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abcdef ghbijk ec cbjlem nbodk ej pcbqhk hbfr qcefrl se tr b uvjlbmrjsbo seeow nish tcebl bqqoigbsiejk
ij fbcievk xrolk eu mbshrmbsigkw gemqvsrc kgirjgr bjl shr jbsvcbo kgirjgrkw kvgh bk mbshrmbsigbo melroijp eu
qhykigbo kyksrmkw kimvobsrl bjjrboijpw bjl shr abcdef zhbij aejsr zbcoe mrshel{ |j shr qhykigbo kgirjgrk shry
qcefilr b uvjlbmrjsbo melro uec shr rmrcprjgr eu poetbo qceqrcsirk ucem oegbo ijsrcbgsiejk{ |j shr bopecishmig
gejsr}sw shry qcefilr b prjrcbo qbcblipm uec kbmqoijp bjl r}qoecijp bj r}qejrjsibooy obcpr krs eu gemtijbsecibo
kscvgsvcrk ~kvgh bk mbsghijpk ij b pcbqhw ty vkijp b krvrjgr eu kimqorw oegbo scbjkisiejk{
|j shik qbqrcw nr ijisibsr b ksvly eu vbjsvm nbodk ej pcbqhk shr mesifbsiejw bk ij shr gbkr eu abcdef
ghbijkw ik se ksvly poetbo qceqrcsirk eu b grcsbij kscvgsvcrl krsw vkijp crqrbsrl bqqoigbsiej eu oegbo scbjkisiej
cvork{ |j shr vbjsvm krssijpw shevphw shr oegbo scbjkisiej cvor ik lrxjrl se tr vjisbcyw cbshrc shbj qcetbtioiksig{
gobkkigbo abcdef ghbij ik kbil se tr b cbjlem nbod ej bj vjlrcoyijp pcbqhw iu shr jelrk eu shr pcbqh bcr shr
ksbsrk ij w bjl b ksbsr hbk jej rce qcetbtioisy se pe se iu bjl ejoy iu shr rlpr ~ r}iksk ij shr pcbqh{
e lrxjr b vbjsvm cbjlem nbodw ij bllisiej se shr iotrcs kqbgr kqbjjrl ty shr jelrk eu shr pcbqhw nr
mvks r}qoigisoy ijscelvgr shr iotrcs kqbgr kqbjjrl ty shr evsgemrk eu shr geij shbs gejsceo shr qcegrkk{ hvkw
shr vbjsvm nbod ik booenrl se vkr bj bv}ioibcy iotrcs kqbgrw ij bllisiej se shr ejr kqbjjrl ty shr jelrk
eu shr pcbqh{ enw shr vbjsvm nbod ej b pcbqh ik jbsvcbooy lrxjrl se tr b vjisbcy scbjkuecmbsiej ej shr
srjkec qcelvgs eu shr iotrcs kqbgr eu shr pcbqh bjl shr bv}ioibcy iotrcs kqbgrw bjl nish shr qceqrcsy shbs
shr qcetbtioisy bmqoisvlr ~cbshrc shbj shr qcetbtioisy ik jej rce ejoy ej rlprk eu shr pcbqh{
en le shr tbkig lrxjisiejk eu abcdef ghbijk gbccy efrc se vbjsvm nbodk hr meks uvjlbmrjsbo qceqrcsy
eu abcdef ghbijk ik shr ubgs shbs shry gejfrcpr se b ksbsiejbcy likscitvsiejw ijlrqrjlrjs eu shr ijisibo ksbsr{
enrfrcw ty shric frcy lrxjisiejw vbjsvm nbodk le jes gejfrcpr se bjy ksbsiejbcy ksbsr{ hik ik lvr se shr ubgs
shbs vjisbcy mbscigrk qcrkrcfr shr jecm eu frgseckw bjl hrjgr shr liksbjgr trsnrrj shr frgseck lrkgcitijp shr
kyksrm bs kvtkrvrjs simrk lerk jes gejfrcpr se { jr gbj bkd nhrshrc shr qcetbtioisy likscitvsiej ijlvgrl
ej shr jelrk eu shr pcbqh gejfrcprk ij simrw tvs is svcjk evs shbs shik qcetbtioisy likscitvsiej lerk jes gejfrcpr
rishrc{ enrfrcw nr gbj etsbij b jbsvcbo jesiej eu gejfrcprjgr ij shr vbjsvm gbkrw iu nr lrxjr shr oimisijp
likscitvsiej bk shr oimis eu shr eu shr qcetbtioisy likscitvsiejk efrc simr{ hik lrxjisiej gbqsvcrk shr
bmevjs eu simr shr nbod kqrjlk ij rbgh kvtkrs eu shr jelrkw bjl mecrefrcw is geccrkqejlk se shr jbsvcbo gejgrqs
eu kbmqoijp ucem shr pcbqhw kijgr iu ejr mrbkvcrk shr ksbsr bs b cbjlem simr ghekrj ucem shr ijsrcfbo w
shr crkvosijp likscitvsiej ik r}bgsoy shr bfrcbpr likscitvsiej{ r khen shbs boshevph ij prjrcbow shr oimisijp
likscitvsiej ik b uvjgsiej eu shr ijisibo ksbsr eu shr vbjsvm nbodw uec zbyory pcbqhk eu troibj pcevqk shr
oimisijp likscitvsiej ik ijlrqrjlrjs eu shr ijisibo ksbsrw bjl ik vjiuecm efrc shr pcevq rormrjsk{
hr cbsr bs nhigh gejfrcprjgr sbdrk qobgrw gboorl shr mi}ijp simrw ik eu gcvgibo imqecsbjgr se shr bopecishmig
bqqoigbsiejk eu gobkkigbo abcdef ghbijk{ ifrj shr jesiej eu oimisijp likscitvsiej ij shr vbjsvm gbkrw nr gbj
jen sbod btevs mi}ijp simrk eu b vbjsvm nbod{ jbsvcbo lrxjisiej uec mi}ijp simr ik shr simr is sbdrk uec shr
bfrcbpr qcetbtioisy likscitvsiej se prs goekr se shr oimisijp likscitvsiej{ r gbj boke sbod btevs mrbkvcrk uec
hen ubks shr vbjsvm nbod kqcrblk ec hen oejp is sbdrk shr vbjsvm nbod se rkgbqr ucem b kmboo jriphtecheel{
r pifr lrxjisiejk eu vbjsvm mi}ijp simrw kbmqoijp simrw xooijp simrw bjl likqrckiej simr{ en le shr fbcievk
mi}ijp simrk eu vbjsvm nbodk gemqbcr nish shric gobkkigbo gevjsrcqbcsk r khen shbs shr vbjsvm nbod ej
b gygor gejfrcprk ij simr
~ oep w shrcrty pifijp b jrbcoy vblcbsig kqrrlvq efrc shr gobkkigbo nbod{ ec shr
gygor shik vblcbsig kqrrl vq ik shr trks qekkitorw kijgr shr libmrsrc eu shr pcbqh ik gorbcoy b oenrc tevjl uec
shr mi}ijp simr{ en obcpr gbj shr vbjsvm kqrrl vq trw uec eshrc pcbqhk r pifr b prjrcbo oenrc tevjl
ej shr fbcievk mrbkvcrk uec shr vbjsvm mi}ijp simrw ij srcmk eu shr gejlvgsbjgr eu shr vjlrcoyijp pcbqh{
vc mbij crkvos khenk shbs vbjsvm cbjlem nbodk ej pcbqhk gbj tr bs meks qeoyjemibooy ubksrc shbj shric
gobkkigbo gevjsrcqbcskw bjl ij ubgsw uec tevjlrl lrpcrr pcbqhkw shr pbq ik bs meks vblcbsig{
|s ik ksioo bj eqrj vrksiej nhrshrc vbjsvm nbodk gbj tr vkrl se etsbij b vblcbsig kqrrl vq uec grcsbij
cbjlemirl bopecishmk kvgh bk { |jlrrlw boo vbjsvm bopecishmk ucem shr obks lrgblr ijgovlijp
hec k grortcbsrl ubgsecibsiej bopecishm bjl cefrc k krbcgh bopecishm vkr ejoy vbjsvm evcirc
scbjkuecmk bjl gobkkigbo gemqvsbsiej{ |k is qekkitor se vkr eshrc syqrk eu vjisbcy scbjkuecmbsiejk se lrkipj jrn
vbjsvm bopecishmk jr gejkscbijs shbs mvks tr mrs ik shbs shr vjisbcy scbjkuecmbsiejk mvks tr qeoy oegbo
shry mvks tr b qcelvgs eu b qeoyjemibo jvmtrc eu oegbo vjisbcy scbjkuecmbsiejk{ vbjsvm nbodk ej pcbqhk
miphs qcefilr b peel ksbcsijp qeijs se r}qoecr shr r rgsk eu b krvrjgr eu oegbo vjisbcy scbjkuecmbsiejk{
hr qbqrc ik ecpbjirl bk ueooenk{ r xcks pifr kemr tbgdpcevjl crpbclijp gobkkigbo abcdef ghbijk bjl shr
vbjsvm melro{ r qcegrrl se lrxjr vbjsvm abcdef ghbijkw bjl qcefr fbcievk prjrcbo crkvosk btevs shr
oimisijp likscitvsiej{ r shrj qcefr shr kqrrl vq uec shr vbjsvm nbod ej shr gygorw nhigh ik ueooenrl ty bj
vqqrc tevjl ej shr mi}ijp simr uec prjrcbo pcbqhk{ ijbooy nr qcefr shr qeoyjemibo oenrc tevjl ej shr kqrrl
vq uec bjy pcbqhw bjl gejgovlr nish b oiks eu eqrj vrksiejk{
mtbijikw bgh bjl bscevk ! ksvly shr fbcievk qceqrcsirk eu shr vbjsvm nbod ej shr
ijxjisr oijrw bjl ij qbcsigvobc khen shbs shr fbcibjgr eu shik nbod ik oijrbc ij simrw bk eqqekrl se shr kvbcr cees
trhbfiec eu shr gobkkigbo gbkr{ bybd bjl " ikhnbjbsh # nrcr btor se bgsvbooy gbogvobsr shr bkymqsesig trhbfiec
eu shr qcetbtioisy likscitvsiejk uec shr nbod ej shr ijxjisr oijrw bjl khenrl shbs shr qcetbtioisy likscitvsiej bs
simr ik nishij b gejksbjs ij sesbo fbcibsiej liksbjgr ucem shr vjiuecm likscitvsiej efrc bj ijsrcfbo nhigh ik eu
orjpsh oijrbc ij {
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kimqor cbjlem nbod ej bj vjlicrgsrl pcbqh = ~> ? w ik lrkgcitrl ty crqrbsrl bqqoigbsiejk eu b kseghbksig
mbsci} @ w nhrcr @ A BC D FGE iu ~H I ik bj rlpr ij = bjl L J A shr lrpcrr eu H { |u = ik gejjrgsrl bjl jej
tiqbcsisrw shrj shr likscitvsiej eu shr cbjlem nbodw K L D @ K M gejfrcprk se b ksbsiejbcy likscitvsiej N nhigh
ik ijlrqrjlrjs eu shr ijisibo likscitvsiej K M { ec = nhigh ik J O crpvobcw i{r{ iu boo jelrk hbfr shr kbmr lrpcrrw
shr oimisijp qcetbtioisy likscitvsiej ik vjiuecm efrc shr jelrk eu shr pcbqh{ hrcr bcr mbjy lrxjisiejk nhigh
gbqsvcr shr cbsr bs nhigh shr gejfrcprjgr se shr oimisijp likscitvsiej eggvck{ kvcfry gbj tr uevjl ij P {
Q R S T T S U VW X TY TS Z [ T\ ] ^ D mij _ ` a b _ K M c ``K L O N `` d e f

nhrcr hrcr bjl shcevphevs shr qbqrcw nr vkr shr sesbo fbcibsiej liksbjgr se mrbkvcr shr liksbjgr trsnrrj sne
likscitvsiejk J E J c J E O J D `J E ~ O J ~ `{
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hr mi}ijp simr ik crobsrl se shr pbq trsnrrj shr ~vjivr obcprks riprjfbovr E D eu shr kseghbksig mbsci}
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ksbsrk mby tr ijsrcqcrsrl bk shr qekkitor gobkkigbo ksbsrk eu shr kyksrm lrkgcitrl ty { |j prjrcbow shr
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S T T S c vbjsvm qhykigk crvicrk shbs shr rfeovsiej eu vbjsvm ksbsrk ik vjisbcyw shbs ik shr
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riprjfrgseckw bjl shr geccrkqejlijp riprjfbovrk bcr boo eu btkeovsr fbovr {
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shr eijs kyksrm ik lrkgcitrl ty shr srjkec qcelvgs eu shr iotrcs kqbgrkw { |u shr tbkik ksbsrk uec
w bcr ` Ì w crkqrgsifroyw shrj shr tbkik ksbsrk eu bcr ` Ì { r nioo vkr shr
bttcrfibsrl jesbsiej ` I uec shr ksbsr ` Ì { hik geijgilrk nish shr ijsrcqcrsbsiej ty nhigh shr krs
eu tbkik ksbsrk eu shr gemtijrl kyksrm ik kqbjjrl ty boo qekkitor gobkkigbo gejxpvcbsiejk eu shr sne
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w ec `> ` shr jvmtrc eu frcsigrk ij = { icks bkkvmr shbs = ik J crpvobc{ rs tr bj bv}ioibcy iotrcs kqbgr
eu limrjkiej J kqbjjrl ty shr ksbsrk ` shcevph `J ~nr shijd eu shik bv}ioibcy iotrcs kqbgr bk shr geij
kqbgr { rs tr b vjisbcy scbjkuecmbsiej ej ~nhigh nr shijd eu bk shr geij sekkijp eqrcbsec { btro
rbgh licrgsrl rlpr nish b jvmtrc trsnrrj bjl J w kvgh shbs uec rbgh w shr licrgsrl rlprk obtrorl uecm
b qrcmvsbsiej{ ec zbyory pcbqhk shr obtroijp eu b licrgsrl rlpr ik kimqoy shr prjrcbsec bkkegibsrl nish shr
rlpr{ en nr gbj lrxjr b khius eqrcbsec ej kvgh shbs ` I D ` H nhrcr H ik shr sh jriphtec
eu I { esr shbs kijgr shr rlpr obtroijp ik b qrcmvsbsiejw ik vjisbcy{ jr ksrq eu shr vbjsvm nbod ik pifrj
ty D ~ { r gboo shik nbod b TS S \ V
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zejkilrc shr pcbqh = nhigh ik b gygor nish jelrk{ hik
crpvobc pcbqh gbj tr firnrl bk shr zbyory pcbqh eu shr troibj pcevq nish shr prjrcbseck ~lrjesrl ty
uec ciphs bjl O ~lrjesrl ty uec orus{ hr iotrcs kqbgr eu shr nbod nevol shrj tr { r gheekr
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crpiksrcw ueooenrl ty shr khius { esr shbs shr geij nr vkr geccrkqejlk se b gobkkigbo vjtibkrl nbodw ij shr
krjkr shbs iu mrbkvcrlw shr nbod hbk bj rvbo ghbjgr eu mefijp orus ec ciphs{
|j evc meks prjrcbo lrxjisiejw shr Z S S \ w nr crob} evc crkscigsiej ej shr r}bgs uecm eu
w bjl crvicr ejoy shbs shr kscvgsvcr eu shr pcbqh{ |j eshrc neclkw nr crvicr shbsw uec bjy I bjl
w shr kvqrcqekisiej ` I ejoy gejsbijk tbkik ksbsrk ` & I & nish I & ' ~I ( I w nhrcr ' ~I ik shr krs eu
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ksbsr eu shr vbjsvm nbod bs simr ik ` L D L ` M |j prjrcbo shr oimis oim L ,- . ` L lerk jes r}iks{ hr
crbkej trijp shbs w bk b vjisbcy scbjkuecmbsiejw qcrkrcfrk shr jecm eu ` L O ` L { zejkilrc ijksrbl shr
qcetbtioisy likscitvsiej ej shr jelrk eu shr pcbqh ijlvgrl ty ` L w
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jr miphs bkd nhrshrc shik qcetbtioisy likscitvsiej gejfrcprk se b oimis{ enrfrcw @ L lerk jes gejfrcpr rishrc{
e krr shikwL xcks etkrcfr shbs shr riprjfbovrk eu bcr eu shr uecm w bjl shrcruecr busrc b xjisr jvmtrc eu
ksrqkw w ik bctiscbcioy goekr se kimvosbjrevkoy uec boo riprjfbovrk{ rjgr shr rfeovsiej eu shr ksbsr ik vbki
qrcielig shr ksbsr eu shr kyksrm L ` M ik bctiscbcioy goekr se ` M ~bjl L E ` M ik bctiscbcioy goekr se ` E
uec ijxjisroy mbjy simrk { k oejp bk shr qcetbtioisy likscitvsiejk bs simr bjl bcr li rcrjsw @ M D @ E w shik
imqoirk shbs @ L lerk jes gejfrcpr{
rkqisr shr ubgs shbs shr bgsvbo likscitvsiej lerk jes gejfrcprw isk bfrcbpr efrc simr lerk{ r lrxjr c
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nhigh nr lrjesr ty N ~I ~bjl kemrsimrk ncisr N ~I ` M iu nr nikh se kscrkk isk lrqrjlrjgr ej shr ijisibo frgsec{
|jsvisifroyw shik vbjsisy gbqsvcrk shr qceqecsiej eu simr nhigh shr nbod kqrjlk ij bjy pifrj jelr{ esr shbs
is ik rbky se kbmqor bggeclijp se shik likscitvsiej @ vkijp shr ueooenijp qcegrkk c jiuecmoy qigd b cbjlem simr
trsnrrj bjl _ O w ors shr qcegrkk rfeofr uec simr ksrqk bjl shrj mrbkvcr se krr nhigh jelr is ik bs{ hr
jelr nioo shrj tr likscitvsrl bggeclijp se @ {
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