statistical

report
2 13

Contents

1 FOREWORD

1: Primary Energy Consumption

2: Final Energy Consumption

3: inland Deliveries of Natural Gas

4: Natural Gas Supplies

5: LNG Imports

6: Storage Facilities

7: Natural Gas Industry in Figures

8: Natural Gas Reserves

10

9: expectations for 2013

11

10: The European Natural Gas Grid in 2013

12

appendix

Foreword

by the secretary general

Dear Reader,
I am pleased to introduce this years Eurogas Statistical
Report and to summarise its main findings. We are happy
to know that this report is appreciated for the information
that it provides and the soundness of the data collection
on which it is based. It is our endeavour to keep up
this standard.

The statistical data presented in this report has been

collated with the assistance of the national gas associations
and member companies of Eurogas. Additionally, for a full
picture of the European Union, data was kindly provided
by the natural gas company from Estonia (EestiGas) and
by the Energy Institute Hrvoje Pozar for Croatia.

In view of the EU moving towards a low-carbon energy

system, 2012 was, for the second year running, both an
encouraging and a disappointing year. On the positive
side, the use of renewable energy sources other than hydro
in primary energy consumption rose by 11%, compared
with 2011. On the negative side, the use of gas declined
by 2%, whereas that of higher carbon solid fossil fuels
rose by 2%. Even though total gas demand rose in some
countries, the continuing economic crisis and the low use
of gas in the power sector took their toll on overall gas
consumption in 2012.

As a consequence of the increasing number of players in

the liberalised European natural gas market and cross
border trading, it is proving more difficult to collect energy
data on a national basis. The data in this report is based
on available national and gas industry information, com
pleted with best estimates, which Eurogas has combined
to provide the most comprehensive survey at the time of
publication. Where no data was available, own estimates
have been produced and supplemented with data from
international organisations in order to estimate the EU
total. Comments and comparisons between 2012 and
2011 refer to the EU totals.

On average, energy use per capita in the EU Member

States continues to be slightly lower than that of Japan
and substantially lower than that of the United States
of America.
In power generation, gas consumption experienced a
slump in demand of 17% in 2012. On a positive note,
although transport only made up 0.4% of natural gas
sales, the volumes delivered continued to increase.

Members of the Eurogas Statistics and Forecasting

Committee have made a substantial contribution to this
report. The Eurogas experts are at your disposal to answer
any questions that you may have on this report.
Beate Raabe,
Secretary General

On the gas production side, gas supplies from EU

Member States continued to account for 33% of total
supplies in 2012 and were still the largest source for EU
customers, followed by Russia (23%), Norway (22%) and
Algeria (9%). Both Norway and Algeria shipped the gas
by pipeline and as liquefied natural gas (LNG). Other
sources from different parts of the world contributed the
remaining 13% nearly all supplying gas by LNG. Factors
such as the drop in gas demand and the strong competition
for LNG in the global market, especially from Japan,
led to a decrease in LNG imports. When considering net
gas imports to the EU from non-EU countries, 18% was
delivered as LNG.

Statistical Report 2 13

Primary energy
consumption

In 2012, primary energy consumption in the European

Union (EU) decreased by 1% compared with 2011, to
1 699 Mtoe. Consumption of natural gas decreased by
2%, oil by 4% and nuclear by 3%, whereas consumption
of hydropower increased by 6% and other renewable
energy sources by 11%.

The consumption of solid fossil fuels (i.e. coal and peat)

increased by 2%, reflecting the price competitiveness
of coal throughout 2012.

Primary Energy Consumption by Fuel in the EU-28, Switzerland and Turkey, 2012
Total

% Change
2012/2011

Mtoe

Oil

AUSTRIA

12.1

3.2

7.5

0.0

3.8

6.5

0.2

0.9

34.1

0%

BELGIUM

23.1

2.7

13.8

10.5

0.0

5.7

0.9

0.1

56.8

-2%

Solid
fossil fuels

Natural
gas

Nuclear
electricity

Hydro

Other
Electricity
renewables net imports

Others

BULGARIA

3.8

7.0

2.3

3.6

0.7

0.3

0.0

0.0

17.7

-7%

CROATIA

3.3

0.6

2.4

0.0

0.4

0.6

0.7

0.0

8.0

-5%

CYPRUS

2.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.0

2.3

-5%

CZECH REPUBLIC

9.0

18.9

7.1

7.9

2.5

0.2

-1.5

0.0

44.2

-3%

DENMARK

6.9

2.6

3.5

0.0

0.0

4.4

0.4

0.4

18.1

-4%

ESTONIA

0.5

3.8

0.5

0.0

0.0

0.8

-0.2

0.0

5.5

-1%

FINLAND

7.8

4.7

2.8

5.7

1.4

7.7

1.5

0.9

32.5

-2%

FRANCE

78.4

10.9

38.0

110.9

7.1

17.1

-3.8

0.0

258.4

0%

108.4

81.5

70.5

25.9

1.9

35.8

-2.0

6.3

328.3

1%

11.6

8.2

3.6

0.0

0.4

1.9

0.2

0.0

25.9

-15%
-6%

GERMANY
GREECE
HUNGARY

8.3

2.8

7.7

4.1

0.0

2.0

0.7

0.0

25.6

IRELAND

6.2

2.3

4.0

0.0

0.1

0.8

0.0

0.0

13.5

-5%

63.6

16.6

61.4

0.0

3.7

23.1

3.7

0.0

172.0

-3%

LATVIA

1.4

0.1

1.2

0.0

0.5

1.1

0.1

0.1

4.5

0%

LITHUANIA

2.5

0.2

2.7

0.0

0.0

1.2

0.6

0.2

7.4

1%

LUXEMBOURG

2.8

0.1

1.1

0.0

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.0

4.5

-2%
22%

ITALY

1.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.0

1.0

NETHERLANDS

30.5

8.2

32.8

0.9

0.0

3.2

1.5

1.3

78.5

1%

POLAND

24.3

51.0

13.6

0.0

0.2

8.6

-0.2

0.8

98.1

-3%

MALTA

PORTUGAL

9.3

2.9

4.0

0.0

0.5

5.1

0.7

0.1

22.6

-4%

ROMANIA

8.8

6.7

11.2

2.6

2.8

0.6

0.0

0.0

32.7

-5%

SLOVAKIA

3.3

3.6

4.4

3.8

0.3

1.3

0.0

0.0

16.7

-2%

SLOVENIA

2.5

1.4

0.7

1.4

0.3

0.7

-0.1

0.0

7.0

-5%

SPAIN

54.1

15.0

28.2

16.0

1.8

14.0

-1.0

0.2

128.3

-1%

SWEDEN

14.6

1.8

1.0

16.1

6.7

13.0

-1.7

0.0

51.6

3%

UNITED KINGDOM

69.6

39.7

66.4

15.2

0.5

9.6

1.0

1.1

203.1

2%

569.7

296.4

392.4

224.6

35.6

165.8

2.1

12.4

1 699.0

-1%

EU-28
% Change 2012/2011

-4%

2%

-2%

-3%

6%

11%

16%

7%

-1%

SWITZERLAND

12.0

0.1

2.9

6.3

3.4

1.4

-0.2

1.3

27.4

2%

TURKEY

36.1

32.2

42.6

0.0

5.0

5.8

0.5

15.0

137.2

4%

Units: million tonnes of oil equivalent (net calorific value).

Note: other renewables includes biomass, wind, solar and geothermal energy.
figures are best estimates available at the time of publication.

Share of Primary Energy Consumption by Fuel in the EU-28, 2011 and 2012
50%
34.7

33.5
23.4
17.0

17.4

23.1
13.4 13.2
8.7

0%

EUROGAS

2.0

2.1

9.8
0.1

0.1

0.7

0.7

2011
2012

Primary energy use per capita (PEC/Capita) reflects both

the geography and the industrial structure of a country.
Accordingly, it varies widely among EU Member States.
As a result of poor economic growth and of energy efficiency
efforts, the average primary energy consumption per
capita in the EU in 2012 decreased by 1% to 3.35 tonnes
of oil equivalent (toe) in comparison with 2011. It has
decreased by 8% in comparison with 2007. On average,
EU Member States have a slightly lower energy use

per capita than Japan and substantially lower than

the USA.

Primary Energy Consumption

per Capita and per Unit of GDP, 2012

Share of Natural Gas in

Primary Energy Consumption, 2012

Energy intensity, as measured by PEC per unit of gross

domestic product (GDP), is a measure of the energy
efficiency of a nations economy and indicates the cost of
converting energy into GDP. In 2012, the energy intensity
in EU Member States decreased by 1% compared
with 2011.

0%

PEC/Capita*

PEC/GDP**

AUSTRIA

4.06

0.13

netherlands

BELGIUM

5.12

0.17

lithuania

BULGARIA

2.41

0.65

CROATIA

1.87

0.22

CYPRUS

2.62

0.15

CZECH REPUBLIC

4.21

0.37

DENMARK

3.25

0.09

turkey

ESTONIA

4.15

0.43

croatia

FINLAND

6.02

0.19

FRANCE

3.96

0.14

GERMANY

4.01

0.13

GREECE

2.33

0.15

latvia

HUNGARY

2.58

0.29

slovakia

IRELAND

2.93

0.08

belgium

ITALY

2.83

0.12

LATVIA

2.21

0.33

LITHUANIA

2.47

0.31

toe

italy
romania
united kingdom

hungary
ireland

luxembourg
eu-28

23.1%

spain

LUXEMBOURG

8.48

0.13

MALTA

2.51

0.19

austria

NETHERLANDS

4.69

0.14

germany

POLAND

2.55

0.30

PORTUGAL

2.15

0.15

ROMANIA

1.63

0.35

denmark
portugal
czech republic

SLOVAKIA

3.09

0.33

SLOVENIA

3.40

0.23

france

SPAIN

2.74

0.14

greece

SWEDEN

5.44

0.15

UNITED KINGDOM

3.20

0.11

EU-28

3.35

0.14

poland
bulgaria

SWITZERLAND

3.49

0.08

switzerland

TURKEY

1.86

0.27

slovenia

UNITED STATES

6.77

0.19

estonia

JAPAN

3.55

0.12

finland

* Units: tonnes of oil equivalent per capita. Eurostat figures

for population.
** Units: tonnes of oil equivalent per thousand euros of GDP.
Eurostat figures for GDP (in millions of euro, chain-linked
volumes, reference year 2005 at 2005s exchange rates).

50%

sweden
cyprus
malta

The primary energy

consumption (PEC) of a
country is defined as the
total gross energy supply
(indigenous production
plus net imports) before
any conversion of primary
energy into final energy
forms has taken place.
Primary energy
consumption includes
net energy losses in the
production of electricity
and synthetic gas,
refinery use, and other
energy sector uses and
losses (i.e. transformation
and distribution losses).

For the second year in a row, the share of natural gas fell to 23.1% in comparison with 23.4% in 2011 and 25% in 2010.

Statistical Report 2 13

Final energy
consumption

In 2011, final energy consumption in the EU decreased

by 2% to 1 188 Mtoe compared with 2010. Due to the
sluggish economic situation, the final consumption of
all fuels decreased, except for the category others that
includes renewables and heat, which increased by 4%.
In 2011, natural gas use in final energy consumption
decreased by 8%, oil products by 1%, solid fossil fuels
by 3% and electricity by 2%.

Natural gas is still the second fuel used in final energy

consumption with a share of 22%, ahead of electricity at
20% and behind oil products which remain the largest
component of final energy consumption with a share
of 42%.

Final Energy Consumption by Fuel in the EU-28, Switzerland and Turkey, 2011
Mtoe

Oil
products

Solid
fossil fuels

Natural
gas

Electricity

Others

Total

% Change
2011/2010

AUSTRIA

9.9

0.4

4.4

5.2

6.0

26.0

-2%

BELGIUM

21.7

1.4

14.9

7.1

1.8

46.9

6%

BULGARIA

3.1

0.5

1.5

2.4

2.1

9.6

6%

CROATIA

3.0

0.1

1.6

1.4

0.7

6.7

-2%

CYPRUS

1.1

0.0

0.0

0.4

0.1

1.7

-4%

CZECH REPUBLIC

7.0

4.7

5.8

4.7

3.5

25.7

-4%

DENMARK

6.7

0.1

1.7

2.7

4.2

15.4

1%

ESTONIA

0.9

0.1

0.1

0.6

1.0

2.7

-3%

FINLAND

8.9

0.8

1.3

8.7

6.6

26.3

1%

FRANCE

75.7

5.4

30.7

36.3

12.9

161.1

1%

GERMANY

77.4

11.5

48.7

44.8

29.7

212.1

-5%

GREECE

12.6

0.3

0.9

4.2

1.7

19.7

-5%

5.8

0.4

6.2

3.0

2.3

17.7

-2%

HUNGARY

6.6

0.6

1.6

2.1

0.3

11.2

-4%

60.4

4.5

39.2

26.0

4.9

134.9

-3%

LATVIA

1.5

0.1

0.4

0.5

1.6

4.1

-5%

LITHUANIA

1.8

0.2

1.6

0.7

1.6

5.9

9%

LUXEMBOURG

2.9

0.1

0.6

0.6

0.2

4.3

0%

MALTA

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.4

9%

NETHERLANDS

28.5

2.0

19.3

10.1

16.5

76.4

9%

POLAND

22.9

11.8

10.4

10.5

11.9

67.4

-3%

PORTUGAL

8.3

0.0

1.5

4.2

2.9

16.9

-5%

ROMANIA

7.2

0.7

7.0

3.7

5.3

23.9

1%

SLOVAKIA

2.5

0.9

2.5

2.1

1.2

9.3

-7%

IRELAND
ITALY

2.5

0.1

0.6

1.1

0.8

5.0

-1%

43.7

1.9

14.1

20.6

5.8

86.1

-6%

9.5

1.3

0.5

10.8

10.7

32.9

-3%

65.4

2.4

39.1

27.3

3.7

137.9

-8%

497.7

52.4

256.2

242.0

139.9

1 188.2

-2%

% Change 2011/2010

-1%

-3%

-8%

-2%

4%

-2%

SWITZERLAND

10.9

0.1

2.5

5.0

1.8

20.3

-7%

TURKEY

28.2

26.5

40.0

19.8

0.0

114.5

48%

SLOVENIA
SPAIN
SWEDEN
UNITED KINGDOM
EU-28

The final energy

consumption (FEC) is
calculated from the sectoral
use of energy, for which
reliable data is available
with a significant time lag.
The FEC figures are shown
for 2011. FEC is equivalent
to PEC but excludes net
energy losses from the
production of electricity
and synthetic gas, refinery
use and other energy
sector uses and losses
(i.e. transformation and
distribution losses).
The major part of the
difference can be attributed
to the conversion of primary
fuels into electricity.

Units: million tonnes of oil equivalent (net calorific value).

Note: figures are best estimates available at the time of publication.

Share of Final Energy Consumption by Fuel in the EU-28, 2010 and 2011
50%
41.3 41.9

22.9 21.6

20.3

20.4
11.1 11.8

4.5

0%

EUROGAS

4.4

2010
2011

Inland deliveries
of natural gas

In 2012, total gas consumption in the European Union

has witnessed a decline for the second year running, with
demand in power generation affected most. Natural gas
demand from 2011 to 2012 decreased by 2%, to 5 061 TWh.
Although the natural gas markets vary significantly
across Europe, some general trends by sector can be
distinguished for most of the EU Member States.
In the residential and commercial sector, lower temperatures
during the heating season and the cold snap in February
2012 led to an increase in gas demand of 6% compared
with 2011, which had been characterised by very mild
weather conditions. The higher demand for heating in this
sector of the EU somewhat limited the total decline.
In the power sector, the significant drop of 17% in the use
of gas to generate electricity can be attributed to the rising
generation of electricity from renewables in combination
with stagnating power demand, which have reduced the

share of fossil fuels in the total power generation. However,

among fossil fuels, coal and lignite have continued to
displace gas due to favourable market fundamentals.
The increasing competitiveness of coal in the EU is based
on decreasing coal prices that are compounded by prices
for carbon credits in the EUs Emission Trading System.
These have fallen to new lows over the past year as a result
of the economic recession and a weak power demand.
After two years of recovery, industry across the EU-28
in 2012 again displayed a negative development with an
average rate of decline in industrial production of -2.1%
in comparison with 2011, according to Eurostat. The dip
in industrial production contributed to a reduced gas
consumption of 1% in the sector.
Transport represented only 0.4% of natural gas sales
in 2012, but the volumes delivered increased by 6%
compared with 2011.

Inland Sales of Natural Gas in the EU-28, Switzerland and Turkey, 2012
TWh

Residential

Industry

& commercial

Power
plants

Transport

Others
uses

Total inland % Change

sales
2012/2011

AUSTRIA

27.4

34.2

22.6

0.1

11.6

95.9

BELGIUM

62.0

57.5

46.9

0.1

12.4

178.8

1%

BULGARIA

1.1

15.2

10.8

0.6

1.9

29.6

-8%

CROATIA

8.3

10.2

7.8

0.0

4.8

31.2

-6%

CYPRUS

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

CZECH REPUBLIC

38.8

45.8

0.0

0.1

1.6

86.3

1%

DENMARK

10.7

9.5

5.8

0.0

11.4

37.5

-8%

ESTONIA

0.9

0.7

0.2

0.0

5.0

6.8

4%

FINLAND

0.9

19.0

18.9

0.1

0.0

38.8

-10%

FRANCE

282.7

146.8

48.3

1.3

13.3

492.4

4%

GERMANY

393.2

368.0

135.0

2.8

10.1

909.1

1%

5.4

9.5

32.0

0.2

0.0

47.1

-8%

34.6

41.5

26.6

0.0

4.5

107.4

-10%

GREECE
HUNGARY
IRELAND
ITALY

13.0

6.2

32.6

0.0

0.8

52.6

-3%

330.0

166.4

265.7

9.6

21.0

792.6

-4%

3.3

2.2

9.7

0.0

0.0

15.2

-6%

LITHUANIA

2.8

18.3

12.7

0.0

0.4

34.2

-2%

LUXEMBOURG

4.5

3.4

5.8

0.0

0.0

13.7

2%

NETHERLANDS

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

211.7

141.5

65.0

0.0

8.0

426.2

-4%

68.1

66.7

16.5

3.3

22.4

176.9

6%

PORTUGAL

6.5

31.3

11.9

0.0

0.4

50.1

-13%

ROMANIA

44.3

52.9

34.3

0.0

13.1

144.7

-4%

SLOVAKIA

20.5

18.2

11.6

0.1

4.8

55.3

-4%

SLOVENIA

3.1

4.4

0.6

0.0

0.1

8.3

-6%

48.7

133.6

179.4

0.9

0.0

362.6

-3%

POLAND

SPAIN
SWEDEN
UNITED KINGDOM
EU-28
% Change 2012/2011
SWITZERLAND
TURKEY

2011

-5%

LATVIA

MALTA

EU-28 Natural Gas

Sales by Sector,
2011 and 2012

1.8

5.8

4.7

0.7

0.0

12.9

-14%

425.7

166.3

235.9

0.0

27.1

855.0

-5%

2 049.8

1 575.0

1 241.5

19.8

174.7

5 060.9

-2%

6%

-1%

-17%

6%

10%

-2%

21.7

11.0

2.5

0.2

2.4

37.8

10%

122.0

117.4

230.2

0.2

11.5

481.4

4%

0.4 3

29

37

100%

31

2012
0.4 3
25
41

100%

31

Inland deliveries represent

deliveries of marketable
gas to the inland market,
including gas used by the
gas industry for heating
and operating their
equipment, and includes
losses in distribution.

Units: terawatt hours (gross calorific value).

Note: figures are best estimates available at the time of publication.

Statistical Report 2 13

Natural gas
supplies

In 2012, indigenous production remained the largest

source of gas for EU customers, making up 33% of the total
supplies. It nevertheless decreased by 7% compared with
2011 to 1712 TWh (159 bcm), due to the low demand and
ongoing decline in the mature production basins. The main
external sources of supply were Russia at 23%, although

shipping lower volumes of gas by pipeline in comparison

with 2011, followed by Norway at 22% and Algeria at 9%,
who both supplied pipeline gas and liquefied natural gas
(LNG). Other sources from different parts of the world
delivered the balance of 13% nearly all as LNG, including
Qatar, which remains Europes leading LNG provider.

Natural gas supplies in the EU-28, Switzerland and Turkey, 2012

TWh

Indigenous
production

Russia

Norway

Algeria

Qatar

Other
sources*

Changes in
stocks**

Others
balances

AUSTRIA

20.2

57.6

14.5

0.0

0.0

10.6

-7.1

0.0

95.9

0.0

0.6

65.9

0.0

29.9

84.5

-1.7

-0.5

178.8

1%

BULGARIA

3.5

26.3

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

1.2

-1.5

29.6

-8%

-5%

-64%

CROATIA

21.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

11.6

-1.5

0.0

31.2

CYPRUS

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

CZECH REPUBLIC

1.7

49.6

9.6

0.0

0.0

18.2

7.5

-0.2

86.3

1%
-8%

DENMARK

67.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

-24.4

2.3

-7.6

37.5

ESTONIA

0.0

6.8

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

6.8

4%

FINLAND

0.0

38.8

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

38.8

-11%
4%

5.8

78.8

210.1

45.9

20.8

125.5

9.9

-4.4

492.4

120.1

339.5

265.5

0.0

0.0

180.4

3.6

0.0

909.1

1%

0.0

26.2

2.4

8.4

0.0

10.5

-0.2

-0.2

47.1

-8%

HUNGARY

23.4

85.8

0.0

0.0

0.0

-8.8

6.9

0.0

107.4

-10%

IRELAND

2.4

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

49.6

0.6

0.0

52.6

-3%

91.0

228.7

38.2

230.3

64.2

153.7

-13.5

0.0

792.6

-4%

GERMANY
GREECE

ITALY
LATVIA

0.0

15.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

15.2

-6%

LITHUANIA

0.0

56.9

0.0

0.0

0.0

-22.7

0.0

0.0

34.2

-2%

LUXEMBOURG

0.0

3.3

7.1

0.0

0.0

3.3

0.0

0.0

13.7

2%

MALTA

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

742.7

22.1

216.7

0.5

0.0

-556.8

1.1

-0.1

426.2

-4%

49.5

103.6

0.0

0.0

0.0

26.2

-3.5

1.1

176.9

6%

0.0

0.0

0.0

27.1

1.8

21.1

-0.1

0.1

50.1

-13%

NETHERLANDS
POLAND
PORTUGAL
ROMANIA

109.5

35.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

-3.4

3.5

144.7

-4%

SLOVAKIA

0.9

46.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

12.2

-4.1

0.0

55.3

-4%

SLOVENIA

0.0

5.0

0.0

1.9

0.0

1.4

0.0

0.0

8.3

-6%

SPAIN

1.1

0.0

19.6

160.3

46.2

137.6

-1.7

-0.4

362.6

-3%

SWEDEN

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

13.0

-0.1

0.0

12.9

-14%

452.1

0.0

296.3

1.3

144.3

-38.6

-0.3

-0.1

855.0

-5%

1 712.1

1 226.0

1 146.0

475.6

307.2

208.1

-4.0

-10.2

5 060.9

-2%

-7%

-7%

11%

-4%

-27%

6%

-97%

-36%

-2%

UNITED KINGDOM
EU-28
% Change 2012/2011
SWITZERLAND

0.0

8.7

9.1

0.0

0.0

20.0

0.0

0.0

37.8

10%

TURKEY

6.7

281.9

0.0

43.4

0.0

156.9

-7.3

-0.2

481.4

4%

Units: terawatt hour (gross calorific value).

Note: Figures are best estimates available at the time of publication.

Natural gas supplies

(or inland consumption
calculated) are defined
as: indigenous
production + imports exports + stock changes.

* Including net exports.

** (-) Injection / (+) Withdrawal.

For Austria, the Norwegian volume for 2012 was left unchanged from 2011 due to unreliable data.

Breakdown of EU-28 Supplies, 2011 and 2012

2011
nigeria 3

0.1 yemen

2 others

qatar
algeria

2012
0.5 libya
0.4 peru

egypt 0.8
trinidad tobago 0.8

33

indigenous production

trinidad tobago 0.6

libya 1
nigeria 2

qatar

algeria

russia

0.5 peru
0.4 egypt
2 others

6
9

100%

33

indigenous production

100%
russia

24
19

EUROGAS

% Change
2012/2011

BELGIUM

FRANCE

Total net
supplies

norway

23
22

norway

LNG
imports

Factors such as the drop in gas demand and the strong

competition for LNG in the global market, especially
from Japan, led to a decrease in LNG imports in 2012.

Compared with 2011, LNG supplies in the EU decreased by

28% in 2012 to 632 TWh. Qatar remained Europes leading
LNG provider with a share of 45% in the EU LNG imports.

LNG Supplies in EU-28 and Turkey, 2012

LNG IMPORTS to EU-28, 2005 - 2012

LNG
net imports

TWh

% change
2012/2011

BELGIUM

29.9

-3%

FRANCE

114.2

-30%

GREECE

14.8

10%

ITALY

77.1

-18%

TWh GCV
1000
800
600

9.5

1%

22.9

-30%

SPAIN

215.0

-16%

200

UNITED KINGDOM

147.9

-45%

EU-28

631.3

-28%

83.7

21%

NETHERLANDS
PORTUGAL

TURKEY

400

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Units: terawatt hours (gross calorific value).

In 2012, 18% of the EUs net imports was made up of LNG, which is back to the level of 2009.
Breakdown of EU-28 LNG Supplies, 2011 and 2012
2011
yemen
1
peru
3 2 2
norway
5
egypt
5

2012
0.2 oman
0.1 libya
others

trinidad tobago
algeria

48

100%

16

peru
trinidad tobago

others

3 4

norway

algeria

17

qatar

18

nigeria

egypt

45

100%

qatar

17

nigeria

Net Imports to EU-28 from non-EU countries by Type of Transport, 2011 and 2012

2011

2012
24

18

lng

100%

pipelines

76

The EU LNG regasification capacity has more than doubled

in the past five years. In 2011, the first Dutch LNG import
terminal went into operation and its regasification capacity
grew from 9.4 bcm in its first year to 12.7 bcm in 2012.

lng

100%

pipelines

82

The 19 LNG terminals in the EU in 2012 provided a total

nominal regasification capacity of 191 bcm1 (or about 2 063
TWh) per year of gas. With lower LNG imports the average
utilization rate of regasification terminals dropped in 2012.

Source: IEA Natural Gas Information, 2013.

Statistical Report 2 13

Storage
facilities

The figures show natural gas

storage facilities for peak
shaving, seasonal variations
and strategic security of supply.

Natural Gas Storage in the EU-28, Switzerland and Turkey, at 1 January 2013

AUSTRIA
BELGIUM
BULGARIA
CROATIA
CYPRUS
CZECH REPUBLIC
DENMARK
ESTONIA
FINLAND
FRANCE
GERMANY
GREECE
HUNGARY
IRELAND
ITALY
LATVIA
LITHUANIA

AUSTRIA
BELGIUM
BULGARIA
CROATIA
CYPRUS
CZECH REPUBLIC
DENMARK
ESTONIA
FINLAND
FRANCE
GERMANY
GREECE
HUNGARY
IRELAND
ITALY
LATVIA
LITHUANIA
LUXEMBOURG
MALTA
NETHERLANDS
POLAND
PORTUGAL
ROMANIA
SLOVAKIA
SLOVENIA
SPAIN
SWEDEN
UNITED KINGDOM
EU-28
SWITZERLAND
TURKEY

EUROGAS

Maximum
working
volume *

Maximum
withdrawal
capacity **

7
2
1
1
0
8
2
0
0
16
50
0
5
1
10
1
0

7 451
928
550
553
0
3 487
1 035
0
0
15 487
22 672
0
6 130
230
15 620
2 325
0

85.1
57.0
4.2
5.8
0.0
57.3
25.2
0.0
0.0
212.0
626.0
0.0
80.0
2.7
274.6
30.0
0.0

LUXEMBOURG
MALTA
NETHERLANDS
POLAND
PORTUGAL
ROMANIA
SLOVAKIA
SLOVENIA
SPAIN
SWEDEN
UNITED KINGDOM
EU-28
SWITZERLAND
TURKEY

Number
of storage
facilities

Maximum
working
volume *

0
0
5
8
3
8
1
0
4
1
8
142
0
1

0
0
5 078
2 048
181
3 100
2 940
0
2 443
9
4 330
96 597
0
2 661

Maximum
withdrawal
capacity **
0.0
0.0
177.0
36.6
7.1
30.3
43.0
0.0
12.8
0.9
154.0
1 921.7
0.0
20.0

* Units: million cubic metres.

** Units: million cubic metres per day.

Natural gas
industry in figures

As of 1 January 2013

Number
of storage
facilities

Total length
of pipelines
(in kilometres)
42 900
73 744
6 737
21 055
0
77 419
17 924
2 870
3 229
231 627
477 000
6 930
90 784
13 309
286 681
6 110
10 100
3 034
0
135 229
184 130
17 333
53 666
35 349
4 925
80 097
3 220
285 600
2 171 002
19 103
82 240

Number of
gas customers
(in thousands)*
1 350
3 161
65
642
0
2 868
420
52
36
11 272
19 678
289
3 514
651
22 727
444
557
83
0
7 111
6 730
1 251
3 201
1 500
153
7 394
40
23 003
118 191
430
9 177

Number
of employees
2 949
7 194
1 700
2 053
0
3 037
1 400
340
450
32 000
38 793
881
2 726
600
30 000
1 275
1 700
210
0
9 500
36 000
1 070
41 007
4 548
520
6 615
250
54 178
280 996
1 595
77 800

Number
of natural gas
vehicles**
7 717
216
61 256
143
0
4 300
14
200
1 330
13 000
95 297
800
372
2
800 000
18
200
249
0
6 025
3 392
442
0
1 245
41
3 666
44 319
559
1 044 803
11 100
2 185

Gas power
generation
capacity installed
(in megawatts)
5 119
5 998
990
1 185
0
838
3 110
200
2 842
3 750
25 640
4 900
4 520
3 742
54 643
806
2 547
492
0
22 300
1 089
4 739
4 020
1 760
308
26 251
790
35 320
217 899
541
n/a

* Number of gas customers are

counted by number of meters,
and include domestic as well
as non-domestic (industrial,
commercial and other) customers,
except Germany for which the
number of domestic customers
is equivalent to the number of
dwellings supplied with natural
gas for heating.
** Eurogas and NGVA Europe.
Note: Figures are best estimates
available at the time of publication;
n/a: not available.

Natural gas
reserves

Global gas and oil reserves by region, 2012 2

natural gas
2 4

oil
1

20
8

43

100%

29

2%
4%
6%
8%
8%
29%
43%

1%
20%
13%
8%
2%
8%
48%

Western Europe
South & Central Amercia
North America
Africa
Asia Pacific
C.I.S.
Middle East

Total proved reserves at end 2012: 187 tcm

48

100%

13

8
8

Total proved reserves at end 2012: 1 669 billion barrels

* Commonwealth of Independent States

Global reserves-to-production ratios of gas vs oil (years) 3

years

The reserves-to-production (R/P) ratio represents the length

of time the remaining discovered reserves would last if
production was to continue at the same level of that year,
and if no new reserves were to be discovered.

53
56

2012

In 1992, the R/P ratio for gas was about 58 years, and
for oil 43 years. By 2012, the gas R/P ratio had only
slightly decreased to 56 years for gas and increased to
53 years for oil. This reflects the fact that the discovery
of gas has kept pace with the production and use of gas.

43

1992

58

Unconventional gas, estimated global resources

New production techniques mean that unconventional gas
can now be produced from shale, coalbed methane (CBM),
and other tight formations (natural gas in low permeability
rock). It is difficult to predict the additional reserves that will

come from recoverable unconventional resources as there

are currently no reliable industry estimates. It is expected
that recoverable resources will be many times higher than
those from the reserves referred to in the figures above.

recoverable resources by region, tcm

OECD Europe
Eurasia and
Eastern Europe
144

OECD North America

16

24
20

47
9

11

12

Middle east

47

CBM
Tight Gas
Shale Gas
Conventional Gas

125

11

Asia / Pacific
Africa
Latin America

15

33 32

10

30

49

57
16

43

21

790 tcm of resources worldwide (Conventional resources: 58.5% Shale gas: 25.3% Tight gas: 10.3% CBM: 5.9%)
Worldwide, with unconventional gas, gas resources lifetime is estimated at 250 years.
Source: IEA International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook November 2012.
2
3

Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2013.

Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2013.
Statistical Report 2 13

Expectations
for 2 13

Gas demand across the European Union is expected

to remain relatively stable in 2013 compared with
2012, according to the latest forecast from Eurogas.
An increase in demand of 2.6% was recorded in
the first half of 2013 compared with the same
period in 2012.

Outlook for the rest of 2013

These latest estimates are the result of an annual survey

covering 90% of the EU gas market that was carried out
by Eurogas in September 2013 among its members.
According to Eurogas, the slight increase in EU gas
demand that was recorded for the first six months of 2013
can be attributed to the long winter and low temperatures.
Across the EU, such colder than usual weather conditions,
particularly in March and May 2013, led to an increase
in gas consumption for heating. However, even if the
exceptionally long winter raised gas demand, other factors
have continued to negatively affect demand.

Despite this small increase, demand in the second half of

2013 will remain under pressure as gas use in the power
sector is expected to remain weak. This issue, coupled
with the still sluggish economic recovery across the EU,
will have a detrimental impact on gas demand during the
rest of 2013. With regard to heating demand, forecasts
for the second half of the year using normal weather
conditions do not point to any significant increase.

While industrial production showed signs of recovery in

some Member States, important cross-country differences
persisted and gas demand from the industrial sector only
registered a limited increase in the EU as a whole.
Gas use in power generation has continued to slide as a
result of unfavourable market fundamentals. The low coal
price and a weak carbon price continued to favour coal
generation. The effects of the economic crisis and poor
growth continued to result in weak final power demand.
In addition, the growing share of electricity produced
from renewables and a relatively high hydroelectricity
production also reduced the demand for gas in power
generation. Such factors are still expected to influence
demand in the second half of the year.

10

EUROGAS

Early indications from the Eurogas data suggest that gas

demand in Europe is likely to remain stable throughout
2013, registering a slight increase of 1% compared
with 2012.

On this basis, taking 2013 as a whole, gas demand

would correspond to an EU-28 and Switzerland annual
consumption of about 5 160 terawatt-hours or 478 billion
cubic metres.

The European
natural gas grid in 2 13
Pipelines integrated in the European system
existing

Snhvit

under construction, projected or planned

Other pipelines
existing
under construction, projected or planned

Reykjavik

natural gas fields

Liquefied natural gas (LNG)
LNG receiving terminal in operation
LNG receiving terminal under construction or projected

Heidrun
Asgard

liquefaction plant

Statfjord Gullfaks
Troll

Brent
Frigg

Wyborg

Helsinki
Finngulf

Oslo

Heimdal

Tallinn
Paldiski

Stockholm
Sleipner
Britannia

Nynshamn

Draupner

Lysekil

Moscow
Riga

Ekofisk

Klaipda

Tyra

Teesside
Dublin

Copenhagen

Morecambe

Vilnius
Minsk

Swinoujscie
Groningen
Bacton

Milford Haven

Gate

London

Berlin

Zeebrugge

Isle of Grain

Warsawa

Essen
Kiev

Dunkerque
Brussels

Prague

Paris

Montoir

Munich

Vienna

Bern

Ferrol

Gijon

Milan
Zaule
Rovigo

Fos
Faster

Lisbon
Sines

Sagunto

Tiflis

Ljubljana Zagreb

Krk

Bucharest
Sarajevo

Belgrade

La Spezia
Livorno

Fos
Barcelona Tonkin

Madrid

Chisinau

Budapest

Bilbao
Monaco

Bratislava

Sofia

Podgorica

Istanbul

Skopje

Rome

Brindisi

Fos
Cavaou
Mallorca

Tirana

Marmara
Ereglisi

Ankara

Aegean

Ibiza
Huelva

Aliaga
Cartagena

Kilis
Izmir
Aleppo

Athens

Algiers
Tunis

Revithoussa

Porto
Empedocle

Rabat

Nicosia

Vallelta
Vassilikos

Homs
Beirut

Tel Aviv

Damascus

Amman

Tripoli

Cairo

Statistical Report 2 13

11

Appendix

Definitions and Units

when building an energy balance. Natural gas data

presented in million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe)
is expressed as NCV. For natural gas, the NCV is 10%
less than the GCV.

The gross calorific value (GCV), or higher heating value,

measures the total (maximum) amount of heat that is
produced by combustion, including latent heat before
combustion or generated in the combustion process. The
net calorific value (NCV), or lower heating value, excludes
this latent heat.

Natural gas sales and supplies are stated in terawatt

hours (TWh) because of different national gas qualities.
The data is provided in GCV. When the Eurogas data is
converted into billion cubic metres (bcm), we advise
you to use an assumed energy content of 1 million cubic
metres (mcm) of natural gas of 10.8 kilowatt hours (kWh)
(GCV), which implies that 1 TWh equals approximately
92.6 mcm of natural gas. This corresponds closely to the
weighted average heat content of all natural gas that is
sold in the EU.

Natural gas in international trade is usually measured

on the basis of GCV. Modern technologies in gas
combustion are able to capture the latent heat of
condensation. But since the most current technologies
for other fossil fuels are still not able to recover the
latent heat, NCVs need to be used rather than GCVs
Conversion factors
Units glossary
bcm
GJ
GWh
kWh
MBtu
mcm
Mtoe
MWh
m
Pcal
PJ
TWh
toe
tcm

billion cubic metres

gigajoule
gigawatt hour
kilowatt hour
million British thermal units
million cubic metres
million tonnes of oil equivalent
megawatt hour
cubic metres
petacalories
petajoule
terawatt hour
tonnes of oil equivalent
trillion cubic metres

General conversion for units of energy and volume

1 Mtoe = 10 Pcal
1 cubic metre (m)
1 mcm of LNG

41.86 PJ (NCV) = 11.63 TWh (NCV)

35.315 cubic feet (cf)
593 mcm of gas

Eurogas conversion factors from volume to energy units

92.3 mcm gas
1 m of natural gas

1 TWh (GCV)
39 MJ (GCV) = 10.8 kWh (GCV)

Common conversion factors from gross to net calorific value

Natural gas: NCV
0.9 GCV
Oil: NCV
0.95 GCV
Solid fossil fuels: NCV
0.97 GCV
Equivalents
1 gigawatt hour
1 megawatt hour
1 petawatt hour
1 terawatt hour

106 kWh (GWh)

103 kWh (MWh)
1012 kWh (PWh)
109 kWh (TWh)

Heat unit equivalents

GJ
1 Gigajoule (GJ)
1 kilowatt-hour (kWh)
1 Million British thermal units (MBtu)
1 thermie (th)
1 therm

12

EUROGAS

kWh

MBtu

th

therm

277.8

0.948

238.9

9.479

3.6 10-3

3.411 10-3

0.86

3.411 10-2

1.055

293.2

252

10

4.186 10-3

1.162

3.968 10-3

3.968 10-2

0.1055

29.32

1 10-1

25.2

Eurogas is the association representing the European gas wholesale, retail and distribution sectors.
Founded in 1990, its members are some 50 companies and associations from 26 countries.
Eurogas represents the sectors towards the EU institutions and, as such, participates in the Madrid Gas
Regulatory Forum, the Gas Coordination Group, the Citizens Energy Forum and other stakeholder groups.
Its members work together, analysing the impact of EU political and legislative initiatives on their business
and communicating their findings and suggestions to the EU stakeholders.
The association also provides statistics and forecasts on gas consumption, as well as information on
energy taxation in Europe. For this, the association can draw on national data supplied by its member
companies and associations.
Figures from this report may be used, provided that reference is made to Eurogas as the source.

Eurogas, December 2013 All rights reserved.

Objectives of Eurogas
To help improve knowledge of natural gas, of its performances and of its use;
To promote the development of natural gas in Europe particularly in the legal, economic, technical
and scientific areas, to prepare studies and to promote cooperation within the gas industry;

EUROGAS
Avenue de Cortenbergh, 172 B-1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 894 48 48 www.eurogas.org

design by www.generis.be

To promote the smooth functioning of the European internal gas market and to take stance on issues
of interest to the European natural gas industry with respect to international and supranational
organisations including but not limited to the European Institutions and to public opinion.