Gate MCQ Ee - by RK Kanodia

CHAPTER 8.
4
PHASE CONTROLLED CONVERTERS
Statement for Common Data Questions Q. 1 - 3

A single phase 230 V, 50 Hz ac source is feeding a fully controlled
bridge converter shown in the figure. The firing angle is 30c.
8.4.1
The dc output voltage will be

(A) 126.8 V
(B) 96.6 V
(C) 179.3 V
8.4.2
If a freewheeling diode is connected across the load, then what is the

value of dc output voltage ?
(A) 193.2 V
(B) 136.6 V
(C) 386.4 V
8.4.3
(D) 17.8 A
A three-phase, half-wave controlled converter is fed from a 380 V

(line), 50 Hz ac supply and is operating at a firing angle of 45c. The
thyristors have a forward voltage-drop of 1.2 V. What will be the
approximate average load voltage ?
(A) 127 V
(B) 180.2 V
(C) 256.3 V
8.4.5
(D) 273.2 V
When the thyristor Th 3 gets open circuited, the value of dc output

current flowing through a load of 10 is
(A) 9.7 A
(B) 19.3 A
(C) 13.7 A
8.4.4
(D) 63.4 V
(D) 103.5 V
In the circuit shown below, the thyristor is fired at an angle /4 in

Sample Chapter GATE MCQ FOR Electrical Engineering Vol-1, 2
Authors: RK Kanodia & Ashish Murolia
Published by: NODIA and COMPANY
ISBN: 9788192276212/29
534
CHAP 8.4
every positive half-cycle of the input ac voltage. The average power

across the load will be
8.4.6
8.4.7
(A) 2.2 kW
(B) 4.4 kW
(C) 1.1 kW
(D) 8.8 kW
A line commutated ac to dc converter is shown in the figure. It

operates from a three phase, 50 Hz, 580 V (line to line) supply. The
load current I 0 is ripple free and constant at 3464 A. For an average
output voltage of 648 V, the delay angle is
(A) 34.2c
(B) 78.1c
(C) 62.5c
(D) 40.6c
A single-phase half controlled bridge rectifier is operated from a

source Vs = 100 sin 314t . The average power drawn by a resistive load
of 10 ohms at a firing angle = 45c is
(A) 295.5 W
(B) 500 W
(C) 267 W
8.4.8
(D) 454.5 W
In a fully-controlled converter the load voltage is controlled by which

of the following quantity ?
(A) extension angle
(B) firing angle
(C) conduction angel
(D) none
The fully controlled bridge converter shown in the figure is fed from a
single-phase source. The peak value of input voltage is Vm , What will
be the average output dc voltage Vdc for a firing of 30c ?
8.4.9
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CHAP 8.4
8.4.10
(A) 0.6Vm
(B) .077Vm
(C) 0.155Vm
(D) 0.424Vm
When the firing angle of a single phase fully controlled rectifier

feeding constant d.c. current into the load is 30c, what is the
displacement factor of the rectifier ?
(A) 1
(B) 0.5
(C)
8.4.11
8.4.13
(D)
3
2
In a single phase full wave controlled bridge rectifier, minimum

output voltage and maximum output voltage are obtained at which
conduction angles ?
(B)
(A) 0c, 180c respectively
180c, 0c respectively
(C) 0c, 0c respectively
8.4.12
535
(D)
180c, 180c respectively
A half-controlled bridge converter is operating from an r.m.s input

voltage of 120 V. Neglecting the voltage drops, what are the mean
load voltage at a firing delay angle of 0c and 180c, respectively ?
(A) 120 # 2 2 V and 0
(B)
0 and 120 # 2 2 V
(C) 120 2 V and 0
(D)
0 and 120 2 V
In the single phase voltage controller circuit shown in the figure,

for what range of triggering angle (), the input voltage (V0) is not
controllable ?

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536
8.4.14
(A) 0c < < 45c
(B) 45c < < 135c
(C) 90c < < 180c
(D) 135c < < 180c
A single-phase full-bridge converter with a free-wheeling diode feeds

an inductive load. The load resistance is 15.53 and it has a large
inductance providing constant and ripple free d.c. current. Input to
converter is from an ideal 230 V, 50 Hz single phase source. For a
firing delay angle of 60c, the average value of diode current is
(A) 10 A
(B) 8.165 A
(B) 5.774 A
8.4.15
8.4.17
(D) 3.33 A
A single phase fully controlled bridge converter feeds an inductive

load. Assume the load current to be constant and the firing angle is
45c, the input harmonic factor is
(A) 0.636
(B) 0.210
(C) 0.482
8.4.16
CHAP 8.4
(D) 0.562
The fully controlled thyristor converter in the figure is fed from a

single-phase source. When the firing angle is 0c, the dc output voltage
of the converter is 300 V. What will be the output voltage for a firing
angle of 60c, assuming continuous conduction
(A) 150 V
(B) 210 V
(C) 300 V
(D) 100 V
A single-phase half controlled converter shown in the figure feeding

power to highly inductive load. The converter is operating at a firing
angle of 60c.

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CHAP 8.4
537
If the firing pulses are suddenly removed, the steady state voltage
(V0) waveform of the converter will become
8.4.18
A three pulse converter is feeding a purely resistive load. What is the

value of firing delay angle , which dictates the boundary between
continuous and discontinuous mode of current conduction ?
(B) = 30c
(A) = 0c
(C) = 60c
(D) = 150c

ISBN: 9788192276212/29
538
8.4.19
A single phase fully controlled bridge converter supplies a load

drawing constant and ripple free load current, if the triggering angle
is 30c, the input power factor will be
(A) 0.65
(B) 0.78
(C) 0.85
8.4.20
CHAP 8.4
(D) 0.866
The total harmonic distortion (THD) of ac supply input current of

rectifiers is maximum for
(A) single-phase diode rectifier with dc inductive filter
(B) 3-phase diode rectifier with dc inductive filter
(C) 3-phase thyristor with inductive filter
(D) Single-phase diode rectifier with capacitive filter
8.4.21
A six pulse thyristor rectifier bridge is connected to a balanced 50 Hz

three phase ac source. Assuming that the dc output current of the
rectifier is constant, the lowest frequency harmonic component in the
ac source line current is
(A) 100 Hz
(B) 150 Hz
(C) 250 Hz
8.4.22
(D) 300 Hz
A single phase fully controlled converter bridge is used for electrical

braking of a separately excited dc motor. The dc motor load is
represented by an equivalent circuit as shown in the figure.
Assume that the load inductance is sufficient to ensure continuous

and ripple free load current. The firing angle of the bridge for a load
current of I0 = 10 A will be
(B) 51c
(A) 44c
(C) 129c
(D) 136c
A three phase fully controlled bridge converter is feeding a load

drawing a constant and ripple free load current of 10 A at a firing
8.4.23
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CHAP 8.4
539
angle of 30c. The approximate Total harmonic Distortion (%THD)

and the rms value of fundamental component of input current will
respectively be
(A) 31% and 6.8 A
(B) 31% and 7.8 A
(C) 66% and 6.8 A
8.4.24
A single-phase fully controlled thyristor bridge ac-dc converter is

operating at a firing angle of 25c and an overlap angle of 10c with
constant dc output current of 20 A. The fundamental power factor
(displacement factor) at input ac mains is
(A) 0.78
(B) 0.827
(C) 0.866
8.4.25
(D) 66% and 7.8 A
(D) 0.9
A single phase full-wave half-controlled bridge converter feeds an

inductive load. The two SCRs in the converter are connected to a
common DC bus. The converter has to have a freewheeling diode.
(A) because the converter inherently does not provide for freewheeling
(B) because the converter does not provide for free-wheeling for high
values of triggering angles
(C) or else the free-wheeling action of the converter will cause shorting
of the AC supply
(D) or else if a gate pulse to one of the SCRs is missed, it will
subsequently cause a high load current in the other SCR.
8.4.26
In the circuit shown in Figure, L is large and the average value of I 0

is 100 A. Then which of the following is true for the circuit ?
(A) The thyristor is gated in the positive half cycle of e (t) at a delay
angle equal to 167.9c.
(B) The thyristor is gated in the negative half cycle of e (t) at a delay
(C) The thyristor is gated in the positive half cycle of e (t) at a delay
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540
CHAP 8.4
(D) The thyristor is gated in the negative half cycle of e (t) at a delay
8.4.27
When a line commutated converter operates in the inverter mode

(A) it draws both real and reactive power from the A.C. supply.
(B) it delivers both real and reactive power to the A.C. supply
(C) it delivers real power to the A.C. supply
(D) it draws reactive power from the A.C. supply.
8.4.28
In a 3-phase controlled bridge rectifier, with an increase of overlap

angle, the output dc voltage.
(A) decreases
(B) increases
(C) does not change
8.4.29
(D) depends upon load inductance
In a dual converter, the circulating current

(A) allows smooth reversal of load current, but increases the response
time
(B) does not allow smooth reversal of load current, but reduces the
response time
(C) allows smooth reversal of load current with improved speed of
response
(D) flows only if there is no interconnecting inductor.
8.4.30
A PWM switching scheme is used with a three phase inverter to

(A) reduce the total harmonic distortion with modest filtering.
(B) minimize the load on the DC side
(C) increase the life of the batteries
(D) reduce low order harmonics and increase high order harmonics
8.4.31
A half controlled bridge converter feeds a resistive load of 10 with

ripple free current. If the input voltage is 240 V, 50 Hz and the
triggering angle is 60c then the value of rms input current is
(A) 12.63 A
(B) 16.20 A
(C) 15.38 A
(D) 13.23 A
A three phase fully controlled bridge converter is fed from a 400 V

(line to line) ac source. A resistive load of 100 draws 400 W of
power form the converter, the input power factor will be
(A) 0.5
(B) 0.21
8.4.32
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CHAP 8.4
(C) 0.37
8.4.33
(D) 26.30%
For a single phase half-controlled bridge converter having highly

inductive load, the delay angle is /2 . The harmonic factor will be
(A) 30.80%
(B) 12.10%
(C) 48.34%
8.4.39
(D) load
The rectification efficiency of a single phase half-wave controlled

rectifier having a resistive load and the delay angle of /2 is
(A) 24.28%
(B) 45.04%
(C) 20.28%
8.4.38
(D) 0.492
In the continuous conduction mode the output voltage waveform

does not depend on
(A) firing angle
(B) conduction angle
(C) supply
8.4.37
(D) 96.6%, 0.477
A full-wave controlled bridge rectifier is fed by an ac source of 230 V

rms, 50 Hz . The value of load resistance is 15 ohm. For a delay angle
of 30c the input power factor is
(A) 0.840
(B) 0.70
(C) 0.985
8.4.36
(D) /6
A single-phase half-controlled bridge rectifier is feeding a load drawing

a constant and ripple free load current at a firing angle = /6 . The
harmonic factor(HF) of input current and the input power factor
respectively are
(A) 30.80%, 0.922
(B) 4.72%, 0.6
(C) 60%, 0.827
8.4.35
(D) 0.86
A single-phase half-wave controlled converter is fed from a sinusoidal

source. If the average output voltage is 25% of the maximum possible
average output voltage for a purely resistive load, then firing angle is
(B) /2
(A) /4
(C) /3
8.4.34
541
(D) 23.37%
In the circuit shown in the figure, the SCRs are triggered at 30c
delay. The current through 100 resistor is

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8.4.40
(A) 1.85 A
(B) 2.35 A
(C) 1.35 A
(D) 1.50 A
CHAP 8.4
A three phase half wave controlled rectifier circuit is shown in the

figure. It is operated from 3- star connected, supply transformer
with a line to line ac supply voltage of 440 volts rms, at 50 Hz. The
thyristor are triggered at a delay angle of = 30c. Assume continuous
ripple free current.
The average output current is

(A) 7.42 A
(B) 40.4 A
(C) 12.86 A
8.4.41
(D) 16.57 A
In the circuit shown in figure, a battery of 6 V is charged by a 1- one

pulse thyristor controlled rectifier. A resistance R is to be inserted
in series with the battery to limit the charging current to 4 A. The
value of R is

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CHAP 8.4
8.4.42
(A) 3.30
(B) 6.0
(C) 2.54
(D) 9.10
A single-phase, 230 V, 50 Hz ac mains fed step down transformer

(4:1) is supplying power to a half-wave uncontrolled ac-dc converter
used for charging a battery(12 V dc) with the series current limiting
resistor being 19.04 . The charging current is
(A) 2.43 A
(B) 1.65 A
(C) 1.22 A
8.4.43
543
(D) 1.0 A
A 3-phase fully controlled bridge converter with free wheeling diode

is fed from 400 V, 50 Hz AC source and is operating at a firing angle
of 60c. The load current is assumed constant at 10 A due to high
load inductance. The input displacement factor (IDF) and the input
power factor (IPF) of the converter will be
(A) IDF = 0.867; IPF = 0.828 (B) IDF = 0.867; IPF = 0.552
(C) IDF = 0.955; IPF = 0.478 (D) IDF = 0.5; IPF = 0.318
8.4.44
A solar cell of 350 V is feeding power to an ac supply of 440 V,

50 Hz through a 3-phase fully controlled bridge converter. A large
inductance is connected in the dc circuit to maintain the dc current
at 20 A. If the solar cell resistance is 0.5 ,then each thyristor will be
reverse biased for a period of
(B) 120c
(A) 125c
(C) 60c
8.4.45
(D) 55c
A single-phase bridge converter is used to charge a battery of 200 V

having an internal resistance of 0.2 as shown in figure. The SCRs
are triggered by a constant dc signal. If SCR 2 gets open circuited,
what will be the average charging current ?
(A) 23.8 A
(B) 15 A
(C) 11.9 A
(D) 3.54 A

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8.4.46
8.4.47
8.4.48
CHAP 8.4
Consider a phase-controlled converter shown in the figure. The

thyristor is fired at an angle in every positive half cycle of the
input voltage. If the peak value of the instantaneous output voltage
equals 230 V, the firing angle is close to
(A) 45c
(B) 135c
(C) 90c
(D) 83.6c
In the single phase diode bridge rectifier shown in figure, the load
resistor is R = 50 . The source voltage is V = 200 sin (t), where
= 2 # 50 radians per second. The power dissipated in the load
resistor R is
(A) 3200 W
(B) 400 W
(C) 400 W
(D) 800 W
A half-wave thyristor converter supplies a purely inductive load as

shown in figure. If the triggering angle of the thyristor is 120c, the
extinction angle will be
(A) 240c
(B) 180c
(C) 200c
(D) 120c
A single phase half wave rectifier circuit is shown in the figure. The
8.4.49
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CHAP 8.4
545
thyristor is fired at 30c in each positive half cycle. The values of

average load voltage and the rms load voltage will respectively be
8.4.50
8.4.51
(A) 475.2 V, 190.9 V
(B) 237.64 V, 194.2 V
(C) 118.8 V, 197.1 V
(D) 237.6 V, 197.1 V
A dc battery of 50 V is charged through a 10 resistor as shown

in the figure. Assume that the thyristor is continuously fired. The
average value of charging current is
(A) 0.19 A
(B) 6.85 A
(C) 1.09 A
(D) 2.75 A
A bridge converter is fed from a source Vs = Vm sin t as shown in the

following figure. What will be the output voltage for a firing angle of
? Assume continuous conduction.
(A) 2Vm cos
(B) Vm ^1 + cos h
2
(C) Vm ^3 + cos h
2
(D) Vm cos
************
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546
CHAP 8.4
SOLUTIONS
8.4.1
DC output voltage
2 2 (230)
Vdc = 2Vm cos =
cos 30c = 179.3 V
Hence (C) is correct option.
8.4.2
When free wheeling diode is present, Th1 and Th2 will conduct from
to while Th 3 and Th 4 will conduct for + to 2.
2 (230)
Vdc = 1 #
2 (230) sin d =
(1 + cos )
2 (230)
=
(1 + cos 30c) = 193.185 V
Hence (A) is correct option.
8.4.3
8.4.4
8.4.5
When Th 3 gets open circuited, the circuit will work as a half wave
rectifier, the output dc voltage
Vdc = 1 #
2 (230) sin d
2
(230)
=
(1 + cos ) = 230 (1 + cos 30c) = 96.6 V
2
2
Average dc output current
Idc = 96.6 = 9.7 A
10
Vm = 380 2 = 310.3 V
3
Let the thyristor voltage drop is (Vt), then average dc voltage
Vdc = 3 3 Vm cos Vt = 3 3 # 380 2 cos 45c 1.2
2
2 3
= 180.2 V
Hence (B) is correct option.
Here
RMS load voltage

1
Vdc (rms) = Vm : + sin 2 D2

8
4
1
sin 2
4 +
2 G = 104.88 V
= 220 =
8
4
Average power across the load
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CHAP 8.4
547
V dc2 (rms) (104.88) 2

=
= 1.1 kW
10
R
Pac =
Here VLine = 580 V

Average output voltage
8.4.6
Vdc = 3 3 Vm cos = 3 2 VLine cos
648 = 3 # 2 # 580 cos
or
= 34.18c
8.4.7
Vs = 100 sin 314t, R = 10 , = 45c

RMS load voltage
1/2
Vdc (rms) = Vm : + sin 2 D
2
4
1/2
sin
4
2
=
G
+
= 67.42 V
Vdc (rms) = 100
2
4
The average power delivered to the load is
V dc2 (rms)
(67.42) 2
Pac =
=
= 454.5 W
10
R
Hence (D) is correct option.
8.4.8
The average value of dc voltage i.e. load voltage can be varied by

controlling the phase angle() of firing pulses.
8.4.9
The average output dc voltage

+
Vdc = 1 # Vm sin td (t) = Vm ( cos t) +
V
= m [cos cos ( + )] = 2Vm cos
Given = 30c, the average dc output voltage

Vdc = 2Vm cos = 2Vm cos (30c) = 0.155132Vm
8.4.10
For a 1- full converter the displacement factor is

DF = cos = cos 30c = 3
2
8.4.11
For a single phase fully controlled bridge rectifier, the average output

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548
CHAP 8.4
voltage is given by
V0 = Vm ^1 + cos h
Output voltage is minimum for = 180c and maximum for = 0c.

8.4.12
For half-controlled bridge rectifier, average output voltage

V0 = Vm 61 + cos @
For = 0c,
V0 = 120 2 61 + cos 0c@ = 120 # 2 2
For = 180c,
V0 120 2 61 + cos 180c@ = 0
8.4.13
R + jXL = 50 + 50j
tan = L = 50 = 1 or = 45c
50
R
so, firing angle must be higher the 45c, Thus for 0 < < 45c, V0
is uncontrollable.
8.4.14
Average output current

I 0 = Vm ^1 + cos h 230 2 ^1 + cos 60ch
# 15.53
R
Average current through diode
/3
IFW = 1 # Io d (t) = 1 # 10 = 3.33 A
3
0
8.4.15
1/2
2
Input harmonic factor = : 1D = 0.482
8
Given fully-controlled thyristor converter, when firing angle = 0 ,

dc output voltage Vdc = 300 V
If = 60c, then Vdc = ?
For fully-controlled converter
2 2 Vdc
Vdc =
cos
Since = 0 , Vdc = 300 V

2 2 Vdc
300 =
cos 0c
Vdc = 300
2 2
8.4.16
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CHAP 8.4
549
Vdc = 2 2 # 300 cos 60c = 300 # 1 = 150 V
2
2 2
At = 60c,
8.4.17
Output of this
Here the inductor makes T1 and T3 in ON because current passing

through T1 and T3 is more than the holding current.
8.4.18
8.4.19
Given = 30c, in a 1- fully bridge converter

we know that,
Power factor = Distortion factor # cos
D.f. (Distortion factor) = Is(fundamental) /Is = 0.9
power factor = 0.9 # cos 30c = 0.78
8.4.20
Single phase diode rectifier with capacitive filter has maximum THD.
8.4.21
For six pulse thyristor rectifier bridge the lowest frequency component
in AC source line current is of 250 Hz.
8.4.22
Here for continuous conduction mode, by Kirchoffs voltage law,

average load current

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550
CHAP 8.4
V 2Ia + 150 = 0
Ia = V + 150
2
` I1 = 10 A, So
V = 130 V
2Vm cos = 130
2 # 2 # 230 cos = 130c
= 129c
8.4.23
2
10 = 8.16 A
3#
Fundamental current Ia1 = 0.78 # 10 = 7.8 A
1 1
THD =
DF2
where
DF = Ia1 = 0.78 # 10 = 0.955
0.816 # 10
Ia
2
`
THD = b 1 l 1 = 31%
0.955
8.4.24
= 25c
= 10c
V
so,
I 0 = m [cos cos ( + )]
Ls
20 = 230 2 [cos 25c cos (25c + 10c)]
`
2 # 50Ls
`
Ls = 0.0045 H
V0 = 2Vm cos LsI 0
3
= 2 # 230 2 cos 25c 2 # 3.14 # 50 # 4.5 # 10 # 20
3.14
3.14
= 187.73 9 = 178.74c
Displacement factor = V0 I 0 = 178.25 # 20 = 0.78
230 # 20
Vs Is
8.4.25
Single phase full wave half controlled bridge converter feeds an

Inductive load. The two SCRs in the converter are connected to
a common dc bus. The converter has to have free wheeling diode
because the converter does not provide for free wheeling for high
values of triggering angles.
Total rms current Ia =
Firing angle
Overlap angle

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CHAP 8.4
8.4.26
551
Assuming continuous conduction. We have

so
V0 = I 0 R + E = 100 # 0.01 + 20 = 21
For a single-phase half-wave converter, average output voltage is
V (1 + cos )
V0 = 21 = m
2
(1 + cos ) = 21 # 2 & = 122.25c
2 # 200
From the output waveform given below, we observed that the thyristor
is gated in positive half cycle.

8.4.27
In the inverting mode a line commutated converted operates for

phase angles 90c to 180c. When the dc voltage is negative power flow
is from dc to ac and the converter functions as inverter. As dc power
is fed back, it is real power.
8.4.28
For a 3-phase fully-controlled converter, output dc voltage is given as

3 3 Vmph
Vdc =
cos ( + ) + 30Ls Id
Where is the overlap angle. So when the overlap angle is increased,

the cosine term in the above expression decreases and the output dc
voltage also decreases.
8.4.29
The circulating current helps in maintaining continuous conduction

of both the converters irrespective of load and the time response to
change the operation from one quadrant to other is faster.
8.4.30
In a three-phase inverter, the supply current consists of one pulse

per half-cycle and the lowest order harmonic is third. It is difficult
to eliminate the lowest order harmonic current. The lowest order

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552
CHAP 8.4
harmonics can be reduced if the supply current has more than one
pulse per half-cycle. In PWM lowest order harmonic can be eliminated
and higher order harmonics can be increased.
8.4.31
Vdc = Vm (1 + cos )
2 (240)
=
(1 + cos 60c)
= 162.03 V
Load current
I = Vdc = 162.03 = 16.203 A
10
RL
RMS input current
0.5
0.5
Is = I a1 k = 16.203 b1 60c l = 13.23 A
8.4.32
Load Current
0.5
IL = b 400 l = 2 A
100
In a three-phase fully controlled bridge converter input rms current
Is or the current in each supply phase exists for 120c in every 180c.
Therefore rms value of input current
0.5
Is = b 2 # 120 l = 1.15 A
180
Input apparent power = 3 # 400 # 1.15 = 796.72 VA
796.72 cos = 400
Power factor
cos = 0.5 lagging
8.4.33
Average output voltage

Vdc = Vm (1 + cos )
2
The maximum output voltage is obtained when = 0
Vdc = Vm
Given
Vdc = 25% bVm l = 0.25Vm
V
V
So
0.25 m = m (1 + cos )
2
The Firing angle is

= 60c
max

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CHAP 8.4
8.4.34
553
Supply rms current

/6 1/2
1/2
Irms = Idc a1 k = Idc c1
= 0.91Idc
m
Now, the rms value of the supply fundamental component of input

current.
Irms1 = 2 2 Idc cos /2 = 2 2 Idc cos 15 = 0.869Idc
Harmonic factor (HF) on input current

1/2
1/2
2
2
HF = ;b Irms l 1E = ;b 0.91 l 1E = 30.80 %
0.869
Irms 1
Input power factor = Irms 1 cos /2 = 0.922 (lagging)
Irms
8.4.35
The rms load voltage,

1/2
Vrms = Vm : + sin 2 D
2
4
1/2
sin 2
6 +
6 H = 226.713 V
= 2 # 230 >
2
4
Input power factor = Vrms = 226.713
230
Vs
cos = 0.985 lag
8.4.36
8.4.37
Average load voltage is given by

V0 (av) = Vm (1 + cos ) = Vm a1 + cos k = 0.159Vm
2
2
2
Average load current
V
I 0 (av) = 0 (av) = 0.159Vm
R
R
RMS load voltage
1
sin
2
2
V0(rms) = Vm :
+
8 D
4
sin a2 # k 2
/
2
2 H
= Vm >
+
= 0.353Vm
8
4
1
RMS load current
V0(rms) 0.353Vm
=
R
R
To obtain rectification efficiency
I 0(rms) =

ISBN: 9788192276212/29
554
CHAP 8.4
V I
= Pdc = 0(av) 0(av)
Pac V0 (rms) I 0 (rms)
0.159Vm # 0.159Vm
R
=
= 0.2028 or 20.28%
0
.
353
Vm
0.353Vm #
R
8.4.38
Let the average load current is Idc

Fundamental RMS current
1/2
Irms = Idc a1 k
The fundamental component of RMS current

Irms1 = 2 2 Idc cos
2
The harmonic factor (HF) is given as,

2
I rms
HF =
1
2
I rms
1
Putting values in above equation,
2
I dc
a k
1 =
HF =
2
8I dc
2
cos
2
2
( )
1
8 cos2
2
( /2)
1 = 1.23 1 = 0.4834
8 cos2
4
For = /2 ,
8.4.39
HF =
This is a fully controlled bridge. The average value of output voltage.

V0(av) = Vm (1 + cos ) = 230 2 (1 + cos 30c) = 184.8 V
This voltage is applied to the load. The equivalent circuit is shown

in the figure
Applying KVL to above circuit,

V0(av) = I 0(av) R + 50
184.8 = I 0(av) # 100 + 50
`
I 0(av) = 1.348 A
ISBN: 9788192276212/29
CHAP 8.4
8.4.40
555
The average output voltage for continuous ripple free output current
is,
V0 (av) = 3 3 Vm cos
2
Here Vm is peak value of supply phase voltage. We have
Vline (rms) = 440 V
`
`
Vph (rms) = Vline = 440 = 254 V

3
3
Vm = 2 Vph (rms) = 2 # 254 = 359.26 V
V0 (av) = 3 3 # 359.26 cos 30c = 257.3 V

2
Average output current I 0 (av)
V
I 0 (av) = 0 (av) = 257.3 = 12.86 A
20
R
8.4.41
Let the supply is VS = Vm sin t and battery emf is E . For the circuit
voltage equation is
Vm sin t = E + I 0 R
I 0 = Vm sin t E
R
Since the SCR is turn on when Vm sin 1 = E and is turned off when
Vm sin 2 = E , where 2 = 1 .
`
1 = sin1 b E l = sin1 b 6 l = 11.53c
30
Vm
The battery charging requires only the average current I 0 given by:
1
I0 =
# (Vm sin t E) d (t)H
2R >
or,
1 [2V cos E ( 2 )]
m
1
1
2R
4 Amp = 1 ;2 # 2 # 30 cos 11.53 6 b 2 # 11.53 lE
180
2R
4 Amp = 1 [83.13 19.172] = 1 [63.95]
2R
2R
=

ISBN: 9788192276212/29
556
CHAP 8.4
1 [63.95] = 2.544
2 # 4
or
R =
8.4.42
Vs = 230 = 57.5
4
Here charging current = I
Vm sin = 12
1 = 8.486 = 0.148 radian
Vm = 81.317 V
= 12 V
There is no power consumption in battery due to ac current, so
average value of charging current.
1
Iav(charging) =
[2Vm cos 1 ( 21)]
2 # 19.04
1
[2 V
cos 1 12 ( 21)]
=
2 # 19.04 # m #
= 1.059 /A
8.4.43
Given that
400 V, 50 Hz AC source, = 60c, IL = 10 A
so,
Input displacement factor = cos = 0.5
and,
input power factor = D.F. # cos
4 # 10 sin 60c
Is(fundamental)
distortion factor =
= # 2
Is
10 # 2/3
= 0.955
so,
input power factor = 0.955 # 0.5 = 0.478
8.4.44
Let we have
R solar = 0.5 , I 0 = 20 A
so
Vs = 350 20 # 0.5 = 340 V
340 = 3 # 440 # 2 cos
cos = 55c
So each thyristor will reverse biased for 180c 55c = 125c.
8.4.45
In this circuitry if SCR gets open circuited, than circuit behaves like
a half wave rectifier.

ISBN: 9788192276212/29
CHAP 8.4
So
I avg = Average value of current
= 1 #
(Vm sin t E) d
2R
I 0(avg) = 1 62Vm cos E ( 21)@
a
2 R
1 [2 (230
=
# 2 ) cos 200 ( 21)]
2 # 2 #
1 = sin 1 b E l
Vm
200
= sin 1 c
= 38c = 0.66 Rad
230 # 2 m
1 [2 2
`
I 0 (avg) =
# 230 cos 38c 200 ( 2 # 0.66)]
2 # 2
= 11.9 A
1
8.4.46
Vrms = 230 V
Vm = 230 # 2 V
1 90c
Vpeak = Vm sin = 230
230 2 sin = 230
sin = 1
2
angle = 135c
We know that
so,
If whether
Then
V = 200 sin t
f = 50 Hz
Power dispatched in the load resistor R = ?
First we have to calculate output of rectifier.
8.4.47
Given that,
ISBN: 9788192276212/29
557
558
CHAP 8.4
1/2
= 200 ; # b 1 cos 2t l dtE

2
0
1/2
1/2
= 200 ;1 b t sin 2t l E = 200 :1 # D = 200
2
2
2
2
0
Power dissipated to resistor
2
2
^V0h2rms e 200
o = 400 W
PR =
=
50
R
1/2
(V0) rms = : 1 # (200 sin t) 2 dtD

0
8.4.48
Given a half wave Thyristor converter supplies a purely inductive

load where triggering angle is = 120c
First we have to draw its output characteristics as shown below
Output is given by
i 0 = Vm sin (t ) Vm sin ( ) exp b R l
Z
L
Z
We know at extinction angle i.e. t = , i 0 = 0
from equation (1), at (t = )
0 = Vm sin ( ) Vm sin ( ) ec
Z
Z
or sin ( ) = sin ( )
or
=
ISBN: 9788192276212/29
...(1)
CHAP 8.4
559
or
= = 120c
8.4.49
Peak value of secondary voltage

Vm = 800 = 400 V
2
and
= 30c
Average dc voltage is given by
Vdc = Vm (1 + cos ) = 400 (1 + cos 30c) = 118.8 V
2
2
RMS voltage
1/2
Vrms = Vm b + sin 2 l
8
4
1/2
= 400 b 30c + sin 60c l = 197.1 V
8
4
8.4.50
SCR will conduct when the instantaneous value of ac voltage is more

than 50 V or
100 sin t = 50
or
t = and 5
6
6
i = 100 sin t 50 = 10 sin t 5
10
5/6
Average current = 1 # (10 sin t 5) d (t)

2 /6
= 1 10 cos t 5t 5//66
2
= 1 b 10 cos 5 + 10 cos 5 # 5 + 5 # l
2
6
6
6
6
= 1.09 A
8.4.51
In positive half cycle Th1 and D2 conduct from to . During

negative half cycle D 3 and D 4 are forward biased and conduct from
to 2. From t = 0 to t = , Th1 is off but D2 is forward biased. D 4
continues to conduct during this interval because it was conducting
prior to t = 0 i.e. during previous negative half cycle. Therefore
from 0 to , D2 and D 4 conduct, the load is short circuited and load
voltage is zero.
The input output voltage waveforms are shown as below

ISBN: 9788192276212/29
560
CHAP 8.4
Output voltage
V0 = 1 > # Vm sin td (t) + # Vm sin td (tH

2
= Vm (3 + cos )
2
************

ISBN: 9788192276212/29

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CHAPTER 8.

Statement for Common Data Questions Q. 1 - 3

The dc output voltage will be

If a freewheeling diode is connected across the load, then what is the

A three-phase, half-wave controlled converter is fed from a 380 V

When the thyristor Th 3 gets open circuited, the value of dc output

In the circuit shown below, the thyristor is fired at an angle /4 in

PHASE CONTROLLED CONVERTERS

every positive half-cycle of the input ac voltage. The average power

A line commutated ac to dc converter is shown in the figure. It

A single-phase half controlled bridge rectifier is operated from a

In a fully-controlled converter the load voltage is controlled by which

Published by: NODIA and COMPANY

PHASE CONTROLLED CONVERTERS

When the firing angle of a single phase fully controlled rectifier

In a single phase full wave controlled bridge rectifier, minimum

180c, 180c respectively

A half-controlled bridge converter is operating from an r.m.s input

(C) 120 2 V and 0

In the single phase voltage controller circuit shown in the figure,

Sample Chapter GATE MCQ FOR Electrical Engineering Vol-1, 2

PHASE CONTROLLED CONVERTERS

(A) 0c < < 45c

(B) 45c < < 135c

(C) 90c < < 180c

(D) 135c < < 180c

A single-phase full-bridge converter with a free-wheeling diode feeds

A single phase fully controlled bridge converter feeds an inductive

The fully controlled thyristor converter in the figure is fed from a

A single-phase half controlled converter shown in the figure feeding

Sample Chapter GATE MCQ FOR Electrical Engineering Vol-1, 2

PHASE CONTROLLED CONVERTERS

A three pulse converter is feeding a purely resistive load. What is the

Sample Chapter GATE MCQ FOR Electrical Engineering Vol-1, 2

PHASE CONTROLLED CONVERTERS

A single phase fully controlled bridge converter supplies a load

The total harmonic distortion (THD) of ac supply input current of

A six pulse thyristor rectifier bridge is connected to a balanced 50 Hz

A single phase fully controlled converter bridge is used for electrical

Assume that the load inductance is sufficient to ensure continuous

A three phase fully controlled bridge converter is feeding a load

Published by: NODIA and COMPANY

PHASE CONTROLLED CONVERTERS

angle of 30c. The approximate Total harmonic Distortion (%THD)

A single-phase fully controlled thyristor bridge ac-dc converter is

(D) 66% and 7.8 A

A single phase full-wave half-controlled bridge converter feeds an

In the circuit shown in Figure, L is large and the average value of I 0

PHASE CONTROLLED CONVERTERS

When a line commutated converter operates in the inverter mode

In a 3-phase controlled bridge rectifier, with an increase of overlap

(D) depends upon load inductance

In a dual converter, the circulating current

A PWM switching scheme is used with a three phase inverter to

A half controlled bridge converter feeds a resistive load of 10 with

A three phase fully controlled bridge converter is fed from a 400 V

Published by: NODIA and COMPANY

PHASE CONTROLLED CONVERTERS

For a single phase half-controlled bridge converter having highly

The rectification efficiency of a single phase half-wave controlled

In the continuous conduction mode the output voltage waveform

(D) 96.6%, 0.477

A full-wave controlled bridge rectifier is fed by an ac source of 230 V