SOLUTIONS TO CONCEPTS

CHAPTER 11
1.

Gravitational force of attraction,

GMm
F=
r2
=

2.

6.67 10 11 10 10
7
= 6.67 10 N
(0.1)2

To calculate the gravitational force on m at unline due to other mouse.

FOD =

G m 4m
8Gm2
=
(a / r 2 )2
a2

FOI =

G m 2m
6Gm2
=
(a / r 2 )2
a2
G m 2m

FOB =

2 2

(a / r )

Gmm

FOA =

2 2

(a / r )

2m

4Gm2
a2

4m

3m

2Gm2
a2
2

Resultant FOF =

Gm2
Gm2
64 2 36 2
a
a

Resultant FOE =

Gm2
Gm 2
64 2 4 2
a
a

= 10

Gm2
a2

= 2 5

Gm 2
a2

The net resultant force will be,

2

F=

Gm2
Gm 2
Gm2
100 2 20 2 2 2 20 5
a
a
a

Gm2
120 40 5 =

a2

Gm2
(120 89.6)

a2

Gm2
Gm 2
40.4 = 4 2 2
2
a
a
a) if m is placed at mid point of a side
=

3.

then FOA =

4Gm2
in OA direction
a2

A m

4Gm 2
in OB direction
a2
Since equal & opposite cancel each other

FOB =

Foc =

Gm

r / 2a
3

4Gm
in OC direction
3a 2

Net gravitational force on m =

4Gm 2

a2

b) If placed at O (centroid)
the FOA =

C
m

3Gm2
Gm 2
=
(a / r3 )
a2

11.1

m
O
m

C
m

Chapter 11

3Gm2
a2

FOB =

Resultant F =

2
2
3Gm 2

2 3Gm 1 = 3Gm
2
2
2
2

a
a

a
2

3Gm2
, equal & opposite to F, cancel
a2
Net gravitational force = 0
Since FOC =

4.

2
Gm2
i Gm sin 60j
cos
60
4a 2
4a 2

FCB =

Gm
Gm
cos 60 i
sin 60j
4a 2
4a 2

FCA =

F = FCB + FCA

2
2
2Gm 2
j = 2Gm r3 = r3Gm
sin
60
4a 2 2
4a 2
4a 2
Force on M at C due to gravitational attraction.

5.

FCB =

Gm2
j
2R 2

GM
i
4R 2

FCD =

R
D

2
GM2
j GM sin 45j
cos
45
4R 2
4R 2
So, resultant force on C,

FCA =

FC
=

= FCA + FCB + FCD

GM2
1 GM2

i
2

4R 2
4R 2
2

1
2
j
2

GM2
2 2 1
4R 2

FC =

mv 2
For moving along the circle, F =
R
or
6.

MV 2
GM2
=
or V =
2
2

1
R
4R 2
GM

R h

GM 2 2 1
R
4

49.358 1011
6.67 10 11 7.4 10 22
=
2
6
(1740 1000 ) 10
2740 2740 10 6

49.358 1011
2
2
= 65.8 10 = 0.65 m/s
0.75 1013
The linear momentum of 2 bodies is 0 initially. Since gravitational force is internal, final momentum is
also zero.
So (10 kg)v1 = (20 kg) v2
Or v1 = v2
(1)
Since P.E. is conserved
=

7.

6.67 10 11 10 20
9
= 13.3410 J
1
When separation is 0.5 m,
Initial P.E. =

11.2

Chapter 11
13.34 10

+0=

13.34 10 9
2
2
+ (1/2) 10 v1 + (1/2) 20 v2
(1/ 2)

(2)

13.34 10 = -26.68 10 + 5 v1 + 10 v2
2
9
9
13.34 10 = -26.68 10 + 30 v2

13.34 10 9
10
= 4.44 10
30
5
v2 = 2.1 10 m/s.
5
So, v1 = 4.2 10 m/s.
In the semicircle, we can consider, a small element of d then R d = (M/L) R d = dM.
GMRdm
M
F=
LR 2

2GMm
dF3 = 2 dF since =
sin d
LR
d
2

v2 =

8.

/2

F =

2GMm
2GMm
cos 0 / 2
sin d
LR
LR

d
R

GMm
2GMm
2GMm
2GMm
( 1) =
=
=
LR
LR
L L / A
L2
A small section of rod is considered at x distance mass of the element = (M/L). dx = dm
G(dm) 1
= dE2
dE1 =
d2 x 2
= 2

9.

Resultant dE = 2 dE1 sin

G(dm)
d
2 GM d dx
=2 2
=

2
2
2
d x2
d x
L d x 2 d2 x 2

Total gravitational field

L/2

E=

x2

dE1
d

2Gmd dx

Ld
0

dE2

3/2

dx

Integrating the above equation it can be found that,

2GM

E=
d L2 4d2
10. The gravitational force on m due to the shell of M2 is 0.
R R2
M is at a distance 1
2
Then the gravitational force due to M is given by
GM1m
4GM1m
=
=
(R1 R 2 / 2
(R1 R 2 )2

R2

M1
R1
m

11. Man of earth M = (4/3) R

Man of the imaginary sphere, having
3
Radius = x, M = (4/3)x
or

M
x3
= 3
M
R

Gravitational force on F =
or F =

GMm
m2

GMmx
GMx 3m
=

3 2
R x
R3
11.3

m2

Chapter 11
12. Let d be the distance from centre of earth to man m then
D=

R2
= (1/2)
x 2

4x 2 R2

x
R/2

M be the mass of the earth, M the mass of the sphere of radius d/2.
3
Then M = (4/3) R
3
M = (4/3)d

M
d3
= 3
M
R
Gravitational force is m,
or

Gmm
GMmd
Gd3Mm
=
=
2
d
R 3 d2
R3
So, Normal force exerted by the wall = F cos.
GMm
GMmd R
=
(therefore I think normal force does not depend on x)
=

2d
2R 2
R3
13. a) m is placed at a distance x from O.
If r < x , 2r, Lets consider a thin shell of man

d F

F=

dm =

m
4 3
mx 3

x
=
( 4 / 3)r 2 3
r3

Thus

dm =

R/2

R M

mx 3
r3

r
O

G md m
Gmx
Gmx 3 / r 3
=
=
2
2
x
x
r3
b) 2r < x < 2R, then F is due to only the sphere.
Gmm
F=
x r 2
Then gravitational force F =

c) if x > 2R, then Gravitational force is due to both sphere & shell, then due to shell,
GMm
F=
x R 2
due to the sphere =

Gmm

x r 2

So, Resultant force =

Gm m

x r 2

GMm

x R 2

14. At P1, Gravitational field due to sphere M =

GM

3a a

GM
16a 2

At P2, Gravitational field is due to sphere & shell,

a
49
P1

a
GM
GM
GM 1
1
61 GM

+
=
=

2
2
2
a
a 36 25
(a 4a a)
( 4a a ) 2
900 a
P2
15. We know in the thin spherical shell of uniform density has gravitational field at its internal point is zero.

At A and B point, field is equal and opposite and cancel each other so Net field is
zero.

A
A
B

Hence, EA = EB
16. Let 0.1 kg man is x m from 2kg mass and (2 x) m from 4 kg mass.
4 0 .1
2 0 .1

=
2
( 2 x )2
x
11.4

Chapter 11
or

0 .4
0.2
=
2
( 2 x )2
x

or

2
1
2
2
=
or (2 x) = 2 x
( 2 x )2
x2

or 2 x = 2 x or x(r2 + 1) = 2
2
or x =
= 0.83 m from 2kg mass.
2.414
17. Initially, the ride of is a
To increase it to 2a,
2

m
a

Gm
Gm
3Gm

=
m
m
a
2a
a
2a
18. Work done against gravitational force to take away the particle from sphere,
work done =

G 10 0.1
6.67 10 11 1
10
=
= 6.67 10 J
0.1 0.1
1 10 1

19. E = (5 N/kg) i + (12 N/kg) j

a) F = E m
= 2kg [(5 N/kg) i + (12 N/kg) j ] = (10 N) i + (12 N) j

F = 100 576 = 26 N

b) V = E r

At (12 m, 0), V = (60 J/kg) i V = 60 J

100g
10cm

10kg

At (0, 5 m), V = (60 J/kg) j V = 60 J

c) V =

(1,2,5 )

E mdr = (10N)i (24N)j r

(12,5 )
( 0,0 )

( 0,0 )

= (120 J i + 120 J i ) = 240 J

0,5m
d) v = r(10N i 24Nj ) 12m,0

= 120 j + 120 i = 0
20. a) V = (20 N/kg) (x + y)

MLT 2
M1L3 T 2M1
ML2 T 2
GM
=
L or
=
M
R
L
M
0 2 2
0 2 2
Or M L T = M L T
L.H.S = R.H.S

b) E( x, y ) = 20(N/kg) i 20(N/kg) j

c) F = E m
= 0.5kg [ (20 N/kg) i (20 N/kg) j = 10N i - 10 N j

| F | = 100 100 = 10 2 N

21. E = 2 i + 3 j
The field is represented as
tan 1 = 3/2
3j
5/3
2
Again the line 3y + 2x = 5 can be represented as

tan 2 = 2/3
2j
5/2
m1 m2 = 1
Since, the direction of field and the displacement are perpendicular, is done by the particle on the line.
11.5

Chapter 11
22. Let the height be h
GM
GM
(1/2) 2 =
(R h)2
R
2

Or 2R = (R + h)

Or 2 R = R + h
Or h = (r2 1)R
23. Let g be the acceleration due to gravity on mount everest.

2h
g = g1

17696

2
=9.8 1
= 9.8 (1 0.00276) = 9.773 m/s
6400000
24. Let g be the acceleration due to gravity in mine.
d

Then g= g 1
R
640

2
= 9.8 1
= 9.8 0.9999 = 9.799 m/s
3
6400 10
25. Let g be the acceleration due to gravity at equation & that of pole = g
2
g= g R
5 2
3
= 9.81 (7.3 10 ) 6400 10
= 9.81 0.034
2
= 9.776 m/s
2
mg = 1 kg 9.776 m/s
= 9.776 N or 0.997 kg
The body will weigh 0.997 kg at equator.
2
(1)
26. At equator, g = g R
Let at h height above the south pole, the acceleration due to gravity is same.

2h
Then, here g = g 1

(2)

2h
2
g - R = g 1

or 1

2h
2R
= 1
R
g

7.3 10 5 6400 10 3
2R 2
=
= 11125 N = 10Km (approximately)
2 9.81
2g
27. The apparent g at equator becomes zero.
2
i.e. g = g R = 0
2
or g = R
or h =

or =

g
=
R

9 .8
=
6400 10 3

1.5 10 6 = 1.2 10

2
2 3.14
6
=
= 1.5 10 sec. = 1.41 hour

1.2 10 3
28. a) Speed of the ship due to rotation of earth v = R
2
b) T0 = mgr = mg m R
2
T0 mg = m R
c) If the ship shifts at speed v
2
T = mg m R

rad/s.

T=

11.6

To
A

Chapter 11

v R 2
R
= T0 -

R2

v 2 2R 2 2Rv
m
= T0

T = T0 + 2v m
29. According to Keplers laws of planetary motion,
2
3
T R
Tm

Te 2

R es 3

Rms

R es

R ms

1.88


1

R ms
2/3
= (1.88) = 1.52
R es

30. T = 2

r3
GM

3.84 10

5 3

27.3 = 2 3.14
or 2.73 2.73 =
or M =

6.67 10 11 M

2 3.14 3.84 10 5
6.67 10 11 M

2 (3.14 )2 (3.84)3 1015

24
= 6.02 10 kg
11
2
3.335 10 (27.3 )

mass of earth is found to be 6.02 10

24

kg.

31. T = 2

r
GM

9.4 10

or (27540) = (6.28)
or M =
32. a) V =
=

103
11
6.67 10 M

27540 = 2 3.14

9.4 10

6 2

6.67 10 11 M

(6.28)2 (9.4 )3 1018

23
= 6.5 10 kg.
11
2
6.67 10 (27540 )
gr 2
r h

GM
=
r h

9.8 ( 6400 10 3 )2
6

10 (6.4 2)

= 6.9 10 m/s = 6.9 km/s

b) K.E. = (1/2) mv
6
10
= (1/2) 1000 (47.6 10 ) = 2.38 10 J
GMm
c) P.E. =
(R h)
=

40 1013
6.67 10 11 6 10 24 10 3
10
=

= 4.76 10 J
8400
(6400 2000 ) 10 3

d) T =

2(r h)
2 3.14 8400 10 3
2
=
= 76.6 10 sec = 2.1 hour
3
V
6.9 10
11.7

Chapter 11
33. Angular speed f earth & the satellite will be same
2
2
=
Te
Ts
or

or

1
=
24 3600

1
2

or 12 I 3600 = 3.14

(R h)3
gR 2

(R h)2
(12 3600 )2
=
gR 2
(3.14 )2

or

(R h)3
gR 2

(6400 h)3 109

(12 3600 )2
=
9.8 (6400 )2 10 6
(3.14 )2

(6400 h)3 10 9
4
= 432 10
9
6272 10
3
4
or (6400 + h) = 6272 432 10
4 1/3
or 6400 + h = (6272 432 10 )
4 1/3
or h = (6272 432 10 ) 6400
= 42300 cm.
b) Time taken from north pole to equator = (1/2) t
or

( 43200 6400)3

= (1/2) 6.28

10 (6400 ) 10

= 3.14

( 497 )3 10 6
(64)2 1011

497 497 497

= 6 hour.
64 64 10 5
34. For geo stationary satellite,
4
r = 4.2 10 km
h = 3.6 104 km
Given mg = 10 N
= 3.14

R2

mgh = mg
R h2

6400 103
= 10
6400 10 3 3600 10 3

4096
=
= 0.23 N
2
17980

R 23

35. T = 2

gR12

Or T = 4
2

R2

3
2

gR1
3

Or g =

42 R 2
T 2 R12

Acceleration due to gravity of the planet is =

42 R 2
T 2 R12

36. The colattitude is given by .

OAB = 90 ABO
Again OBC = = OAB
6400
8
sin =
=
42000
53
= sin

Colatitude

8
1
= sin 0.15.
53

11.8

Chapter 11
37. The particle attain maximum height = 6400 km.
On earths surface, its P.E. & K.E.

GMm
2
Ee = (1/2) mv +

R
In space, its P.E. & K.E.

(1)

GMm
Es =
+0
Rh
GMm
(2)
Es =

2R

Equating (1) & (2)

GMm
GMm 1

mv 2 =
2R
R
2

( h = R)

1
1
2

Or (1/2) mv = GMm
2
R
R

Or v =
=

GM
R

6.67 10 11 6 10 24
6400 10 3

40.02 1013
6.4 10 6
7
8
= 6.2 10 = 0.62 10
=

Or v = 0.62 10 8 = 0.79 10 m/s = 7.9 km/s.

38. Initial velocity of the particle = 15km/s
Let its speed be v at interstellar space.
GMm
3 2
2
(1/2) m[(15 10 ) v ] =
dx
R
x2

1
3 2
2
(1/2) m[(15 10 ) v ] = GMm
x R
6

(1/2) m[(225 10 ) v ] =

GMm
R

2 6.67 10 11 6 10 24
6400 10 3
40.02
2
6
8
v = 225 10
10
32
2
6
8
8
v = 225 10 1.2 10 = 10 (1.05)
4
Or v = 1.01 10 m/s or
= 10 km/s
24
39. The man of the sphere = 6 10 kg.
8
Escape velocity = 3 10 m/s
6

225 10 v =

Vc =
Or R =
=

2GM
R
2GM
Vc 2

2 6.67 10 11 6 10 24

3 10

8 2

80.02
3
3
10 = 8.89 10 m 9 mm.
9

11.9