TNG QUAN

H IU HNH
GV: MAI Xun Ph
xuanphu150@gmail.com
Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin
i Hc Cng Nghip TPHCM

Ni dung
nh ngha h iu hnh (HH)
Lch s HH
Cc thnh phn ca HH
Cc khi nim HH
Cu trc HH

H iu hnh
H iu hnh Operating System
o Chng trnh (h chng trnh) giao din gia phn
cng my tnh v ngi dng

Cung cp
o Mi trng cho php ngi dng thit k v thc
hin chng trnh
Ngi dng 1
Ngi dng 2

Ngi dng n

H thng my tnh

Trnh ng dng

H IU HNH
Phn cng

Chc nng ca HH
Qun tr ti nguyn
o Ti nguyn: CPU, RAM, HDD, printer
o i tng s dng ti nguyn: Chng trnh ng dng
o Nhim v: cung cp gii thut cp pht, qun tr ti
nguyn cho cc i tng hot ng.
o Mc tiu: Cp pht y , cng bng, hiu qu

Gi lp my tnh m rng (iu khin thit b)

o Nhim v: Che giu cc chi tit phn cng, to mi
trng d lm vic hn cho ngi dng.
o Mc tiu: To s c lp thit b.
o V d: Lm sao MS.Word c th in c vi nhiu loi
my in khc nhau nh in kim, laser, phun ca nhiu hng
khc nhau
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Lch s pht trin HH

Thit k tun t, 1950s
o H thng x l b (batch programming system)

H thng a lp trnh (multiprogramming system), 1968

o Chia s ti nguyn gia cc qu trnh

My tnh tng tc, 1970s

o H thng chia s thi gian (time-sharing systems)
o User Terminal (non - computer)

H thng a x l (multiprocessing system)

o Nhiu b vi x l chia s ti nguyn (b nh, thit b cng)

H thng mng (network systems)

o Mi qu trnh chy trn 1 my
o Chia s file v thng ip

H iu hnh phn tn (distributed OS)

o Mng vi cc x l cc b trn tng my
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Thnh phn HH

Cc khi nim ca HH
Tin trnh (Process)
Khng gian a ch (Address Spaces)
Tp tin (Files)
Nhp xut (Input/Output)
Bo v (Protection)
Shell

Tin trnh
Chng trnh thc thi
Lin kt vi khng gian a ch cha:
o
o
o
o

Chng trnh c th thc thi

D liu chng trnh
Stack
Tp cc ti nguyn
Cc thanh ghi (register)
Danh sch cc tp tin ang m
Danh sch cc tin trnh lin quan

Thng tin tin trnh c lu tr trong bng tin

trnh (Process Table)
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Khng gian a ch
Di a ch ri rc o pht sinh bi chng trnh
B nh chnh
o Cha chng trnh ang thc thi
o HH n gin: ch duy nht 1 chng trnh trong b
nh chnh
o HH a chng: nhiu chng trnh ng thi trong
b nh chnh

H thng my 32 hoc 64 bit

o Khng gian a ch 232 hoc 264 byte

Tp tin

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Nhp xut
Thit b vt l
o Thu nhn d liu vo (input)
o Xut kt qu (output)

Loi thit b
o Bn phm
o Mn hnh
o My in,

H thng nhp/xut
o Qun l cc thit b nhp/xut

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Bo v
C lp cc chng trnh nguy him vi ngi
dng: virus, malware,
Bo v tp tin vi mt m bo v 9 bit
o Chia lm 3 trng: owner, owner group members &
every
o Mi 3 bit ca 1 trng quy nh quyn: c, vit v
thc thi
o V d: rwxr-x--x

Trnh xung t khi truy xut tp tin, b nh,

CPU,
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Shell
Shell
o Cung cp giao din ngi dng ca 1 HH c
dng truy cp cc dch v ca nhn

Phn loi
o Dng lnh (Command-Line)
o ha (Graphical)

Mc ch
o Gi v khi ng chng trnh khc

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Cu trc HH
Kin trc n gin (Monolithic Systems)
Kin trc phn lp (Layered Systems)
Kin trc my o (Virtual Machine)
Kin trc client/server

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Kin trc n gin (1)

HH ch lm mt s nhim v qun l cn kh
n gin v cung cp thm mt s dch v.
HH = Th vin hm.
UD ca ngi dng vn c th truy cp trc tip
n phn cng thng quaBIOS, cng phn
cng
Cu trc

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Kin trc n gin (2)

V d: HH MS-DOS

COMMAND.COM

MSDOS.SYS

IO.SYS

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Kin trc n gin (3)

Khuyt im
o Khng h tr a nhim
o Khng che giu d liu, mi th tc c th gi tt c
th tc khc kh kim sot v bo v h thng
o H thng th tc: tnh thiu ch ng trong qun l
mi trng

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Kin trc phn lp (1)

Mc ch
o n th ha h thng
o Che du thng tin

V d: THE (Technische Hogeschool Eindhoven)

Tng

Chc nng

Giao din ngi dng

Cc chng trnh ngi dng

Qun l nhp/ xut

Qun l qu trnh

Qun l b nh

Giao tip phn cng

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Kin trc phn lp (2)

u im
o H thng mang tnh n th
Thit k, ci t n gin

Khuyt im
o Kh xc nh cc lp
o Chy chm do s lam truyn ca li gi h thng qua
cc lp
Chi ph truyn tham s
Chuyn i ng cnh

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My o (1)
Mc tiu ca HH: chy nhiu chng trnh
ng thi
To nhiu my tnh o t mt my tnh tht
cc chng trnh chy ring trn cc my o.
Cc chng trnh khng bit mnh ang chy
trn my o, cng khng bit mnh ang phi
chia s ti nguyn vi cc chng trnh khc
o V d:
CPU o: mi chng trnh s hu mt CPU o
B nh o: mi chng trnh mt khng gian nh ring

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My o (2)

Non-virtual Machine

Virtual Machine

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My o (3)
u im:
o Mi trng thun li cho s tng thch
o Tng tnh an ton cho h thng do cc VM c lp
o D pht trin cc HH n nhim cho cc VM c
lp

Khuyt im:
o Phc tp trong vic gi lp

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Kin trc client/server (1)

Cc dch v ca HH c chia thnh 2 phn:
o Server: phn ht nhn, l thuc phn cng
o Client: cc tin ch h thng, s dng dch v do
server cung cp

Chuyn cc chng trnh ln tng cao hn v

thu nh cc chng trnh mc h thng

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Kin trc client/server (2)

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Kin trc client/server (3)

u im
o D m rng & sa i HH qua vic m rng, sa
i cc tin trnh server
o Tin trnh ca server khng c c quyn khng
th truy cp trc tip phn cng h thng c
bo v tt

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Tham kho
Trn Hnh Nhi, H iu Hnh, Khoa CNTT,
H khoa hc t nhin TPHCM: chng 1
Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Modern Operating
Systems, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall, 2009:
chapter 1

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Tho lun
Cu hi?
kin?

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Cng c
1. Hai chc nng chnh ca HH?
2. Cc thnh phn ca HH MS-DOS?
3. u im chnh i vi ngi thit k HH khi
s dng my o? i vi ngi dng th u
im l g?
4. Xc nh quyn ca ngi dng i vi tp tin
c thuc tnh rwxr-x---

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