, , , 12-13 .

, 2006

. . , , ikx@snd.edu.gr, 210-4581332
. . , . , jprousal@naval.ntua.gr, 210-7722869
. ,
() . . , MSc MESE
. , - ROTECH Engineering Ltd

.

(All Electric Ship
AES).
1.

(
) ,
. ,
, .
, ,
prime movers ( ).
, -,
[1-49].
55 [42-43]. ,
../.. ( Ward-Leonard) .
. 1950,
... K
, . ( ),
,
.
Now Electrical
~7 MW

Moving to Electrical

Frigate
Constraint
(Space or
weight)

Destroyer
Subs
2 Low Power
High Constraints
Offshore

Auxiliaries

1 Low Power
Ferries
Low Constraint

Cargo

4 High Power
High Constraint

Aircraft
Carrier
3 High Power
Low Constraint
Cruise

Ro-Pax

Power

1. ( ) .
( ), [48]

 , , , 12-13 ., 2006

(,
, ), '90
, , , , .., . 1. ,
:
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
, ,
[42-43]. , ,


[17-19,23,28,42]. - -
, ( ),

.

:
. (
-All Electric Ship-AES),
, ,
( .. , ...),
. ,
.
,
.
.
.
,

. ,
(.
) (0.52.5 MW).
2.
2.1 X

2.
-,
.
,
-shaft generators- (
- ).
(DC link)
(thrusters).
, (.. )
, . (
) .

 , , , 12-13 ., 2006

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.

( )

(, , , )

2.

(fuel cells) ( )
/ [42-43].
, .
, .

c
a

a. (fuel cell)
b.
c. /
d. /
e.
f.
g.
i.

3. .

 , , , 12-13 ., 2006

2.2

.
, :
1.

2.

3.
4.
5.
6.

7.
8.
9.

. , ( ),
( ), /
(Fuel-Cells) ( ).
, (DC, AC)
(
(, ,
...)).
.
.
, ,
.
.
, ,
( ).
- .
.
:
. , ,
;

:
.1. ,
,
.
.2. ,
.
.3. ,
(AES),
.
. , (
, (inverters) (converter),
-, ...).
. (.. , , ).
.
, (- ) ,
.
. (, ,
...) .
,
.
.
,
, .
. [44]
. .

10.
- .

, ,
, () () ()
() () (3-5
knots).

 , , , 12-13 ., 2006

11.
, () ,
,
.
- :
. .
. (inverters)
.
. (converters)
.
. ( )
.
12.

.
, ,
, ,
.
2.3
,
:
. (Full Electric Propulsion - F.E.P.) :
.
- ,
( ). .
.
. (Integrated Full Electric Propulsion - I.F.E.P.) :
- ,
, .
. ( All Electric Ship -A.E.S. ) :

.
. (Propulsion Network) :
( )
.
. (Ship Service System) :
, , .
3.
3.1
, 96 - 98%, 3 - 4%
.
3,3 - 6,6 kV.
98%!!
, ( )
.
.
,
Joule
.
( -, Sm-Co
--, NdFeB)
, , . . 4-5.

 , , , 12-13 ., 2006

450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Sm-Co
Nd-Fe-B

19
78
19
82
19
86
19
90
19
94
19
98

Sm-TM

19
70
19
74

Max Energy Product (kJ/m3)

(torque ripples) (vibrations).
, . ,
,
.
.
American Syperconductor Inc.
25MW.

Year

Max Energy Product (kJ/m3)

4. 30 , [48].

400
300
200

SmCo
Nd-Fe-B

100

Sm-TM

0
50

100

200

300

400

500

550

Tem p (C)

5. , [48].

. ()

6.
)
)
) .

 , , , 12-13 ., 2006

3.1.1

.
PERMASYN SIEMENS, Sm-Co
[43].
(Advanced Induction Motor-AIM) ALSTOM, [3-5, 49]
(Type 45) .
. 3-
5, 10 15

.
3.1.2 (transverse flux motors)
,
, . . 7.

7. [2-3,42,48]

3.1.3 (axial flux motors)

,
()

 , , , 12-13 ., 2006

8. [8]

9. 4
(modules) [8].

10. 4
[8].

11. [8].

 , , , 12-13 ., 2006

3.2
.., v ,
( )
' .
.
6- ( ).
. 12
6 , 30.
24 .
:

SPWM

, .
(DC-link)
, . 1:
) (CSI Current Source Inverters) SPWM: DC-link

() .
) (VSI Voltage Source Inverters) SPWM:

() ,
) (synchro-converters) LCI (Load Commutated Inverters, LCI):
(CSI)
.
.
.

(cycloconverters):
.
, ( 50/60
Hz 2-3 z).

6 (6-) 36
, 12 , . . 12-13. (g o) 6
, . . 13.
. .
, ,
( 13 ).
,
SPWM.
,
( ),
.

 , , , 12-13 ., 2006

12. ( ) [14].

g
1
A

3
B

3
A

5
B

1
A

3
B

13. 6 .
A, B, C R, S, T .
.

 , , , 12-13 ., 2006

12 6
30.
.
12 , . 14,
, 15.
.

14. 12

15. 12 23-
( .. 30)


.
(matrix converters):


. / ,


.

, (..
Venturini) [7]. ,
( )
.

 , , , 12-13 ., 2006

b
C
c

16.

1.
[7].

LCI

VSI

PWM

>6 MVA

6.n.fi

1 MVA

(3k1).fo

>30 MVA

(3k1).fo

2 MVA

(3k1).fo

2 MVA
(IGBT)
6 MVA
(GTO)

2.n.fo

CSI

6.n.fi(2.p+1).fo
>30 MVA

n=1,2,3, k=2,4,6, p=0,1,2,3,... fi= fo=

 , , , 12-13 ., 2006

3.3
O
, , ,
(), F , IA:
=k.IF.IA
k .

.

V/F (scalar control): -

-:
.
. ,
.
.
.
SPWM CSI ( ):
.
, PWM
.
(vector control): ,
, , ,
(), f , IA:
=k.If.IA

90 . ,
,
. ,

. ,
(direct axis, d) (quadrature axis, q). O
.
50 , ,
15
. (
) . ,

(field control), .
(field control)
, .
17.

qr

qs

qmr
dmr
dr

(ds,qs): ()
(dr,qr): (
)
(dmr,qmr):
(
).
, (dr,qr)
(dmr,qmr) .

ds
17.

 , , , 12-13 ., 2006

.
,
. , ,

.
,
(dmr,qmr)
:
=k.is,dmr.is,qmr
( )
( ,
R L
).
, ,
. ,
(torque ripples).

(direct torque control DTC):

(vector field control). ,
,

.
( ).

.

(Azipod, )
. H ,
, (..
)
(torque ripples).

3.4

, . . 18.

Shaft Line
IFEP-

IFEP-Pod ( )

18.

 , , , 12-13 ., 2006

0-100%. , 100% .
, ( ) .
, .
,
( )
( ).
3.4.1
, (
MCR) , . , .
, 10 - 20%
, (MCR).
- - - 10 - 20%.
19 ,
.

6
7
5

1
120%
2
100%
3
120%
4
100%
5 30% SM
6
7

19.
[19].
3.4.2
( )
- 65 - 100% ,
.
, .

2
3

1
100%
2
100%
3

20. [19].

 , , , 12-13 ., 2006

20
- ,
.
3.4.3 (POD)

. ,
, , , .
20 . 21. 360
( ),. ,
,
.

20. (Azipod- Marine)

Mermaid Kamewa - Alstom

4.

,
, :
0100 %.
.
.
, ,
.
,
.
.
.
( ) , , .

 , , , 12-13 ., 2006

21.
( SSP, Siemens-Schottel)

:
. , ,
. x , .., Diesel
, .

,

.

:
-

. ,
(Commercial Off The Shelf COTS),
.
Y , . ..,
Diesel - ,
4%: 2% 2% ,
/. - , 7 8%: 3% , 2% 2 - 3%
. ,

.

, [44],
.

.

 , , , 12-13 ., 2006

. ,
,
.

.
, - ,
, ( , ,
, ).

5.

.


.
6.

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[2] ABB Marine (2000), Azimuthing Electric Propulsion Drive
[3] AES (2000) All Electric Ship Civil or Military,
, Paris (France), .
[4] AES (2003) All Electric Ship Civil or Military,
, dinburg (UK), .
[5] AES (2005) All Electric Ship Civil or Military,
, Paris (France), .
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 , , , 12-13 ., 2006

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[38] M , (1995), , , .
[39] (1988), , , .
[40] . (1999), ,
, , .
[41] ., (2005): :
, .
[42] ., I.. (2001): , , ,
.
[43] ., . , . (2006): .. ,
: -
, 12-13 2006.
[44] ., .., ., ., ., ,
. (2006): H :
, : , 12-13 .

[45] ABB Marine Azipod Propulsor http://www.abb.com

[46] Kamewa Alstom Mermaid Propulsor http://www.kamewagroup.com
[47] Siemens, SSP Propulsor, http://www.is.siemens.de/marine-eng/sspfs.htm
[48] Rolls-Royce, http://www.rolls-royce.com
[49] Alstom, http://www.marine.alstom.com