SOLUTIONS TO CONCEPTS

circular motion;;

CHAPTER 7
1.

Distance between Earth & Moon

5
8
r = 3.85 10 km = 3.85 10 m
6
T = 27.3 days = 24 3600 (27.3) sec = 2.36 10 sec
v=

2r
2 3.14 3.85 10 8
=
= 1025.42m/sec
T
2.36 10 6

v2
(1025.42)2
2
3
2
=
= 0.00273m/sec = 2.73 10 m/sec
r
3.85 10 8
Diameter of earth = 12800km
5
Radius R = 6400km = 64 10 m
a=

2.

V=

2 3.14 64 10 5
2R
=
m/sec = 465.185
T
24 3600

V2
( 46.5185 )2
2
=
= 0.0338m/sec
R
64 10 5
V = 2t,
r = 1cm
a) Radial acceleration at t = 1 sec.
a=

3.

v2
22
2
=
= 4cm/sec
r
1
b) Tangential acceleration at t = 1sec.
dv
d
=
(2t ) = 2cm/sec2
a=
dt
dt
c) Magnitude of acceleration at t = 1sec

a=

2
4 2 22 = 20 cm/sec
Given that m = 150kg,
v= 36km/hr = 10m/sec,
r = 30m

a=

4.

Horizontal force needed is

5.

in the diagram
R cos = mg

mv 2
150 (10 )2
150 100
=
=
= 500N
r
30
30

..(i)

mv
..(ii)
r
Dividing equation (i) with equation (ii)
R sin =

Tan =

mv2/R

mv
v
=
rmg
rg

v = 36km/hr = 10m/sec,
Tan =

mg

r = 30m

100
v2
=
= (1/3)
30
10
rg
1

6.

= tan (1/3)
Radius of Park = r = 10m
speed of vehicle = 18km/hr = 5 m/sec

v2
rg
v2
25
1
1
rg = tan 100 = tan (1/4)

Angle of banking tan =

= tan

7.1

Chapter 7
7.

The road is horizontal (no banking)

R

mv 2
= N
R
and N = mg
mv 2
= mg
v = 5m/sec,
R
25
25

= g =
= 0.25
10
100
Angle of banking = = 30
Radius = r = 50m

So

8.

tan =

1
3

v=
9.

mv2/R

R = 10m
mg

v2
v2
tan 30 =
rg
rg
=

rg
50 10
v2
2
v =
=
rg
3
3
500
3

= 17m/sec.

Electron revolves around the proton in a circle having proton at the centre.
Centripetal force is provided by coulomb attraction.
11
3
r = 5.3 t 10 m
m = mass of electron = 9.1 10 kg.
19
charge of electron = 1.6 10 c.

mv 2
kq2
23.04
q2
9 10 9 1.6 1.6 10 38
2
= k 2 v =
=
=
1013
r
rm
48.23
r
5.3 10 11 9.1 10 31
2
13
12
v = 0.477 10 = 4.7 10
6

v = 4.7 1012 = 2.2 10 m/sec

10. At the highest point of a vertical circle

mv 2
= mg
R
2

v = Rg v =

Rg

11. A celling fan has a diameter = 120cm.

Radius = r = 60cm = 0/6m
Mass of particle on the outer end of a blade is 1g.
n = 1500 rev/min = 25 rev/sec
= 2 n = 2 25 = 157.14
2
Force of the particle on the blade = Mr = (0.001) 0.6 (157.14) = 14.8N
The fan runs at a full speed in circular path. This exerts the force on the particle (inertia). The particle
also exerts a force of 14.8N on the blade along its surface.
1
12. A mosquito is sitting on an L.P. record disc & rotating on a turn table at 33 rpm.
3
1
100
n = 33 rpm =
rps
3
3 60
100
10
= 2 n = 2
=
rad/sec
180
9
r = 10cm =0.1m, g = 10m/sec2

10
0.1

r
2
9
mg mr =

10
g

81
7.2

Chapter 7
13. A pendulum is suspended from the ceiling of a car taking a turn
2
r = 10m, v = 36km/hr = 10 m/sec,
g = 10m/sec

mv 2
T sin =
r
T cos = mg

From the figure

mv2/R

..(i)
mg

..(ii)

2
sin
mv 2
v2
1 v
=
tan =
= tan
rg
cos
rmg
rg

100
1
1
= tan 10 10 = tan (1) = 45

14. At the lowest pt.

T

mv 2
r
Here m = 100g = 1/10 kg,

T = mg +

mv
T = mg +
r

(1.4)
1
=
9 .8
10
10

r = 1m,

v = 1.4 m/sec

mg

= 0.98 + 0.196 = 1.176 = 1.2 N

mv2 /r

15. Bob has a velocity 1.4m/sec, when the string makes an angle of 0.2 radian.
m = 100g = 0.1kg,
r = 1m, v = 1.4m/sec.
From the diagram,

mv
R

T mg cos =

mg sin

mv 2
T=
+ mg cos
R
T=

mg cos

2
0.1 (1.4)2

(0.1) 9.8 1
1
2

(.2)2

T = 0.196 + 9.8 1

( cos = 1

2
for small )
2

T = 0.196 + (0.98) (0.98) = 0.196 + 0.964 = 1.156N 1.16 N

16. At the extreme position, velocity of the pendulum is zero.
So there is no centrifugal force.
So T = mg cos o
17. a) Net force on the spring balance.
2
R = mg m r
So, fraction less than the true weight (3mg) is

mg sin

mg cos

2
mg (mg m2r )
2

6400 10 3
3
=
=
= 3.5 10

mg
g
10
24 3600

b) When the balance reading is half the true weight,

2

mg (mg m r )
= 1/2
mg
2

r = g/2

g
10

rad/sec
2r
2 6400 10 3

Duration of the day is

T=

2
2 8000
2 6400 10 3
64 10 6
= 2
sec = 2
sec =
hr = 2hr

7 3600
9 .8
49

7.3

R
mg
2

m /R

Chapter 7
18. Given, v = 36km/hr = 10m/s,
r = 20m,
= 0.4
The road is banked with an angle,
v2
1

1
1 100
1
= tan rg = tan
= tan 2 or tan = 0.5

20 10
When the car travels at max. speed so that it slips upward, R1
acts downward as shown in Fig.1
So, R1 mg cos

tan
=
rg
1 tan

V1 =

mv1 /r

R1

mg

..(i)

R2

mv 1
cos = 0
r
Solving the equation we get,

And R1 + mg sin

R1

mv 1
sin = 0
r

mv2 /r

..(ii)

0 .1
= 4.082 m/s = 14.7 km/hr
20 10
1 .2

So, the possible speeds are between 14.7 km/hr and 54km/hr.
19. R = radius of the bridge
L = total length of the over bridge
a) At the highest pt.

mv 2
2
v = Rg v =
R
1
b) Given, v =
Rg
2

mg =

R2

mg

mv2/R

Rg
mg
2

2= L/R
mv2/R

mv 2
suppose it loses contact at B. So, at B, mg cos =
R
2
v = Rg cos
2
Rv

Rg

= Rg cos cos = 1/2 = 60 = /3
2 = Rg cos

mg
2
2= L/R

R
= = r =
r
3
R
from highest point
3
c) Let the uniform speed on the bridge be v.
So, it will lose contact at distance

The chances of losing contact is maximum at the end of the bridge for which =

mv2/R

L
.
2R

mv 2
= mg cos v =
R

L
gR cos

2R
20. Since the motion is nonuniform, the acceleration has both radial & tangential
component
So,

2= L/R

v
r
dv
at =
=a
dt

ar =

mg

mv2/R

mv2/R

Resultant magnitude =

v2
a2
r

m dv/dt

v2
Now N = m a 2 mg = m
r

4

2 2

2 2

v2
a 2 2g2 =
r

2 1/4

v = ( g a ) r v = [( g a ) r ]

7.4

v4
2

r2 a

Chapter 7
21. a) When the ruler makes uniform circular motion in the horizontal
plane, (figa)
mg = mL

mg

L
b) When the ruler makes uniformly accelerated circular motion,(figb)

mg =

(m2 L ) (mL )

4
2

2 g2
+ =
2 =
L2
2

g 2

2
L

mg

12L

L
1/ 4

(Figa)
m22L

mg

mL

(When viewed from top)

(Figb)

22. Radius of the curves = 100m

Weight = 100kg
Velocity = 18km/hr = 5m/sec
a) at B mg

mv 2
100 25
= N N = (100 10)
= 1000 25 = 975N
R
100

mv 2
= 1000 + 25 = 1025 N
A
R
b) At B & D the cycle has no tendency to slide. So at B & D, frictional force is zero.
1
= 707N
At C, mg sin = F F = 1000
2
At d, N = mg +

E
D

mv2/R
B

mv 2
mv 2
c) (i) Before C mg cos N =
N = mg cos
= 707 25 = 683N
R
R

mg
N

mv 2
mv 2
N=
+ mg cos = 25 + 707 = 732N
R
R
d) To find out the minimum desired coeff. of friction, we have to consider a point just before C. (where
N is minimum)
Now, N = mg sin 682 = 707
So, = 1.037
F
m2r
23. d = 3m R = 1.5m
R = distance from the centre to one of the kids
N = 20 rev per min = 20/60 = 1/3 rev per sec
= 2r = 2/3
15kg
15kg
m = 15kg
(ii) N mg cos =

mg
( 2 ) 2
2
2
= 5 (0.5) 4 = 10
9
2
Frictional force on one of the kids is 10
24. If the bowl rotates at maximum angular speed, the block tends to slip upwards. So, the frictional force
acts downward.
Here, r = R sin
From FBD 1
2
R1 mg cos m (R sin ) sin = 0
..(i) [because r = R sin ]
2
and R1 mg sin m1 (R sin ) cos = 0
..(ii)
Substituting the value of R1 from Eq (i) in Eq(ii), it can be found out that
2

Frictional force F = mr = 15 (1.5)

1/ 2

g(sin cos )
1 =

R sin (cos sin )

Again, for minimum speed, the frictional force
R2 acts upward. From FBD2, it can be proved R1
that,

R2

m12 r

(FBD 1)

7.5

R1

m22 r

(FBD 2)

R2

Chapter 7
1/ 2

g(sin cos )
2 =

R sin (cos sin )

the range of speed is between 1 and 2
25. Particle is projected with speed u at an angle . At the highest pt. the vertical component of velocity is
0
So, at that point, velocity = u cos
mv2/r
u sin

2
2
centripetal force = m u cos r
u cos
At highest pt.

mg

mv 2
u2 cos 2
mg =
r=

r
g
26. Let u the velocity at the pt where it makes an angle /2 with horizontal. The
horizontal component remains unchanged
mv2/
u cos
...(i)
So, v cos /2 = cos v =

cos
2
mg

From figure
cos

/
mgcos/2

mv 2
v2
r=
r
g cos / 2
putting the value of v from equn(i)

mg cos (/2) =

u 2 cos 2

g cos 3 ( / 2)
27. A block of mass m moves on a horizontal circle against the wall of a cylindrical room of radius R
Friction coefficient between wall & the block is .
r=

a) Normal reaction by the wall on the block is =

b) Frictional force by wall =

mv 2
R

mv 2
R

mv 2
v 2
c)
= ma a =
(Deceleration)
R
R
2

dv
dv
v
= v
=
dt
ds
R

d) Now,
s=

ds =

R dv
v

In V + c

mv2/R

At s = 0, v = v0
Therefore, c =
so, s =

R
In V0

mv 2/R

R
v
v
s/R
In

=e
v0
v0
2

For, one rotation s = 2R, so v = v0e

28. The cabin rotates with angular velocity & radius R
2
The particle experiences a force mR .
2
The component of mR along the groove provides the required force to the particle to move along AB.
2
2
mR cos = ma a = R cos
B
length of groove = L
A

2
2
2
L = ut + at L = R cos t
2
2

t =

2L
2L
=t= 1

R2 cos
R2 cos

7.6

mv /R

Chapter 7
29. v = Velocity of car = 36km/hr = 10 m/s
r = Radius of circular path = 50m
m = mass of small body = 100g = 0.1kg.
= Friction coefficient between plate & body = 0.58
a) The normal contact force exerted by the plate on the block

mv 2
0.1 100
=
= 0.2N
r
50
b) The plate is turned so the angle between the normal to the plate & the radius of the road slowly
increases
N=

N=

mv 2
cos
r

..(i)

mv 2
sin ..(ii)
r
Putting value of N from (i)

N=

mv 2
mv 2
1
1
cos =
sin = tan = tan = tan (0.58) = 30
r
r
30. Let the bigger mass accelerates towards right with a.
From the free body diagrams,
(i)
T ma mR = 0
2
T + 2ma 2m R = 0
(ii)
2
Eq (i) Eq (ii) 3ma = m R

m2R
3
2
Substituting the value of a in Equation (i), we get T = 4/3 m R.
a=

****

7.7

m
2m

ma

2ma

m2R
2m2R