Operating

reserve
In electricity
networks,
the operating

reserve is the
generating
capacity
available to
the system
operator withi

n a short
interval of
time to meet
demand in
case
a generator g

oes down or
there is
another
disruption to
the supply.
Most power

systems are
designed so
that, under
normal
conditions, the
operating

reserve is
always at
least the
capacity of the
largest
generator plus

a fraction of
the peak load.
[2]

The operating
reserve is
made up of

the spinning
reserve as
well as the
non-spinning
or

supplemental
reserve:
The spinnin
g reserve is
the extra
generating

capacity that
is available
by increasing
the power
output of
generators

that are
already
connected to
the power
system. For
most

generators,
this increase
in power
output is
achieved by
increasing

the torque ap
plied to
the turbine's
[3]
rotor.