ghi nhn...............................................................................................68
3.2. Bao gi..................................................................................................68
3.3. Vn chuyn...........................................................................................68
3.4. Bo qun...............................................................................................68
Phn 4...................................................................................................................... 69
1. S x l nc thi ca nh my..........................................................70
2. X l ph thi..............................................................................................72
3. V sinh phn xng sn xut.....................................................................72
4. V sinh cng nhn.......................................................................................72
6. V sinh o qun bo h lao ng...............................................................73
7. V sinh dng c v bn gh........................................................................74
8. V sinh sn nh v tng vch trong xng ch bin.............................74
9. V sinh trong lc ch bin...........................................................................74
10. V sinh tn tr..........................................................................................74
11. V sinh vn chuyn....................................................................................75
Phn 5...................................................................................................................... 76
1. Kt lun.......................................................................................................77
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
2. Kin ngh.....................................................................................................77
Ti liu tham kho..................................................................................................78
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
PHN 1
Tng Quan
V
Cng Ty VISSAN
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
Chng 1: Tng Quan V Cng Ty

1. Lch s hnh thnh
Tn giao dch nc ngoi: VISSAN LIMITED COMPANY
Tn vit tt: VISSAN
Tng gim c: Vn c Mi
S ti khon: 102010000150518 ti Ngn Hng Cng Thng, Chi Nhnh 7 - Tp.
HCM - Vit Nam
a ch: 420 N Trang Long, Phng 13, Qun Bnh Thnh, Thnh ph H Ch
Minh
Logo hin nay ca cng ty l 3 bng mai vng :
in thoi: (84 8) 35533 999 35533888
Fax: (84 8) 35533 939
Hnh 1.1 Cng ty VISSAN
Email: vissan@hcm.fpt.vn , vissanco@vissan.com.vn

Website: www.vissan.com.vn
Tin thn ca cng ty VISSAN l l st sinh Tn Tin c chnh quyn Si Gn
c t vin vng xy dng u tin vo ngy 20/11/1970 v khnh thnh vo ngy
18/05/1974. Tuy nhin, n ngy 04/07/1974 mi chnh thc i vo hot ng. Ton
b quy m nh xng c xy dng trn din tch 20 ha, to lc trn mt c lao,
cch trung tm Si Gn 7 km v pha Bc qun Bnh Thnh. Cng ty c nhiu thun
li vi giao thng ng thy, ng b. Nhim v ch yu ca cng ty l thu mua
tru b, heo v t chc git m vi dy chuyn hin i ca c, cung cp thc
phm cho Si Gn v cho ton Min Nam. Sau khi Min Nam hon ton gii phng,
theo quyt nh s 143/TC-Q, ngy 16/03/1976 l st sinh Tn Tin c i tn
thnh CNG TY THC PHM 1, cng ty l loi hnh doanh nghip Nh nc
chuyn kinh doanh hng thc phm, c php hch ton kinh t c lp. Hot ng
chnh ca cng ty l thu mua tru b, heo git m v ch bin d tr, t chc mua
bn v ci to ngnh hng theo hng quc doanh ho. Trong giai on ny vic
phn phi tht heo ch yu cung cp cho cn b nhn vin v lc lng v trang.
Nm 1979 thc hin ch trng phn cp cho qun, huyn, cng ty ln lt
chuyn giao cc ca hng thc phm qun cho a phng qun l.
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
Nm 1984-1986 cng ty pht trin nhiu mt hng nh hp ng vi cc tri

chn nui tham gia pht trin n heo thnh ph, t chc ch bin v y mnh xut
khu, sn phm ca cng ty hu ht c dng xut khu sang Lin X vi khi
lng ln theo Ngh nh th ca Chnh Ph. Trong nhng nm ny, cng ty ch ch
trng n vic xut khu ra th trng nc ngoi m khng ch trng n th trng
trong nc, dn n vic pht sinh git m lu gia sc ngy cng chim t l cao
th trng trong nc. Do sau khi Lin X b sp , vic xut khu b nh tr,
cng ty khng cn sc cnh tranh khi quay li th trng ni a.
thc hin thng nht qun l tht heo, tru b trn th trng thnh ph, theo
tinh thn UBNDTP vn bn 3846/UB ngy 20/08/1987 cng ty tip nhn v thnh
lp 12 ca hng bn l thc phm, hnh thnh mng li thu mua ngun hng v t
chc cc im bn l lm v tinh cho cng ty.
Thng 09/1989 CNG TY THC PHM 1 c php kinh doanh xut khu
trc tip theo Q 580/QUB ngy 27/09/1989 ca UBND TPHCM. Theo quyt
nh 101/Q-UB ngy 08/06/1986 ca UBNDTP cng ty xp hng nht.
Thng 10/1989 CNG TY THC PHM 1 c xp hng tng cng ty hng
nht (Q s 601/UB CNG TY THC PHM). Thng 11/1989, theo quyt nh s
711/Q-UB CNG TY THC PHM 1 i tn thnh CNG TY VIT NAM K
NGH SC SN gi tt l VISSAN.
T nm 1990 n nay, sau khi Lin X tan r vic xut khu sang th trng ny
b n tc, thm ch dy chuyn git m ti cng ty phi ngng hot ng. ng trc
tnh hnh buc cng ty phi tm cch khc phc kh khn bng nhng chin lc
c th. i i vi vic i mi c cu mt hng l nng cao cht lng sn phm,
to ra nhng hng i mi. Cng ty quan tm n th trng trong nc v sn
xut nhiu mt hng khc nhau, ngoi sn xut nhng mt hng truyn thng. Cui
nm 1994 - u nm 1995 cng ty nhp v v lp rp dy chuyn sn xut xc
xch tht ngui ca Php. Hin nay cc mt hng ca cng ty i vo sn xut n
nh v tng bc m rng th trng, cng ty c gng vn ln chim gi th
trng ni a. Trc ht cng ty hin ang ci t li b my t chc, cng c li lc
lng sn xut, m rng quyn sn xut kinh doanh cho cc n v trc thuc cng
ty.
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
Cng ty VISSAN l mt doanh nghip Nh nc, c con du ring v hch ton

c lp. Cng ty chu s qun l ca UBNDTP v cc c s ban ngnh c lin quan
ti t cch qun l nh nc. ng thi cng ty cn chu s qun l ca TNG
CNG TY THNG MI SI GN vi t cch i din ch s hu ngun vn
iu l theo quy nh ca lut doanh nghip nh nc v cc vn bng php lut
khc.
2. Xu hng pht trin v kinh doanh
2.1. Phng thc mua bn
Phng thc mua bn linh hot, giao hng tn ni, nhanh chng. i vi mt
hng tht heo b ti sng, VISSAN cung cp phn ln nhu cu tiu th ti thnh
ph H Ch Minh.
i vi mt hng thc phm ch bin, VISSAN c mt h thng ca hng
gii thiu sn phm v i l rng khp c nc. i vi mt hng tht heo, b ng
lnh. VISSAN v ang xut khu i cc nc vi s lng ln.
Hnh 1.2 Kho vn chuyn
Hnh 1.3 Ca hng phn phi sn phm
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
Sn phm ca VISSAN hin nay c ch ng vng chc trn th trng, vi

doanh thu v th phn chim lnh. VISSAN c xem nh mt doanh nghip SX-KD
ngnh sc sn v cc sn phm ch bin t tht.
Vi chin lc m rng v pht trin khng ngng, cng ty VISSAN sn sng
hp tc lin doanh, lin kt vi cc n v, c nhn trong v ngoi nc Sn xut
Kinh doanh Xut khu tht gia sc, gia cm, rau c qu, cc mt hng thc phm
ch bin t tht v rau c qu.
2.2. Lnh vc hot ng
Hot ng ca cng ty chuyn v sn xut, ch bin v kinh doanh cc sn phm
tht heo tru b, tht gia cm ti sng v ng lnh, hi sn, sn phm tht ngui cao
cp theo cng ngh ca Php, sn phm xc xch thanh trng theo cng ngh ca
Nht Bn, sn phm ch bin theo truyn thng Vit Nam, sn phm ng hp, trng
g, vt. Kinh doanh cc mt hng cng ngh phm v tiu dng khc. Sn xut kinh
doanh heo ging, heo tht, b ging, b tht.
Hnh 1.4 Kinh doanh hp ti cc siu th

Sn xut, kinh doanh thc n gia sc, dch v k thut v chn nui heo, b, kinh
doanh n ung, kinh doanh nc tri cy, lng thc ch bin. Sn xut kinh doanh
rau c qu cc loi, rau qu ch bin, cc loi gia v v hng nng sn.
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
2.3. Nng lc sn xut

2.3.1. Quy m trang thit b, dy chuyn sn xut
- Mt khu tn tr vi sc cha 10.000 con heo v 4.000 con b
- Ba dy chuyn git m heo vi cng sut 2.400 con/ca (6gi)
- Hai dy chuyn git m b vi cng sut 300 con/ca (6gi)
- H thng kho lnh vi cp nhit khc nhau, sc cha trn 2.000 tn, p ng
yu cu sn xut kinh doanh.
- Dy chuyn sn xut ch bin tht ngui nhp t Php v Ty Ban Nha vi cng
sut 5.000 tn/nm.
- H thng dy chuyn sn xut xc xch tit trng theo thit b, cng ngh nhp
khu t Nht Bn vi cng sut 10.000 tn/nm.
- H thng dy chuyn sn xut ch bin hp vi cng sut 5.000 tn/nm theo
thit b v cng ngh ca Chu u.
- Nh my ch bin thc phm ng lnh theo truyn thng Vit Nam c cng sut
5.000 tn/nm ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh.
- Nh my ch bin thc phm do Chi nhnh H Ni qun l vi cng sut 3.000
tn/nm ti Khu Cng Nghip Tin Sn, tnh Bc Ninh.
- X nghip chn nui G Sao trang b k thut hin i vi cng sut sn xut 2.500
heo ni ging v 40.000 heo tht mi nm.
Hnh 1.5 Dy chuyn git m
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
Hnh 1.6 X nghip chn nui G Sao
Hnh 1.7 Dy chuyn sn xut xc xch
Hnh 1.8 Dy chuyn sn xut hp
2.3.2. V vn chuyn
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
78 xe cc loi ri khp cc n v trc thuc c kh nng chuyn ch mt khi

lng ln gia sc, hng ha t cc tnh v nh my bao gm:
+ 34 xe ti nng (ti trng 7.15 tn/ xe)
+ 31 xe ti nh (ti trng 1.65 tn/xe)
2.3.3. V lao ng
Hin nay i ng cng nhn nhn vin k thut c nng cao trnh
chuyn mn tay ngh cao: nng ng, nhy bn thch ng vi tnh hnh kinh t x
hi nhm a hot ng sn xut kinh doanh t hiu qu cao.
2.4. Mng li kinh doanh
21 n v ca hng, trm kinh doanh trc thuc ti a bn cc qun trong
Thnh ph H Ch Minh v cc ch u mi qun l trn 600 im bn.

55 ca hng Gii Thiu Sn phm v trn 700 i l hng ch bin ti Thnh ph
H Ch Minh v cc tnh, thnh trn c nc.

H thng Siu th: p ng cuc sng vn minh ca ngi dn ngy cng cao,
VISSAN cng m Siu th Bnh Ho v a cc sn phm vo tt c cc h
thng siu th bn s v l trn ton quc.

Cung cp tht ti sng v rau c qu cho trn 650 trng hc v c quan, khch
sn.
X nghip Ch Bin v Kinh Doanh Thc Phm sn xut v kinh doanh hng
thc phm ch bin truyn thng...
-Chi nhnh VISSAN ti H Ni sn xut v kinh doanh ti th trng pha Bc.

-Chi nhnh VISSAN ti Nng kinh doanh ti th trng Min Trung v Cao
Nguyn.
-Vn phng i din VISSAN ti Cng Ha Lin Bang Nga, Campuchia.
2.5. Th trng tiu th
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
2.5.1. Th trng trong nc

- Phng thc kinh doanh linh hot, tinh thn sn sng hp tc v quan tm n
quyn li ca i tc kinh doanh.
- Cng ty VISSAN l doanh nghip dn u trong vic cung cp nhu cu tiu th
tht heo, tru, b v rau c qu ti TP.HCM.
- VISSAN xy dng c mt mng li h thng phn phi bao gm: Chi
nhnh ti Thnh ph H Ni, Chi nhnh ti Thnh ph Nng, cc Ca hng Thc
phm Qun, Ca hng Gii Thiu Sn Phm, Siu th v i l phn phi rng khp
c nc.
- Mt hng tht ti sng: a s ch phn phi trong TP.HCM v mt s tnh ln
cn.
- Mt hng hp: gp nhiu cnh tranh t hng ni n hng ngoi nhp.
- Tht ngui v mt hng ch bin truyn thng: tin li, nhanh, gn, hp khu v
v m bo dinh dng cho ngi tiu dng nn bn rt chy.
Cng ty
Ca hng
gii thiu
sn phm
H thng
i l
Sn phm
xut khu
Sn phm
Sn phm
tiu th
bn l
nh hng,
S 1.1 S h thng phn phi snsiu
phm
th.
2.5.2. Xut khu
- Xut khu cc sn phm ch bin ng lnh, sn phm ch bin truyn thng, sn
phm ch bin t tht sang th trng Bc M, Hn Quc, i Loan, Singapore,
c, Nga
- Xut khu s lng ln tht heo, b ng lnh sang th trng Nga v cc nc.
- Xut khu y thc cho cc i tc.
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
2.5.3. Nhp khu

Nhp khu y thc, nhp khu my mc trang thit b, nguyn liu, ph liu, gia v
phc v cho nhu cu sn xut ch bin.
2.6. Phng thc cng c v pht trin cng ty
- Trc tnh hnh pht trin ca x hi hin nay, ha nhp vo nn kinh t ang
pht trin ca cc nc trong khu vc cng nh cc nc trn th gii cng ty ang
mnh dn xut khu vo cc th trng mu dch t do nh M v cc nc EU, mt
th trng y tim nng.
- Bn cnh cng ty cng t ra phng hng pht trin trong tng lai.
- Cung cp y cho nhu cu ni a, cng c v pht trin mng li bn l trong
nc.
- Tch cc tm kim th trng nc ngoi, lp cc vn phng i din, xc tin
thng mi, tm kim i tc kinh doanh.
- Vi ngun vn hin c cng ty khng ngng hon chnh nh xng, nng cp cc
thit b hin c, lin kt v hp tc vi cc n v trong v ngoi nc khng
ngng nng cao cht lng sn phm, tin ti t tiu chun quc t.
- Thng xuyn o to, bi dng cn b, nhn vin c nghip v tay ngh cao, c
k nng lao ng tt. Tng bc tin ti tiu chun ha cn b v nghip v chuyn
mn.
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
10
3. S b tr mt bng
N
I GO
SA
NG
SO
KHU HOA THIEU
TRAM
BM
KHU SAN
XUAT HANG
TRUYEN THONG
NC
IEN
XNG LO
C KH HI
KHU BAO QUAN

KHU SAN XUAT
THT NGUOI
CHUONG HEO
BAIXE
KHU GIET MO
HAM PHAN
PHONG KCS
SAN TENIS
SON
G
THU
VA
CHUONG GIA SUC
TRAM
TIEP
IEN
CONG 2
C
CONG 1
y l mt a im rt thch hp xy dng nh my v cch xa trung

tm thnh ph, xung quanh khng c bnh vin ngha trang nh my cng
nghip hay bi rc nn trnh c nguy c nhim t ngun nc v
khng kh.
Xy dng trn g t cao so vi a hnh sng nc, xung quanh c h
thng thot nc.

Thun li lu thng ng b v vn chuyn hng ha bng ng thy.
Vng ln cn c h thng ng nha rng an ton rt thun li cho vic
vn chuyn phn phi hng ha.
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Khu sn xut:
Khu tn tr th sng: c chia thnh 2 khu ring :
- Khu tn tr tru, b: sc cha khong 1000 con.
- Khu tn tr heo: sc cha khong 7000 con.
- Trong khu tn tr cn b tr thm sn git m th cng, h thu
gom, trm bm nc thi sn xut, v sinh hot ca ton nh my,
nh iu hnh, nh v sinh. Khu tn tr c khng gian thong
mt th c thi gian ngh ngi, hi sc.
Khu git m: c b tr 2 tng
- Tng trt l ni lm sch lng gia sc v cha ph phm.
- Tng trn c b tr 2 dy chuyn git m.
Dy chuyn git m heo: vi cng sut bnh qun 120 con/gi.
Dy chuyn git m tru b: vi cng sut bnh qun 25
-
con/gi.
Ngoi ra khu git m cn c b tr cc phng cha ph phm
trong dy chuyn git m, phng QLCLSP, phng th y, phng th
nghim, phng vt t k thut, phng iu hnh.

Khu tr lnh:
- Trong khu tr lnh c b tr phng pha lc v xng ch bin
-
c lp t h thng lm lnh.
Xng ch bin cao cp gm phng r ng (20 oC), phng p
massage gia v (< 5oC), phng xay trn (<15oC), phng nhi KAP,
phng nu hp, phng tit trng, khu bn thnh phm

- Xng ch bin truyn thng.
- Xng ch bin lp xng.
Khu cha v x l ph phm gm:
- Nh my bt tht.
- Nh my da ni cha lng ph thi, b rc.
- Bi phn gia sc.
- L ha thiu.
- H thng x l nc thi.
Khu cng c v nng lng:
c lp t mng li in, nc, hi cung cp cho ton nh my.
Trong gm cc phng k thut, sa cha v bo tr my mc.
Phn din tch cn li:
Dng xy dng khu vn phng, phng trng by v tip th sn
phm, sn chi, cn tin
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Chng 2: S T Chc Cng Ty

1. S t chc, b tr nhn s
S 1.2 S t chc, b tr nhn s

1.1. Ban Tng Gim c
Gim c
- Do Gim c S Thng Nghip ngh, b nhim v bi nhim do Ch Tch
UBND TP.HCM thc hin.
- Nhim v ca ng l iu hnh mi hot ng ca cng ty theo ng php lut,
ng iu l ca cng ty v cc quyt nh ca c quan ch qun cp trn.
- Chu trch nhim trc php lut v c quan ch qun cp trn v hot ng kinh
doanh ca nh my.
Cc ph gim c
- c c quan ch qun b nhim v bi nhim. C 4 ph gim c, c gim
c phn cng nhim v theo chuyn mn hin c ca mnh.
- L ngi ph t cho gim c, chu trch nhim trc gim c v phn vic
c phn cng v chu trch nhim c nhn trc php lut.
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- Thay mt cho gim c gii quyt mi hot ng kinh doanh theo php lut,
ng iu l qun l ca doanh nghip v theo s phn cng ca gim c.
1.2. Cc phng ban
Gm nhiu phng ban, mi phng hon thnh tt nhim v c giao v phi
hp cht ch vi cc phng ban khc nhau m bo cho lnh vc cng tc ca doanh
nghip c ng b nhp nhng.
Phng vt t k thut
- Sa cha vn hnh, bo tr v ln k hoch v cc thit b my mc cho cng ty.

- Sa cha cc cng trnh phc v sn xut.
- Hng dn s dng cc trang thit b cho cc n v trong nh my.
Phng qun l cht lng sn phm
- Kim sot, xy dng cc qui ch v v sinh an ton thc phm, kim tra cht lng
sn phm cho nh my.
- Kim tra cht lng nguyn liu, sn phm trong qu trnh thu mua v tn tr sn
phm.
- Tham gia thc hin nghin cu sn phm mi, nh gi cht lng sn phm v
nhn hiu vi c quan nh nc c thm quyn.
- Cp phiu xc nhn cht lng nguyn liu v thnh phm trc khi nhp kho.
- Theo di phn tch v nh gi, bo co nh k hoc t xut v cht lng sn
phm ca cng ty cho gim c v c quan qun l cht lng sn phm cp trn.
Phng kinh doanh
- Thc hic tt c cc hp ng kinh t k kt, m bo vic lp chng t, trc
tip phn phi vt t hng ho v trao i sn phm kinh doanh.
- Bao gm 2 phng : phng kinh doanh thc phm ti sng v phng kinh doanh
thc phm ch bin
-Thc hin k kt hp ng kinh t, hp tc kinh t vi cc tnh v cc thnh phn
kinh t khc.
- T chc gii thiu v tiu th sn phm.
- Xy dng v xut phng n v gi c cho tng loi sn phm.
- Trc tip thc hin cc hp ng xut nhp khu thc phm, thc hin cc th tc
xut nhp khu, giao dch m phn vi thng nhn nc ngoi.
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- Thng xuyn nghin cu th trng, xc nh c phm vi th trng cho cc sn

phm hin c, d on nhu cu sn phm v ra k hoch pht trin sn phm
trong tng lai.
- T chc mng li kinh doanh, m cc ca hng, siu th .
- nh gi cc phng tin v hiu qu bn hng, ra nhng bin php thch hp
v hiu qu hn.
Phng ti chnh k ton
- t di s lnh o ca gim c ng thi chu s ch o v nghip v k ton
ca k ton trng cp trn.
- T chc thc hin cng vic ghi chp, phn nh chnh xc v kp thi cc giao
dch, nm r kim sot ton b ti sn, phn tch cc hot ng kinh t ca cng ty.
- C trch nhip np ng v y , kp thi cc khon np ngn sch, thanh ton
ng hn cc khon vay, cc khon n.
- T chc kim tra k ton trong ni b, ph bin hng dn thi hnh kp thi cc
ch ti chnh, k ton do nh nc qui nh.
Phng k hoch u t
- Vch ra k hoch cho cng ty trong nm theo tng thng, tng qu...
- iu sn xut, nghin cu mu m ph hp vi th hiu ngi tiu dng, thc
hin a dng ho sn phm.
- u t trang thit b my mc cho cng ty.
Phng hnh chnh
- m bo ton b cng vic hnh chnh v qun tr ca cng ty.
- Tip nhn phn loi cc vn bn, cng vn, ph bin cc ch trng, ch ca
nh nc, tham gia hi ch trin lm, ph bin cc mt hng ca cng ty.
- Thc hin vic mua sm vn phng phm v bo h lao ng cp pht cho cc
n v theo yu cu sn phm kinh doanh.
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2. Cc phn xng trc thuc cng ty

2.1. Khu tn tr th sng
y l khu vc dng nui th sng t cc ni em v bn cho cng ty. Th
c nui kim tra sc khe trc khi em vo l git m. Khu ny cha ti a
7.000 con heo v 900 con tru b.
2.2. Phn xng git m
Dng git m tru b heo vi h thng my mc hin i, m bo v sinh khi
git m, phn xng hot ng vo bui ti. Gm cc khu:
+ Khu tn tr th sng.
+ Khu git m.
+ Khu vc kim tra th y.
+ Khu vc x l ni tng.
2.3. Xng ch bin
Xng ch bin cao cp
Gm cc phng: phng r ng ct lc nhit 17 - 18oC, phng massage
v p gia v nhit 4oC, phng sn xut xc xch, gi la, tht xng khi nhit
4oC.
Xng ch bin truyn thng
Gm 2 xng: mt l xng ch bin v mt thuc trm cung ng nm bn
nh my, c hai u c kt cu:
+ Phng x l nguyn liu c qu: ti y cc loi c qu mua v c ra
sch, lt v, ct lt ty thuc vo iu kin x l.
+ Phng cha nguyn liu tht: tht c d tr y ch x l em i bn.
+ Phng xay trn.
+ nh hnh sn phm: theo yu cu th nhit 2 phng phi l 15-17oC.
+ ng gi bao b.
+ nh hnh sn phm: theo yu cu nhit l 15-17 oC nhng thc t nhit
25-27oC.
+ Phng tr ng cha khong 2 tn. Sau khi tr ng tm thnh phm c
chuyn vo cng ty c cp ng.
Xng ch bin lp xng:
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+Phng s ch tht v xay: tht c loi b cc thnh phn khng s dng v

c ra sch sau em xay.
+Phng trn nhi bn t ng v tht dy.
+ Ti xng dng l sy th cng bng than c li cch rui chng rui u
vo sn phm m bo v sinh.
2.4. Phn xng ch bin thc phm
u im.
-Trong phn xng ch bin chia lm 3 dy chuyn vi nhiu t sn xut
d dng qun l, h tr lao ng hon thnh cng vic ca t mnh nh: t
Jambon, t nu hp, t v lon, t xc xch tit trng, t xc xch tht ngui......
- B tr sn xut thch hp m bo dy chuyn sn xut t cng on ny
sang cng on khc khng b gin on.
-Phn xng v sinh sch s, m bo v sinh thc phm.
- C din tch ln cho b tr sn xut.
Nhc im:
- Phng c c k do c nng cp t mt l git m.
- Li i cn nh hp rt bt tin trong vn chuyn nguyn liu v thnh phm.
- Khng c phng ring x l nguyn liu: hnh, ti, carrot.....
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2.5. B tr nhn s trong xng ch bin

Qun c
Ph qun c
Kho vt t
Trng dy chuyn
tht ngui
Ph qun c
Ban k thut
Trng dy chuyn hp
Kho thnh phm
Trng dy chuyn xx
tit trng
T v sinh
T v sinh
T v sinh
T nguyn liu
T nguyn liu
T nguyn liu
T Jambon
T v lon
T xay p
T xx tht ngui
T ghp np
T my KAP
T nu hp
T tit trng
T thnh phm
T thnh phm
T sy tit trng
T thnh phm
xx tit trng
S 1.3 S b tr nhn s trong xng ch bin
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Chng 3: Cc Sn Phm Ca Cng Ty

1. Sn phm ti sng
Tht heo: sn gi, i trc nguyn, thn heo, ba ri rt xng, nc vai, chn
gi heo, sn non, file heo, tht nch, ct lt, tht vai, tht i, nc dm, nc i, sn cht,
nc ri xay, xng ng, xng ui, dng, sn, gi, nc xay
Tht b: tht thn, gn b, nc i, nc vai, bp b, gu b, nm b, c b.
Tht g: i ti g, i g , cnh g.
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2. Sn phm ch bin mt hng kh

hp
C: c st c, Nuggest c, c vin, c ng ngm du

Heo: tht heo kho trng, heo hm, heo hai lt, sn nu u, pate gan heo, ch m,
pa-te tht
B: b hai lt, b kho, b hm, c ri b, b nu u, b xay.
G:g hm x mui, c ri g, g nu u
Mn chay: heo hm chay, c ri chay, lu chay Thi Lan, b nu u chay
Nc sp- lu: nc sp heo khng gia v, nc lu
Xc xch: heo, b, g
Tht ngui cao cp:jambon xng khi, thn heo xng khi, ba ri xng khi..
Tht quay
Thc phm ch bin truyn thng: hola v sn nng st cay, hola ng v
cay,hola b hm khoai ty
3. Hng ng lnh
Bao gm : lp xng ti, xi chin phng, ph mai que ,ch nng
heo, ch gi tm cua
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PHN 2
Tng Quan
V
Hp
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1. Lch s pht trin

- Nm 1804, th lm bnh ngi Php Nicolas Appert ngh ra phng php bo
qun ko trong nhng l thy tinh sn xut phc v trn tu.
- Nm 1810, mt ngi Anh tn Pertet Durand dng hp st ng thc phm thay
cho thy tinh.
- Nm 1825, vic sn xut hp hnh thnh. Hp st c sn xut bng phng
php th cng.
- Nm 1849, ch to c my dp np hp.
- Nm 1860, nh pht minh ca Louis Pasteur v phng php thanh trng, c s
khoa hc trong vic bo qun bng hp hnh thnh.
- Nm 1880, ch to c ni thanh trng hp.
- Vit Nam, nm 1954, c s gip ca Lin X, ta xy dng nh my ch
bin hp u tin ti Min Bc thay th cho phng php bao gi thc phm bng
l cy c truyn. Nm 1957, nh my c hp H Long, Hi Phng xy dng xong,
bt u tin hnh th nghim v sn xut th.
- Nm 1959, bt u sn xut mt s mt hng c hp, rau qu hp xut khu v
phc v chin trng.
- Nm 1970, Min Nam mi hnh thnh mt s c s sn xut hp ti thnh ph
H Ch Minh. Nm 1975, ngnh hp ti Min Nam c ch trng pht trin, sn
xut c nhiu mt hng thc phm c gi tr.
2. a dng th trng hp v ngha
Kh c th thng k ht cc loi hp hin ang c trn th trng nhng c
bn, c th phn chia thnh cc nhm: nhm cc loi ch bin t rau (thng l
ngm chua), nhm ch bin t qu (nc p, mt), nhm ch bin t tht, nhm
thy sn, nhm sa p ng mi nhu cu ngi tiu dng.
Khng ch a dng v nguyn liu ch bin, loi hp dng cha thc phm
cng phong ph khng km. Nu thc phm ng hp u tin xut hin trn th
gii c ng trong h thy tinh n hp st thay th v n nm 1825, bt ch to
hp st i tr dng ng thc phm ng hp, k tip l cc phng php
lm hp thc phm m bo kn, khng b khng kh xm nhp gy h hng.
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Hnh 2.1 a dng ngnh hp

Ngnh cng nghip hp pht trin mnh c ngha to ln ci thin i sng
con ngi:
- Gim nh cng vic nu nng hng ngy.
- Gii quyt nhu cu thc phm ca cc thnh ph, a phng thiu lng thc.
- Cung cp thc phm cho cc on du lch, thm him, quc phng.
- Gp phn iu ha ngun thc phm trong nc.
- Tng ngun hng xut khu, trao i hng ha.
Ngy nay, nh s pht trin mnh ca cc ngnh c kh, in lc, cht do
lm cho ngnh cng nghip hp c c gii ha, t ng ha theo nhiu dy
chuyn sn xut. Cc thnh tu trong cc ngnh khoa hc nh ha hc, vi sinh, ha
sinh c ng dng rng ri vo hp, lm cho cc sn phm ngy cng tt hn,
c gi tr dinh dng cao hn v thi gian bo qun lu hn.
3. Phn loi hp theo thnh phn nguyn liu
- hp tht t nhin: hp khng thm gia v, dng bn ch phm
- hp tht gia v: c ch bin t tht nc, c th c mt t m. Tht em ch
bin, lc vo hp l tht ti hoc rn vi gia v.
- hp tht u: ch bin t tht, cc loi u v gia v.
- hp ch bin t tht ch bin: xc xch, jambon, pate, lp xng...
- hp tht gia cm: ch bin t g, vt ngng v gia v.
- hp tht p, hun khi: tht c mui v em xng khi.
4. Bao b trong sn xut hp
Hin nay, bao b hp tht heo ch yu l bao b kim loi, trong ch yu l
st ty, hp nhm. Bao b kim loi c u im l nh, truyn nhit tt, c bn c
hc tt, nhng hay b r v b n mn.
Yu cu bao b hp
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- Khng gy c cho thc phm, khng lm cho thc phm bin i cht lng,
khng gy mi v, mu sc l cho thc phm.
- Bn i vi tc dng ca thc phm.
- Chu c nhit v p sut cao.
- Truyn nhit tt, chc chn, nh.
- D gia cng, r tin.
- Hnh thc hp dn, thch hp vi sn phm.
- S dng, vn chuyn, bo qun tin li.
Thnh phn v trng lng tnh ca sn phm cho vo bao b
Thnh phn:
a s cc loi hp gm c phn rn chim t 60-70% v phn lng chim t
30-40%. T l cc thnh phn nguyn liu trong hp c ngha rt quan trng n
vic ch bin hp c cht lng cao. Khi thnh phn nc rt trong hp d nhiu
s lm gim gi tr dinh dng ca hp v hm lng cht kh thp. Nhng nu
khng thnh phn nc rt th gim gi tr cm quan, lm cho mt phn sn phm
b kh, kh tit trng. Do phi m bo ng t l phn rn v phn lng trong
hp, t l ny cn gi l t l ci - nc, y l ch tiu phm cht quan trng ca
hp. Khi nh gi ch tiu ny, ngi ta xc nh hp thnh phm tit trng
v n nh t nht 15 ngy. V trong thi gian tit trng v bo qun, cc thnh
phn cht kh trong sn phm s khuch tn, tin ti n nh phn rn v lng.
Nn t l ci - nc khi bo qun s thay i. Thng t l ci vo hp phi cao hn
t l ci quy nh trong thnh phm t 10-30%, ty theo loi nguyn liu.
Khi lng tnh: L tng s khi lng sn phm cha trong hp. Trong
sn xut ta phi m bo khi lng tnh ca hp
5. Cc dng h hng trong hp
H hng do vi sinh vt (VSV)
H hng do VSV l ph bin nht trong cc nguyn nhn gy h hng hp.
VSV pht trin, phn hy cc cht hu c to ra kh CO 2, H2S,hay tit ra c t.
C loi VSV pht trin khng sinh ra kh, v vy hp c th phng hoc khng
nn kh pht hin. hp h hng do VSV gy ra, khng th s dng lm thc n,
phi hy b.
Nguyn nhn:
- Tit trng khng ch
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hp tit trng cha nhit hay thi gian cn thit. Cc VSV cn sng, pht
trin lm sn phm b chua, mt gi tr v sinh kh gy phng hp. Tit trng khng
ch c th do ngi vn hnh thit b hay thit b b nhim trng
- Lm ngui khng thch hp
VSV a nhit lm hng hp, pht trin nhanh 49 0C 710C. Nu khng lm
ngui nhanh v di nhit , VSV c th pht trin v gy h hng.
- Mi ghp b h
hp b h c th do my ghp np lm vic khng ng qui tc, hay mi hn
dc ca bao b khng kn. Khi tit trng do p sut trong hp tng ln, lm h cc
mi ghp, vi sinh vt nhim vo (ngun nhim vi sinh vt ch yu vo hp b h
l nc dng lm ngui hp sau khi tit trng) pht trin gy h hng.
H hng do ha hc
- C th do cc phn ng gia cc thnh phn ca thc phm vi nhau hay gia
cc thnh phn thc phm vi bao b. Cc phn ng ha hc ny, phn ln lm cho
thc phm c mu sc, hng v gim i nhiu v gy c i vi c th
- Qu trnh n mn, kh hydro thot ra lm phng hp.
- Nhit cao, s n mn kim loi xy ra nhanh chng.
H hng mc nh c th ch bin thnh cc sn phm c gi tr thp hn.
Mc h hng cao, khng th s dng c.
H hng do nh hng c l
Nguyn nhn: Xy ra trong qu trnh tit trng, bo qun, vn chuyn.
- Do qu trnh tit trng
Giai on cui ca qu trnh tit trng, nu gim p sut hi qu nhanh, th p
sut trong hp c to ra chnh lch vi p sut bn ngoi qu nhiu to thnh hin
tng cng phng hp, c th b bin dng, h mi ghp.
- Bi kh khng
Qu trnh tit trng bng nhit, hp bi kh cn li dn n gy phng hp.
Hnh dng bn ngoi hp ny sau khi bo qun, thng b phng nh, np hp c
th n ln xung c.
- Xp hp qu y
Sn phm xp trong hp qu y, s dn n th tch khi tit trng bng nhit,
lm cho hp b phng.
- H hng v mp, mo, r do va chm khi vn chuyn.
- hp c bao b st ty, kch thc ln, khi ghp kn, chn khng cao,
c s chnh lch p sut, bao b st ty mng, d b mo.
- Trn b mt st c vt bn cht bo, khi bo qun ni m, cht bo b oxi
ha, li cc vt r. Hoc hp b thng do cc vt nhn gy ra, hay trong qu
trnh bo qun, nc trong hp chy ra c th gy r cho cc hp xung quanh.
6. Cch x l hp b h hng
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- Tt c hp c du hiu h hng do vi sinh vt gy ra, d hp b phng hay

khng, cng u khng th s dng, phi hu b.
- hp h hng do hin tng ho hc, nu mc nh th c th ch bin thnh
cc sn phm khc c gi tr thp hn (tht xay).
- hp h hng do nh hng c l, v cht lng sn phm c th khng gim
nhng km gi tr thng phm. C th thay bao b khc, tin hnh nu li, c th x
l ch bin thnh cc sn phm ph.
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PHN 3
Tm Hiu
Cng Ngh Sn Xut
Hp Heo Hm
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Chng 1: Tm Hiu V Nguyn Liu

1. Nguyn liu chnh: Tht heo
1.1. Gii thiu v tht heo
- Cng ty s dng tht t ngun tht git m ti ch.
- Trc y heo sng c a v cng ty, tr trong cc khu d tr th i git m.
Sau , cng ty xy dng thm mt khu git m nm khu cng nghip Tn To
( Bnh Chnh ). Khu git m ny ang c quy hoch, v c chuyn v Bnh
Dng. Heo c git m khong 23 gi ti -5 gi sng. V ty vo nhu cu sn
xut m tht c th c ng lnh (dng cho cc sn phm xc xch, tht hp) hay
ch bo qun dng ngay vo sng hm sau ( sn xut cc sn phm Jambon, gi
la)
1.2. Yu cu v nguyn liu
1.2.1. Phn loi tht
Theo % nc:
- Tht heo nc : nc chim t l cao > 80%
- Tht heo na nc na m: % nc t 50 80%
- Tht heo m: % nc < 50%
Theo trng thi tht:
Tht bnh thng:
-
Tht c mu sc ti, b mt ro nc, khng r nc, c PH t 5,6 6,2. Con

vt tnh trng tt trc khi git m dng ch bin cc loi sn phm tn
tr nhit phng. Di nhit t lnh loi tht ny ch c th h hng
sau 6 ngy tn tr vi sinh vt pht trin nn khng dng bn ti v ch bin.
Tht PSE ( pale, sort, excudative: nht, mm, r dch ):
- Do th b stress trc khi git m, tht ny thng nht mu, mm nho v pH tht
t 5,2 hoc thp hn nn vi sinh vt pht trin thp. Loi tht ny thng lin kt
vi nc thch hp cho sn xut cc sn phm tn tr nhit phng, khng thch
hp cho tht ti, bi nc thot ra ngoi nhanh lm tht dai.
Tht loi DFD ( dark, firm, dry: sm mu, cng, kh ):
- Xut hin nhng loi th b stress trc khi h tht. Loi tht ny c mu sm, b
mt b kh cng, pH t 6,4 tr ln. Loi tht ny c kh nng lin kt vi nc rt
tt. Chng cha nhiu nc t do nn vi sinh vt pht trin rt d. Thch hp cho sn
xut cc loi tht i ch bin v cc sn phm dng nh tng do kh nng lin kt
vi nc ca chng. Khng thch hp cho cc sn phm tn tr nhit phng.
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
30
1.2.2. Vai tr ca tht

- Cung cp protein v cc gi tr dinh dng khc.
- L cht to hnh, ngha l to ra b khung, hnh dng, trng thi cng vi c,
dai v n hi cho sn phm.
- C kh nng to nh tng.
- C kh nng c nh c cc cht mi khc nhau qua tng tc Van der Walls
hoc qua lin kt tnh in v lin kt ng ha tr, gp phn ko nh trong vic to
mu sc v mi thm.
2. Gia v, ph gia
2.1. Hnh tm
- Tn khoa hc : Allium fishtulosum.
- H hnh ti Liliaceac
- Thnh phn ho hc gm : Acid malic, phytin, tinh du, ch yu c khng sinh
alicin C6H10OS2, c tc dng dit khun rt mnh i vi Staphylococcus. Alicin s
mt tc dng bi nhit, kim. Acilin d kt hp vi cc acid amin c gc SH
(cystein). Hnh tm c tc dng tng cm quan cho sn phm.
- Cng thc ca acilin :

CH2 CH CH2 CH2 S S CH2 CH2 CHCH2
- Thnh phn dinh dng : Hm lng caroteen v acid ascorbic kh phong ph. C
gc sunfur lm hnh d bay hi v c v cay c trng.
- Hnh tm c tc dng tng cm quan cho sn phm.
2.2. Ti
- Tn khoa hc : Allium sativum
- H hnh ti.
- Thnh phn ch yu ca ti l cht khng sinh alisin.
- Ti c v cay hng, thm du, nng cao gi tr cm quan cho sn phm. Ngoi ra ti
cn c tc dng tiu ho v st khun.
- Tp ti em ch bin phi u, cc c trong trng thi cn nguyn vn ,c ti cn
ti, khng bm dp, khng b su mt, khng ln t hoc nc, mu trng ng.
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
31
2.3. ng
- c ly t ma hoc c ci ng, c v ngt, thnh phn ch yu l saccharose.
- C tc dng to mu cho sn phm bng phn ng caramen ho.
- Ngoi ra, ng cn uc s dng nh l mt cht bo qun do tnh cht ht nc
mnh ca n.
Trong qu trnh mui nguyn liu ngi ta thng dng lactose v glucose l nhng
cht c tnh kh, saccharose khng c tnh kh nhng chng nhanh chng b thy
phn thnh ng kh l glucose v fructose. ng kh cung cp dng cht cho
vi khun pht trin kh nitrat thnh nitrit.
S dng ng to v, lm du v mn ca sn phm, ng hn ch vic gia tng
qu hm lng nc trong sn phm. Liu lng khng gii hn m ty thuc
vo s thch v v ca tng mn n nhng ngy nay ngi ta c khuynh hng hn
ch s dng ng nhiu.
Tiu chun ca ng TCVN 1695-87:

Tiu chun cm quan
Mc cht lng
Hnh dng
-Dng tinh th, kch c tng i u, ti kh, khng vn

cc.
Mi v
-Tinh th cng nh dung dch ng trong nh nc ct,

c v ngt, khng c mi l.
Mu sc:
- Tt c tinh th u trng ng nh, khi pha trong nc ct

dung dch ng trong sut.
2.4. Bt ngt
- Thnh phn chnh ca bt ngt l monosodium glutamate, c cng thc nguyn t
l C5H8NO4Na.
- Bt ngt thng tn ti di dng tinh th hay dng bt mu trng trong sut ngm
1 phn t nc, khn vn cc, d tan trong nc.
- C tc dng lm tng kh nng lao ng tr c v lao ng chn tay cho con ngi.
- L cht iu v, c gi tr trong cng nghip thc phm.
- Cc mn n ngon khng th khng c bt ngt vi hm lng thch hp.
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
32
2.5. Nc mm
- Nc mm c tc dng to v, mu sc v to hng thm c trng cho sn phm.
Trng nc mm cn cha 1 lng m v acid amin ng k.
- Thnh phn ho hc ca nc mm:
Ch tiu
Loi c bit
Loi 1
Loi 2
Loi 3
Hm lng Nit ton phn (g/lit).
20
15
11
19
Hm lng Nit amin(g/lit)
8.5
6.5
4.0
3.0
Hm lng Nit amoni b hn(g/lit)
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.7
acid chuyn thnh acid acetic(g/lit).
6.0
4.0
3.0
2.5
Hm lng mui(g/lit)
250-265
260-280
265-285
270-285
2.6. Mui n ( NaCl)

- Mui l cht bo qun cn bn trong qu trnh ch bin. Mui c tc dng ph hy
k sinh trng. Nng mui trn 4,5% c tc dng ngng s pht trin ca vi
khun.
- S dng mui lm tng tnh ha tan protein. nng 4% s t ti a tnh ha
tan ca protein ca tht.
- Mui xc tc tin trin ca tht trong qu trnh chin ti. giai on chin ti tht c
mi thm, mm mi.
- Mui to v cho sn phm .
Yu cu :
- Mu trng
- Khng mi
- Dch mui 5% c v mn thun khit, khng c v l.
2.7. Mui nitrit, nitrat
- Hin din di dng mui kali hoc natri.
Trn th trng c 4 dng: KNO3, NaNO3, KNO2, NaNO2
- Lng n cho php hng ngy ca cht ny l 5mg/kg trng lng c th sng
- c tnh ca mui nitrit, nitrat:
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
33
To mu cho sn phm: kt hp vi myoglobin to hp cht c mu

hng bn vng.
To mi: to ra mi rt c bit pht trin theo thi gian v trong qu
trnh nu. Mui nitrit km hm phn ng i kht ca su m
Tc dng khng khun: tc dng trn phn ln cc vi khun nh
Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, c bit l vi khun Clostridium
botulinum.
- Nhc im : Nitrit c th tc dng vi cc acid amin to thnh cc Notrosamin 1
hp cht c c kh nng gy t bin, sinh ung th.
- Mui Nitrit c kh nng oxy ho Hb trong mu thnh MetHb gy ra tnh trng thiu
mu.
- V dng mui nitrat v mui nitrit qu liu quy nh gy c hi nn khng bao
gi dng ring l m phi trn vo mui n theo t l 0,6%.
- C ch to mu ca mui Nitrat, Nitrit:
KNO3
KNO2
pH
HNO2
pH v vi khun
NO
Mb( Myoglobin-mu )
NOMb
(Nitrosomyoglobin)
hng)
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
Nitrosoheme+globine
Nhit
(mu
34
2.8. Polyphosphat
- Mui polyphotphat c nhiu dng v tn thng mi khc nhau. Trn th trng,
polyphosphat l dng hn hp, c trng ch yu l hm lng P2O5.
- Liu lng s dng: 2 3g/kg sn phm
- Mc ch: to lin kt gia cc phn t protein, to vng chc cho h nh tng,
gi nc lm tng khi lng sn phm.
- Hm lng P2O5 ca mt polyphotphates nh sau :
Danh php
Cng thc
%P2O5
Pyrophosphates disodique
Na2P2O7
63,9
Pyrophosphates tetrasodique
Na4P2O7
53,4
Tripolyphosphates pentassodique
Na5P3O10
57,9
Pentapolyphosphates heptasodique
Na7P5O16
62,0
Metaphosphat
Na(PO4)n
69,6
Pyrophosphates tetrapotassique
K4P2O7
43,2
3. Cc tnh cht ca nguyn liu tht

3.1. Cu trc sinh hc ca tht
M c:
- C gi tr thc phm cao. Khi con vt cn sng m c cn thc hin chc nng c
ng, tun hon mu, chuyn thc n vo c quan tiu ho v thc hin nhng chc
nng sinh l khc. M c gm t bo si c v cc gian bo. Theo cu to v hot
ng co gin ca si c nn c chia ra: c xng, c trn, c tim. vi cc thnh
phn nh: nc, protein, lipit, gluxit, khong, 1 s enzim.
- Protein l thnh phn quan trng nht ca m c, y l loi protein tng i hon
thin v d tiu ho.
- Miozin c ng knh 100AO chim 40% khi lng chung ca si c. N l
protein hon thin, cha nhiu acid amin mch nhnh. Miozin khng phi l protein
n m l protein phc hp ca H-meromiozin v L-meromiozin. H-meromiozin c
hot tnh enzum, (adenozintriphotphataza), n phn gii thy phn ATP di dng
hot ha ca Ca++ theo phng trnh:
ATP + H20 ADP + H3PO4 + Q
Nng lng ny dng co rt c
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
35
- Actin chim 15% tn ti 2 dng: G-actin v F-actin. C ng knh 50AO, chng

c kh nng kt hp vi miozin to thnh actomiozin, cht ny nh hng n cht
lng c ( lm cho kh nng ho tan ca protein c gim i ).
- Tropomiozin l dung dch nht chim t l thp.
- Moglobulin khng tan trong nc vai tr vn chuyn oxi n cc t bo m.
- Globulin khng tan trong nc, tan trong dung dch mui.
- Collagen v Eslatin l protein ca m lin kt, khng tan trong nc, to thnh
nhng lp mng mng ca c.
- Nucleprotein thnh phn cu to nhn t bo.
- Protein c d b tiu hu bi cc enzim tiu ho nh: pepsin, tripsin, chymotripsin,
cc protein thc vt nh papain.
- Nc tinh khit ca c chim t l rt thp.
- Nc tinh khit cha Nit bao gm mt s baz nit nh metylquanidin, anxerin,
chng nh hng n qu trnh trao i photpho, v n c kh nng lin kt vi
photpho v c tch t cc cht ATP.
- Nc chit khng cha nit bao gm gluxit v cc dn xut ca n. Glucogen l
vt liu d tr nng lng cho c bp hot ng, s phn gii glucogen l nguyn
nhn gy ra nhng bin i ca tht sau git m.
- Lipit l t hp cc glyxerin photphoric, sterol, sterit phn b trong t bo v m
lin kt.
- Gluxit tn ti dng glycogen c vai tr nh hng n mu sc v hng v ca
sn phm.
- Cc cht khong c nhiu loi: Ca, P, Na, K, S chng nh hng n trng thi
bn trong nh tnh tan, tnh ngm nc.
- Cc enzim c trn 50 loi enzim xc tc qu trnh sng ca con vt, l nguyn nhn
ca qu trnh t phn gii trong tht sau khi git m lm nh hng n cht lng
ca tht.
- Cc vitamin: m c cha hu ht cc vitamin quan trng nh B1,B2.Ngoi ra
cn c 1 lng nh glucoza trong mu. a s dng glycogen cung cp nng lng
cho c th.
M m:
- M m c to thnh t cc m lin kt hnh li , xp cng vi lng ln t
bo. T bo m c ng knh 130 m, trung tm t bo m cha y cc git m
nn nhn v cht nguyn sinh b gt ra ngoi. M chim 3 - 40% khi lng c th.
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
36
Cc axit bo khng bo ha hin din trong tht ng vt thng dng ni i nh

hn 3. Cc axit bo ny to ra gi tr sinh hc ca m.
- Lng m m, v tr tch lu, mu sc mi v v nhiu tnh cht khc tu thuc vo
loi, ging tui, gii tnh, bo, iu kin nui dng.
M lin kt:
- c phn b rng ri, c tc dng lin kt cc b phn li vi nhau, tham gia qu
trnh trao i cht v bo v c th. M lin kt gm cc t bo cht v cht gian
bo. Do c im ca cht gian bo m chia ra m lin kt ring, m sn, m xng,
m bch huyt.
- Cc si collagen.elastin, reticulin lin kt vi xng, tiu ho km vi cc men.
- Si collagen khi nu nhit cao ko di chuyn thnh dng keo gelatin.
M xng:
- Thnh phn ch yu ca xng l hp cht v c chim 84-85,3% ch yu l
photphat canxi. Cht hu c l osein tng t nh colagen. ty c nhiu cht bo
3,8 27% , ngoi ra cn cha albumin, globumin, glycogen.
- Xng gm cc cht nn c to ra lp b mt v cht xp bn trong. Thnh phn
cht gian bo ca m sn gm chodrominoit, axit chondroitin sunphic, collagen v
mt s protein khc. Khi un si vi nc cht gian bo chuyn thnh keo trong
c gelatin, muxin v mui.
M mu :
- Hm lng trung bnh ca heo l 4,5-5% khi lng c th.
- Trong m mu phi c nh trnh huyt ng bng mui NaCl, natri citrate 1,6%
trong huyt khi thc huyt git gia sc. Mu l thnh phn rt quan trng cho vi
khun pht trin.
3.2. Tnh cht vt l ca tht
- Khc nhau theo hng chng loi sc vt, ph thuc vo mc gi, non, gii tnh
v phng php nui dng.
- Khi lng ring: thay i theo hm lng cht bo trong tht. Cht bo ny cng
nhiu khi lng ring cng nh. Khi lng ring t bo ca tht heo nc l:1,02
1,07. Khi lng ring trung bnh ca cht bo 150C l 0,95 0,97 v ca xng
l 1,13 1,30..
- Mu sc ca tht l do mu sc ca c tht v cht beo quyt nh. N khng ch do
chng loi, gii tnh, tui, trng thi trc khi git m v tnh hnh ch bin quyt
nh m cn chu s nh hng ca qu trnh chn ha hc v thi ra.
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
37
- Mi v ca tht: Mi v ca tht cc loi ng vt khc nhau ty theo lng axit bo

bay hi trong tht. Tnh cht v s lng ca axit bo trong c tht ph thuc vo
ging loi, tnh hnh chn nui v bo gii tnh, tuica ng vt.
- chc v bn ca tht: Ph thuc vo ging loi, gii tnh, tui tc, kh nng
lin kt vi nc, ph thuc vo t chc m c. Tht c cu trc cng mn th tht
cng mm cng ngon. C n hi c nhiu collagen s c cng khc nhau so vi
c c nhiu eslatin, tht thi ra hoc sp thi ra th n mm nho v khng c tnh
n hi.
3.3. Thnh phn ho hc
- Thnh phn ho hc ca tht ln. Cht dinh dng gm: nc 70% - 80%, protein
18% - 21%, glucogen 0,2- 0,8%, pH = 6 6,5.
- Cht bo:
- C di da, bng, quanh ph tng, bao gm cc acid bo no v khng no. Cc
acid bo no ch yu l Palmitic (25 - 30%). Cc acid bo khng no ch yu l Oleic
(35 - 43%), acid bo khng no c nhiu mch kp khong 2 - 7%. M heo lp ngoi
c nhiu acid bo khng no hn lp sau.
- Cht khong:
- Tht l ngun cung cp photpho (116 - 117mg), kali (212 - 259mg), st (1,1 - 2,3
mg) tp trung nhiu gan.
Bng 1 - Hm lng cht khong trong tht heo:
Tht heo
Hm lng cht khong trong tht heo
Bo
Ca
Mg
Fe
Na
Trung bnh
0,9
29
2,2
442
161
150
Gy
2,5
42
2,5
442
148
150
1. Cc nguyn t vi lng c : Cu, Zn. Coban

2. Vitamin : hm lng vitamin trong tht heo ng k nht l vitamin nhm
B, acid pantotenic, vitamin PP.
Bng 2 Thnh phn vitamin c trong tht heo:
Tht heo
B1
B2
PP
Bo
740
250
2.0
4,5
8,0
1,0
Trung bnh
750
300
2,0
6,0
8,0
1,0
Gy
770
350
2,0
7,5
8,0
1,0
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
38
3.4. Thnh phn dinh dng ca tht heo

Loi tht
Nc
Protein
Lipid
Calo
Tht m
47.5
14.5
37.3
406
Tht ba ch
60.9
16.5
21.5
268
Tht thn
73.0
19.5
7.0
143
Chn gi
61.2
15.7
18.6
237
3.5. Cc bin i sinh l, sinh ho ca tht

Thi k co git:
- Thi k ny ko di 30-70 pht , O2 cn li trong myoglobin ca c nn cn s
trao i kh nn c co rt mnh v thot ra lng nhit ng k , nhit tht tng
ln 2oC . Ti v tr su nht ca phn i , nhit tng ln 39OC c khi t n 420C
. Nhit quy tht c nh hng n cht lng tht sau ny nu chng khng c
gim nhanh bng h thng lm lnh .Ngay sau khi h tht pH quy tht khong 6,87,0. Tr s ny gim dn.
- Trong thi k ny xy ra cc qu trnh: (1) thy phn glycogen to thnh glucose,
(2) phn glucose thnh axit pyruvic, (3) s oxy ha axit pyruvic to thnh CO2 nng
lng. Nng lng gip s co c, actin kt hp vi myosin to thnh actomyosin
tnh thun nghch, ATP cn nhiu. Trong thi k ny kh nng hydrat ha ca tht tt.
Thi k t cng:
- Trong thi k t cng lng oxy trong m c ht do vy sau khi glycogen thy
phn thnh glucose, glucose ng phn thnh axit pyruvic, axit pyruvic trong iu
kin ym kh chuyn ha thnh axit lactic v c s amilo phn pH m c heo trong
thi k ny khong 5,3-5,7 sau khi bo qun 18-24h 0-4oC. Kh nng hydrat ha
ca m c km, pH ph thuc rt nhiu vo nhit mi trng, lng glycogen d
tr trong c bp.
Thi k chn ti:

- Chn ti l tp hp nhng bin i v tnh cht ca tht, kt qu l tht c nhiu
biu hin tt v hng thm v v. Tht tr nn mm mi v ngon hn so vi tht t
cng, kh nng hydrat ha cao(85-87%) so vi tht ti, d b tc dng ca ezyme
tiu ha. Di tc dng ca cc men cha trong m c protein b thy phn. y l
qu trnh ngc li ca qu trnh t cng. Trong giai on ny c s ph v ca
mch peptid, s phn ly v suy yu ca actomiozin dn n lm tng s lng trung
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
39
tm a nc ca protein.Tc chin ti ph thuc vo nhit ca mi trng pH =

5,8 - 6,2.
1 2OC : Thi gian chn ti 10 14 ngy
10 15OC : Thi gian chn ti 4 5 ngy
18 20OC : Thi gian chn ti 3 ngy
- Trong thi k ny c s xut hin ca axit glutamic c to thnh do s kh
glutamine trich ly c to thnh inozinic, inozin, hipoxantin, AMP, glutamic v
mui ca n.
Thi k t phn:
- Trong thi k ny cc men ca m (cathepsin,peptidaza) xc tc mnh lm t
peptit v ph hy protein to ra NH3,H2S, CO2, tht c mu hung nu, v chua, mi
kh chu, mt giai on nht nh tht khng cn n c.
3.6. Cc yu t nh hng n cht lng ca tht
iu kin nui dng:
- Thc n xanh lm cho mu m, tht hi vng nht v t, c nhng cht giu
caroten v cc hp cht mu vng nh xantophin, flavin cng lm tht v m c mu
vng.
Tui git tht:
- T l nc tht gia sc non cao hn gia sc gi. Gia sc ang pht trin cha
nhiu nc hn, gi thng dai hn v c mu khng thch hp git m, con vt
no vo ng trong thi k tht th c phm cht tt hn.
Gii tnh v ging loi:

- Con ci n tui thun thc c khuynh hng tch ly nhiu m hn con c v ty
vo ging loi m tht c phm cht khc nhau.
Vn chuyn:
- Trnh tc ng lm con vt hong s, cng thng lm tiu hao cc cht d tr nng
lng v sinh nhiu cht thi trong tht, hn ch va chm lm bm tht, ng mu
trong tht.
- m bo con vt ung nc v nhit lu thng bnh thng trnh mt nc
ca tht.
Bo qun:
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
40
- Sau khi vn chuyn cho con vt ngh ngi, phc hi sc khe. Trc khi git m
cho con vt nhn i ( b l 20h, heo l 8h ), nhn n gim st s thay i cht
tht ang tiu ha gip cho s thi b cc cht thi, to thun li cho vic tch v lm
sch ni tng.
Git m
- Nu thi gian ly mu di lm tim suy yu, mu ngng chy, tht b bm v c
nhiu mi v xu. Ngoi ra cn ph thuc vo iu kin mi trng, bnh l v cc
thuc iu tr bnh, cc ha cht l c sn trong thc n.
3.7. iu kin bo qun ca tht
Bo qun:
- Kho bo qun thnh phm hp phi m bo v sinh, thong mt, kh ro; ngn
chn c cn trng v loi gm nhm; c gi, k chc chn xp sn phm theo
tng l thun tin cho vic theo di, kim tra v xut nhp.
- Trong kho bo qun thnh phm phi c nhit k, m k theo di nhit v
m ca kho trong qu trnh bo qun hp.
- i vi sn phm thanh trng Pasteur th kho bo qun phi c cch nhit tt v
c trang b my lnh cng sut, bo m nhit ca ton sn phm t
hoc thp hn nhit bo qun theo quy nh.
Kim tra thnh phm:
- C s sn xut phi tin hnh ly mu hp thnh phm ca tng ca sn xut
kim tra v hp, m ghp v cc ch tiu cht lng c lin quan.
- hp mu phi c lu gi nhit v thi gian quy nh (370C, 10 ngy) v
tin hnh kim tra cc vi khun chu nhit. L hp khng c a ra th trng
tiu th khi vic kim tra mu lu gi cha kt thc.
- Cc l hp phi c kim tra cht lng theo quy nh, phi c phiu kt qu
kim nghim cc ch tiu v cht lng v an ton mi c php a i tiu th.
Lu gi h s:
- Cc biu mu gim st qu trnh sn xut, kt qu kim tra cht lng hp thnh
phm phi c lu gi trong b h s kim sot cht lng.Thi gian lu gi h s
ph hp vi thi gian s dng ca tng sn phm, tun th quy nh ca php lut
hoc nhng cam kt ca khch hng, thi gian lu gi t nht bng hn s dng ca
sn phm.
- H s kim sot cht lng phi lun c sn cung cp cho c quan Nh nc c
thm quyn khi c yu cu
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
41
Chng 2: Kho St Quy Trnh Sn Xut

1. Quy trnh sn xut:
Tht ng lnh
R ng
Ct tht
Lon
thic
Ra hp
p ( massage)
Gia v
V hp
Hnh tm
Rt dch
Np
Dch nc
nng
Bi kh - ghp m
Tit trng
Phun date
Bo n
Nhn
Hon thin
hp heo hm
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
42
2. Thuyt minh quy trnh

2.1. Nguyn liu
- Nguyn liu chnh l tht heo. Tht heo ly phn i hoc vai. Ta ch ly phn tht
nc, khng da, xng v cha khong 2% m.
- Ch dng tht cp ng ch khng dng tht ti.
- i vi cng ty Vissan, sn phm hp heo hm dng ngun tht cp ng l ch
yu. Tht heo ng lnh c ly ra khi phng tr ng v dng xe y a vo
phng r ng c nhit 20oC. Ti y tht c r ng t nhin cho n khi nhit
t t 0 5oC. Trong giai on ny, tht xy ra hin tng thot dch lm khi
lng gim. K thut vin s kim tra, xem xt trng thi block tht sau r ng
trc khi em cht.
Tht cp ng:
- Do gi c th trng bin ng v lng heo git m hng ngy khng n nh,
khng ph hp vi nhu cu sn xut theo tng thi im. Do , ch ng c
ngun nguyn liu trong sn xut, tht heo c em cp ng bo qun.
- i ng nhn vin KCS s kim tra cht lng tht trn ng dy git m v ngay
ti phng pha lc. Ti y s loi ngay tht khng t yu cu. Mi block tht c khi
lng l 12kg v c gi bng bao PE trnh tht b tip xc vi khun nhm
trong t Contactfreezer khi em i cp ng. Cng sut ca t l 2,5 tn, tc gi
2-4 m/s, nhit phng cp ng t -35 oC n -40 oC. Yu cu i vi block tht
cp ng l nhit tm tht -18oC.
- Sau thi gian khong 7-8 gi, cng nhn p khun ly block tht ra. Lc ny,
block tht c to hnh ca chnh nhng khun cha chng. iu ny to thun li
cho vic bo qun sau ny. Sau , c hai block tht c ng trong bao PP. Trn
bao PP c ghi r ngy sn xut, hn s dng, chng loi tht to iu kin d dng
cho vic kim sot sau ny.
u im ca tht cp ng :
- Hn ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt, c ch cc hot ng sinh ha. Do c th
bo qun tht trong thi gian di, v vy ch ng ngun nguyn liu v m bo tnh
lin tc ca sn xut.
Nhc im ca tht cp ng :
- Tn thi gian r ng.
- Khi r ng cht dinh dng s b mt i t hoc nhiu, khi lng ca tht b gim.
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43
2.2. Ct tht
- Thit b v dng c dng cht tht c v sinh sch s. Block tht c cng
nhn a vo my cht tht cht thnh nhng khi tht c kch thc thch hp d
vo lon.
- Nhit phng cht khong 22 oC. i ng k thut vin kim tra cht lng ca
cc khi tht trong khi cht. Tht sau khi cht xong c cng nhn cho vo xe y,
chuyn qua phng p.
2.3. p massage
- Qu trnh p tht c thc hin bn p. Bn p c b tr h thng thang
my a dung dch gia v, tht vo bn, sau vn hnh my. Nhng gia v c
dng nh mui n, nc mm, ng, bt ngt, hnh, ti, . . . . Cc cht ny c
ha thnh dung dch c b sung mt lng nc , c chun b trc.
- i vi sn phm hp heo hm, thi gian p l 4h30 pht. Trong :
+ Hai gi p lin tc
+ 2h30 pht p gin on: 7 pht 30 giy quay, ri 7 pht 30 giy ngh, c theo chu
k thc hin sut 2h30 pht.
- Sau khi p xong, tht c gi nguyn trong bn p, sng hm sau khong 8h
mi c em vo lon. - - Tht p c dng trong thng inox chuyn t phng
p sang phng v lon. Mc ch l lm mm cu trc tht, to mi thm cho sn
phm, tng hiu qu thm thu cc gia v v cc cht ph gia v tng kh nng gi
nc ca tht.
2.4. Vo hp
- Trc khi a vo s dng, lon c k thut vin kim tra cht lng v hnh
dng, trng thi theo ng yu cu ca k thut. Nhng lon tiu chun c
ra sch bng nc m, sau ro.
- i vi sn phm ci nc, cng ty Vissan ng k lng ci trong lon chim
50% khi lng tng th.
- Tin hnh v lon : hai cng nhn tri lon u trn mt bn, cho mt lng ng
chng vo mi lon. Ri dng tay y nhanh cc lon v pha cui bn. Ti y, c 6
cng nhn cn chnh xc li c lng ci v lon bng cn in t. C th, hp heo
hm khi lng 150g l khong 100g tht. Cng nhn dng ko ct b hay thm tht
vo cho khi lng yu cu. Cng nhn ng cui bn cho thm hnh tm vo sau
xp cn thn khong 28 lon vo khay nhm ri xp vo xe khung (c 8 k, mi
k xp c 4 khay).
- Lu :
+ T l cc thnh phn nguyn liu trong mt loi hp c ngha rt quan trng
n vic ch bin hp c cht lng cao.
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44
+ Khi thnh phn dch rt vo hp d nhiu s lm gim gi tr dinh dng ca

hp v hm lng cht kh thp. Nhng nu khng dch rt th cng lm gim
gi tr cm quan, lm cho mt phn sn phm b kh, sau nu sn phm mt gi tr
cm quan. Do , phi m bo ng t l phn ci v phn nc trong hp.
2.5. Rt dch, bi kh ghp m
Chun b nc dch:
-
Dung dch c chun b sn: cc cht iu v, cht to mu. . . c un

nng khong >85oC bng ni hp. Ni hp c thm b phn lc, lc ny dung
dch tr nn ng nht, c mu c trng. Dch chun b xong c ng
trong xe inox.
Tin hnh ghp m:
- Cng ty s dng 2 loi my ghp np :

My ghp np th cng:
+ Cng nhn rt dch vo lon, ri gn np vo mi lon. Cng nhn khc cm nhng
lon ny cho vo b phn ghp np ca my. My s tin hnh ghp kn np khi cng
nhn dng chn nhn mnh vo bn p. Sau lon c a vo my ra lon.
Cng nhn khc xp lon sch vo xe thng. Xe thng c 17 lp, mi lp xp c
75 80 lon.
My ghp np bn t ng:
+ Khi xe khung c a n, cng nhn xp 1 khay lon ln bn. Ri dng tay a
cc lon ny chy trn bng chuyn n khu rt dch. Dch rt c my bm vo
bn inox. Nhit yu cu ca dch rt > 85oC v phi rt cch m hp l 5mm.
y l nhit ti u nht i vi tc dng bi kh.
+ Trc mi ca sn xut hay trong qu trnh sn xut, cc k thut vin c kinh
nghim iu chnh my ghp m m bo cho mi ghp thn v np hon chnh.
+ Lon sau khi c rt dch s chy t ng trn bng chuyn n ni ghp np.
Trc khi ghp np s c mt lung kh nng thi qua nhm mc ch loi b ht
lng kh cn st li trong lon ra bn ngoi, trnh hin tng phng lon (l hin
tng gin n kh trong lon khi tit trng). Qu trnh ny din ra rt nhanh.
+ Cng on ghp m hon tt, lon li tip tc chy trn bng chuyn n my ra
lon. Ti y, my s phun nc nng t nhiu pha ra sch lon.
+ Lon sau khi ra khi bng chuyn c ra sch, cng nhn s xp vo xe y
chun b a n l tit trng.
Mc ch ca qu trnh bi kh:
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45
- Gim p sut bn trong hp khi tit trng. Chnh vic tn ti kh trong hp

sau khi ghp m l nguyn nhn lm tng p sut trong hp khi tit trng.
- Oxy trong khng kh cn li trong hp lm cho qu trnh oxy ha xy ra trong
hp. Cc cht hu c b oxy ha lm thay i hng v, mu sc ca tht trong
hp.
Lu :
- Trong qu trnh vn hnh my, k thut vin kim tra m lon thng xuyn. K
thut vin cng ly mu hp em ct m hp kim tra cc thng s nh: cc
khuyt tt ca m hp, chng m hpKhi xy ra s c, k thut vin tin hnh
ngng my ra sch my.
- Ngun nc s dng ra hp phi sch p ng yu cu ca Nh nc.
2.6. Tit trng
- Cc xe thng s c cng nhn a vo l tit trng.
- Mi l xp c 4 thng.
- Sau khi a vo l, cng nhn ng np l li v khi ng.
- Thi gian gi nhit i vi sn phm hp heo hm 150g l 30 pht.
- Nhit tit trng 121oC, p sut 2 kg/ cm2
- Trong cng ngh sn xut hp, cng an tit trng l mt qu trnh quan trng,
c tc dng quyt nh ti kh nng bo qun v cht lng ca thc phm. y l
bin php ct gi thc phm theo nguyn l tiu dit mm mng gy h hng thc
phm.
- Hot ng ca vi sinh vt b chm li nhit cao, protein ca cht nguyn sinh
ca vi sinh vt b ng t lm cho vi sinh vt b cht. Qu trnh ng t protein ny
khng thun nghch, nn hot ng ca vi sinh vt khng phc hi sau khi h nhit.
- Tit trng bng nhit cao ca nc nng v hi nc nng l phng php
thanh trng ph bin nht trong sn xut hp.
- Mc ch ca vic tit trng l :
Tiu dit vi sinh vt, cc h enzyme ca n nhm m bo thc phm c
bo qun lu di v khi s dng khng lm nh hng xu n sc khe
ngi tiu dng.
Khi tit trng bng nhit cn c tc dng lm chn v lm mm cc kt cu t
chc ca tht.
To hng v ring cho sn phm
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46
2.7. Lm ngui, lau kh, phun date :

- Sau khi tit trng, cng nhn tin hnh lm ngui n nhit thng ri ra sch
hp bng nc m. Nc m dng ra hp phi hp v sinh theo quy nh.
- Sau , lau kh v phun hn s dng bng my in phun.
- Nu lm ngui tt, sn phm s c nhng im li sau:
Gi c mu sc ca thc phm.
To ra mi trng bt li cho vi khun a nhit.
Lm ngui tt lm gim tc dng n mn v hp
2.8. Bo n, kim tra:
- hp sau khi c tit trng lm ngui c a n kho thnh phm. Trong
thi gian bo n cc thnh phn trong hp tip tc n nh v mt phm cht v
c th pht hin c cc hp h hng.
- Thi gian n nh hp ti thiu 15 ngy. hp khng c xut xng trong
thi gian ny. Ngi ta xp cc lon theo hnh thp nhm theo di xem cc lon chng
ln nhau c b phng lon hay khng. Nu hp lon no b phng h s lm cho lon
pha trn lon b nghing hoc b . Kt thc qu trnh bo n k thut vin s ly
mu kim tra v phn loi.
2.9. Hon thin :
- Sau khi bo n, sn phm c lau du, dn nhn, ng thng ri a xung kho
thnh phm bo qun v a i tiu th i vi tt c hp t yu cu k thut
- Sn phm c ng thng vi quy cch 72 lon/thng. hp c bo qun
nhit thng. Qu trnh ny k thut vin kim tra li trng lng hp c thay
i hay khng, v kim tra xem cng nhn c ng thng s lon hay khng bng
cch em cn ngu nhin tng hp hoc tng thng.
Ap dng GMP cho tng cng on sn xut heo hm:
Cng
STT
on
1
R ng
Cc thng s,
yu cu trong
qu trnh
Nhi t tm
tht -2 0C.
Phng c nhi t
20C.
Yu cu:
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
Cc th tc cn tun
th
Phn cng trch nhim

v biu mu gim st
Cng nhn c nhi m

v lm v sinh c
nhn.
Gim c phn xng

chu trch nhi m t chc
thc hi n quy phm ny.
Cc dng c nh: xe
y inox phi lm v
sinh trc v sau khi
Qun l sn xut chu

trch nhi m
kim tra v
sinh c nhn ca cng
47
nhn trc khi lm vi c

v ghi bo co kim tra
v sinh c nhn.
Tht khng b
nhim vi sinh.
m bo tht t
c nhi t
mong mun.
Tn tht dinh
dng t nht.
tip nh n.
Khi tip nh n, cng
nhn ghi m s l
d kim sot.
Tn tht khi
lng sn phm
t nht.
Qun l sn xut chu

trch nhi m kim tra v
sinh v kh trng trang
thit b dng c. Ghi kt
qu vo bo co kim tra
v sinh.
Gim st sn xut chu
trch nhi m kim tra v
sinh trong qu trnh sn
xut. Kt qu khi vo bo
co kim tra.
Cng nhn khu r ng c
trch nhi m thc hi n
ng quy phm ny.
Cng nhn c nhi m

v lm v sinh c
nhn.
Cc thit b -dng c
nh: my ch t tht,xe
y inox phi lm v
sinh trc v sau khi
ch t.
Nhi t phng
ch t 22C.
2
Ch t tht
Nhi t ct tht
tt nht khong
-20 C
Cho tht vo my ch t,
ch t khi tht c kch
tht thch hp bng
cch iu chnh thng
s my.
Ch t tht xong cho ra
xe y chuyn n
cng on massage.
Gim c phn xng

Cng nhn cng on
ch t tht thc hi n ng
quy phm ny.
T trng dy chuyn v
qun l cng nhn chu
trch nhi m kim tra vi c
thc hi n v ghi bo co
QC kim tra nhi t

ca tht.
Vit vo bo co.
Nhi t phng
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Cng nhn c nhi m
Gim c phn xng

48
v lm v sinh c
nhn.
Cc dng c - thit b
nh: Cn i n t, my
massage c v sinh
trc v sau khi
massage xong.
0 - 5C.
Tht c chuyn t
khu ch t tht mang
Nhi t ca tht n cn i n t, cn
t 2 - 5C.
v ghi s li u vo s
(massage)
Bn masage lm ghi chp.
vic chn
Cng nhn mang tht
khng 600-650
n thang nng cho
mmHg.
vo my.
ng np li v ci
t ch massage.

Cng nhn cng on
massage thc hi n ng
quy phm ny.
T trng dy chuyn v
qun l cng nhn chu
trch nhi m kim tra vi c
thc hi n v ghi bo co.
QC kim tra cc tnh cht
tht xem t yu cu
khng.
Sau thi gian massage

chuyn tht qua t v
lon.
V lon
Khi lng mi Cng nhn c nhi m
h p ging nhau ( v lm v sinh c

trong khong sai nhn.
s)
Cc dng c nh: bn
inox, cn nh lng,
cn i n t, xe, khay
phi lm v sinh trc
v sau khi v lon.
T trng kim tra,
gim st cng nhn.
Gim c phn xng

Cng nhn cng on v
lon thc hi n ng quy
phm ny.
T trng v qun l cng
nhn kim tra vi c thc
hi n ny v ghi vo bo
co.
Cng nhn vo h p
heo gm 150gr th
khong 100gr tht heo.
Bn c 6 cng nhn
lm vi c, cn v thm
tht cho ng nh
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49
lng.
Cui bn c ngi cho
vo hnh tm v vo
khay nhm cht ln
xe.
Rt dch,
Bi kh
ghp m
Nhit yu cu
ca dch rt >
85oC v phi rt
cch m hp l
5mm.
Cng nhn c nhi m

v lm v sinh c
nhn.
Gim c phn xng

Cc dng c thit b
nh: ni hai v,dy
chuyn rt dch bi
kh ghp m, thng
inox phi lm v sinh
trc v sau khi tin
hnh.
Cng nhn cng on rt

dch, bi kh, ghp m
thc hi n ng quy phm
ny.
T trng kim tra,

gim st cng nhn.
T trng v qun l cng

hi n ny v ghi vo bo
co.
Cng nhn k thu t

Trong phng nu, cng thng xuyn kim tra cc
nhn nu si nc cho thng s nh: cc khuyt
gia v vo ng t l
t t ca m h p, chng
khuy u
m h p,
Cng nhn cho lon ln
bn,lon chy vo bng
ti rt dch.
Cng nhn k thu t
kim tra, iu chnh.
Cng nhn dch vo
bn inox pha trn.
Sau khi lon chy qua
dy chuyn xong c
cng nhn xp vo
thng xe. Thng xe c
17 lp, mi lp 75
80 lon.
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50
Cng nhn c nhi m

v lm v sinh c
nhn.
Thi gian gi
nhit i vi sn
phm hp heo
hm 150g l 30
Ti t trng pht.Nhit
tit trng 121oC,
p sut 2 kg/ cm2
Sau khi ghp m cc

Gim c phn xng
thng xe c a vo chu trch nhi m t chc
l ti t trng ( 4 thng). thc hi n quy phm ny.
Cng nhn k thu t
ng np li v iu
chnh thng s k
thu t .
mi l c nh t k,
cng nhn theo di v
ghi li.
Cng nhn cng on ti t

trng thc hi n ng quy
phm ny.
T trng v qun l cng
hi n ny v ghi vo bo
co.
Ti t trng xong
chuyn qua phng in
date
Gim c phn xng

Bo n
Phng thong
mt, sch s
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Cng nhn c nhi m

v lm v sinh c
nhn.
Cng nhn cng on bo

n thc hi n ng quy
phm ny.
Cng nhn sp xp sn
phm theo l sn xut,
c bng ch thch ghi
r tn sn phm ngy
sn xut.
T trng v qun l cng

hi n ny v ghi vo bo
co.
K thu t vin KCS tin
hnh ly mu bt k nh
gia cm quan, kim tra vi
sinh, ha sinh,.. t th
cho qua hon thi n sn
phm.
51
Chng 3: Kho St Cc Thit B Chnh Trong

Quy Trnh Sn Xut
1. My cht tht
Cng dng: Cht nh tht ng lnh, gim kch thc nguyn liu thun li
cho cc cng on tip theo.
Thng s k thut:
- Tc quay ca dao: 400 vng/pht
- Nng sut trung bnh: 2500-3000kg/gi
- M t: 10kW- 400V-50 Hz
- S li dao: 5
Cu to:
- B np liu.
- 1 xch truyn ng gip quay trc.
- Trn trc quay c gn 5 li dao inox bn ngoi.
- Bng ti inox hot ng bng kh nn.
- H thng bng iu khin.
Nguyn tc hot ng:
Block tht ng cng v dnh li vi nhau c t ln bn v y vo b
nguyn liu. Pha di tm tht c nh l tm tht di ng c th chuyn ng ti
lui. Khi khi tht c y vo v rt trn sn my th tm tht s y khi tht
tin st li dao, ng thi li dao s quay trn cht tht thnh nhng ming tht
nh hn. Tht ra khi my c hng bng xe y t sn ti ming dao.
S c v cch khc phc:
-
S c: khong cch gia dao cht v bng ti qu nh lm cho khi tht c

mt u nh cao ng np my, gy ting n v lu di nh hng n
thit b.
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52
Cch khc phc: nhn nt iu khin chnh bng ti li v sau cho khi
tht khng b nh cao ri tip tc cht tht.
2. My massage tht
Cng dng: lm tht p thm gia v v mm tht.

Thng s k thut :
- Nng lng: 8.5 kW
- Th tch: 2500 L
- Sc cha: 1500 kg
- Tc quay: 2- 12 rpm
- Khi lng my: 1600 kg
Cu to:
- Cng nng pha trc bn massage tht
- Khung bn c th iu chnh gc quay.
- Bn massage tht c ca np nguyn liu
- H thng iu khin
Nguyn tc hot ng:
Nguyn liu c a n cng nng, cng nng s nng xe cha nguyn liu
ln gn ca nhp liu ca bn massage tht, vi gc nghing v sau, nguyn liu
c np vo, ca nhp liu ng li. C h thng cung cp mt lng nc thch
hp vi tng nguyn liu. iu chnh tc quay, thi gian quay thch hp. Khi
qu trnh quay kt thc, bn c nghing ly nguyn liu ra.
3. My ra lon
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53
Cng dng: ra sch vt du m cht bn cn bm trn lon.

Thng s k thut:
- Nng sut: 200lon/pht
- Cu to
- Bng chuyn
- H thng cp nc, lc nc, gia nhit
- Dn phun nc
- H thng iu khin
Nguyn tc hot ng:
My ra hp st kiu bng chuyn gm mt h thng bng ti bng thp khng r
v bung phun nc nng. Bng ti mang hp nm p ln lt qua cc bung. Bn
trong bung c vi phun nc b tr thnh hng lin tip nhau dc trn thnh bng
chuyn. Nh hp c phun nhiu ln trong sut thi gian di chuyn trong
bung. Hp s c phun nc nng vi nhit iu chnh ty theo loi hp. Bi
bn s c mang ra theo dng nc. Nc ra c lc li bng h thng lc
tit kim nc.
4. Ni nu nc chm
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54
Cng dng: nu nc chm

Thng s k thut:
- Th tch cha: 300 L
- p sut s dng: 300 bar
Cu to:
Thc phm c un pha trong ni, hi nc c cp vo khong trng gia hai
v. Bn ngoi ni c bc mt lp bng thy tinh cch nhit, lp v ngoi cng l
inox. Ni c th lnh p sut 5atm, khuyn ngh lm vic vi p sut la 2-2.5
atm. Ni c trang b ph kin:
- 1 ng h p lc m bo p sut ca ni, 1 van an ton kiu l xo
khng ch p sut ni trong gii hn cho php.
- Cm van x y ni gm 1 van nhnh v 1 van lin cc x x nc ngng
trong khi vn hnh.
Nguyn tc hot ng:
Cho thc phm vo ni, m t t van hi cho n ht c duy tr p sut ni nu
l 2,5 atm. Nu vt qu p sut van an ton s c x ra. Sau iu chnh van
hi vi p sut thch hp. M van nhnh trong cm van x chng 1 pht x ht
nc ngng trong ni sau kha cht van li. Duy tr p sut nu 2.5 atm n khi
thc n chn. Ly nguyn liu bng cch m van di y ni.
Bin php k thut an ton khi vn hnh my:
- K thut vin vn hnh phi mang y trang thit b bo h.
- K thut vin thc hin ng quy trnh vn hnh ni hc.
- Khng t ng iu chnh hoc ph kp ch ca van an ton. Trong ca trc phi
kim tra hot ng ca van t nht 1 ln (bng cch dng tay ko cn y ca van
nu thy x hi v li ng kn khi b tay ra l van an ton lm vic bnh thng).
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55
- Khng vn hnh my khi thiu hoc h hng 1 trong hai ph kin l van an ton
v p k.
- Lp tc ngng vn hnh ni nu nu pht hin thn ni pha trong c vt nt
hoc hi x ra v ngoi qua lp bc cch nhit. Bo co cho qun l trc tip
c bin php x l hoc bn giao cho ca sau.
S c thng gp v bin php khc phc:
- Ni nu km nhit (khng nhit nu), c th do 2 nguyn nhn sau:
+ Ngun cp hi khng cp p sut hi quy nh. khc phc cn yu
cu bn ni hi tng cng cp hi.
+ Trong ni nu phn cha hi nc ngng ng qu nhiu. khc phc
ta m van nhnh trong cm van x x trit nc ngng. Trong trng hp sau
khi x van nhnh v ng van ny li mt lc sau li xy ra hin tng km nhit (d
p sut vn quy nh) th c th cm x b tc, khi cn tho cm van x ra
v sinh, thng ra cn bn.
- Hi nc x ra u trc: ngi vn hnh cn cho k thut vin c in xit
cht cc bulong, nn tt hoc b sung tt cho cc im x h.
5. My ghp np
Cng dng: Ghp kn np hp

Thng s k thut:
- Chiu cao hp ti thiu 12-24 mm
- Chiu cao hp ti a 150mm
- Cng sut: 100-150 hp/pht
- Cu to: bng chuyn
- H thng con ln ghp m
- H thng ra
Nguyn tc hot ng:
Bng h thng bng ti, lon c chuyn n b phn chit rt nc chm ri n
b phn ghp m. Ti y cn y np lon khp vi ming lon, b phn u ghp,
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
56
con ln thc hin qu trnh ghp m. Lon sau khi ghp m theo h thng bng ti vo
bung kn, ti y h thng vi phun nc vi p lc cao s ra sch hp.
S c thng gp v cch khc phc:
Ghp m non s lm bung hoc phng lon khi em i tit trng, ghp chng 2 np
1 lc, ghp 2 m Cch khc phc: s dng lon mi, ghp m mi, iu chnh li
my ghp m.
6. H thng tit trng
Cng dng: tit trng sn phm, tiu dit vi sinh vt, tng thi gian bo qun.
Thng s k thut:
Ngun cung cp bm tun hon: 400 vng/50Hz,29.3 A
Cng sut bm tun hon: 15 kW, 1460 vng/pht
B cnh bm tun hon:
- Lu lng: 250 m3/h
- Cng sut:11,2 kW, 1470 vng/pht
- cao : 22 m
Bn tit trng:
- Dung tch: 4.1 m3
- p sut lm vic: 5kg/cm2
- Nhit lm vic 1500C
Bn tr nc:
- Dung tch 3m3
-p sut lm vic: 5kg/cm2
-Nhit lm vic: 1500C
Thng s thp gii nhit:
-Cng sut bm: 7.5 kW.1450 vng/ pht
-Lu lng: 0,9-3,1 m3/pht
Cu to
- Bn tit trng
- Bn tr nc
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
57
- Bn cha nc ngng t
- Thp gii nhit
- H thng cp gi nn, cp hi nc, cp in
- B iu khin
Nguyn tc vn hnh an ton bn tit trng h Auto:
Bc chun b:
- Chc chn ni ang sn sng hot ng.
- Kim tra cc ngun: hi, nc, kh nn y .
- ng v ci cht ca cn thn.
- Kim tra ng m cc van xem c hot ng bnh thng khng.
- Hot ng th bm tun hon v bm qut thp gii nhit.
- M CB chnh, chn ch Auto.
Bc hot ng:
- Chc chn cht ca ng.
- Kim tra li cc thng s ci t hoc chng trnh ci t sn cho sn phm cn
tit trng nh: nc, nhit tit trng, nhit kt thc gii nhit, thi gian gi
nhit
Bc kt thc:
- Khi ci bo hiu kt thc th nhn nt confirm finish, cht ca m.
- m bo p sut trong ni bng 0 kg/ cm2 mi m ca ly sn phm.
+ Ni tit trng:
- p sut khng t: Kh nn cung cp cho bn yu, van m khng ht, ca ng
khng kn. Khc phc: m ht van, ng kn ca, tng lng kh nn.
- Nhit khng t: Do ngun hi cung cp khng . Khc phc: tng p lc cung
cp hi nng.
- ng ng nc b x, van nght, thit b mch t ng b li, ng h o nhit v
p sut b h. Cc s c xy ra phi bo co kp thi sa cha v thay mi nu
cn.
- Trong qu trnh vn hnh nu h thng Auto khng ln c nhit v p sut th
chuyn sang h Manual.
- Khi gp s c bm bn cha nc ngng t cn sa cha v lun chuyn cho
bm cn li hot ng, kim tra thng xuyn trnh tnh trng bm b ngng, nc
ngng t b trn, gy tht thot nc.
- Ca bn ng khng st do b h ron, ron b mn hoc c vt l nm ca, lm
nc r ra ngoi. Khc phc: gn li ron, thay ron mi hoc kim tra b vt l ra
ngoi.
+ Sn phm trong qu trnh tit trng: Hi cung cp thiu khng nhit gia
nhit lm cho sn phm khng t yu cu. Khc phc: bo cho b phn cp hi
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58
iu chnh li lng hi cung cp. Vi cc sn phm gp s c phi bo cho b phn

KCS kim tra sn phm trc khi chuyn sang kho thnh phm.
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59
7. My phun date
Cng dng: in hn s dng ln hp

Thng s k thut;
- Tc 150 ln/ pht
- Kch thc ch in: 4 x 35 mm hoc 8 x 35 mm
- rng cun mc ruban: 35 mm
- Cng sut thm nhit: 200 W
- Kch thc my: 280-180-420 mm
- Trng lng my: 6 kg
Cu to:
- B iu khin
- Bng chuyn
- B phn pht tia sng, ng phun mc
- Hp ng mc in
Nguyn tc hot ng:
hp c xp ln bng chuyn vi tc ci t sn chy ngang qua ng
pht tia sng , sau khi pht hin c hp chy qua, ng phun mc hot ng, date s
c in ln hp, ly hp in cui bng chuyn.
Mc in b m, tc in khng ph hp vi tc bng chuyn. Khc phc: in
li date, chnh tc bng chuyn ph hp vi tc in.
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60
8. My dn nhn
Cng dng : dn nhn hp

Thng s k thut:
- Tc : 200-400 hp/pht
Cu to:
- Mm trn
- B phn dn nhn keo dn
- B iu chnh tc
Nguyn tc hot ng:
Hp c t ln mm trn, khi mm quay theo lc ly tm hp s di chuyn ra
ra rt xung bng chuyn theo gc nghing 900 ln xung, theo bng ti chuyn n
b phn dn keo, tip l vng dn nhn c np t bn di, khi hp chay ngang
qua nhn s cun quanh hp, nhn c gn chc vo thn hp bng nha thng, hai
mp nhn c dn bng h lnh, sau cng hp c ly ra cui bng chuyn.
Nhn b bung do thiu keo, kt nhn. Khc phc: tip thm keo, dn nhn li,
iu chnh lng nhn cho vo.
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61
9. My bao mng co
Cng dng: To mng bao cho sn phm

Thng s k thut
- in : 220 V/5kW
- Loi mng rt: POP, PVC, PP
- Tc bng ti:0-10m/pht
- Trng lng bng ti: 5kg
- Kch thc bung 800-400-200
- Kch thc my: 12010-710-810
Cu to:
- Dao hn v ct
- B phn treo cun mng
- Bng chuyn
- Bung sy
Nguyn tc hot ng
Hp c xp ln bng chuyn, chy n khu vc xp hp sau my thc hin
co mng bng dao hn 3000C (iu chnh ty loi mng) v ct, tip n ct lc, mi
lc 4 hp c a vo bung sy mng co cht vo hp, cui cng ra khi
bung sy c qut thi lm kh mng.
Chng 4: Kho St Ch Tiu nh Gi

Cht Lng Hp
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62
1. Cc vn vi sinh trong thc phm

1.1. Ng c thc phm
Thc phm cung cp nng lng sng cho con ngi nhng cng c th cha
cc c t vi sinh vt, c t sinh hc hoc cha cc vi sinh vt gy bnh.
Ng c thc phm thng c hiu l cc triu chng gy ra bi cc c t
ca vi sinh vt hin din trong thc phm, c th gy ng c thc phm th vi
sinh vt hin din vi s lng t bo ln v tu thuc vo tng chng loi vi
sinh vt.
Ng c thc phm thng xy ra ng thi nhiu ngi, to ra triu chng
chung. Tuy nhin mc tc ng s khc nhau ph thuc vo kh nng thch
ng vi c t v th trng khc nhau ca tng ngi. Cc triu chng thng
gp l: tiu chy, chng mt, nn ma, au nhc, au bngcc triu chng ny
thay i tu thuc vo c t ca vi sinh vt trong thc phm (ngoi c t),
trong t bo (ni c t).
Ng c cn do ngun gc thc phm tiu th nhng thc n c cha cc vi
sinh vt v sn phm ca chng, khng ph thuc vo s lng nhiu hay t, do
khng ph thuc vo s ch bin hay bo qun.
i vi thc phm, cc vi sinh vt c quan tm l cc vi sinh vt gy ng
c v gy bnh. Tuy cc vi sinh vt ny hin din vi mt rt thp trong thc
phm, nhng iu kin thch hp chng c th nhn ln nhanh chng n mc
gy bnh hay sn xut ra c t gy hi. Do mt cho php ca vi sinh
vt trong thc phm l rt thp, a s cc trng hp l bng 0.
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63
1.2. Vi sinh vt gy bnh trong thc phm

1.2.1. SAMONELLA
L trc trng gram m, hiu kh v k kh tu nghi, c kh nng di ng.
Samonella c th gy ng c thc phm khi hin din n mc c triu t bo
trong 1 gram thc phm. Cc triu chng do Samonella gy ra l tiu chy, i ma,
bun nn. Thi gian bnh k t khi tiu th thc phm b nhim cho n khi c
triu chng ng c l 12 36h. Triu chng ng c thng ko di t 2 7 ngy.
Khng phi tt c mi ngi khi tiu th thc phm nhim Samonella u b ng
c. Cc loi thc phm c nguy c b nhim Samonella cao l cc sn phm tht,
trng, thu sn. ngun gy nhim cc loi thc phm ny thng l phn ngi v
ng vt, nhim gin tip hay trc tip.
1. 2.2. STAPHYLOCOCUS AUREUS
L vi khun hiu kh hay k kh tu nghi, c hnh cu, gram dng. Loi vi khun
ny phn b khp ni, nhng ch yu c phn lp t da, mng nhy ca ngi v
ng vt mu nng. Trong thc phm vi sinh vt c nhim vo ch yu qua con
ng ch bin c cc cng on tip xc trc tip vi ngi. Nu c s hin din
vi mt cao ca vi sinh vt ny trong thc phm cho thy iu kin v sinh ca
qu trnh ch bin km, kim sot nhit trong cc cng on ch bin khng tt.
1.2.3. E.COLI
L vi sinh vt hiu kh tu tin hin din trong ng rut ca ngi v cc loi
ng vt mu nng. Hu ht khng gy hi v ng vai tr quan trng trong vic n
nh sinh l ng rut. Do s phn b rng ri trong t nhin nn E.coli d dng
nhim vo thc phm t nguyn liu hay thng qua ngun nc trong qu trnh sn
xut, ch bin. Cc dng E.coli gy bnh gy ra cc triu chng ri lon ng tiu
ho. Biu hin lm sng thay i t nh n nng, c th gy cht ngi, ph thuc
vo mc nhim, dng gy nhim v kh nng p ng ca tng ngi.
1.2.4. COLIFORMS
L nhm vi sinh vt ch th v s lng hin din ca chng trong thc phm,
nc hay cc loi mu mi trng c dng nh du hiu ch th kh nng hin
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
64
din ca cc vi sinh vt gy bnh khc. Cc nh nghin cu u cho thy rng vi s

lng cao ca coliforms trong thc phm h s hin din ca vi sinh vt gy bnh
khc cng kh cao. Tuy nhin mi quan h gia vi sinh vt gy bnh v vi sinh vt
ch th cn c nhiu tranh ci.
2. Cc phng php nh gi cht lng thc phm
2.1. Kim tra cm quan v nguyn liu v sn phm
Cc phng php kim tra cm quan thng chia thnh 3 nhm chnh: cc
phng php sai bit, phng php u tin v phng php thm d th hiu.
Trong qu trnh kim tra cm quan, ngi kim tra cm quan ch yu da vo
kinh nghim ca mnh m thc hin nhng thao tc nhanh hn, vic u tin trong
qu trnh kim tra cm quan l quan st mu sc, lt ct. Mu sc ca tht nht nht
l tht km ti, tht ti sn chc c lt ct phi mn. T l m trong tht phi t
tiu chun.
2. Kim tra ch tiu sinh ho
- o pH
- nh tnh NH3
- nh tnh H2S
2.3. Kim tra cc ch tiu vi sinh trong sn phm
- nh lng tng vi sinh vt hiu kh.
- nh lng tng s coliform.
- nh lng E.coli trong thc phm.
- Xc nh Samonella trong thc phm.
2.4. Tiu chun sn phm
Thng t s 27/2012/TT-BYT hng dn qun l ph gia thc phm
Thng t lin tch 34/N 89/2006 v nhn hng ha
TCVN 1981 : 1988
hp. Xc nh hm lng thic bng phng php chun
.
TCVN 4991 : 1989 (ISO 7937 : 1985)
Vi sinh vt hc. Hng dn chung m
Clostridium perfringens. K thut m khun lc.

TCVN 5151 : 1990 Tht v sn phm tht. Phng php xc nh hm lng ch.
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65
TCVN 5152 : 1990 Tht v sn phm ca tht. Phng php xc nh hm lng

thu ngn.
TCVN 5155 : 1990
Tht v sn phm tht. Phng php pht hin v m s
Escherichia coli.
TCVN 5156 : 1990
Tht v sn phm tht. Phng php pht hin v m s
Staphylococcus aureus.
TCVN 5166 : 1990 Sn phm thc phm. Phng php xc nh tng s bo t nm
men, nm mc
TCVN 7046 : 2002 Tht ti - Qui nh k thut.
TCVN 7047 : 2002 Tht lnh ng - Qui nh k thut.
Yu cu bn trong ca hp tht sau khi m:
Tht c mu hng, nc va sp mt tht, mt trn khng c bt, lp vecni bn trong
hp ph u v khng b bong.
Ch tiu ho l ca tht hp:
Tn ch tiu
Gii hn cho php
1. Ch s peroxyt, s mililit natri thia sulphua

(Na2S2O3) 0,002 N dng trung ho ht lng
peroxyt trong 1 kg, khng ln hn
2. T l "ci/nc"
Theo tiu chun c cng b

ca nh sn xut
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66
Ch tiu vi sinh vt ca tht hp:

Tn ch tiu
Gii hn ti a
1. Tng s nm men - nm mc, s khun lc trong 1 g sn phm
2. E.coli, s vi khun trong 1 g sn phm
3. Staphylococcus aureus, s vi khun trong 1 g sn phm
4. Clostridium perfringens, s vi khun trong 1 g sn phm
5. Clostridium botulinum, s vi khun trong 1 g sn phm
D lng kim loi nng ca tht hp :

Tn ch tiu
Gii hn ti a
1. Ch (Pb)
0,5
2. Cadimi (Cd)
0,05
3. Thic (Sn)
250
4. Thu ngn (Hg)
0,03
(mg/kg)
D lng thuc th y:
Tn ch tiu
Gii hn ti a (mg/kg)
1. H tetraxyclin
0,1
2. H cloramphenicol
Khng pht hin
D lng Hoocmon:
Tn ch tiu
Gii hn ti a (mg/kg)
1. Dietylstylbestrol
0,0
2. Testosterol
0,015
3. Estadiol
0,0005
c t nm mc:
Hm lng aflatoxin B1 ca tht hp khng ln hn 0,005 mg/kg.
Ph gia thc phm:
Thng t 27/2012/TT-BYT Hng dn vic qun l ph gia thc phm.
3.
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
Ghi nhn, bao gi, vn chuyn, bo qun sn phm

67
3.1. Ghi nhn

Theo Thng t lin tch 34/N 89/2006 v nhn hng ha.
3.2. Bao gi
Tht hp c ng trong cc hp kn, chuyn dng cho thc phm.
Hp cha tht khng c bin dng, khng c vt rng ca mi ghp,
khng b phng. Nhn hiu phi gn cht vi bao b. Cc k hiu trn bao b
phi r rng.
3.3. Vn chuyn
Phng tin vn chuyn tht hp phi kh, sch.
3.4. Bo qun
hp tht c bo qun ni kh, sch, thong mt, c mi che v trnh
nh nng mt tri. Thi gian bo qun theo cng b ca nh sn xut.
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
68
PHN 4
Qun L V Sinh
An Ton Lao ng &
X L Cht Thi
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69
1. S x l nc thi ca nh my
Nc thi
Li chn rc
B cha
Trm bm
B cn bng
B tuyn ni
B trung gian 1
B phn hy ym kh
B trung gian 2
B trung gian 3
B sinh hc hiu kh
B lng
B kh trng
Sng Si Gn
Thuyt minh qui trnh
-
Nc thi c s dng trong sinh hot v sn xut. Cha nhiu tap
cht v c v hu c t bit l hm lng lipit ln.

Nc thi t nh my c qua li chn rc. Li chn rc c nhim
v gi li cc tp cht th nh ti ni lng, rc nhm m bo cho
cc ng dn khng b nght.
Nc thi c n b cha ri n trm bm trm bm c li
chn rc.
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70
Nc t trm bm n b cn bng. b cn bng c c nc sch v

nc thi.B cn bng lm nhim v cn bng nc thi sau khi qua
li chn rc, c nhiu loi nc khc nhau nn cn phi qua b cn
bng ng nht tnh cht nc thi khi qua cc cng on tip theo.
B cn bng c s dng kh nn sc t di ln i lu cc dng
nc thi v qu trnh cn bng nhanh chng hn. B cn bng cn c
nhim v cn bng lu lng ca dng nc trc khi qua b tuyn
ni.
Nc thi c hm lng m cao, v c mt s cht hot ng b mt
do cn qua b tuyn ni loi b. Trong b tuyn ni c phn
nhm v polymer lm keo t ion lim loi nng xung y v cc cht
bt ni ln trn. Trong b tuyn ni c cn gt gt lp bt pha
trn v lp bn pha y.
Nc thi t b tuyn ni n b trung gian 1 ri n b phn hy ym
kh . b ny c th b sung thm v i sinh vt ym kh . Ri n b
trung gian 2 n b trung gian 3.

B trung gian 3 lm nhim v trung ha nc thi v sao qu trnh
phn hu k kh to ra mt s axit lm gim PH ca nc thi. Trung
ha bng NaOH to PH ti thch cho qu trnh phn gii hiu kh.

B sinh hc hiu kh c lm bng btng ct thp vi mt bng
thng dng l hnh ch nht. Hn hp bn v nc thi cho chy qua
sut chiu di ca b. Bn hot tnh l loi bn xp cha nhiu vi sinh
vt c kh nng oxi ha v khong ha cc cht hu c cha trong
nc thi. gi cho bn hot tnh trng thi l lng v m bo
oxi dng trong qu trnh oxi ho cc cht hu c th phi lun m bo
vic thong gi bng cch thng qua my thi kh. Thi gian nc lu
trong b khng lu qu 12h.

Nc thi v bn hot tnh tun hon sau khi qua b cho qua b lng.
B lng dng chn gi bn hot tnh qua x l b sinh hc hiu
kh hay mng vi sinh cht. Bn c lng xung y, bt v cc
phn t nh trn. B lng c h thng cn gt bt v bn. Bn c
a n b nn bn, nc sau khi lng c chy qua b kh trng.

B kh trng c cha NaOCl kh cc cht cn li trong . Sau d
nc c dn ra sng Si Gn .
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71
2. X l ph thi
-
i vi cc loi giy, thng carton, bao nilon... s c tp trung li v sau
bn i.
Phn ca gia sc pht sinh khu tn tr th dn dp sch s v vn chuyn
bng phng tin kn, khng chy nc, ri vi dc ng em x l, ri vi
cc ng phn mi pht sinh trong ngy.

Da tru b em bn.
Thng xuyn thu dn rc v bao b, cc loi pht sinh trong ca sn xut nh
v carrot, khoai ty....vo bao b kn sau tp trung li x l.

Rc sinh hot khng x l c c xe rc n ly hng ngy.
Cc loi m khng s dng c th em bn lm thc n gia sc.
3. V sinh phn xng sn xut

Trong bt k phn xng ch bin thc phm, v sinh l vn quan trng di
nhiu kha cnh khc nhau. C th chia v sinh thnh cc nhm: v sinh cng nhn,
v sinh my mc, v sinh o qun bo h lao ng, v sinh dng c v bn gh lm
vic, v sinh tng v sn nh, v sinh trong khi ch bin, v sinh tn tr v v sinh
vn chuyn.
4. V sinh cng nhn
- Cng nhn v thao tc lm vic ca h l mt trong nhng ngun vy nhim
tim tng. Cng nhn lm vic trong xng ch bin khng b cc bnh nhim
trng da, cc bnh ng c thc phm,cc bnh truyn nhim ly qua ng sinh
dc ,cc vt try xc trn tay chn . iu cng cn thit l mi ngi lm vic
trong xng ch bin phi v sinh sch mng tay , kiu tc thch hp v ht sc
cn thn khi chm sc v sinh c nhn.Mi ngi vo xng ch bin phi hiu
bit nhng im cn thit sau y:
Mc o qun bo h sch s.
Ra sch tay trc khi ra vo khu vc ch bin.
Ra sch tay sau khi i toilet.
Gi sch tay v o qun bo h khi ch bin.
Khng mang bt k loi thc n no vo khu vc ch bin thc phm.
Khng ht thuc trong khu vc ch bin thc phm.
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72
Khng khc nh v x mi bt c ch no trong khu vc ch bin.

- Mi ngi trc khi lm vic trong xng ch bin phi thong sut nhng
lut l quan trng ny m bo rng cc sn phm khng b vy nhim bi
h
5. V sinh my mc
- Phi ra sch v st trng tt c cc my mc mi ngy v sau khi s dng.
Trc ht cn ly tt c vn tht cn st li trong bt k ch no ca cng c ri
mi ra khp ni trong my bng x phng vi nc m tch tht v m. Sau
dng nc lnh ra my. git 99% vi khun , lc ny phi dng nc
nng 82oc phun xt ln tt c ca my mc . Khng th ra bt k my mc no
cng bng nc nng 820C m thi , bi v protein ca tht s chy trn kim loi
v nh vy s rt kh ra sch nhng vt ny .
- Sau khi lm sch v x l bng nc nng , my mc phi c lau kh . Vi
khun v vi sinh vt ch c th pht trin trn mi trng m . Nh vy trnh
s pht trin ca vi khun chng ta phi lm kh mi ni trong my . Ngoi ra ,
ngay c thp khng r vn c th b r sau vi ln b m . Do lau chi kh ro l
mt cch u t tt.
6. V sinh o qun bo h lao ng
Mi ngi lm vic trong phn xng ch bin thc phm phi mc o qun bo
h lao ng do cng ty cung cp. Hu ht o qun bo h lao ng trong cc xng
ch bin tht u c mu trng, gm o qun lao ng, o s mi hoc o khoc , giy
ng , nn hoc nn bo h chng nhit v tap d .Nhng th ny phi c gi sch
s v chng d bn khng v sinh u l mi trng sinh sn rt tt cho bt k loi vi
khun v vi sinh vt . Tp d v giy ng phi c ra sch hng ngy v c th ra
sch vi ln sau mt thi gian lm vic . Gng tay v thit b bo v tay cng cn
thit .
7. V sinh dng c v bn gh
Tt c cng c lao ng nh dao, ca v cc dng c cn thit khc cho qu trnh
ch bin u c gi sch. iu cn thit l phi gi dao lun sc bn trong mi
lc. Dao cn l mt nguy c d gy thng tch cho ngi cm dao. Vn tht v cc
sn phm tht trn con dao u tr thnh mi trng tt cho vi sinh vt pht trin, do
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
73
tt c phi c ra sch sau khi s dng v st trng mi ngy. Vn tht v cc

sn phm tht trn cng c c th l nguyn nhn ly nhim qua li gia dng c v
tht. Tng t bn gh lun c gi sch sau khi dng.
8. V sinh sn nh v tng vch trong xng ch bin
- Sn nh v tng vch phi lun gi sch: ht m v vn tht trn sn nh lm
trn trt, c th gy nguy him. Khng bao gi chy trong nhng khu vc m t.
Hng ngy sn nh phi c lm sch bng nc nng v tt hn ht l phi lm
kh. Cc khu vc m t cng l mi trng tt cho vi khun v vi sinh vt pht
trin. Trc khi ra sch sn nh th phi qut dn sn nh m bo loi b
nhng mnh tht v m trc khi chng c th vo h thng thot nc.
- Hng ngy tng vch cng c lm sch bng nc nng m bo rng
y khng cn vy nhim tht v cc sn phm tht.
9. V sinh trong lc ch bin
Trong khi ct gi tht, thnh phn b sung, cht ph gia, v bc v tt c cc loi
thc phm ch bin, iu cn thit l phi tun theo nhng iu kin v sinh tt nht.
Tht v cc sn phm ch bin hoc bt c sn phm no cng khng c tn tr
ngay trn sn kho. Thng plastic cha tht hoc sn phm tht ch c t trn sn
kho nh mt gi hay xe y. trnh vy nhim qua li cn phi lm sch tt c
cc vt cha s dng cha tht hay cc sn phm tht. Khng bao gi cha cc sn
phm tht ti chung vi cc sn phm tht chin v cc sn phm tht chin.
10. V sinh tn tr
Bt c khu vc tn tr tht v cc sn phm tht u phi sch s v v sinh. Nh
vy mi gim thiu s pht trin vi khun v s h hng ca thc phm. Tn tr tht
v cc sn phm tht nhit theo yu cu cng l mt phng cch gii quyt
vn h hng thc phm.
11. V sinh vn chuyn
Mi sn phm tht v tht ch c vn chuyn trong nhng thng cha, xe y,
thau plastic hoc xe m t sch s v v sinh . Khng chng cht tht nng trong xe
kn vn chuyn ng xa, mun vy phi h thp nhit di 10 0C v chuyn
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
74
ch trong xe lnh. Sau mi lt vn chuyn cn ra sch sn xe bng nc sch. Vn

chuyn di iu kin d bn, khng v sinh s c nhiu nguy c vy nhim nhiu
loi vi khun nguy him. Sau vi chuyn vn chuyn cn lm sch v st trng tiu
c phng tin vn chuyn.
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
75
PHN 5
Kt Lun & Kin Ngh
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
76
1. Kt lun
- Sau hn mt thng thc tp ti cng ty, em tch ly thm cho bn thn nhiu
kin thc qu gi v cch t chc qun l cng nh sn xut theo quy m cng
nghip. Su hn, thng qua vic tm hiu thc nghim, em cng c c cc kin
thc v chuyn ngnh sc sn ni chung, cng nh ton b quy trnh sn xut hp
ni ring. Hiu bit v tng nguyn liu, tham gia vo tng cng on sn xut hay
tm hiu cch vn hnh tng loi thit b u l nhng kinh nghim b ch i
sinh vin chuyn ngnh Cng ngh thc phm chng em cho vic lm n sau ny
v xa hn l cho cng tc lm vic sau khi ra trng.
2. Kin ngh
- Tuy nhin nng cao nng sut v gi c cht lng n nh cho cc sn
phm, cng ty cn y mnh nghin cu v hon thnh cc gii php cng ngh ph
hp.Qua tm hiu, em xin c xut mt s kin nh sau:
- hn ch mc thp nht cc hao ht vt liu nn ch mua nhng nguyn liu
nh hnh tm, ti to ng u th qu trnh gt v s d dng v trnh tht thu.
- Do nh my c xy dng t lu nn vn cn mt s my mc v trang thit b
th cng hoc bn t ng c, nn c thay th bng cc loi my mc, thit b
t ng ha nng cao nng sut. Tit kim thi gian cng nh chi ph nhn cng.
- Khc phc vic cn th cng bng tay nng cao nng sut.
- Nn nh thng xuyn c xi ra tuy sch nhng gy m t v trn trt,
cn nghin cu khc phc.
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
77
Ti liu tham kho

[1]. Nhiu tc gi, Gio trnh Cng ngh ch bin sc sn, thy sn, Trng i hc
Cng Nghip TpHCM 2009.
[2]. Trn c Ba, C s k thut lnh thc phm, Trng i hc Bch Khoa
TpHCM 1990.
[3]. L Ngc T v nhiu tc gi, Ha hc thc phm, NXB Khoa hc v K thut
H Ni 2002.
[4]. Nguyn c Lng, V sinh v an ton thc phm NXB H Quc gia
TpHCM.
[5]. Nguyn Trng Cn, Minh Phng, Nguyn L H (2008) Cng Ngh
hp v thy sn Gia sc gia cm NXB Khoa hc K thut.
[6]. Danh mc tiu chun v sinh i vi lng thc, thc phm (1998) B Y T.
[7]. Ti liu do cng ty VISSAN cung cp.
[8]. TCVN 3973_1984 Tiu chun ca mui trong ch bin.
[9]. TCVN 1695_1987 Tiu chun ca ng trong ch bin.
[10].TCVN 1459_1974 Tiu chun ca bt ngt trong ch bin.
[11]. TCVN 7046_ 2002 Tiu chun ca tht ti.
[12].TCVN 5501_1991 Tiu chun nc ung.
[13].TCVN 7048_2002 Tiu chun tht hp.
[14]. Quyt nh s 867/1998/Q-BYT v "Danh mc tiu chun v sinh i vi
lng thc, thc phm".
[15]. Ch bin bo qun tht v sa PGS.TS Nguyn Ngc Tun- TS.L Thanh Hin
SVTH: Phan Trng Hng
78

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B Cng Thng

Trng i hc Cng Nghip Tp H Ch Minh

TM HIU QUY TRNH SN XUT

: NGUYN HUNH NH THUN

TP HCM, thng 5 - 2015

SVTH: Phan Trng Hng

Bo co thc tp cng ty VISSAN

GVHD: Nguyn Hunh nh Thun

SVTH: Phan Trng Hng

Bo co thc tp cng ty VISSAN

GVHD: Nguyn Hunh nh Thun

Khoa: Vin Cng Ngh Sinh Hc V Thc Phm

SVTH: Phan Trng Hng

Bo co thc tp cng ty VISSAN

GVHD: Nguyn Hunh nh Thun

Nhn Xt Ca Gio Vin Hng Dn

SVTH: Phan Trng Hng

TP.HCM, ngy ..........thng..........nm 2015

Bo co thc tp cng ty VISSAN

GVHD: Nguyn Hunh nh Thun

SVTH: Phan Trng Hng

Bo co thc tp cng ty VISSAN

GVHD: Nguyn Hunh nh Thun

Chng 3: Cc Sn Phm Ca Cng Ty...........................................................20

Mui nitrit, nitrat..........................................................................33

3. Cc tnh cht ca nguyn liu tht.............................................................35

Bo co thc tp cng ty VISSAN

GVHD: Nguyn Hunh nh Thun

3.4. Thnh phn dinh dng ca tht heo.................................................39

Bo co thc tp cng ty VISSAN

GVHD: Nguyn Hunh nh Thun

1.2. Vi sinh vt gy bnh trong thc phm...............................................64

Bo co thc tp cng ty VISSAN

GVHD: Nguyn Hunh nh Thun

SVTH: Phan Trng Hng

Bo co thc tp cng ty VISSAN

GVHD: Nguyn Hunh nh Thun

SVTH: Phan Trng Hng

Bo co thc tp cng ty VISSAN

GVHD: Nguyn Hunh nh Thun

Chng 1: Tng Quan V Cng Ty

Hnh 1.1 Cng ty VISSAN

Email: vissan@hcm.fpt.vn , vissanco@vissan.com.vn

SVTH: Phan Trng Hng

Bo co thc tp cng ty VISSAN

GVHD: Nguyn Hunh nh Thun

Nm 1984-1986 cng ty pht trin nhiu mt hng nh hp ng vi cc tri

SVTH: Phan Trng Hng

Bo co thc tp cng ty VISSAN

GVHD: Nguyn Hunh nh Thun

Cng ty VISSAN l mt doanh nghip Nh nc, c con du ring v hch ton

Hnh 1.2 Kho vn chuyn

Hnh 1.3 Ca hng phn phi sn phm

SVTH: Phan Trng Hng

Bo co thc tp cng ty VISSAN

GVHD: Nguyn Hunh nh Thun

Sn phm ca VISSAN hin nay c ch ng vng chc trn th trng, vi

Hnh 1.4 Kinh doanh hp ti cc siu th

SVTH: Phan Trng Hng

Bo co thc tp cng ty VISSAN

GVHD: Nguyn Hunh nh Thun

2.3. Nng lc sn xut

Hnh 1.5 Dy chuyn git m