Area

Utilities

Cooling Tower
Cooling Tower Equations
Tower Makeup = Evaporation + Windage/drift+ Cooling Tower blow down
Makeup * Xm = Evaporation * 0+ Windage * Xb+ Blow down * Xb
Blow down = (Windage* (Xb/Xm-1)-Evaporation)/(1-Xb/Xm)
Value
Units

Value

After Water Treatment

Upgrade

Present
Windage
Tower Recirculation
Windage Rate
Windage
Evaporation
Delta T
Evaporation
Blow down
Cycles of Concentration
Blowdown
Cooling Tower Makeup

Units

9,900
0.1%
14,256

gpm
%
gpd

9,900
0.1%
14,256

gpm
%
gpd

8
114,048

F
gpd

8
114,048

F
gpd
#

4
23,760

number
gpd

152,064

gpd

20,000
13,300
10,000
3,325

lbs/hour
lbs/hour
lbs/hour
lbs/hour

Cooling Tower Makeup + Boiler Makeup

Water Treatment Wastewaters
Total Inputs into Utilities

190,337
9,517
199,854

Evaporation
Utilites Wastewater

8
2,037

number
gpd

130,341

gpd

20,000
11,000
10,000
1,000

lbs/hour
lbs/hour
lbs/hour
gpd

gpd
gpd
gpd

161,995
1,000
162,995

gpd
gpd
gpd

157,081
42,845

gpd
gpd

157,081
4,037

gpd
gpd

30,000

gpd

30,000

gpd

29,000
5,000
34,000

gpd
gpd
gpd

29,000
0
29,000

gpd
gpd
gpd

Boiler
Steam Generation
Boiler Makeup
Returned Condensate
Blowdown @ 4 cycles

38,273 gpd
9,568 gpd

Cooling Tower & Boiler Inputs & Outputs

Sanitary

1200 people time 25 gallons/person/shift

Irrigation

Count number of heads per zone multiply by rated

capacity multiply by sprinkling time. Sum the flows
for all zones
Estimated leaks based upon engineering judgment
Water Reduction

Water
Reduction
(gpd)

36,859

5,000
36,859