Seal Failure Analysis

Seal Failure Analysis

Seal Failure Analysis

Seal Failure Analysis

Seal Failure Analysis

Primary Seal
Materials

Primary Seal Wet Seals

Primary Ring (Narrow - Softer) Materials
Carbon-graphite
resin impregnated
antimony impregnated

Carbon converted to Silicon Carbide

resin impregnated

Primary Seal Wet Seals

Primary Ring (Narrow - Softer) Materials
Carbon-graphite
resin impregnated
antimony impregnated

Carbon converted to Silicon Carbide

resin impregnated

Primary Seal Wet Seals

Carbon converted to
Silicon Carbide

Primary Seal Wet Seals

Primary Ring (Narrow - Softer) Materials
Carbon-graphite
resin impregnated
antimony impregnated

Carbon converted to Silicon Carbide

resin impregnated

Solid Silicon Carbide

pure sintered
reaction bonded
Tungsten Carbide
nickel or cobalt
bonded

Primary Seal Wet Seals

Mating Ring (Wide - Harder) Materials
Ceramic
99.5% aluminium oxide

Mating Rings: Ceramic

Mating Rings: Ceramic

Primary Seal Wet Seals

Mating Ring (Wide - Harder) Materials
Ceramic
99.5% aluminium oxide

Silicon Carbide
pure sintered or reaction bonded

Tungsten Carbide
cobalt or nickel bonded

Primary Seal - Dry Gas Seals

Mating Ring Materials (Rotating in Type 28)
Tungsten Carbide
Cobalt bonded
Nickel bonded (Optional)

Silicon Carbide
Pure sintered
Liquid phase sintered - high pressure (XP/EXP)

Ductile Mating Ring

Tungsten carbide plating on stainless steel

Mating Ring Material Selection

Tungsten Carbide (Cobalt bonded)

Tough
High strength
Best slow roll performance

Cobalt binder can be chemically attacked

Nickel bonded is available - better resistance

Silicon Carbide
Highly corrosion resistance
Good slow roll performance
Very brittle easily chipped

Mating Rings
Chloride attack on
Tungsten Carbide

Mating Ring Material Selection

Ductile Mating Ring Material
Ni/Cr tungsten carbide on stainless steel
E.g., 410 SS; 17/4 PH; Duplex SS

Ideal for outboard seal

Virtually indestructible will not shatter
Lower cost
Low thermal conductivity
Maximum differential pressure 50 bar
Higher leakage due to distortion
Minimum P of 1 bar required note O/B

Materials Wet Seals

JC
Code

Vickers
Hardness

Silicon Carbide
Pure Alpha Sintered

277

2500

Silicon Carbide +10%

Si. Reaction Bonded

088

Converted Silicon
Carbide/ Carbon

121

Tungsten Carbide
+6% Cobalt

025

Tungsten Carbide
+6% Nickel

Material

Thermal
Expansion Thermal
Density
Conductivity Coefficient
Shock
000s kg/m3
-6
W/mC@20C X 10 /C 000s W/m
125

4.0

24

3.1

150

4.6

35

3.1

50

4.0

30

2.0

1500-1600

100

5.2

48

14.7

005

1300-1500

80

5.6

43

14.7

Aluminium Oxide
99.5% Alumina

059

1500+

26

6.9

3.9

Austenitic Cast I ron

13% Ni, 6% Cu

007

200

40

19.3

7.3

Carbon-Graphite
Resin Impregnated

171

12

3.7

10

1.8

2500
+ softer Silicon

2500
+ softer carbon

90
(estimated)