Gate Academy Workbook - Network

Edition 2020-21
Network Theory
PEN-Drive / G-Drive Course & LIVE Classroom Program
Workbook
Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

Electrical Engineering
Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Instrumentation Engineering
GATE / ESE / PSUs

Network Theory
PEN-Drive / G-Drive Course & LIVE Classroom Program
Work Book
ETC / EE / EEE / IN
Copyright © All Rights Reserved

GATE ACADEMY ®
No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise or stored in a database or retrieval system without
the prior written permission of the publishers. The program listings (if any) may be entered, stored
and executed in a computer system, but they may not be reproduced for publication.
Printing of books passes through many stages - writing, composing, proof reading, printing etc. We
try our level best to make the book error- free. If any mistake has inadvertently crept in, we regret it
and would be deeply indebted to those who point it out. We do not take any legal responsibility.
Edition : 2020-21
GATE ACADEMY ®
A/114-115, Smriti Nagar, Bhilai - 490 020 (C.G.)
Phone : 0788 - 4034176, 0788 - 3224176
Help Desk No. - +91-97131-13156
For Feedback & Suggestions...
info@gateacademy.co.in
GATE Syllabus
Network Theory (EC) : Network solution methods: nodal and mesh analysis; Network
theorems: superposition, Thevenin’s and Norton’s, maximum power transfer; Wye‐Delta
transformation; Steady state sinusoidal analysis using phasors; Time domain analysis of
simple linear circuits; Solution of network equations using Laplace transform; Frequency
domain analysis of RLC circuits; Linear 2‐port network parameters: driving point and
transfer functions; State equations for networks.
Electric Circuits (EE) : Network graph, KCL, KVL, Node and Mesh analysis, Transient
response of dc and ac networks, Sinusoidal steady‐state analysis, Resonance, Passive filters,
Ideal current and voltage sources, Thevenin’s theorem, Norton’s theorem, Superposition
theorem, Maximum power transfer theorem, Two ‐port networks, Three phase circuits,
Power and power factor in ac circuits.
Electrical Circuits (IN) : Voltage and current sources: independent, dependent, ideal and
practical; v-i relationships of resistor, inductor, mutual inductor and capacitor; transient
analysis of RLC circuits with dc excitation. Kirchoff’s laws, mesh and nodal analysis,
superposition, Thevenin, Norton, maximum power transfer and reciprocity theorems. Peak-
average and rms values of ac quantities; apparent- active and reactive powers; phasor
analysis, impedance and admittance; series and parallel resonance, locus diagrams,
realization of basic filters with R, L and C elements. One-port and two-port networks, driving
point impedance and admittance, open and short circuit parameters.
ESE Syllabus
Network Theory (EC) : Network graphs & matrices; Wye - Delta transformation; Linear
constant coefficient differential equations- time domain analysis of RLC circuits; Solution
of network equations using Laplace transforms- frequency domain analysis of RLC circuits;
2-port network parameters driving point & transfer functions; State equations for networks;
Steady state sinusoidal analysis.
Electrical Circuits (EE) : Circuit elements, network graph, KCL, KVL, Node and Mesh
analysis, ideal current and voltage sources, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, Superposition and
Maximum Power Transfer theorems, transient response of DC and AC networks, Sinusoidal
steady state analysis, basic filter concepts, two port networks, three phase circuits,
Magnetically coupled circuits.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1
Basic Concept of Networks ………….…..…………………. 1
Chapter 2
Two-port Networks……………………..……………………. 21
Chapter 3
Network Theorems ……………..……………………………. 31
Chapter 4
Transient Analysis ……………………….…….……………. 40
Chapter 5
Sinusoidal Steady State Response ………………..…………. 57
Chapter 6
Phasor & Locus Diagram …….……..…………..…………. 61
Chapter 7
Resonance …………….…………….…....…………………. 67
Chapter 8
Complex Power …………….………………………………. 72
Chapter 9
Magnetic Coupling ……………..….…....…………………. 78
Chapter 10
Graph Theory (EE/IN) …………….…....…………………. 91
Chapter 11
GATE 2019 Questions (EC/EE/IN) ……………..………. 100
Video Lecture Information
Sr. Lecture Name Duration
0 How to use PD-GD Course for Network Theory ? 00:21:58
Chapter – 1 : Basic Concept of Networks
1 Types of Network Element 00:51:05
2 Analysis of Passive Elements (Resistor) 00:25:39
3 Absorbed and Delivered Power 00:24:01
4 Analysis of Passive Elements (Inductor) 00:16:56
5 Analysis of Passive Elements (Capacitor) 00:15:54
6 Series and Parallel Equivalent 00:27:41
7 Kirchoff’s Law (KVL and KCL) 00:19:38
8 Example based on KVL & KCL 00:32:44
9 Voltage Divider and Current Divider Rule 00:30:33
10 Star to Delta and Delta to Star Conversion 00:27:52
11 Lattice Network 00:14:18
12 Representation of Voltage and Current Source 00:26:03
13 Questions based on Voltage and Current Source Representation 00:12:23
14 Important Equivalent Circuit 00:19:02
15 Source Transformation 00:28:07
16 Important Practice Question (Part -1) 00:12:32
27 Important Practice Question (Part -12, part a and part b) 00:07:36
30 Voltmeter and Ammeter 00:16:11
31 Question based on Voltmeter and Ammeter 00:12:58
32 Concept of Supernode with Example 00:18:31
33 Question based on Supernode 00:08:57
34 Concept of Supermesh with Example 00:09:06
35 Question based on Supernode and Supermesh 00:13:51
36 Important Question based on Capacitor (Part-1) 00:06:46
40 Average and RMS Value of Periodic Waveform (Part-1) 00:32:14
41 Average and RMS Value of Periodic Waveform (Part-2) 00:11:01
42 Concept of Equipotential With Example 00:29:54
43 Important Example based on Equipotential (Part-1) 00:06:54
44 Important Example based on Equipotential (Part-2) 00:25:30
45 Important Question based on Equipotential 00:16:37
46 Equivalent Impedance of Cube 00:08:52
47 Equivalent Resistance across diagonal of Cube 00:16:10
48 Equivalent Resistance across edge of Cube 00:13:57
49 Equivalent Resistance across diagonal of face of Cube 00:15:22
Chapter – 2 : Two-port Networks
1 Introduction of Two Port Network 00:09:13
2 Introduction of Z-Parameter 00:33:39
3 Example based on Z-Parameter 00:18:05
4 Z-Parameter of Symmetric Lattice Network 00:14:54
5 Introduction of Y Parameter 00:22:28
6 Example based on Y Parameter 00:25:50
7 Reciprocal and Symmetrical Network 00:26:37
8 Question based on Z and Y Parameter (Dependent Source) 00:14:10
9 Question based on Z and Y Parameter (Dependent Source) (Part-2) 00:19:24
10 Introduction of h-Parameter 00:16:48
11 Example based on h Parameter 00:24:43
12 Question based on h-Parameter 00:07:43
13 Introduction of g-Parameter 00:07:47
14 Introduction of Transmission and Inverse Transmission Parameter 00:09:40
15 Example based on ABCD Parameter 00:12:08
16 Question based on ABCD Parameter 00:11:30
17 Important Question (Part-1) 00:08:41
21 Transformer as a Two Port Network 00:20:05
22 Gyrator as a Two Port Network 00:11:44
23 Interconnection of Two Port Network (Part-1) 00:18:20
26 Question based on Cascade Connection (Part-1) 00:14:04
29 Question based on Parallel Connection 00:17:37
30 Important Question 00:17:26
31 Good Concept Through Question 00:19:25
32 Characteristic Impedance of Network 00:08:52
Bartlett’s Bisection Theorem PDF
Chapter – 3 : Network Theorems
1 Introduction of Thevenin's Theorem 00:13:44
2 Example based on Thevenin's Theorem (Part-1) 00:23:04
3 Example based on Thevenin's Theorem (Part-2) 00:10:40
4 Question based on Thevenin's Theorem (Part-1) 00:15:09
10 Introduction of Norton's Theorem 00:11:36
11 Question based on Norton's Theorem (Part-1) 00:08:02
12 Question based on Norton's Theorem (Part-2) 00:10:34
13 Question based on Thevenin and Norton (Part-1) 00:05:12
16 Important Question (miscellaneous) 00:15:52
17 Introduction of Maximum Power Transfer Theorem 00:17:16
18 Question based on M.P.T (Part-1) 00:11:21
19 Question based on MPT (Part-2) 00:17:22
20 MPT in Complex Network 00:25:06
21 Question based on MPT (Complex Network) (Part-1) 00:10:45
22 Question based on MPT (Complex Network) (Part-2) 00:11:23
23 Important Question based on MPT (Part-1) 00:16:15
24 Important Question based on MPT (Part-2) 00:13:47
25 Introduction of Superposition Theorem 00:25:33
26 Question based on Superposition Theorem (Part-1) 00:10:30
27 Question based on Superposition Theorem (Part-2) 00:11:52
28 Concept and Example of Reciprocity Theorem 00:12:00
29 Question based on Reciprocity Theorem (Part-1) 00:07:34
34 Introduction of Millman's and Dual of Millman's Theorem 00:12:36
35 Seven Methods for One Question 00:35:06
Chapter – 4 : Transient Analysis
1 Introduction of Transient 00:52:42
2 Concept of 0⁻| 0 | 0⁺ in Transient Analysis 00:16:27
3 Analysis of First order Differential Equation 00:23:37
4 Transform Domain of Inductor and Capacitor 00:14:11
5 Question based on RL Network (1) 00:53:20
7 Concept of Time Constant in RL Circuit 00:31:04
16 Impulse and Step Response of Series RL Network 00:25:05
17 Pulse Response of Series RL Network 00:20:35
18 Important Question of Series RL Network (11) 00:44:30
19 Important Question of RL Network (12) 00:10:35
20 Important Question of RL Network (13) 00:14:25
21 Transient and Steady State Behavior of Capacitor 00:37:57
22 Question based on RC Network (1) 00:12:15
29 Important Question on RC Network (8) 00:25:20
30 Important Question on RC Network (9) 00:16:00
31 Most Important Concept of RC Network 00:55:24
32 Question based on RLC Network (1) 00:08:14
37 Challenging Question of Transient 00:19:51
Chapter – 5 : Sinusoidal Steady State Response
1 Introduction of Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis 00:29:33
2 Question based on Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis (Q1-Q2) 00:10:17
5 Concept of Transient Free Response 00:22:39
6 Question based on Transient Free Response (Q7-Q8) 00:06:15
7 Question based on Transient Free Response (Q9) 00:15:08
Chapter – 6 : Phasor and Locus Diagram
1 Introduction of Phasor Diagram 00:14:11
2 Series RL Network 00:29:58
3 Series RC Network 00:11:56
4 Series RLC Network 00:16:35
5 Parallel RL Network 00:14:10
6 Parallel RC Network 00:09:04
7 Parallel RLC Network 00:14:51
8 Question based on Phasor Diagram (Q1-Q2) 00:12:45
13 Introduction of Locus Diagram 00:15:27
14 Locus Diagram of Series RL Network 00:16:55
15 Locus Diagram of Series RC Network 00:16:19
16 Question based on Locus Diagram (Q12-Q13) 00:20:21
17 Question based on Locus Diagram (Q14) 00:16:16
18 Question based on Locus Diagram (Q15) 00:11:07
Chapter – 7 : Resonance
1 Series RLC Resonance Circuit 00:48:23
2 Parallel RLC Resonance Circuit 00:28:35
3 Quality Factor 00:32:35
4 Question based on Resonance (Q1-Q2) 00:11:09
11 Important Question based on Resonance (Part-1) 00:13:19
13 Important Question based on Resonance (Part-2) 00:26:01
14 Question Based on Resonance (Q17-Q18) 00:14:05
15 Maximum Voltage Across R, L & C (Series RLC Circuit) 00:21:15
Chapter – 8 : Complex Power
1 Introduction of Complex Power 00:32:00
2 Example based on Complex Power 00:13:37
3 Question based on Complex Power (Q1) 00:13:21
5 Question based on Complex Power (Q3-Q4) 00:07:41
9 Question based on Complex Power (Q9 and Q10) 00:18:12
Chapter – 9 : Magnetic Coupling
1 Introduction of Magnetic Coupling 00:31:21
2 Concept Of Dot Notation 00:18:04
3 Example Based On Notation 00:16:07
4 Series Equivalent Circuit 00:08:58
5 Parallel Equivalent Circuit 00:13:50
6 Question based on Magnetic Coupling (1) 00:04:27
11 Concept of Reflected input impedance of Transformer 00:09:53
Chapter – 10 : Graph Theory (EE/IN)
1 Introduction of Graph Theory 00:35:23
2 Tree and Complementary Tree 00:28:24
3 Incidence and Reduced Incidence Matrix 00:55:30
4 Tie-Set and Cut Set Matrix 00:31:34
5 Question based on Graph Theory 00:51:00
1 Basic
Concept of Networks
Objective & Numerical Ans Type Questions : R VA 2W VB R
Q.1 The three circuit elements shown in the R R

R R R
figure are part of an electric circuit. The 1W 10 V
total power absorbed by the three circuit R

elements in watts is ________. 5V
VC
2A
VD
[GATE EE 2014 (Set-02), IIT Kharagpur]
(A) – 5 V (B) 2 V
10 A 8A
(C) 3 V (D) 6 V
100 V 80 V Q.4 In the circuit shown in the given figure, the
15 V current I in the 2 ohm resistor is
3W
4W 2W
Q.2 In the circuit shown in the given figure,
I
current I is 10 V 6W
8W
1W 2W
I
(A) Zero (B) –2 A
(C) 2 A (D) 1 A
3W 4W
Q.5 In the interconnection of ideal sources
shown in the below figure, it is known that
10 V the 60 V source is absorbing power. Which
of the following can be the value of the
(A)  2 A (B) 24 A current source I?
5 5
[GATE EC 2009, IIT Roorkee]
(C) 18 A (D) 2 A 20 V
5 5
Q.3 If VA  VB  6 V , then VC  VD is
I 60 V
[GATE EC/EE/IN 2012, IIT Delhi]
12 A
Network Theory [Work Book] 2 GATE ACADEMY®
(A) 10 A (B) 13 A Q.10 The two electrical sub networks N1 and N 2
(C) 15 A (D) 18 A are connected through three resistors as
Q.6 In the circuit shown, the power supplied by shown in figure. The voltage across 5 ohm
the voltage source is resistor and 1 ohm resistor are given to be
[GATE EC 2010, IIT Guwahati] 10 V and 5 V, respectively, then voltage
1W across 15 ohm resistor is
[GATE EC 1993, IIT Bombay]
1W 1A 1W 15 W
10 V
1W 5W
2A N1 N2
1W +10 V–
1W
(A) 0 W (B) 5 W
+5 V–
(C) 10 W (D) 100 W
(A) – 105 V (B) + 105 V
Q.7 In the circuit shown, the voltage Vx (in
(C) – 15 V (D) + 15 V
Volts) is ______. Q.11 The voltages developed across the 3 Ω and
[GATE EC 2015 (Set-03), IIT Kanpur] 2 Ω resistors shown in the figure are 6 V and
0.5Vx 2 V respectively, with the polarity as
marked. What is the power (in Watt)
delivered by the 5 V voltage source?
10 W
[GATE EE 2015 (Set-01), IIT Kanpur]
5A Vx 20 W 8W 0.25Vx 6V
- +
3W
Q.8 The magnitude of current (in mA) through 2W

Network N1 Network N 2
the resistor R2 in the figure shown is______. + 2V -
[GATE EC 2014 (Set-04), IIT Kharagpur]

- +
1 kW
5V
R2
(A) 5 (B) 7
10 mA 2 kW R1 R 3 4 kW 2 mA
(C) 10 (D) 14
R4
Q.12 In the given circuit, the parameter k is
3 kW positive, and the power dissipated in the 2 Ω
Q.9 The bridge circuit in given figure is resistor is 12.5 W. The value of k is
balanced. The magnitude of current I is ________.
[GATE IN 1999, IIT Bombay] [GATE EE 2015 (Set-01), IIT Kanpur]
2W 5W
I 2V + V -
1 kW 0
10 W
Vs V0 + 4V 5A
-
kV0
4 kW 2 kW
(A) 2 mA (B) 4 mA Q.13 A fully charged mobile phone with a 12 V

(C) 5 mA (D) 6 mA battery is good for a 10 minute talk-time.
GATE ACADEMY® 3 Basic Concept of Networks
Assume that, during the talk-time, the
battery delivers a constant current of 2 A
Current (A)
3 Source Y
and its voltage drops linearly from 12 V to 2
10 V as shown in the figure. How much 1 Source X
energy does the battery deliver during this 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
talk-time? [GATE EC 2009, IIT Roorkee] Voltage (V)
v(t)
Source Y
12 V
10 V
Source X 1W
t Q.18 The equivalent capacitance of the input loop

0 10 min
of the circuit shown is
(A) 200 J (B) 12 kJ
[GATE EE 2009, IIT Roorkee]
(C) 13.2 kJ (D) 14.4 kJ
i1 1 k 1 k
. Common Data for Questions 14 to 16 .
1 k 49i1
Given below figure shows the waveform of
Input 100 F
the current passing through an inductor of loop
resistance 1  and inductance 2 H. 100 F
i (t )
(A) 2 F (B) 100 F
6A
(C) 200 F (D) 4 F
Q.19 Three capacitors C1, C2 and C3 whose values
0 2 4
t (sec) are 10 F, 5 F and 2 F respectively,
Q.14 The energy absorbed by the inductor in the have breakdown voltages of 10 V, 5 V and
first four seconds is 2 V respectively. For the interconnection
(A) 96 J (B) 132 J shown below, the maximum safe voltage in
Volts that can be applied across the
(C) 36 J (D) 
combination, and the corresponding total
Q.15 The energy absorbed by the circuit up-to 
charge in C stored in the effective
is
capacitance across the terminals are
(A) 96 J (B) 132 J
respectively,
(C) 36 J (D) 
Q.16 The energy stored by the circuit up-to  is
C2 C3
(A) 96 J (B) 132 J
(C) 36 J (D) 
Q.17 The linear I-V characteristic of 2-terminal
non-ideal ac sources X and Y are shown in C1
the figure. If the sources are connected to a (A) 2.8 and 36 (B) 7 and 119
1  resistor as shown, the current through (C) 2.8 and 32 (D) 7 and 80
the resistor in amperes is ______ A. Q.20 Find the energy stored in each capacitor in
[GATE IN 2015, IIT Kanpur] below figure under dc conditions.
The magnitude of the current (in amperes,
accurate to two decimal places) through the
source is _______.
Q.24 A 35 V source is connected to a series
circuit of 600 ohm and R as shown. If a
voltmeter of internal resistance 1.2 kilo-
ohms is connected across 600 ohm resistor,
(A) 16 mJ, 32 mJ (B) 16 mJ, 128 mJ it reads 5 V. The value of R is
(C) 32 mJ, 64 mJ (D) 32 mJ, 128 mJ
Q.21 The power delivered by the current source, 600 W
in the figure, is __________.
35 V
[GATE EE 2014 (Set-03), IIT Kharagpur]
1V R
+–
1W 1W
(A) 1.2 k (B) 2.4 k
(C) 3.6 k (D) 7.2 k
1 V +– 2A 1W
Q.25 The condensers of 20 F and 40 F
capacitance are connected in series across a
Q.22 In the network shown in the figure, all 90 V supply. After charging, they are
resistors are identical with R  300  . The removed from the supply and are connected
resistance Rab (in  ) of the network is in parallel with positive terminals connected
__________. together and similarly the negative
[GATE EC 2015 (Set-01), IIT Kanpur] terminals. Then the voltage across them will
a be __________ V.
R R R R
R R Q.26 The current in amperes through the resistor
R R R
R = 300 W R in the circuit shown in the figure is
Rab
R R ___________A.
R R R R
b [GATE IN 2015, IIT Kanpur]
Q.23 Consider the network shown below with 1 Volt
R1  1 , R2  2  and R3  3  . The
network is connected to a constant voltage 1W 1W
1W=R
source of 11 V. 1W 1A
[GATE EC 2018, IIT Guwahati] I
. Common Data Question 27 & 28 .

R1 R1
R2 Consider the following figure
R3 5W
IS
+ 11V 10 V 2W 1W
R1 R1 –
VS 2A
R3
R2 Q.27 The current I S in Amps in the voltage

R1 R1 source, and voltage VS in Volts across the
current source respectively, are
(A) 13, 20 (B) 8, 10 Q.33 12 wires of equal resistance 10  are joined
(C) 8, 20 (D) 13, 20 together in the form of the pyramids with a
Q.28 The current in the 1  resistor in Amps is common base, as shown in the figure. If
current enters through A and leaves through
(A) 2 (B) 3.33
B, then the resistance between the points A
(C) 10 (D) 12
and B is _______ ohm.
Q.29 The switch S in the circuit shown in below
figure is ideal. If the switch is repeatedly
closed for 1 ms, and opened for 1 ms.
A B
Q.34 The number of 2 F, 400 V capacitors

The average value of i (t ) is ______ mA. needed to obtain a capacitance value of
Q.30 The equivalent impedance Z eq for the 1.5  F rated for 1600 V is
infinite ladder circuit shown in the figure is (A) 12 (B) 8
[GATE EE 2018, IIT Guwahati] (C) 6 (D) 4
j9 W j9 W
a Q.35 Consider the following circuit, what is the
value of current I in the 5  resistor in the
j5 W j5 W
Z eq below circuit?
- j1W - j1W 5W I
b
(A) j12  (B)  j12  2W 4W
(C) j13  (D) 13  1A 2W 5V
Q.31 The current i (in Ampere) in the 2 Ω resistor

of the given network is _______. (A) 0 A (B) 2 A
[GATE EE 2015 (Set-02), IIT Kanpur]
(C) 3 A (D) 4 A
1W
Q.36 In figure, the potential difference between
i
points P and Q is
1W 1W
5V +
– 2W [GATE EE 2003, IIT Madras]
2A
1W 2W R 4W
P Q
Q.32 The equivalent resistance between the
terminals A and B is ______.
10 V
[GATE EE 2017 (Set - 01), IIT Roorkee]
1W 2W 1W 8W 6W
A
6W (A) + 12 V (B) 10 V
(C) – 6 V (D) 8 V
3W 6W 1W
Q.37 In the circuit shown in the figure, the current
3W source I  1 A , voltage source V = 5 V,
B
0.8 W R1  R2  R3  1  , L1  L2  L3  1 H ,
C1  C2  1 F . The currents (in A) through i (t )
R3 and the voltage source V respectively 8A

will be [GATE EE 2006, IIT Kharagpur]
R1 R2
t
C1 L3 0.0 1s 2s
L1
C2 V Q.40 A circuit consisting of dependent and
L2 R3
I independent source is shown in the figure. If
the voltage at Node-1 is –1 V, then the
(A) 1, 4 (B) 5, 1 voltage at Node-2 is _______V.
(C) 5, 2 (D) 5, 4 [GATE IN 2017, IIT Roorkee]
Q.38 In the network shown in the given figure, 4VR1
1 I2 2
the value of Vx would be
I1 0.5 W I3
2 1
1A VR1 1W W 2I 2
3
2V x A

1 1
V  Q.41 For the circuit shown in the figure the
x  5V
6V  current ‘I’ is [ESE EC 1999]

2R I
4 V
4R
V 3R
8 8
(A)  V (B) V
9 9 2R
16 16 4R
(C) V (D)  V 4R 1A
9 9
Q.39 A current i(t ) shown in the figure below is
passed through a 1 F capacitor that had zero (A) Indeterminable due to inadequate data
initial charge. The voltage across the (B) zero
capacitor for t  2 s in volt is ________. (C) 4 A
[GATE IN 2016, IISc Bangalore] (D) 8 A
Q.42 Consider the resistive network shown in below figure,

4 3 3 4
2  2  22  2 A 2 22  2  2 
 23  22  2 2 2
2 
3
2  
B
The value of RAB (in ohms) is __________.
Practice (objective & Numerical Answer) Questions :
Q.1 What will be the power consumed by the Q.4 The energy absorbed by the circuit in the
voltage source, current source and resistance first four seconds is
respectively? (A) 96 J (B) 132 J
(C) 36 J (D) 
1V 1A 1W Q.5 The energy stored by the circuit in the first
four seconds is
(A) 96 J (B) 132 J
(A) 1 W,1 W, 2 W (B) 0 W,1 W,1 W (C) 36 J (D) 
(C) 1 W, 0 W,1 W (D) 0 W , 0 W , 0 W Q.6 The energy stored by the circuit up-to  is
Q.2 In the circuit shown below, the voltage and (A) 96 J (B) 132 J
current sources are ideal. The voltage (Vout) (C) 36 J (D) 
across the current source, in volts, is Q.7 The energy absorbed by the circuit up-to 
2W is
(A) 96 J (B) 132 J
10 V 5A Vout (C) 36 J (D) 
Q.8 The equivalent resistance in the infinite
ladder network shown in the figure, is Re .
(A) 0 (B) 5
2R R R R R
(C) 10 (D) 20
Q.3 The rms value of the periodic waveform
R R R R
given in figure is
i(t) Re
6A Re
The value of is_________.
R
t Q.9 For the given circuit, the current ‘I’ is
0 T/2 T
2
–6 A I
4A 2 20 V
(A) 2 6 A (B) 6 2 A
(C) 4 / 3 A (D) 1.5 A (A) 2 A (B) 5 A
. Common Data for Questions 4 to 7 . (C) 7 A (D) 9 A
Given below figure shows the waveform of Q.10 For the circuit shown in the figure the
the voltage across parallel RC network current I is given by
 R  1 , C  2 F 4W 2W
v (t ) I
6A 1W 3W 3V
6V

(A) 3 A (B) 2 A
t (sec)
0 2 4 (C) 1 A (D) zero
Q.11 For the circuit given in figure below the b
power delivered by the 2 volt source is given A
3W 6W
by
3W 9W
a c
2V 1W 1A 4.5W 3W
B
d
(A) 4 W (B) 2 W The value of the equivalent resistance at the
(C) – 2 W (D) – 4 W terminals AB is _____________ohm.
Q.16 The circuit shown in below figure, the value
Q.12 The current waveform i(t ) in a pure resistor
of Rx such that the same amount of power is
of 20  is shown in the figure.
supplied to the 10  resistance by the
i (Amp)
current and by the voltage source will be
9
________ ohm.
10 W
+
0
t (sec) 5A Rx 20 W 100 V
3 6 9 _
The power dissipated in the resistor is
(A) 135 W (B) 270 W Q.17 Consider the network shown in below
(C) 540 W (D) 14.58 W figure.
I
Q.13 In figure, the value of R is
RW 1W 1W 3A
14 W 1W
+
P Q 10 V _ 1W 2A
1W
10 A 5A
2W
100 V 40 V
4A
(A) 10  (B) 18 
The value of I is __________A.
(C) 24  (D) 12  Q.18 Consider the circuit shown in below figure.
Q.14 The current i (in Ampere) in the 2 Ω resistor 8W 2W
of the given network is _______. 2 Amp

+
1W _
30 V + 10 W 2W Vx Ix
_
i
1W 1W
5V +
– 2W The value of Vx is _____________ V.
Q.19 Consider the circuit shown in below figure.
1W
2Vx
+
Q.15 A resistive network is shown in figure 1W 1 W Vx 1W 1A
_
below.
The power delivered by the dependent Vs Rs Rm
(A)
source is ___________ W. Rs Rm  Rs R  R Rm
Q.20 Given below figure shows the waveform of
Vs R
the current passing through an inductor of (B)
R  Rs
resistance 1  and inductance 2 H.
i (t )
Vs Rm
(C)
6A R Rs  Rm
Vs R Rm
(D)
Rs R  Rs Rm  R Rm
t
0 2 4 6
Q.26 Consider the circuit shown in below figure,
The energy stored by the circuit in the first
six seconds is ________ J.
Q.21 The q-v relation of a capacitor is
v  1  q  q 2 . The amount of energy
required to charge this capacitor from
q(t0 )  0 to q(t )  1 C , is ___________ J.
The value of VAB (in volts) is _______.
0.2 Vx
10 W Q.27 The current I through the 10  resistance
+ –
shown in figure is __________ A.
+
+
0.2 A Vx 100 W 80 W – 6V 10 W
3A
I
–
The value of Vx will be ___________ V.

10 W
10 W
5I 10 W
W
W
10
10
Q.23 The current I x in the circuit given below in
milliampere is ___________.
100W 100W
Ix Q.28 The input resistance (in ohms) of the infinite
1V + 100W 10 mA
ladder network of figure is ________.
–
2W 1W 1W 1W
Q.24 The power supplied by the 25 V source in

10 W 10 W 10 W 10 W
the figure shown below is _____W.
I + 17 V -
R1
+
25 V 14 A R2 0.4 I Q.29 Which one of the following networks is the
- Y equivalent of the  circuit shown in
below figure?
Q.25 A resistor R is connected to a voltage source 1
Vs having an internal resistance Rs . A j5 W j5 W
voltmeter of resistance Rm is connected
across the terminals of the resistor R. The 2 3
- j5 W
voltmeter will read a voltage of
(A) 1 Q.31 In the network shown in the figure, the
effective resistance faced by the voltage
j5 W
source is
i /4
- j5 W j5 W i
2 3 10 V 4W
1
(B)
- j5 W
(A) 4  (B) 3 
(C) 2  (D) 1 
- j5 W j5 W
Q.32 In the circuit shown in the figure for
R  20  the current ‘I’ is 2 A. When R is
2 3
10  the current ‘I’ would be
(C) 1
4A R I
j5 W
N1 N2
20 W
- j5 W - j5 W
(A) 1 A (B) 2 A
2 3 (C) 2.5 A (D) 3 A
(D) 1
Q.33 The incandescent bulbs rated respectively as
- j5 W P1 and P2 for operation at a specified mains
voltage are connected in series across the
mains as shown in the figure. Then the total
j5 W - j5 W power supplied by the mains to the two
bulbs.
2 3
M +
Q.30 The equivalent resistance between the
A
terminal points X and Y of the circuit shown I V
is N
S –
Y
15 W
15 W 30 W P1 P2
(A) (B) P12  P22
P1  P2
30 W (C) ( P1  P2 ) (D) P1  P2
30 W 15 W
Q.34 In the above circuit, the current I 2 is 2 A
X
15 W when the value of R1 is 20  . What will be
(A) 150 ohms (B) 45 ohms the value of I 2 , when R1 is changed to
(C) 55 ohms (D) 30 ohms 10 
I1 R1 I2 Then
N1 N2
(A) the bulbs together consume 100 W
3A
10 W (B) the bulbs together consume 50 W
(C) the 60 W bulb glows brighter
(A) 1 A (B) 2 A (D) the 40 bulb glows brighter
(C) 3 A (D) 4 A Q.40 Consider the star network shown in figure.
Q.35 Two bulbs of 100 W/250 V and 150 W/250 The resistance between terminals A and B
V are connected in series across a supply of with terminal C open is 6  , between
250 V. The power consumed by the circuit terminals B and C with terminal A open is
is 11  , and between terminals C and A with
(A) 30 W (B) 60 W terminal B open is 9  . Then
(C) 100 W (D) 250 W A
Q.36 All the resistances in figure are 1  each. RA

The value of current ‘I’ is
RB RC
I B
+ C
1V
– (A) RA  4 , RB  2 , RC  5 
(B) RA  2 , RB  4 , RC  7 
1 2
(A) A (B) A (C) RA  3 , RB  3 , RC  4 
15 15
4 8 (D) RA  5 , RB  1 , RC  10 
(C) A (D) A
15 15 Q.41 Consider a delta connection of resistors and
Q.37 A 10 V battery with an internal resistance of its equivalent star connection is shown
1  is connected across a nonlinear load below. If all elements of the delta
whose V - I characteristic is given by connection are scaled by a factor k, k > 0,
the elements of the corresponding star
7I  V 2  2V . The current delivered by the
equivalent will be scaled by a factor of
battery is ___________A.
Q.38 In the given circuit, the voltage v(t ) is Ra RC RB
1W 1W Rb Rc RA
e at v(t ) 1 H ebt (A) k 2 (B) k

(C) 1/k (D) k
(A) e  eat bt
(B) e  eat bt
Q.42 A Y –network has resistance of 10  each
(C) aeat  bebt (D) ae at  bebt in two of its arms, while the third arm has a
resistance of 11  . In the equivalent  
Q.39 Two incandescent light bulbs of 40 W and
60 W rating are connected in series across network, the lowest value (in  ) among the
the mains. three resistance is ________.
Q.43 In the figure shown, the value of the current Q.48 Consider the circuit shown in below figure.
I (in Amperes) is ____________.
5W 5W
I
5V +
– 1A 10 W
The value of v0 is ___________ V.
Q.44 In the figure, the value of resistor R is Q.49 Consider the circuit shown in below figure.
 I
 25+  ohms, where I is the current in
 2
amperes. The current I is _________.
I The value of v1 is ____________ mV.
300 V R 12W _ 8V _
+
+
ix
Q.45 An inductive network is shown in figure
+
+
_ 12V
below. +
_ 3ix
L 2V
_
L L The value of ix is ____________ A.

L L L
. Common Data for Questions 51 & 52 .
Consider the circuit shown in below figure.
L L
10 W R 40 W
A B Req. 100 W 30W 20 W
The equivalent inductance with respect to A
and B is __________ L.
Q.46 A capacitive network is shown in figure Q.51 If R  80  . The value of Req is
below. ___________  .
3F 6F
A B Q.52 If R = Req . The value of Req is ________  .
3F 5F 6F
The equivalent capacitance with respect to A

and B is ______________ F.
Q.47 A resistive network is shown in figure
below. The value of k such that power dissipated by
4  resistor is 5184 W, will be _______.
6W 3A
I 2W 50 V
55 W
3W 6A + –
The value of current in 2  resistance is 4A 50 W 150 W 20 W

____________ Amp.
The power delivered by the 50 V source is Q.59 Consider the circuit shown in below figure.
____________ W.
12 V 36 V
– –
+
+
+
6W 6W 6W V0 I x is ____________ A.
–
a 15W 10 W
The value of voltage V0 is __________ V.
1W 2W
6W 10 W 5W 3W 3W
b 7W
+ 1W 2W
–
3V + 1A 8W V0
19 W 6W
–
The value of Req across terminals a-b is
The voltage V0 equals to ___________ V. _____________  .
Q.57 Consider the circuit shown in below figure. Q.61 Consider the circuit shown in below figure.
2.5μF
5A 6W 3A 3W 6W 2A RL = 1.5 W
1.5μF 2μF
Ceq Power dissipated by load RL is ______ W.
1μF
4W
The value of Ceq is ____________ F .
3W
Q.58 In the circuit of below figure
_ 5W 1W
+ +
0.6V1
2 W V1
12 V
8W –
+
Vs
30 W Vx – +
_ 7W
+
_ 4V
x 12 A
The power across dependent voltage source The voltage Vs is _________ V.

(A) absorbs 3.07 W
(B) delivers 3.07 W
(C) absorbs 1.920 W
(D) delivers 1.920 W
Answer Keys
Objective & Numerical Answer Type Questions

1. 330 2. D 3. A 4. A 5. A
6. A 7. 8 8. 2.8 9. D 10. A
11. A 12. 0.5 13. C 14. D 15. C
16. C 17. 1.75 18. A 19. C 20. B
21. 3 22. 100 23. 8 24. B 25. 40
26. 1 27. D 28. C 29. 0.25 30. A
31. 0 32. 3 33. 5 34. A 35. A
36. C 37. D 38. B 39 8 40. 2
41. D 42. 1.78
Practice (Objective & Numerical Answer) Questions
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C
6. C 7. D 8. 2.62 9. C 10. C
11. B 12. C 13. D 14. 0 15. 4
16. 20 17. 1.25 18. 12.8 19. 0 20. 0
21. 1.833 22. 8 23. 10 24. 250 25. D
26. 56 27. 1 28. 4.7 29. C 30. D
31. B 32. B 33. C 34. B 35. B
36. D 37. 5 38. D 39. D 40. B
41. D 42. 29.09 43. 0.5 44. 10 45. 2.67
46. 4 47. – 4.5 48. 6.5 49. 9.23 50. –2
51. 60 52. 51.79 53. 4 54. 125 55. 20
56. 1 57. 3.5 58. B 59. –1 60. 40
61. 6 62. 225
Important Questions Based on Equivalent Resistance :
Question 1
The equivalent resistance between A and B of infinite grid shown in the figure is _______  .

A B
 

Solution :
Scan for
Video Solution
Question 2
The equivalent resistance between B and C of infinite grid shown in the figure is _______  .

 
C

Solution :
Scan for
Video Solution
Question 3
The equivalent input resistance of ladder network shown in the below figure is ______  .
A 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 
B
R eq
A 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 
B
R eq
Solution :
Scan for
Video Solution
Question 4
In the circuit shown below, total resistance between A and B will be independent of he number of cells if
value of Rx is __________ R.
Solution :
Scan for
Video Solution
Question 5
The equivalent resistance between A and B is _________  .
R
B
R
Solution :
Scan for
Video Solution
Question 6
An infinity ladder network of resistance is constructed with 1  and 2  resistance as shown in figure.
A 1 1 1 1
6V 2 2 2 2 
B
(i) Calculate effective resistance between A and B.
(ii) What is current that passes through 2  resistance nearest to be battery?
Solution :
Scan for
Video Solution
Question 7
The equivalent resistance between point A and B is _________  .
2 2 2
3 3 3 
1 1 1
R eq
Solution :
Scan for
Video Solution
Question 8
The equivalent resistance between point A and B is _________  .
4 4 4 4 4
3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 
2 2 2 2 2
R eq
Solution :
Scan for
Video Solution
Question 9
Calculate equivalent resistance between point A and B, if resistance increases in same pattern till
infinity.
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
A 1  1 B
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1 1
Solution :
Scan for
Video Solution
Question 10
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 A B 1 1 1
Solution :
Scan for
Video Solution
Question 11
The equivalent resistance between point A and B of successive increasing networks is _________  .
2 3 4
R1 KR 1 K R1 K R1 K R1
A
R2 KR 2 K 2 R2 K 3 R2 
R eq
Solution :
Scan for
Video Solution
Question 12
R
R R
R R
R R
A B
R R
R R
R
Solution :
Scan for
Video Solution
Question 13
R
R R
R R
A B
R R
R R
R
Solution :
Scan for
Video Solution

2 Two-Port
Networks
Objective & Numerical Ans Type Questions : The average power delivered to RL  20  ,
in watts, is ___________.
Q.1 For the circuit shown below, the input [GATE EE 2016 (Set - 02), IISc Bangalore]
V1 10 I1
resistance R11  is I2
I1 I2  0
[GATE IN 2008, IISc Bangalore] 20 V V1 Z  V2 RL

3I 2
2V3 Q.4 In the circuit shown, 2-port network N has

1W 2W
Z11  103 , Z12  10 , Z 21  106  and
+ I1 I2 +
+ I2
V1 2W V3 V2 Z22  104  . The current gain is
- I1
- - I1 I2
(A)  3  (B) 2 
(C) 3  (D) 13  50 
Q.2 In the circuit shown below, the network N is +

V1 N V2 10 k
VS –
described by the following Y matrix
 0.1S  0.01S V
Y  . The voltage gain 2 (A)  50 (B)  50
0.01S 0.1S  V1
(C)  20 (D)  20
is [GATE EC 2011, IIT Madras]
. Statement for Linked Questions 5 & 6 .
A two–port network shown below is excited
by external dc sources. The voltages and the
currents are measured with voltmeters
V1, V2 and ammeters A1,A 2 (all assumed to
(A) 1/90 (B) –1/90 be ideal) as indicated. Under following
(C) –1/99 (D) –1/11 switch conditions, the readings obtained are
Q.3 The z-parameters of the two port network [GATE EC 2008, IISc Bangalore]
shown in the figure are z11  40  , (i) S1  open, S 2  closed
z12  60  , z21  80  and z22  100  . A1  0 A, V1  4.5 V, V2  1.5 V, A 2  1 A
Network Theory [Workbook] 22 GATE ACADEMY®
(ii) S1  closed, S 2  open (A) 1.3 (B) 1.4
A1  4 A, V1  6 V, V2  6 V, A 2  0 A (C) 0.5 (D) 2.0
S1 S2 Q.9 Which one of the following is correct? The
+ A _ _ circuit shown in the figure below.
1 1 2 A2 +
3I1
+ + Two Port + I1 R R I2
V1 + –+
6V Network V 1.5V _ +
_ _ _ 2 +
1’ 2’ V1 R V2
- -
Q.5 The z-parameter matrix for this network is
(A) is reciprocal but not symmetrical
1.5 1.5 1.5 4.5
(A)   (B)   (B) is not reciprocal but symmetrical
 4.5 1.5 1.5 4.5 (C) is both reciprocal and symmetrical
1.5 4.5  4.5 1.5  (D) is neither reciprocal nor symmetrical
(C)   (D)  
1.5 1.5  1.5 4.5 Z Z12 
Q.10 The z-parameter matrix  11
Z 22 
Q.6 The h-parameter matrix for this network is for the
 Z 21
3 3  3 1  two-port network shown is
(A)   (B)  
 1 0.67  3 0.67 [GATE EC 2016 (Set - 03), IISc Bangalore]
3 3  3 1  3W
(C)   (D)  
1 0.67  3 0.67
Q.7 In the arrangement of figure given below Input port Output port
V1  30 23  V2 
 I   13 10    I 
 1    2
6W
ABCD parameter of Network N 0 is
I1 I2  2 2   2 2
2W (A)   (B)  
+ +  2 2   2 2
V1 N0 1W V2
_ _ 9 3 9 3
(C)   (D)  
 7 9  7 9  6 9  6 9 
(A)   (B)  
 3 4  3 4 . Common Data for Questions 11 & 12 .
 7 9  1 2  The h–parameters for a certain two-port

(C)   (D) 3 4  network are
 3  4  
9   2 
Q.8 Considering the transformer to be ideal, the [h]   
transmission parameter ‘A’ of the 2-port  20 0.2 S 
network shown in the figure below is Q.11 The new h-parameters if a 1  resistor is
[GATE IN 2013, IIT Bombay] connected in series with input will be
I1 I2 10   2 
1 2W 1:2 2W 2
+ + (A)  
 20 0.2 S 
V1 5W 5W V2
 42.33  1.66 
- -
(B)  
1’ 2’  16.67 0.1667 S 
GATE ACADEMY® 23 Two - Port Networks
9 2  The parameter B for the given two-port

(C)   network (in ohms, correct to two decimal
16.67 0.1667 S 
places) is ________.
 42.33  1.667 
(D)   [GATE EC 2018, IIT Guwahati]
 16.67 0.1667 S  Q.15 With reference to the below network the
Q.12 The new h-parameters if a 1  resistor is value of Z11 will be
connected in series with output will be I1 5 5 5 I2
10   2 
(A)   + 5
 10 1.2 S  V1 5 vZ V2
_
 42.33  1.66  4 vZ +_
(B)  
 16.67 0.1667 S 
(A) – 3  (B) 3 
9 2 
(C)   (C) – 1  (D) – 5 
16.67 0.1667 S  Q.16 Two passive two-port networks are
 42.33  1.667  connected in cascade as shown in figure. A
(D)  
 16.67 0.1667 S  voltage source is connected at port 1.
Q.13 The ABCD parameters of the following 2- [GATE EE 2017 (Set - 01), IIT Roorkee]
port network are I1 I2 I3
[GATE EC 2015 (Set 03), IIT Kanpur] Two-port V Two-port

V1 V3
(5 + j 4) W (5 - j 4) W network 1 2 network 2
Port 1 Port 2 Port 3
(2 + j 0) W Given :
V1  AV
1 2  B1 I 2 I1  C1V2  D1 I 2
V2  A2V3  B2 I 3 I 2  C2V3  D2 I 3
 3.5  j 2 20.5 
(A)  A1 , B1 , C1 , D1 , A2 , B2 , C2 and D2 are the
 20.5 3.5  j 2 
generalized circuit constants. If the
 3.5  j 2 30.5  Thevenin equivalent circuit at port 3 consists
(B) 
 0.5 3.5  j 2  of a voltage source VT and an impedance
 10 2  j0  Z T connected in series, then
(C) 
 2  j0 10  V1 A B  B1D2
(A) VT  , ZT  1 2
 7  j 4 0.5  A1 A2 A1 A2  B1C2
(D)  
 30.5 7  j 4  V1 A B  B1D2
(B) VT  , ZT  1 2
Q.14 The ABCD matrix for a two-port network is A1 A2  B1C2 A1 A2
defined by : V1 A B  B1D2
V1   A B  V2  (C) VT  , ZT  1 2
A1  A2 A1  A2
 I   C D    I 
 1    2 V1 A B  B1D2
I1 I2 (D) VT  , ZT  1 2
A1 A2  B1C2 A1 A2  B1C2
2W 2W Q.17 The driving point input impedance seen
V1 5W V2
from the source VS of the circuit shown
below, in  , is_______.
[GATE EE 2016 (Set - 02), IISc Bangalore]
 V1  2  2s 2  1 1 
 
2 2s 2s 
Is (B) 
VS 3 4V1 4  1 2s 2  1
 2 s 2 s 
Q.18 In the two-port network shown, the h11  2s 2  1 1 

 
2s 2s 
V1 (C) 
parameter (where, h11  when V2  0 ) in  1 2s 2  1
I1  2 s 2 s 
ohms is ______ (up to 2 decimal places).
 2s 2  1 1 
[GATE EE 2018, IIT Guwahati]  
2s 2s 
2I1 (D) 
 1 2s 2  1
 2 s 2 s 
I1 1W 1W I2
+ + Practice (objective & Num Ans) Questions :
V1 1W V2 Q.1 If the transmission parameters of the below

- - network are A = C = 1, B = 2 and D = 3 then
the value of Z in is
Q.19 The value of V1 and V2 for a given below
I1 I2
figure are respectively
V1
2 - port
Network V2 10 W
Zin
(A) – 68.6 V, 114.3 V
12 13
(B) 68.6 V, – 114.3 V (A)  (B) 
13 12
(C) 114.3 V, – 68.6 V
(C) 3  (D) 4 
(D) – 114.3 V, 68.6 V
Q.20 The accompanying figure shows a network Q.2 A two port network is represented by ABCD
with passive elements and two ideal parameters given by
transformers having 1 : 1 turns-ratios. The  V1   A B   V2 
impedance matrix for this interconnected  I    C D   I 
 1    2
network is
If port 2 is terminated by R L , the input
impedance seen at port 1 is given by
A + BR L R L  C
(A) (B)
C + DR L BR L  D
DR L  A AR L  B
(C) (D)
C  BR L D  CR L
 2s 2  1 1 
  Q.3 The two-port network P shown in the figure
2s 2s 
(A)  has ports 1 and 2, denoted by terminals (a,
 1 2s 2  1
 2 s 2 s 
b) and (c, d), respectively. It has an
impedance matrix Z with parameters Z21 Vg Z12 Z21
(C) VT  ; ZT  Z22 
denoted by zij . A 1  resistor is connected Z11 + Zg Z11  Zg
in series with the network at port 1 as shown Z21 Vg Z12 Z21
in the figure. The impedance matrix of the (D) VT  ; ZT  Z22 
Z11 + Zg Z11  Zg
modified two-port network (shown as a
dashed box) is Q.6 Two identical T-sections, such as one shown
below are connected in series. What is the
y11 of the combination?
10 W 10 W
1W
 z  1 z12  1  z  1 z12 
(A)  11  (B)  11
 z 21 z 22  1  z 21 z 22  1
 z +1 z12   z  1 z12  (A) 11/ 240  (B) 22 / 240 
(C)  11  (D)  11 
 z 21 z 22   z 21  1 z 22  (C) 11/ 360  (D) 22 /120 
Q.4 The Y21 parameter of the network shown in Q.7 Which one of the following is the
the given figure will be transmission matrix for the network shown
3W in the figure given below?
z
2W 2W
2W y
1 2
(A)
1

1
(B)    1 1  yz  1  yz z 
(A) 
z 
(B) 
6 6 y  y 1 
1 1
(C)  (D)   1 z  1 1  yz 
(C)   (D) 
y 
3 2
 y 1  yz  z
Q.5 The two port network shown in the figure is
characterized by the impedance parameter Q.8 Which of the following is/are correct? The
Z11 , Z12 , Z 21 and Z22 . For the equivalent. circuit shown in the figure below.
2 I1
The Thevenin’s source looking to the left of I1 1W 1W I2
+–
port 2, the VT and ZT will be respectively + +
1 2 V1 1W V2
Zg - -
N
Vg 1. is reciprocal
2' 2. has Z11  2, Z22  2
Z11 has Z11  4, Z22  2
(A) VT  Vg ; ZT  Z 22  Z12 3.
Z11 + Zg
4. has Z11  0, Z22  2
Z12
(B) VT  Vg ; ZT  Z 22  Z12 Select the correct answer using the codes
Z11 + Zg
given below
(A) 1 and 3 (B) 1 and 2   2 1   2  8
(A)   (B) 
(C) 1 and 4 (D) 3 only   8 3 1 3 
Q.9 For the two-port network as shown below,
0 1   2 1
what is the value of Y21 parameter? (C)   (D)  
1 0   1 3 
Q.13 The open circuit parameter for a given
figure are
_+
+ 1W +
2V1
V1 1W 2V2 2W V2
(A) Y1  Y3 (B) g m  Y2 _ _
(C) g m  Y3 (D) Y1  Y2  g m
 4 3  4 3 
Q.10 The z-parameters z11 and z 21 for the 2-port (A)   (B)  
 3 3 / 2  3 3 / 2 
network given below are
 1/ 2 1   1/ 2 1 
2W I2 (C) 
 4 / 3
I1 (D)  
+ +  1  1  4 / 3
4W . Common Data for Questions 14 & 15 .
E1 E2
- 10 E1 The Z-parameter of the two port network are
-
2 1 1 1
6 16 1 2 and 1 1 .
(A) z11  , z 21      
11 11
6 4 Q.14 If these network are connected in series,
(B) z11  , z 21   then the h-parameters of the overall 2-port
11 11
6  16 network are
(C) z11   , z 21  
11 11  5 / 3  2 / 3  5 / 3 2 / 3
(A)   (B)  
(D) z11 
4
, z 21 
4

 2 / 3 1/ 3    2 / 3 1/ 3 
11 11 3 / 5  3 / 2  3 3 / 2
(C) 
3 
Q.11 In the two port network shown in the figure (D)  
3 / 2  3 / 2 2 
below, z12 and z 21 are respectively
Q.15 The y-parameters of the overall two port
I1 I2 network are
 3/ 5  2 / 5  3/ 5 2 / 5
V1 re b I1 r0 V2 (A)   (B)  
  2 / 5 3/ 5   2 / 5 3/ 5 
  3 / 5 2/5   3 / 5  2 / 5
(C)   (D)  
(A) re and  r0 (B) 0 and r0   2 / 5 3 / 5 2 / 5  3 / 5
(C) 0 and  r0 (D) re and r0 Q.16 The z-parameters for a given below figure
Q.12 The open circuit impedance matrix of the 2 will be
_
port network shown in the figure is +
+ 1W +
+ I1 2W I2 3V1
+
V1 2W 1W V2
V1 1W 3I 1 V2
_ _
_ _
 2 1   2 1 
(A)   (B)   2V3
 2 3 / 2  2 3 / 2 3I 2
_ I2
1 + 2
I1 1 W 2W
 3 / 2 1  2 1  +
(C) 
2
(D)   V1 2W V V2
 2  2 3 / 2 _3
Q.17 The h parameters for the network in below 1’ 2’

figure are Q.21 What is the expression for h12 in respect of
the network shown below?
1.238   0.614 
(A)  
  0.719  0.243 S 
z2  z1 z1  z2
 4.238   0.614  (A) (B)
(B)  z1  z2 z2  z1

  0.719  0.143 S  z1  z2 z1  z2
(C) (D)
 4.238   0.714  z1  z2 z1  z2
(C)  
  0.619  0.143 S  Q.22 The Y-parameters of the network shown
1.238   0.714  above are
(D)   I2
  0.619  0.243 S  I1 25W
Q.18 The y-parameter ‘ y21 ’ of the below network

V1 100 W 2I1 V2
is
I1 6 W 4W _
I2
+
+
+
  0.04 0.04  0.04  0.04 
(A)   (B)  
V1 6W 14 I1 V2   0.04 0.03 0.04  0.03
_ _  0.04  0.03   0.04 0.03
(C)   (D)  
  0.04 0.03   0.04 0.03
(A) 0 (B) 
Q.23 Consider the two-port network as shown.
(C) 0.5  (D) 10 
The hybrid parameter h12 is
Q.19 The value of forward current gain h21 for a
 I1
given below figure is _________
6W
I1 R1 R3 I2
1 2
1W 1W
 
1W
V1 R2 V2
1’ 2’  
Q.20 The value of Z12 from the given below ( R3  R2 ) (1   )R3
(A)  (B)
figure is ___________  . R2  R3 R2  R3
(1   )R2 R2 Where the entries are in  . Suppose
(C) (D)
R2  R3 R2  R3 Z b ( j)  Rb  j .
Q.24 A 2-port network is represented by the Za Zb
1 2
following equations :
V1  60 I1  20 I 2 V2  20 I1  40 I 2 Zc
The ABCD Parameters of the below 1' 2'

network would be
Then the value of Rb (in  ) equals ______.
 1  100 3
2
(A)  20  (B)  1 
Q.29 The connection of two 2-port networks is
   2 shown in the figure. The ABCD parameters
 3 100   20 
of N1 and N 2 networks are given as
 3 100 
100 20  A B 1 5
(D)  1 
C D   0 1 and
(C) 
 6 3   2    N1  
 20 
Q.25 The open circuit input impedance of a 2-port A B  1 0
network is C D   0.2 1 
  N2  
2
1 3
N1 N2
A B 1’ 3’
(A)  (B)  2’
C D
The ABCD parameters of the combined 2-
D A
(C)  (D)  port network are
C B
 2 5  1 2
Q.26 For a two-part reciprocal network, the three (A)   (B)  
transmission parameters are A  4, B  7 0.2 1  0.5 1 
and C  5. What is the value of D ?  5 2  1 2
(C)   (D) 0.5 5 
(A) 9.5 (B) 9.0 0.5 1   
(C) 8.5 (D) 8.0 Q.30 The two-port of below figure has t-
Q.27 In the h-parameter model of the 2-port parameters t11  0.0025, t12  500 ,
network given in the figure shown, the value t21  3.125  108 S, and t22  0.00625 . If
of h22 (in S) is __________.
Z L  200 k, and Z s  20 k . The value of
3W
Z in and Z out are respectively
3W 3W
1 2
2W
1' 2'
2W 2W
(A) Z in  40 k, Zout  100 k

Q.28 The Z-parameter matrix for the two-port
network shown is (B) Z in  80 k, Zout  200 k
 2 j j  (C) Z in  80 k, Zout  100 k
 j  3  2 j 
  (D) Z in  40 k, Zout  200 k
. Common Data for Questions 31 & 32 .  s2 1 

 s 2  3s  1  s 2  3s  1 
Consider the network shown in below (C)  
figure. The transmission parameter of the  s3 ( s  2) 
two port network are :  s 2  3s  1 s 2  3s  1 
2 3 2 3  s2 1 
Ta    Tb     s 2  3s  1  s 2  3s  1 
1 2  1 2 (D)  
 1 s ( s  2) 
Na
I1 I2  s 2  3s  1 s 2  3s  1 
V1 V2
Q.34 The y parameters for the network in below
Nb figure are
Q.31 The impedance parameter of the overall two

port network is
4 6 4 2
(A)   (B)  
2 4 2 4
2 4  4 1
(C)   (D)  
4 2 1 3  27  j15 25  j10 
(A)   S.
Q.32 The inverse transmission parameter of the  25  j10 27  j 5 
overall two port network will be
 27  j15 25  j10 
 2 6  2 1/ 2  (B)   S.
(A)   (B)    25  j10 27  j 5 
1/ 2 2  6 2 
 27  j15 25  j10 
 2 1/ 2   2  6 (C)   S.
(C)   25  j10 27  j 5 
2 
(D)  
 6  1/ 2 2 
 27  j15 25  j10 
Q.33 For the ladder network in below figure. (D)   S.
 25  j10 27  j 5 

The g parameters in the s domain are

 s2 1 
 s 2  3s  1 s  3s  1 
2
(A)  
 1 ( s  2) 
 s  3s  1
2
s 2  3s  1 
 2 1 
 s 2  3s  1  s 2  3s  1 
(B)  
 2 s ( s  2) 
 s 2  3s  1 s 2  3s  1 
Answer Keys

1. D 2. D 3. 35.55 4. B 5. C
6. A 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. A
11. A 12. B 13. B 14. 4.8 15. D
16. D 17. 20 18. 0.5 19. B 20. C
1. A 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. D
6. A 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. C
11. B 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. A
16. D 17. C 18. B 19. – 3/5 20. 5
21. A 22. B 23. D 24. D 25. A
26. B 27. 1.25 28. 3 29. A 30. B
31. B 32. A 33. D 34. B
3 Network
Theorems
Objective & Numerical Ans Type Questions : . Common Data for Questions 3 & 4 .
[GATE EE 2009, IIT Roorkee]
Q.1 For the circuit shown in the figure, the
2 kW 3VAB
Thevenin voltage and resistance looking into +- A
X - Y are [GATE EC 2007, IIT Kanpur]
1W X 5V + 2 kW 1 kW
-
i
+ B
2i 1W 2A 2W
- Q.3 For the circuit given above, the Thevenin’s
resistance across the terminals A and B is
Y (A) 0.5 k (B) 0.2 k
(A) 4/3 V, 2  (C) 1 k (D) 0.11 k
(B) 4 V, 2/3  Q.4 For the circuit given above, the Thevenin’s
voltage across the terminals A and B is
(C) 4/3 V, 2/3 
(A) 1.25 V (B) 0.25 V
(D) 4 V, 2  (C) 1 V (D) 0.5 V
Q.2 For the circuit shown in figure, Thevenin’s Q.5 The impedance looking into nodes 1 and 2
voltage and Thevenin’s equivalent resistance in the given circuit is
at terminals a - b is [GATE EC/EE/IN 2012, IIT Delhi]
[GATE EC 2005, IIT Bombay] ib
1A 5W
1kΩ 99 ib
I1
+ a + 9 kΩ
0.5 I1 5W 10 V
- b - 1
100 W
2
(A) 5 V and 2 (A) 50  (B) 100 

(B) 7.5 V and 2.5  (C) 5 k (D) 10.1 k
(C) 4 V and 2  Q.6 In the circuit shown below, if the source
(D) 3 V and 2.5  voltage VS  10053.130 V then the
Thevenin's equivalent voltage in Volts as 2W
a
seen by the load resistance RL is
4I + 2W
[GATE EC/EE/IN 2013, IIT-Bombay] - 4W
I
3W j4 W j6 W 5W
b
VL1
Q.10 For the given circuit, the Thevenin
VS j 40 I 2 10 VL1 RL = 10 W equivalent is to be determined. The
I1 I2
Thevenin voltage, VTh (in Volt), seen from
(A) 100900 V (B) 80000 V terminal AB is _________.

[GATE EE 2015 (Set - 1), IIT Kanpur]
(C) 800900 V (D) 100600 V
20i
1W
Q.7 Assuming an ideal transformer, the – + A
Thevenin’s equivalent voltage and
impedance as seen from the terminals x and +
2V 1W i 2W
y for the circuit in figure are -
[GATE EE 2014, IIT Kharagpur]

B
1W
Q.11 For the circuit shown, the black box contains
x resistors and independent sources only.
The current I is 3 A and 1.5 A for R  0 and
sin(wt )
2  , respectively . For R  1  , what is the
1:2 y current I ?
I
(A) 2sin( t ) V, 4  (B) 1sin( t ) V,1 
Black
R
(C) 1sin( t ) V, 2  (D) 2sin( t ) V, 0.5  Box
Q.8 Consider the circuit shown in the figure.

3i0
(A) 1 A (B) 2 A
(C) 3 A (D) 4 A
Q.12 In the circuit shown below, for different
P values of R, the values of V and I are given,
1W i0
other element remaining the same.
1W 1W
10 V
When R = , V = 5 V
When R = 0, I = 2.5 A
Q
1W When R = 3  , the value of V is given by
The Thevenin equivalent resistance (in ) + I

across PQ is _______. +
Vs Resistors V R
[GATE EC 2017 (Set - 02), IIT Roorkee] –
Q.9 In the circuit shown, the Norton equivalent –
resistance (in Ω ) across terminals a - b is
_______. (A) 1 V (B) 5 V
[GATE EC 2015 (Set - 2), IIT Kanpur] (C) 3 V (D) 2 V
GATE ACADEMY® 33 Network Theorems
Q.13 In the below shown circuit, if V  3 volts for Q.17 Assuming both the voltage sources are in
E  1 volt, I  0 ; and V  2 volts for I  2 phase, the value of R for which maximum
A and E  0 . When E  1 volt and I is power is transferred from circuit A to circuit
replaced by a resistor of 2 ohm, then what is B is [GATE EC/EE/IN 2012, IIT Delhi]
the value of V? 2W R
+ - j1 W
+ 10 V + 3V
Resistive - -
E_ V I
Network
Circuit A Circuit B
(A) 0.8  (B) 1.4 

(A) 2 Volts (B) 4 Volts
(C) 2  (D) 2.8 
(C) 6 Volts (D) 8 Volts
Q.18 In the circuit shown below, VS is a constant
Q.14 In a linear two-port network, when 10 V is
applied to Port 1, a current of 4 A flows voltage source and I L is a constant current
through Port 2 when it is short-circuited. load.
When 5 V is applied to Port 1, a current of [GATE EC 2016 (Set - 02), IISc Bangalore]
1.25 A flows through a 1 Ω resistance
R
connected across Port 2. When 3 V is
applied to Port 1, the current (in Ampere) VS IL
through a 2 Ω resistance connected across
Port 2 is ________.
[GATE EE 2015 (Set - 1), IIT Kanpur] The value of I L that maximizes the power
Q.15 In the circuit shown in the figure. absorbed by the constant current load is
V V
[GATE EC 2016 (Set - 01), IISc Bangalore] (A) S (B) S
4R 2R
3 kW 10 kW
V
(C) S (D) 
R
5V 2 kW v0 100v0 40 kW R
Q.19 In the circuit shown below, the value of
capacitor C required for maximum power to
The maximum power (in watt) delivered to be transferred to the load is
the resistor R is __________. [GATE EE 2017 (Set - 02), IIT Roorkee]
Q.16 In the circuit shown below, the maximum Rs = 0.5 W
power transferred to the resistor R is
5 mH
_______ W.
V (t ) = 10sin(100t )
[GATE EE 2017 (Set - 01), IIT Roorkee] 1W C
3W
5W Load
(A) 1nF (B) 1F
6V
(C) 1mF (D) 10mF
5V R 5W 2A
Q.20 A dc circuit shown in the figure is has a
voltage source V, a current source I and
several resistors. A particular resistor R Q.23 The power dissipated in the 1  resistor is 1
dissipates a power of 4 Watts when V alone W due to the 5 V voltage source alone and
is active. The same resistor R dissipates a 576 W due to 30 A current source alone.
power of 9 Watts when I alone is active. The The total power absorbed in the same
power dissipated by R when both sources resistor due to both the source is
are active will be
[GATE EC 1993, IIT Bombay] 1W 4W
_ + 30 A
Resistive 2W 5V 3W
V network
R
(A) 577 W (B) 575 W

(C) 625 W (D) 529 W
Q.24 In the circuit shown, what value of RL
I
(A) 1 W (B) 5 W maximizes the power delivered to RL ?
(C) 13 W (D) 25 W [GATE EC 2009, IIT Roorkee]
Q.21 In the circuit shown in the above figure, the
power consumed in the resistance R is
measured when one source is acting at a
time, these values are 18 W, 50 W and
98 W. When all the sources are acting
simultaneously, the possible maximum and
minimum value of power in R will be
E1 E2 E3
(A) 2.4  (B) 3.66 

(C) 4  (D) 6 
RESISTIVE NETWORK R
Q.25 The Thevenin equivalent impedance Z th
between the nodes P and Q in the
(A) 98 W and 18 W (B) 166 W and 18 W following circuit is
(C) 450 W and 2 W (D) 166 W and 2 W [GATE EC 2008, IISc Bangalore]
Q.22 The linear network as shown has only
1H 1F
resistor. If I1  8 A and I 2  12 A , V is
found to be 80 V. V = 0 when I1   8 A and 1W
P
I 2  4 A . Then the value of V when 1A 1W

+
10 V -
I1  I 2  10 A , is Q
V
1
(A) 1 (B) 1  s 
s
1 s2  s  1
I1 Network I2 (C) 2  s  (D) 2
s s  2s  1
Q.26 Use the data of Fig. (a). The current i in the
(A) 25 V (B) 50 V circuit of Fig.(b) is
(C) 75 V (D) 100 V [GATE EC 2000, IIT Kharagpur]
R2 (A) 12 A (B) 8 A
3
R1 R3 (C) 4 A A (D)
2
+ Q.29 The short-circuit test of a 2-port network is
10 V R4 2A
– shown in figure-I, the voltage across the
terminals AA in the network shown in
Fig. (a) figure-II will be
R2 10 A B
R1 R3 20 V N 2A
B
Fig. I
i=? R4 20 V A B
N 10 V
Fig. (b)
A B
(A) – 2 A (B) 2 A Fig. II
(C) – 4 A (D) 4 A
(A) 20 V (B) 10 V
Q.27 The terminal volt-ampere conditions of a
linear reciprocal network N are shown in the (C) 5 V (D) 2 V
figurer (a). What is the current I
corresponding to the terminals conditions Practice (objective & Num Ans) Questions :
shown in the figure ? [ESE EC 2006]
4A A
B1
Q.1 The circuit shown in figure is equivalent to a
1
load of
12 V +
_ N 2A I 2W
A2 B2
4W 2I
(A)
I A1 B1 4 8
(A) ohms (B) ohms
30 V +
_ N +_ 6 V 3 3
(C) 4 ohms (D) 2 ohms
A2 B2
Q.2 For the circuit shown in the figure, the
(B) Thevenin equivalent voltage (in Volts)
(A)  1 A (B) 9 A across terminals a  b is ______.
(C) 10 A (D) 11A
3W
Q.28 The figure shows two different sets of input a
and output variables for the same two-port
resistive network N. Ix is 12 V 1A 6W
b
Q.3 Applying Norton’s Theorem, the Norton’s
equivalent circuit to the left of the terminal’s
and b in the below circuit is having
equivalent current source (I N ) and
equivalent resistance (R N ) as
4W 4W
a
Q.6 If R  50  and va is adjustable. The value
of va such that the maximum power is
24 V + 4A 8W
– transferred from circuit P to circuit Q is
(A) 5 V (B) 7.5 V
b
(C) 10 V (D) 0 V
(A) I N  5 A ; R N  4 Ω
Q.7 What is the value of maximum power
(B) I N  4 A ; R N  6 Ω reference to above question?
(C) I N  9 A; R N  1.6  (A) 0 W B) 0.5 W
(C) 1 W (D) 2 W
(D) I N  4 A; R N  3 
Q.8 If va  6 V and R is adjustable. The value of
Q.4 In the circuit, the value of the resistance Rs R that maximizes power transfer from circuit
required for maximum power transfer from P to circuit Q is
that 10 V source to the 10  load is given (A) 20  (B) 40 
by (C) 60  (D) 80 
RS Q.9 What is the value of maximum power
reference to above question?
30 W 30 W (A) 0 W (B) 0.5 W
(C) 1 W (D) 2 W
Q.10 The Norton’s equivalent source in amperes
10V +
- 30 W 10 W as seen into the terminals X and Y is
________.
2.5 V
(A) 5  (B) 10  X
(C) 0  (D) 30  2.5 W
Q.5 For the network given in figure below, the

Thevenin’s voltage Vab is 5W
10 W 10 W
5W 5W
a
6A 5W 10 W + 16 V 5V
b – Y
Q.11 The circuit shown in the figure contains a
(A) 1.5V (B) 0.5V dependent current source between A and B
terminals. The Thevenin’s equivalent
(C) 0.5V (D) 1.5V
resistance in k between the terminals C
. Common Data for Questions 6 to 9 . and D is_______.
Consider the network shown in below 5 kW A 5 kW C
+
figure.
10V 10- 4 Vx Vx
–
B D
Q.12 In the given circuit, the maximum power (in 3A
Watts) that can be transferred to the load RL
a
is ____________.
2W 5W
35 V 8A 1W R
4Ð0 V j2 W RL
b
5 5
(A) ohm (B) ohm
Q.13 For the circuit shown in figure, some 9 8
measurements are made and listed in the 5 5
table below. (C) ohm (D) ohm
6 3
IL
Q.18 In the lattice network, find the value of R (in
ohm) for the maximum power transfer to the
Linear Vs Is IL
+ RL
load.
Vs - Resistive
7V 3A 1A
network 6W
9V 1A 3A
6W 5W
I R
Is
9W
If Vs  10 V and I s  4 V , then the value of
(A) 5 (B) 6.5
I L will be _________ A. (C) 8 (D) 9
Q.14 The Thevenin equivalent resistance from Q.19 In the lattice network, the value of R for
AB terminal of the circuit is ________  . maximum power transfer to the load is
+_ A 7W
10 W
4vx
vx 5 W 15 W 6W 5W
V
R
B
9W
In the circuit shown in below figure the
maximum power transfer condition is meet (A) 5  (B) 6.5 
for the load RL . (C) 8  (D) 8 
Q.20 If Rg in the circuit shown in the given
figure is variable between 20  and 80 
then the maximum power transferred to load
RL will
Q.15 The value of RL will be ________  .
Rg
Q.16 The maximum power is ___________ W.
Q.17 The value of R which will enable the circuit +
to deliver maximum power to the terminals 40 V RL = 60 W
-
a and b in the following circuit diagram is
(A) 15 W (B) 13.33 W (A) 2.4 kW (B) 3.6 kW
(C) 6.67 W (D) 2.4 W (C) 4.8 kW (D) 6.0 kW
Q.21 For the circuit shown in the given figure, Q.25 A source having internal impedance of
when the voltage E is 10 V, the current I (9  j12)  is to deliver maximum power to
is 1 A . If the applied voltage across terminal a resistive load. The load resistance should
C-D is 100 V, the short circuit current be
flowing through the terminal A - B will be (A) 9  (B) 12 
A C (C) 15  (D) 21 
+ Linear Q.26 For the network shown above. I = (0.2 V –
E Passive I
- Nework 2) A, (I = the current delivered by the
voltage source V). The Thevenin voltage
B D
Vth and resistance R th for the network N
(A) 0.1 A (B) 1 A
(C) 10 A (D) 100 A across the terminals AB are respectively
Q.22 What are the source voltage and source
resistance, respectively for the Thevenin’s
equivalent circuit as seen from the terminals
indicated in the circuit given below ?
(A) – 10 V, 5  (B) 10 V, 5 
60 W 40 W (C) – 10 V, 0.2  (D) 10 V, 0.2 
100 V +
X Y
- Q.27 The maximum power that can be transferred
40 W 60 W in the load Z L in the below circuit is
j 50 W 10 W
(A) 2.0 V, 24  (B) 20 V, 48 
(C) 20 V, 4.8  (D) 20 V, 12  50Ð00 V ZL
Q.23 In the circuit shown below, when is the
power absorbed by the 1  resistor
(A) 12.25 W (B) 62.5 W
maximum ? (C) 24.5 W (D) 500 W
RW Q.28 In a linear network, a 1  resistor consumes
a power of 4 W when voltage source of 4 V
is applied to the entire circuit, and 16 W
2W when the voltage source is replaced by 8 V
6 V_
+
4W 1W source. The power consumed by the 1 
resistor when 12 V is applied will be
(A) 0 W (B) 20 W
(A) R = 0 (B) R = 2  (C) 36 W (D) 144 W
(C) R = 4  (D) R =  Q.29 The power consumed by a coil is 300 W
when connected to a 30 V dc source and 108
Q.24 A voltage source of 240 volts having an
W when connected to a 30 V ac source. The
internal impedance of (3  j 4)  is
reactance of the coil is
supplying power to a complex load
(A) 3  (B) 4 
impedance Z L . What will be the maximum
(C) 5  (D) 6.67 
power transferred to the load?
Q.30 Thevenin’s equivalent of a circuit, operating
at   5 rad/s, has
VOC  3.71  15.90 V
Zn  2.38  j 0.667 
At this frequency, the minimal realization of
the Thevenin’s impedance will have (A) 6.4 – j4.8 (B) 6.56 – j7.87
(A) A resistor, a capacitor and an inductor (C) 10 + j0 (D) 16 + j0
(B) A resistor and a capacitor Q.33 In the circuit shown below, the value of RL
(C) A resistor and an inductor
such that the power transferred to RL
(D) A capacitor and an inductor
Q.31 In the given figure the Thevenin’s maximum is
equivalent pair (voltage, impedance), as 10 W 10 W
seen at the terminals P - Q is given by

10 W P 10 W
+ 5V RL
– 1A
+
20 W 10 W Unknown – 2V
4V
network
(A) 5  (B) 10 
Q
(C) 15  (D) 20 
(A) (2 V, 5 Ω) (B) (2 V, 7.5 Ω)
(C) (4 V, 5 Ω) (D) (4 V,7.5 Ω)

Q.32 In the circuit shown below, the Norton
equivalent current in amperes with respect to
the terminals P and Q is
Answer Keys

1. D 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. A
6. C 7. A 8. –1 9. 1.33 10. 3.36
11. B 12. C 13. A 14. 0.545 15. 0.8
16. 3.025 17. A 18. B 19. D 20. A, D
21. C 22. C 23. C 24. C 25. A
26. C 27. B 28. B 29. D
1. B 2. 10 3. A 4. C 5. A
6. B 7. C 8. D 9. C 10. 1
11. 20 12. 1.65 13. 1.6 14. –7.5 15. 3
16. 0.75 17. C 18. B 19. B 20. A
21. C 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. C
26. B 27. B 28. C 29. B 30. B
31. A 32. A 33. C
4 Transient Analysis
Objective & NAT Questions (RL Circuit) : ix 2H
Q.1 In the circuit shown, the switch S is open for

a long time and is closed at t = 0. The 2ix +
10 u (t ) A 5W v0 (t )
current i(t) for t  0 is -
5W
[GATE EC 2010, IIT Guwahati]
10 W
Q.4 The voltage v(t ) shown below is applied to
S t=0
1.5 A 10 W 15 mH the given circuit. v(t )  3 V for t  0 and
i(t) 10 W
v(t )  6 V for t  0. The value of current
(A) i (t )  0.5  0.125e 1000t A i (t ) at t  1 sec, is ampere is _________.
[GATE IN 2016, IISc Bangalore]
(B) i (t )  1.5  0.125e 1000t A
v (t )
(C) i (t )  0.5  0.5e 1000t A
6
(D) i (t )  0.375e 1000t A 3
Q.2 The circuit shown below is under steady- 0 t
state condition with the switch closed. The 1.5 H
switch is opened at t  0 . What is the time
constant of the circuit? 1W i (t )
t=0 1W 1W
10 W
v (t ) +
–
s
+ + Q.5 The switch in the circuit shown in the figure,
0.5V 2 H V_ 10 W
_ was open for a long time and is closed at
+ t  0 . The current i (t ) (in Ampere) at
_ 10V
t  0.5 sec is ______.
(A) 0.1 sec (B) 0.2 sec
[GATE EC 2017 (Set - 02), IIT Roorkee]
(C) 5 sec (D) 10 sec
i (t ) 5W
Q.3 In the circuit shown in the figure, the value
of v0 (t ) (in Volts) for t   is________. 10 A 5W t=0
2.5 H
[GATE EC 2014, IIT Kharagpur]
GATE ACADEMY® 41 Trasient Analysis
Q.6 In the given circuit, the switch S is closed at Q.9 In the given circuit it is noticed that the frog
d kicked a little when switch is closed & kept
t = 0. The rate of change of current i (0 )
dt closed for long time. When switch is opened
is given by frog kicked violently for 5 seconds. Assume
[GATE EC 2008, IISc Bangalore] that frog takes 10 mA to kick violently.
R 50 W
S
S
+
12 V _ 2H
Is Rs i (t ) L
The resistance of frog is ___________  .

(A) 0 (B) Rs I s / L Q.10 A series RL circuit is initially relaxed. A
( R  Rs ) I s step voltage is applied to the circuit. If  is
(C) (D) 
L the time constant of the circuit, the voltage
Q.7 In the circuit shown, the voltage VIN (t ) is across R and L will be the same at time ‘t’
equal to
described by :
(A)  ln 2 (B)  ln 0.5
0, for t  0 1 1
VIN (t )   (C)
ln 2 (D) ln 0.5
15 Volts, for t  0  
where, t is in seconds. The time (in seconds) Q.11 The circuit shown in the figure is in the
at which the current I in the circuit will steady state, when the switch is closed at t =
reach the value 2 Amperes is __________. 0. Assuming that the inductance is ideal, the
[GATE EC 2017 (Set - 01), IIT Roorkee] current through the inductor at t  0 will be
1W [GATE EE 2005, IIT Bombay]
I
+ 10 W
VIN (t ) 1H 2H
10 V 10 mH t =0
-
Q.8 In the circuit shown in the given figure. If

the switch is open as t = 0, then the voltage (A) 0 A (B) 0.5 A
(C) 1 A (D) 2 A
dv
v(0 ) & its derivative will be Q.12 In the circuit shown in the following figure,
dt t 0
the switch is kept closed for a long time and
respectively then opened at t  0.
+ [GATE IN 2007, IIT Kanpur]
t =0 20 W
10 A 10 W 5 H v(t )
t=0
–
10 H
+
20 W
(A) 10 V and 50 V/s 30 V _
(B) 10 V and –50 V/s 20 W
(C) – 100 V and 200 V/s 20 W
(D) 100 V and – 200 V/s i(t)

The value of the current i just before Q.15 In the circuit shown, VC is 0 volt at t = 0 sec.
opening the switch (t  0 ) and just after For t > 0, the capacitor current ic (t ) where t

opening the switch (t  0 ) are, respectively is in second is given by
3 7 5 [GATE EC 2007, IIT Kanpur]
(A) A and 1 A (B) A and A
4 6 2 20 kW ic (t )
7
(C) 1 A and A (D) 1 A and 1 A
6 10 V 20 kW Vc 4 mF
Q.13 The switch in the below figure was closed
for a long time. It is opened at t  0 .
[GATE EE 2017 (Set - 01), IIT Roorkee] (A) 0.50exp( 25t ) mA
t =0 (B) 0.25exp( 25t ) mA
6W 8W
(C) 0.50exp(12.5t ) mA
S i (t )
32 W
(D) 0.25exp( 6.25t ) mA
50 V 8W 32 W 2H
Q.16 The time constant for the given circuit will
be [GATE EE 2008, IISc Bangalore]
1F 3W
The current in the inductor of 2 H for t  0 ,
is
(A) 2.5 e  4 t A (B) 5 e  4 t A 1F 1F 3W 3A
(C) 2.5 e  0.25t A (D) 5 e  0.25t A
Objective & NAT Questions (RC Circuit) : (A) 1/9 sec (B) 1/4 sec
(C) 4 sec (D) 9 sec
Q.14 In the circuit shown below, the initial charge
on the capacitor is 2.5 mC, with the voltage Q.17 In the following figure, C1 and C2 are ideal
polarity as indicated. The switch is closed at capacitors. C1 has been charged to 12 V
time t  0 . The current i(t ) after the switch before the ideal switch S is closed at t = 0.
is closed is The current i(t) for all t is
[GATE EC 2011, IIT Madras] [GATE EC/EE/IN 2012, IIT Delhi]
S t =0
C1 i (t ) C2
(A) zero
(B) a step function
(A) i (t )  15exp  2  103 t  A (C) an exponentially decaying function
(B) i(t )  5exp  2 103 t  A (D) an impulse function
Q.18 A combination of 1 F capacitor with an
(C) i (t )  10 exp  2 103 t  A
initial voltage VC (0)   2 V in series with a
(D) i(t )  5exp  2 10 t  A
3
100  resistor is connected to a 20 mA
ideal dc current source by operating both Q.19 The circuit shown in the figure is used to
switches at t  0 sec as shown. Which of the charge the capacitor C alternately from two
following graphs shown in the options current sources as indicated. The switches
approximates the voltage Vs across the S1 and S2 are mechanically coupled and
current source over the next few seconds? connected as follows :
[GATE EE 2014, IIT Kharagpur] For 2nT  t  (2n  1)T ,
VC (n  0, 1, 2, ...) S1 to P1 and S2 to P2
+ - For (2n  1)T  t  (2n  2)T ,
t =0 + (n  0, 1, 2, ...) S1 to Q1 and S2 to Q2
V 100 W Q1 P1 Q2 P2
- s
t =0 S1 S2
1W 0.5W C = 1F Vc (t ) 1W 1W
(A) Vs
1A 1A
Assume that the capacitor has zero initial

t charge. Given that u (t ) is a unit step
function, the voltage Vc (t ) across the
–2 capacitor is given by
[GATE EC 2007, IISc Kanpur]
(B) V 
s
(A)  (1) n tu (t  nT )
n 0

t (B) u (t )  2 (1) n u (t  nT )
n 1

–2 (C) tu (t )  2 (1) n (t  nT )u (t  nT )
n 1
(C) Vs 
(D)   0.5  e  (t  2 nT )  0.5e  (t  2 nT T ) 
n 0
Q.20 An 11 V pulse of 10 s duration is applied

t to the circuit shown in figure. Assuming that
the capacitor is completely discharged prior
–2 to applying the pulse, the peak value of the
capacitor voltage is
(D) Vs [GATE EE 2002, IISc Bangalore]
1 kW
11V
t 10 kΩ 11 nF
0 10 ms
–2
(A) 11 V (B) 5.5 V
(C) 6.32 V (D) 0.96 V
Q.21 In the circuit shown below, the initial equals _____. (Give the answer up to one
capacitor voltage is 4 V. Switch S1 is closed decimal place.)
at t  0 . The charge (in µC) lost by the [GATE EE 2017 (Set - 02), IIT Roorkee]
capacitor from t  25 s to t  100 s is 1F
____________.
[GATE EE 2016 (Set - 02), IISc Bangalore] 5W 5W
S1 +
10 V
–
5W
5W 5W
4V 5 mF 5W
Q.25 A square pulse of 3 volt amplitude is applied

to C-R circuit shown in the figure. The
Q.22 In the dc circuit shown in the adjoining
capacitor is initially uncharged. The output
figure, the node voltage V2 at steady state is
voltage v0 at time t  2 sec is
[GATE IN 2010, IIT Guwahati]
Vi 0.1F
3V 1k
vi v0
t
2 sec
(A) 3 V (B) – 3 V
(A) 0 V (B) 1 V
(C) 4 V (D) – 4 V
(C) 2 V (D) 3 V
Q.26 The capacitor in the circuit as shown below
Q.23 In the figure shown, all elements used are is initially charged to 12 V with S1 and S2
ideal. For time t < 0 , S1 remained closed and
open. S1 is closed at t  0 while S2 is
S2 open. At t = 0 , S1 is opened and S2 is
closed at t  3 sec. The waveform of the
closed. If the voltage VC2 across the
capacitor current is represented by
capacitor C2 at t = 0 is zero, the voltage t=0
1W

across the capacitor combination at t  0 S1
+
will be [GATE EE 2009, IIT Roorkee] 12 V 1F 2W
- S2
t =3
(A)
4A
(A) 1 V (B) 2 V
t
(C) 1.5 V (D) 3 V 3 6
Q.24 The initial charge in the 1 F capacitor (B)
4A
present in the circuit shown is zero. The
energy in joules transferred from the DC
t
source until steady state condition is reached 3 6
(C) (A) 80 V, 32 V, 48 V (B) 80 V, 48 V, 32 V
4A (C) 20 V, 8 V, 12 V (D) 20 V, 12 V, 8 V
t
3 6 The following series RLC circuit with zero
(D)
4A
initial conditions is excited by a unit impulse
function (t ).
t [GATE EC 2008, IISc Bangalore]
3 6 1H 1W
Q.27 In the circuit diagram, shown in the figure,
S1 was closed and S 2 was open for a very
d(t ) + 1F Vc (t )
long time. At t  0, S1 is opened and S 2 is –
closed. The voltage across the capacitor, in

volt, at t  5 s is _________.
Q.31 For t  0 , the output voltage Vc (t ) is
[GATE IN 2017, IIT Roorkee]
t=0 1W t=0 2   12 t  t 
3
2  12 t
(A)  e  e 2  (B) te
S2 S1 3  3
+
3V 2W 10 mF 1V 2  12 t  3 
– (C) e cos  t 
3  2 
2  12 t  3 
(D) e sin  t 
. Common Data for Questions 28 & 29 . 3  2 
Consider the network shown in below figure Q.32 For t  0 , voltage across the resistor is
with VC (0)  0.5 V .
1   3
t
1
 t 
1 (A) e 2
e 2

3  
t0 +
1 1   3  1  3 
e  t u (t )  1 F VC (t )  t
2 (B) e 2
 cos  t   sin  t  
  2  3  2  
Q.28 The value of  (in sec) is ______. 2  12 t  3 
Ans. 1 sec (C) e sin  t 
Q.29 The value of VC (t ) at t  1 sec is ____ volt.
3  2 
Ans. 0.184 V 2  12 t  3 
(D) e cos  t 
Objective & NAT Questions (RLC Circuit) : 3  2 
Q.33 The circuit shown in the figure is in steady
Q.30 The voltages VC1 , VC2 and VC3 across the
state before the switch is closed at t = 0. The
capacitors in the circuit in figure, under
current is (0 ) through the switch is
steady state, are respectively
[GATE EC 1996, IISc Bangalore] 8W
10 kW 1H 2F 2H 25 kW
4W 1H
t=0
VC2
+ + 12 V
100 V VC1 1F VC3 3F iS (0+ )
40 kW
- 1H 1F
(A) 1/ 3 A (B) 2 / 3 A Practice (objective & Num Ans) Questions
(C) 1 A (D) 0 A (RL / RC / RLC Circuits) :
Q.34 The circuit given is in steady state for a long
Q.1 When a unit impulse voltage is applied to an
time with switch S open. The switch is
inductor of 1 H, the energy supplied by the
closed at t  0 . The current through
source is
R  10  at t  0 will be.
(A) 2 J (B) 1J
R = 10 W
1 1
(C) J (D) J
2W t=0 3F 2 4
12 V Q.2 The current through a series RL circuit is
S 1  t /2
1H 6F
e when excited by a unit impulse
4
1 2 voltage. The values of R and L are
(A) A (B) A respectively
3 3
(A) 8, 4 (B) 4, 2
(C)1 A (D) 2 A
(C) 2, 4 (D) 1, 4
Q.35 In the circuit shown in figure. Switch SW1 is
Q.3 If a pulse voltage V(t) of 4 V magnitude and
initially closed and SW 2 is open. The 2 sec duration is applied to a pure inductor
inductor L carries a current of 10 A and the of 1 H, with zero initial current, the current
capacitor charged to 10 V with polarities as (in amps) drawn at t = 3 sec will be
indicated. SW2 is closed at t = 0 and SW1 is
opened at t = 0. The current through C and +
the voltage across L at ( t  0 ) is  V (t ) 1H
–
[GATE EE 2007, IIT Kanpur]
SW2 R 2 =10 W
(A) Zero (B) 2
(C) 4 (D) 8
R1 = 10 W
+
SW1 L 10 A C
-
10 V Q.4 In the below shown circuit, the independent
current source generates zero current for t <
0 and a pulse 5te 4t A , for t > 0. At what
(A) 55 A, 4.5 V (B) 5.5 A, 45 V instant of time, will the current attain the
(C) 45 A, 5.5 A (D) 4.5 A, 55 V maximum value in the circuit?
Q.36 In the circuit shown in the figure, the value
of capacitor C (in mF) needed to have i V2 10 mH
critically damped response i(t) is _______.
(A) 0.25 sec (B) 0.5 sec
40 W 4H C
(C) 1 sec (D) 2 sec
V0 . Common Data for Questions 5 & 6 .
i (t ) In the network of the figure the switch K is
open and the network reaches a steady state.
At t = 0, switch K is closed.
Q.10 In the circuit of figure the 12 V source has
been applied for a long time before the
switch is opened at t  0 . At t  10 sec the
iL (t ) current iL is _____________ mA.
t=0
100 W 800 W
Q.5 The current in the inductor for t > 0 is iL
50 50
1 1 t 3 2 t
12 V +_ 1333W 800 W 20 mH
(A)  e 14
(B)  e 14
5 15 5 15
3 1 1450 t 1 1  60 t
(C)  e (D)  e 14 Q.11 In the RL circuit of below figure, if
5 15 5 15
Q.6 The voltage va (t ) for t  0 is vL (0)  12 V .
25 25
t t
(A) 2  0.09e 7
(B) 2  0.09e 7
14 25
t t
(C) 2  0.009e 7 (D) 0.009e 7
Q.7 In the circuit below, the current excitation is
is (t )  4u (t ) A. At t  2 ms the voltage vL is ______ Volt.
400 W
Q.12 In the circuit shown in below figure the
iL (t )
switch is closed at t  0 . The i(t ) for t  0
is (t ) 400 W 32 mH 200 W is
1W t =0
The current iL (t ) for t  0 is
(A) 4e 5000t A (B) 2 e 5000t A
tu (t ) V +
– i (t) 1H
(C) 6  4 e 5000t A (D) 6 e 5000t A
Q.8 For the circuit given in the figure, the
magnitude of the loop current (in amperes, (A) 2e  t A (B) (t  1  e  t ) A
correct to three decimal places) at 0.5
second after closing the switch is ______. (C) 2e  t A (D) (t  1  e  t ) A
1V S 1W Q.13 The network of the below figure reaches a
steady state with the switch k open. At t = 0
switch k is closed. The value of time
1W i (t ) 1H constant will be ___________ sec.
30 W 20 W
Q.9 The time constant of the circuit shown in 20 V k

1
figure at t  0 is ____________ sec. H
2
t=0 i (t )
1W 10 V
1V 1W 1H Q.14 For the circuit in below figure. Find i(t ) for

t  0.
5
(C) i (t )  (1  e t /  ),   3msec
3
5
(D) i (t )  (1  et /  ),   3msec
2
Q.18 A series RC circuit is connected to a DC
voltage source at time t  0 . The relation
between the source voltage VS , the
(A) 2e  2t A (B) 4e  4t A resistance R, the capacitance C, and the
(C) 3e  3t A (D) e  t A current i(t) is given below :
1 t
Q.15 VS  R i(t)   i(u) du
C o
Which one of the following represents the
I current i(t) ?
(A) i(t)
S is closed for a long time and steady state is

reached. S is opened at t  0 . The current I
(as marked in figure) at t  0 is given by
____________ A.
0 t
Q.16 In the circuit shown, the switch closes at t =
(B) i(t)
0. The voltage across 4 F capacitor in
ideal condition is
S
t=0
2 mF 4 mF 24 V 0 t
(C) i(t)
(A) 0 (B) 16 V
(C) 15 V (D) 24 V
Q.17 In the figure shown, the capacitor is initially
uncharged. Which one of the following 0 t
expressions describes the current i(t) (in (D) i(t)
mA) for t > 0?
R1 = 1kW
i (t )
5V R2 = 2 kW C = 1mF
0 t
Q.19 The value of i(t) at t = 1 sec is
1W
v(t )
5 2 +
(A) i (t )  (1  e t /  ),   msec
3 3 1.0
v(t ) i (t ) 1F
5 2 _
(B) i (t )  (1  e t /  ),   msec 0
t
2 3 1
(A) 0.36 A (B) – 0.63 A Q.23 In the given network of below figure. The
(C) 0.63 A (D) – 0.86 A value of I C (t ) and VC (t ) are
Q.20 In the circuit shown in the given figure, S is 2W 1W
open for a long time and steady state is +
I C (t )
reached. S is closed at t  0 . 2u (t )
S 2W 1F VC (t )
u (- t )
-
1W 1W
(A) I C (t )  0.25e  t /2 A, VC (t )  1  0.5e  t /2 V
1F 1W 3W I 8A (B) I C (t )  e  t /2 A, VC (t )  0.5e  t /2 V
(C) I C (t )  0.25e  t /2 A, VC (t )  0.5e  t / 2 V
(D) I C (t )  0 A, VC (t )  0 V
The current I at t  0 is _________ Amp.
Q.21 The switch S in figure is closed at t  0 . If
V2 (0)  10 V and V1 (0)  0 V respectively. In the circuit of below figure. The switch s is
closed at t  0.5 sec .
Voltages across the capacitors in steady state
will be 8W S 4W
V1 (t ) S t = 0.5sec
+ - +
8mF 10 u (t ) 0.05 F VC (t ) 20 V
-
+
V2 (t ) 2mF 1 MΩ
-
Q.24 The value of VC (t ) at t  0.4 sec is ______

Volt.
(A) V2 ()  V1 ()  0 V
Q.25 The value of VC (t ) at t  0.8 sec is ______
(B) V1 ( )  2 V, V2 ()  8 V
Volt.
(C) V2 ()  V1 ()  8 V Q.26 The circuit shown is in steady state before
(D) V2 ()  V1 ()  2 V closing the switch. What is the current i(0 )
Q.22 The voltage and current across the capacitor through the switch if the circuit is closed at
for t  0 are respectively, t 0?
2W 1W
2W
+
I c (t ) 1W 1F
u (-t )
2W 1F Vc (t ) 12 V
u (t ) i(0+ )
1H 1W
-
(A) Vc (t )  0.5e  t / 2 V, I c (t )  0.5(1  e  t / 2 ) A (A)  4 A (B) 0 A

(C) 4 A (D) 12 A
(B) Vc (t )  0.5e  t /2 V, I c (t )  0 A
Q.27 A step voltage is applied to the circuit
(C) Vc (t )  0.5 V, I c (t )  0 A shown below. What is the transient current
(D) Vc (t )  0.5 V, I c (t )  0.5 A response of the circuit?
R s s2
(A) (B)
2W 1H 1F s  s 1
2
s  s 1
2
s2 s 1
(C) 2 (D) 2
s  s 1 s  s 1
(A) Undamped sinusoidal
In the circuit shown below the steady-state
(B) Overdamped
is reached with the switch K open.
(C) Underdamped
Subsequently the switch is closed at time
(D) Critically damped
t  0.
Q.28 In the circuit shown below, the switch is
K 1W
closed at t = 0, what is the initial value of I I2
the current through the capacitor? I1
t=0
1H
2W 2W
5V
1W 1W
1F 10 V
12 V
t=0
L C
Q.31 At time t  0 , current I is
5
(A) 0.8 A (B) 1.6 A (A) A (B) 0 A
3
(C) 2.4 A (D) 3.2 A
5
Q.29 The network shown below is initially at rest. (C) A (D) 
3
What is the initial current I when the switch
dI
S is closed at t  0 ? Q.32 At time t  0 , 2 is
5W
dt
I S
10
t=0 (A)  5 A / s (B) A/s
5W 3
20 V 20 mF (C) 0 A / s (D) 5 A / s
0.1H Q.33 In the circuit shown, the switch is opened at
t  0 . The circuit is
(A) 0 A (B) 5 A 2W 2W 2W
(C) 4 A (D) 20 A t=0
Q.30 The circuit shown in the figure has initial 2W
current I L (0  ) = 1 Amp through the 2V 1H
inductor and an initial voltage 1F

vc (0 )   1 V across the capacitor. For
(A) Critically damped (B) Under-damped
input : v(t) = u(t), the Laplace transform of
(C) Over-damped (D) Undamped
the current i(t) for t  0 will be
Q.34 In the figure shown, the ideal switch has
I L (0- ) 1 W 1H
been open for a long time. If it is closed at
+ t  0 , then the magnitude of the current (in
v(t ) 1F mA) through the 4 kΩ resistor at t  0 is
- ______.
5kΩ 4 kΩ 1kΩ (A) 33.33  e 10t  e 2.5t  V

i (t )
(B) 66.67  e 10t  e 2.5t  V
10 V +
– 10mF 1mH
t =0
(C) 33.33  e 10t  e 2.5t  V
Q.35 The value of i(t) for t  0 is (D) 66.67  e 10t  e 2.5t  V
i (t )
Q.41 For the circuit shown in figure, the switch
20 u (t ) 0.2 F 5H
'K' is closed for a long time and the steady
state condition is reached. At time t  0 , the
(A) 4 A (B) 20(1– sint) A switch 'K' is opened, the current through the
(C) 20sint A (D) 20(1– cost) A inductor will be
Q.36 In the circuit of below figure a steady state t=0
has been established before switch closed. 2W
The V0 (t ) for t  0 is K
10W
10 V 1H 1mF
t =0
+
(A) 5 cos10t A (B) 5cos(100t ) A
3A 5W 10 mF 1H V0
- (C) 5cos(1000t ) A (D) 5cos(10000t ) A
Q.42 In figure the switch was closed for a long
(A) 100te 10t V (B) 200te 10t V time before opening at t  0 . The voltage
(C) 400te 50t V (D) 800te 50t V Vx at t  0 will be
Q.37 The value of i (0 ) and v (0 ) are t=0
respectively
(A) 2 A, 2 V (B) 2 A, 4 V 20 W 2.5 A
(C) 4 A, 2 V (D) 4 A, 4 V
5H
d d
Q.38 The value of i (0 ) and v(0 ) are
dt dt
respectively 20 W
(A) 0 A/s, 0 V/s (B) 50 A/s, 50 V/s - +
Vx
(C) 0 A/s, 50 V/s (D) 50 A/s, 0 V/s
Q.39 The value of i () and v() are (A) 25 V (B) 50 V
respectively (C) – 50 V (D) 0 V
(A) 12 A, 12 V (B) 12 A, 24 V Q.43 For the R - L circuit shown in figure, the
(C) 24 A, 24 V (D) 24 A, 12 V input voltage vi (t )  u (t ) . The current i(t )
Q.40 Refer to the circuit in below figure, find is
v(t ) for t  0 .
i (t ) 1H
vi (t ) 2W
(A) i(t) t=0
5W
0.5 i (t )
0.31
15 V +
_ 5W
10 H
t (sec)
2
5W
(B) i(t)
The current i(t ) , for t  0 is given as
1 (A) i (t )  1.5 e  t /3 A
0.63
(B) i (t )  (3  1.5e 3t ) A
t (sec) (C) i (t )  1.5(1  e  t /3 ) A
1/2
(D) i (t )  (3  1.5e  t /3 ) A
(C) i(t)
After being in the configuration shown for
0.5
0.31 hours, the switch in the circuit of figure is
closed at t  0
t (sec)
1/2 IL
I*
(D) i(t)
1
0.63 Q.46 The value of I L at t  5 sec .
(A) 4.5 mA (B) 1.289 mA
t (sec)
2 (C) 2.289 mA (D) 3.5 mA
Q.44 The circuit shown in figure was at steady Q.47 The value of I * at t  5 sec _______ mA
state for t < 0 with the switch at position Q.48 The switch in the circuit shown was on
‘A’. The switch is thrown to position ‘B’ at position a for a long time, and is moved to
time t  0. The voltage V (volts) across the position b at time t  0 . The current i(t) for
10  resistor at time t  0 is ________. t  0 is given by
10 k a b
2W
i( t)
A
+ 100 V 0.2 F 5 k
10 W V B t =0 5H
- 0.5 F 0.3 F
6V
(A) 0.2e 125t u (t ) mA (B) 20e 1250t u (t ) mA
Q.45 The switch in the circuit of figure has been
(C) 0.2e 1250t u (t ) mA (D) 20e 1000t u (t ) mA
closed for a long time before opening at
t0 Q.49 The switch has been in position 1 for a long
time and abruptly changes to position 2 at
t  0.
3W 1 2 4W 2W
Q.52 The value of diL (0  ) / dt , dvC (0  ) / dt ,
t=0 dvR (0  ) / dt are respectively
10 V 2W 2W 5A
0.1 F VC
(A) 0 A/s, 10 V/s, 0 V/s
(B) 10 A/s, 10 V/s, 10 V/s
If time t is in seconds, the capacitor voltage (C) 0 A/s, 0 V/s, 0 V/s
VC (in volts) for t  0 is given by (D) 0 A/s, 0 V/s, 10 V/s
(A) 4 (1  exp (t / 0.5)) Q.53 The value of iL (), vC (), vR () are
(B) 10  6 exp (t / 0.5) respectively
(C) 4 (1  exp (t / 0.6)) (A) 1 A, 10 V, 10 V
(D) 10  6 exp (t / 0.6) (B) – 1 A, – 10 V, 10 V
(C) 1 A, – 10 V, 10 V
Q.50 In the network shown in the given figure
(D) – 1 A, 10 V, 10 V
there is no initial current through L 2 and no
Q.54 The circuit shown in below figure has been
initial voltage across the C. The switch ‘S’ is
open for a long time before closing at t  0 .
closed at t = 0. The current i L1 in inductor L1
The initial condition is vC (0)  2 V . The
and the voltage Vc across C at t = 0 and vC (t ) for t  0 is
t   will be
S R1 L1 R2 t=0
3 1 +
1H W F vC
1W 1H 2W 4 3 _
1V 1F C 2H L2
(A) 5e  t  7e 3t V (B) 7e  t  5e 3t V
(C)  e  t  3e 3t V (D) 3e  t  e 3t V
I L1 (0  ) I L1 ( ) Vc ( 0  ) Vc ( ) Q.55 The step response of an RLC series circuit is
d 2i (t ) 2di (t )
(A) 1/3 A 1/3 A 2/3 V 2/3 V given by   5i (t )  10,
dt dt
(B) 0 1/3 A 0 1V
di (0 )
(C) 1/3 A 0 2/3 V 0 i (0 )  2,  4 . The i(t ) is
dt
(D) 0 1/3 A 0 2/3 V
(A) 1  e  t cos 4t A (B) 4  2e  t cos 4t A
. Common Data for Questions 51 to 53 . (C) 2  e  t sin 4t A (D) 10  e  t sin 4t A
For the circuit shown in the figure. Q.56 The switch in the figure has been open for a
long time before it closes at t  0 . The
current i(t ) after the switch is closed is
6W 3W
t=0
18 V +
_ i (t ) 12 H
2ix +
_
Q.51 The value of iL (0  ), vC (0  ), vR (0 ) are
ix
respectively
(A) – 3 A, 0 V, 0 V (B) 0 A, 0 V, 0 V (A) (3  5e  0.25t ) A (B) (3  e  4t ) A
(C) 3 A, 3 V, 3 V (D) 3 A, 0 V, 3 V (C) (3  e  0.25t ) A (D) (3  5e  4t ) A
Q.57 In the network of the figure, the switch K is Q.61 The steady state current through the 1 H
in position a for a long period of time. At inductance in the circuit shown in the given
t  0 , the switch K is moved to position b. figure is
The value of v2 (t ) is 1H
1
2H 3A
v2 (t ) 3V
(A) Zero (B) 3 A

(A) 0 V (B) 0  5 e  075t V
(C) 5 A (D) 6 A
(C)  2e  075t V (D)  0  5e  075t V
Q.62 In the circuit shown in figure, the switch is
Q.58 In the circuit shown, switch S2 has been opened at t  0 . i(t) for t  0 is
closed for a long time. At time t = 0 switch 36  24 
S1 is closed. At t = 0+, the rate of change of
current through the inductor, in amperes per 24 V t0
second, is _____.
2H
S1 1W S2
12 V i( t )
2W
3V 1H
(A) (0  6  0  6e 30t ) A
3V
(B) (0  7  0 1e 12t ) A
Q.59 In the below circuit, S was initially open. At (C) (0  5  0 1e 12t ) A
time t  0 . S is closed. When the current
through the inductor is 6 A , the rate of (D) (0  6  0 1e 30t ) A
change of current through the resistor is Q.63 The switch in the circuit has been closed for
6 A/s . The value of the inductor would be a long time. It is opened at t  0 . At t  0 ,
the current through the 1 F capacitor is
1W
t=0
5V 1 mF 4W
(A) 1 H (B) 2 H
(C) 3 H (D) 4 H
Q.60 A voltage v (t )  6 e 2t is applied at t  0 to a (A) 0 A (B) 1 A
series R - L circuit with L  1 H. (C) 1.25 A (D) 5 A
If i(t)  6  exp(2t )  exp(3t ) then R will Q.64 In the circuit shown in the figure, initially
have a value of the capacitor is uncharged. The switch ‘S’ is
2 closed at t  0. Two milliseconds after the
(A)  (B)1  switch is closed, the current through the
3
capacitor (in mA) is __________.
1
(C) 3  (D) 
3
2 kW S (A) 10.5 ohm (B) 8.6 ohm
Ic(t) (C) 3.5 ohm (D) 3 ohm
t=0
Q.69 If i (t )  10 e 2t Amp the voltage of the
5V 2 kW 4μF source of the given circuit, VS is given by
1W 1H
i (t )
Q.65 In the circuit shown, switch is opened at Vs 1W 1F

t  0 . Prior to that switch was closed, i(t ) at
t  0 will be ____________A
S
(A) 10e 2t (B) 20e 2t
(C) 20e 2t (D) 30e2t
2W 2W 1W
Q.70 The nature of current response i(t) for t  0
4V i (t ) C for the network shown is
S
Q.66 3W
4W
t=0
S + +
2 Amp 1 4 W _V 5V 0.5 F i(t) 1H
F
4 -
In the network of the given figure switch S

(A) i(t)
is closed for a long time and steady state is
reached. S is opened at t  0 . The voltage
marked V is V0 at t  0 and V f at t   .
The values of V0 and V f are respectively
(A) 8 V, 8 V (B) 0 V, 1 V
t
(C) 4 V, 0 V (D) 4 V, 8 V
Q.67 A step function voltage is applied to an RLC (B) i(t)
series circuit having R  2  , L = 1 H and
C = 1 F. The transient current response of
the circuit would be
(A) over damped
(B) critically damped
(C) under damped t
(D) over under or critically damped (C)
i(t)
depending upon the magnitude of the
step voltage
Q.68 For the circuit shown in the figure, the value
of R of critical damping will be
t
i 7H 1
R V F
42
(D) i(t)
t

Answer Keys

1. A 2. A 3. 31.25 4. 1.632 5. 8.16
6. B 7. 0.34 8. C 9. 1.27 10. A
11. C 12. C 13. A 14. A 15. A
16. C 17. D 18. C 19. C 20. C
21. 6.99 22. B 23. A 24. 100 25. B
26. A 27. 1.52 28. 1 29. 0.184 30. B
31. D 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. D
36. 10
1. C 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. C
6. A 7. B 8. 0.316 9. 1 10. 8.38
11. – 4.414 12. B 13. 0.025 14. A 15. 3
16. B 17. A 18. A 19. B 20. 3
21. D 22. C 23. A 24. 6.32 25. 15.66
26. B 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. B
31. A 32. B 33. C 34. 1.25 35. D
36. B 37. B 38. D 39. B 40. D
41. C 42. C 43. C 44. – 30 45. C
46. B 47. 7.7 48. B 49. D 50. D
51. A 52. A 53. D 54. C 55. C
56. A 57. D 58. 2 59. B 60. C
61. B 62. D 63. B 64. 1.51 65. 0.66
66. D 67. B 68. B 69. A 70. B
5 Sinusoidal
Steady State Response
Objective & Numerical Ans Type Questions : C
Q.1 The circuit shown in figure, with R  1/ 3  .

L  1/ 4 H, C  3 F has input voltage Vi (t ) R V0 (t )
v(t )  sin 2t . The resulting current i(t ) is
[GATE EC 2004, IIT Delhi]
i (t ) (A)P = 0 and Q = 6/ 5
(B) P = 0 and Q  3 / 5
v(t ) R L C (C) P = 5 and Q  6 / 5
(D) P = 5 and Q = 3
Q.4 The circuit shown below is driven by a
(A) 5sin(2t  53.10 ) (B) 5sin(2t  53.10 ) sinusoidal input vi  V p cos(t / RC ). The
steady state output v0 is
(C) 25sin(2t  53.10 ) (D) 25sin(2t  53.10 )
[GATE EC 2011, IIT Madras]
Q.2 For the circuit shown in figure, the time
C
constant RC  1 ms. The input voltage is R
v1 (t )  2 sin 10 t . The output voltage v0 (t )
3
is equal to [GATE EC 2004, IIT Delhi]

vi R C v0
R
vi (t ) C v0 (t )
(A) (Vp / 3) cos(t / RC )
(B) (V p / 3) sin(t / RC )
(A) sin(103 t  450 ) (B) sin(103 t  450 ) (C) (Vp / 2) cos (t / RC )
(C) sin(103 t  530 ) (D) sin(103 t  530 ) (D) (Vp / 2) cos (t / RC )
Q.3 In the circuit shown in the figure, the input Q.5 The steady state output of the circuit shown
signal is Vi (t )  5  3cos t . The steady state in the figure in given by
y (t )  A() sin (t  ()) .
output is expressed as V0 (t ) 
If the amplitude A()  0.25, then the
P  Q cos(t  ). If CR  2, the values of
P and Q are frequency  is
[GATE EC 2014 (Set - 4), IIT Kharagpur]
[GATE IN 2007, IIT Kanpur]
R The values of A1 and A2 respectively, are
(A) 2.0 and 1.98 (B) 2.0 and 4.20
C y (t )
(C) 2.5 and 3.50 (D) 5.0 and 6.40
sin(wt ) C
Practice (objective & Num Ans) Questions :
C
Q.1 In figure, the steady state output voltage
1 2 corresponding to the input voltage
(A) (B) (3  4sin100 t ) V is
3RC 3RC
(C) 1/ RC (D) 2 / RC 1 kW
Q.6 The time domain behavior of an RL circuit
is represented by
di (t ) Input 10 mF Output
L  Ri  V0 (1  Be Rt / L sin t ) u (t )
dt
V
For an initial current of i  0   0 , the
R 4  
steady state value of the current is given by (A) 3  sin 100 t   V
2  4
[GATE EC 2009, IIT Roorkee]
 
V 2V (B) 3  4 2 sin 100 t   V
(A) i  t   0 (B) i  t   0  4
R R
V 2V 3 4  
(C) i  t   0 1  B  (D) i  t   0 1  B  (C)  sin  100 t   V
R R 2 2  4
Q.7 An inductive load of resistance 20  and  
(D) 3  4sin 100t   V
inductance 0.1 H is switched on to an ac  4
voltage v(t) = 100 sin (t  ) . The Q.2 For the circuit shown below the steady-state
switching angle  such that, there is no current is.
transient at  = 314 rad/s is ______ degree. I
Q.8 Consider the circuit shown in figure. If the
frequency of the source is 50 Hz, then a 1W
-5t
value of t0 which results in a transient free v(t ) = 5 2 e
response is cos(1000)t V
[GATE EE 2002, IISc Bangalore] 1mH 1000 mF
5W 0.01 H
t = t0
(A) 0 A (B) 5 2 cos(1000 t ) A
sin(wt )
 
(C) 5 2 cos  1000 t   A (D) 5 2 A
 4
(A) 0 ms (B) 1.78 ms . Common Data for Questions 3 & 4 .
(C) 2.71 ms (D) 2.91 ms Consider the circuit shown in below figure.
Q.9 The voltage across the capacitor, as shown If the frequency of the source is 50 Hz.
in the figure, is expressed as 10 W 20 mH
Vc (t )  A1 sin(1t  1 )  A2 sin(2t  2 ) t = t0
[GATE EE 2014 (Set - 2), IIT Kharagpur]
cos wt ~
1W 1H
Q.3 The value of t0 which results in a transient

20sin10t Vc (t ) 1F 10sin 5t free response will be
(A) 3.78 msec (B) 4.78 msec
(C) 5.78 msec (D) 6.78 msec
GATE ACADEMY® 59 Sinusoidal Steady State Response
Q.4 If the excitation is replaced by sin(t  100 ) 60 
then t0 of above condition will be

(A) 1.34 msec (B) 2.34 msec
(C) 3.34 msec (D) 4.34 msec 20cos(4t  150 ) 10 mF 5H v0
Q.5 In the network shown in the figure the

switch ‘S’ is closed and a steady state is
attained. If the switch is opened at t = 0, (A) 7.07 cos(10t  600 ) V
then the current i(t) through the inductor will
be (B) 6.06 cos(10t  500 ) V
t=0 2.5 W (C) 5.05cos(10t  500 ) V
S i (t) (D) 4.04 cos(10t  600 ) V
5V 200 mF 0.5 H Q.9 For the circuit given in the figure, the
voltage v(t ) across the capacitor is
1
(A) cos (50 t) A (B) 2 A
(C) 2 cos (100 t) A (D) 2sin (50 t) A 1
Q.6 In the given RC circuit, the current 10 cos t V 1F v(t )
i(t )  2cos5000t A. 1H
i (t )
10 W (A) 6.325cos(t  18.430 ) V

v(t )
20 mF
(B) 6.325cos(t  18.430 ) V
(C) 6.325cos(t  28.430 ) V
The applied voltage v(t ) is (D) 6.325cos(t  28.430 ) V
(A) 28.28cos (5000t  450 ) V Q.10 For the circuit given in the figure, the
(B) 28.28cos (5000t  450 ) V current i (t ) is
5 mF
(C) 28.28sin (5000t  450 ) V i( t ) 10 
(D) 28.28sin (5000t  450 ) V
voltage VC (in volts) across the capacitor is 50 cos 200t V 20 mH
100 kW
(A) 4.789 cos(200t  16.70 ) A

5sin (5t ) V ~ VC 1mF
(B) 2.345cos(200t  16.70 ) A
(C) 2.345cos(200t  16.7 0 ) A
100 kW (D) 4.789 cos(200t  16.7 0 ) A
(A) 1.25 2 sin (5t  0.25 )
voltage v0 (t ) is
(B) 1.25 2 sin (5t  0.125 ) 8
(C) 2.5 2 sin (5t  0.25 )
(D) 2.5 2 sin (5t  0.125 ) 30 sin 5t V v0 0.2 F 1H 2cos10t A
voltage v0 across the capacitor is
(A) 1  2.498cos(2t  30.790 )  2.33sin(5t  100 ) V Q.14 The close loop gain is _______.
(B) 2  3.498cos(2t  30.790 )  4.33sin(5t  100 ) V Q.15 The phase shift (in degree) is _______.
Q.16 Consider the circuit shown in below figure
(C) 3  4.498cos(2t  30.790 )  5.33sin(5t  100 ) V
with vs  6 cos 2t  4sin 4t V .
(D) 1  2.498cos(2t  30.790 )  3.33sin(5t  100 ) V
: Common Data Question 12 and 13 :
0.25 F
Consider the circuit shown in below figure
vs 2 v0
with vs  2 cos 5000t V
10 nF
i0
The value of v0 is
10 k 20 k v0 (A) 1.24 cos(2t  450 )  0.58sin(4t  25.560 ) V
vs
20 nF (B) 2.24 cos(2t  450 )  1.58sin(4t  25.560 ) V
(C) 3.24 cos(2t  450 )  2.58sin(4t  25.560 ) V
(D) 4.24 cos(2t  450 )  3.58sin(4t  25.560 ) V
Q.12 The value of v0 is
(A) 0.445sin 5000t V (B) 0.556sin 5000t V
4 2H
(C) 0.667 sin 5000t V (D) 0.778sin 5000t V
i0
Q.13 The value of i0 is
(A) 66.67 sin 5000t A (B) 56.67 sin 5000t A 10 cos 2t V 0.25 mF 6sin 2t V
(C) 46.67 sin 5000t A (D) 36.67 sin 5000t A
: Common Data Question 14 and 15 :
Consider the circuit shown in below figure The value of i0 is
with   200 rad/sec (A) 1.414 cos(2t  450 ) A (B) 2.414 cos(2t  500 ) A
(C) 2.414 cos(2t  500 ) A (D) 1.414 cos(2t  450 ) A
1 F
2 F 10 k 
10 k
vs
v0
Answer Keys

1. A 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. B
6. A 7. 57.50 8. B 9. A
1. A 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C
6. A 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. D
11. A 12. C 13. A 14. 0.434 15. 130.6
16. D 17. A
6 Phasor
& Locus Diagram
Objective & Numerical Ans Type Questions : Q.4 For the given circuit   3 rad/sec then the
phasor current I will be
Q.1 The source in the circuit shown in a
sinusoidal source. The voltages across
various elements are marked in the figure.
The input voltage is
3V 14 V 10 V
(A) 1900 A (B) 3600 A
(C) 5600 A (D) 2600 A
Vs Q.5 Time domain expression for the voltage

v1 (t) and v 2 (t) are given as
(A) 10 V (B) 5 V
v1 (t)  Vm sin (10 t  1300 ) and
(C) 27 V (D) 24 V
v 2 (t)  Vm cos (10t  100 )
Q.2 For the circuit as shown below, if the current
leads the applied voltage by tan 1 2 , what is Which one of the following statements is
the resistance value in ohm ? TRUE? [GATE IN 2014, IIT Kharagpur]
I R L = 1H
(A) v1 (t) leads v 2 (t) by 1300
C = 0.05 F
vs = V sin 4t V ~ (B) v1 (t) lags v 2 (t) by 1300
(C) v1 (t) lags v 2 (t) by 1300

(A) 0.5 (B) 1.0
(D) v1 (t) leads v 2 (t) by 1300
(C) 2.0 (D) 9.5
Q.6 In the circuit shown, the positive angular
Q.3 In an a.c. series RLC circuit, the voltage
frequency  (in radians per second) at
across R and L is 20 V, voltage across L and
which the magnitude of the phase difference
C is 9 V and voltage across RLC is 15 V.

What is the voltage across C? between the voltages V1 and V2 equals
4
(A) 7 V (B) 12 V radians, is________.
(C) 16 V (D) 21 V [GATE EC 2017 (Set - 01), IIT Roorkee]
V2 Q.9 In the circuit shown below, the supply
voltage is 10 sin(1000t) volts. The peak of
1W 1H
the steady state current through the 1 
100 cos wt 1W V1 resistor, in amperes, is _______.
2 mF
Q.7 Consider the circuit shown in below figure. 4W
If | I1 |  | I 2 |  10 A then which of the
250 mF 1W 500 mH
following is correct? 5W
I1 I2 8A
4 mH
120Ð00 V L R C
10sin(1000 t)
Q.10 A 2-terminal network consists of one of the

8 RLC elements. The elements is connected to
(A) I1 will lead by tan 1 , I 2 will lag by
6 an a.c. supply. The current through the
8 element is I A. When an inductor is inserted
tan 1 in series between the source and the
6
element, the current through the element
6
(B) I1 will lead by tan 1 , I will lag by becomes 2I A. What is this element?
8 2
6 (A) A resistor
tan 1
8 (B) An inductor
8 (C) A capacitor
(C) I1 will lag by tan 1 , I 2 will lead by
6 (D) Can not be a single element
8
tan 1 Q.11 A series R-L-C circuit is excited with a 50
6 V, 50 Hz sinusoidal source. The voltages
6 across the resistance and the capacitance are
(D) I1 will lag by tan 1 , I 2 will lead by
8 shown in the figure. The voltage across the
6 inductor (VL ) is ______V.
tan 1
8 [GATE IN 2017, IIT Roorkee]
Q.8 In the circuit shown, if the power consumed R L C
by the 5  resistor is 10 W, then the power
VR = 50 V VL = ? VC = 50 V
factor of the circuit is
50 V
5W L 10 W 50 Hz
V = 50 cos wt I Q.12 A series RC circuit is excited by a 100 V

sinusoidal ac voltage source. The locus
diagram of the phasor current I  ( x  jy )
(A) 0.8 (B) 0.6 A, when C is varied, while keeping R fixed,
(C) 0.4 (D) 0.2 is [GATE IN 2018, IIT Guwahati]
GATE ACADEMY® 63 Phasor & Locus Diagram
+jy
(A) (A)
Im
Re
+jy
(B) w
x
(B)
Im
+jy
(C)
Re
x
w
+jy
(D) (C)
Im
w
Q.13 A fix capacitor of reactance  j 0.02  is
Re
connected in parallel across a series
combination of fixed inductor of reactance
j 0.01  and variable resistor R. As R is (D)
varied from 0 to  the locus diagram of Im
admittance for this circuit will be :
[GATE EE 1999, IIT Bombay]
(A) A semicircle of diameter j100 and centre w
at origin.
(B) A semicircle of diameter j50 and center Re
at origin.
(C) A straight line inclined at an angle. Q.15 When the angular frequency  in the figure
(D) A straight line parallel to x-axis. valid from 0 to  , the locus of current
Q.14 The R-L-C series circuit shown is supplied phasor I 2 is given by
from a variable frequency voltage source.
The admittance – locus of the R-L-C [GATE EC 2001, IIT Kanpur]
network at terminals AB for increasing
frequency  is i (t )
[GATE EE 2007, IIT Kanpur]
i1 (t ) i2 (t )
Em cos wt R1 R2
B
(A) 0.25 H 100 mF
w=0 I2
2W
w=¥ 0.4 H 10 mF
vi (t ) v0 (t )
Em Em E = Em Ð00 2W
2 R2 2 R2
(A) cos (200t )  2sin (500t )

(B) (B) 2cos (200t )  4sin (500t )
Em
w=0 E = Em Ð00 (C) sin (200t )  2cos (500t )
2 R2 (D) 2sin (200t )  4cos (500t )
Q.2 For the network shown, if the current
Em I2 i (t )  2 sin (t  300 ), then what is the
2 R2
value of R?
w=¥ j1 W
R
(C)
i (t )
I2
V Ð00
w=0 w=¥
(A) 1  (B) 3 
Em Em Em E = Em Ð00 (C) 3  (D) 3 3 
R1 2 R2 2 R2
Q.3 For the AC circuit as shown below, if the
rms voltage across the resistor is 120 V,
(D) what is the value of the inductor?
Em E = Em Ð00
R1 w=0 1kW
v = 150 2 sin 500 t V ~
Em L
2 R2
(A) 0.5 H (B)0.6 H

Em I2 (C)1.0 H (D)1.5 H
2 R2
Q.4 For the current in branch AB shown in
w=¥ figure, the voltage Vin is
Practice (objective & Num Ans) Questions : [GATE IN 1998, IIT Delhi]
(30 + j40)
Q.1 In the RLC circuit shown in the figure, the
(5 + j0)
input voltage is given by (30 – j40)
vi (t )  2 cos (200t )  4 sin (500t ) .
The output voltage v0 (t ) is
[GATE EC 2016 (Set - 03), IISc Bangalore]
GATE ACADEMY® 65 Phasor & Locus Diagram
(A) 55 V (B) 110 V I X L = 2R
R
(C) 56 V (D) 90 V
V2
Q.5 The voltage applied to a circuit is
Vs R1 V1
100 2 cos (100t) volts and the circuit
draws a current of 10 2 sin (100t   /4)
amperes. Taking the voltage as the reference Q.8 The total impedance of the circuit is
phasor, the phasor representation of the (A) (10  j10)  (B) (8  j 6) 
current in amperes is 1
(C) (8  j8)  (D) (10  j10) 
[GATE EE 2011, IIT Madras] 2
(A) 10 2  /4 (B) 10   /4 Q.9 The magnitude of voltage V2 is equal to
(C) 10   /4 (D) 10 2  /4 (A) 66 V (B) 224 V
Q.6 A resistance and a coil are connected in (C) 100 V (D) 134 V
series and supplied from a single phase, 100 Q.10 In the following circuit, voltage V across
V, 50 Hz ac source as shown in the figure the capacitor is
below. The rms values of plausible voltage 30Ð00 V 1W
across the resistance (VR ) and coil (VC )
respectively, in volts, are
1W 20Ð00 A - j1 W V
VR
(A) 2  j 20 V (B) 10  j 20 V
VS VC
(C) 2  j 4 V (D) 10  j 4 V
Q.11 A DC voltage source is connected to a series
L-C circuit by turning on the switch S at
(A) 65, 35 (B) 50, 50
time t = 0 as shown in the figure. Assume
(C) 60, 90 (D) 60, 80 i (0)  0, v(0)  0 . Which one of the
Q.7 Three currents i1, i2 and i3 meet at a node as following circular loci represents the plot of
shown in the figure below. If i1  3cos ( t) i(t) versus v(t) ?
[GATE EE 2018, IIT Guwahati]
ampere, i2  4sin ( t) ampere and
S i (t )
i3  I 3 cos (t  ) ampere, the value of I 3
in ampere is ________. t=0 L = 1H
+
[GATE IN 2016, IISc Bangalore] 5V +
–
C =1 F
-
v (t )
i1 i2
i3 (A) i(t)

In the circuit shown in figure, magnitude of v(t)
voltages and current are given as 5
Vs  200 V , V1  100 V and I  20 A
(B) i(t) (B) (3.22  j11.07) 
(C) (1.22  j 7.07) 
(D) (1.22  j 7.07) 
5
v(t)
Q.13 Assume that the circuit operates at
  10 rad/sec . The input impedance of the
circuit shown in below figure is ______ .
(C) i(t) 2 mF
20  2H
5
v(t) Z in 4 mF 50 
(D) i(t) Q.14 The output impedance of the circuit shown

in below figure is
 j2 
5 10 
v(t)
V0
0.2V0 j 40 
Q.12 Assume that the circuit operates at
  50 rad/sec . The input impedance of the
circuit shown in below figure is (A) (6  j 38)  (B) (6  j 38) 
2 mF
0.2 H (C) (38  j 6)  (D) (38  j 6) 
3 
Z in 8
10 mF
(A) (3.22  j11.07) 
Answer Keys

1. B 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. A
6. 1 7. C 8. B 9. 1 10. C
11. 50 12. A 13. A 14. B 15. A
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. A
6. D 7. 5 8. B 9. D 10. C
11. B 12. A 13. 80.55 14. A
7 Resonance
Objective & Numerical Ans Type Questions : 10 W

4H 1F
Q.1 A series RLC circuit with R  10 Ω, 1F

|X L |  20  and |X C |  20  is connected
across an ac supply of 200 Vrms. The rms
voltage across the capacitor is (A) All frequencies (B) 0.5 rad/sec
(A) 200  900 V (B) 200900 V (C) 5 rad/sec (D) 1 rad/sec
Q.5 Two series resonant filters are as shown in
(C) 400900 V (D) 400  900 V the figure. Let the 3 - dB bandwidth of filter
Q.2 A series RLC circuits has a bandwidth of 1 be B1 and that of filter 2 be B 2 . The value
300 rad/sec at a resonant frequency of 3000 B1
of is [GATE IN 2007, IIT Kanpur]
rad/sec. When exited by a voltage source of B2
100 V. The inductance of the coils is 0.1 H.
C1 L1
The value of R and the voltage across C are,
respectively + +
(A) 10  and 100 V Vi R V0

_ _
(B) 30  and 100 V
(C) 30  and 1000 V Filter 1
L1
(D)300  and 1000 V C2 = 4C1 L2 =
4
Q.3 The resonant frequency for the given circuit + +
will be [GATE EE 2007, IIT Kanpur] Vi R V0
0.1 H _ _
1F 1W Filter 2
(A) 4 (B) 1
(A) 1 rad/s (B) 2 rad/s (C) 1 (D) 1
2 4
(C) 3 rad/s (D) 4 rad/s
Q.6 The parallel circuit shown in figure is in
Q.4 The following circuit (figure) resonates at resonance. For this circuit
[GATE EE 1993, IIT Bombay] [GATE EC 1998, IIT Delhi]
Q.10 In the circuit shown V is a sinusoidal voltage
source. The current I is in phase with
voltage V. The ratio
Amplitude of voltage across the capacitor
(A) |I R |  1 mA (B) |I R  I L |  1 mA Amplitude of voltage across the resistor
is _____.
(C) |I R  IC | 1 mA (D) |I R  IC | 1 mA
[GATE EC 2017 (Set - 02), IIT Roorkee]
Q.7 The r.m.s. value of the current i(t) in the
5W 5H I
circuit shown below is
R L
[GATE EE 2011, IIT Madras]
1F 1H V 5F
1W
Q.11 A series R-L-C circuit is excited with an a.c.
i (t ) voltage source. The quality factor (Q) of the
1W circuit is given as Q  30 . The amplitude of
(1.0sin t ) V current in ampere at upper half-power
frequency will be _________.
1 1
(A) A (B) A [GATE IN 2017, IIT Roorkee]
2 2 R(W) L = 10 mH
(C) 1 A (D) 2 A
Q.8 A series LCR circuit is operated at a 15 V 4 mF
frequency different from its resonant
frequency. The operating frequency is such
that the current leads the supply voltage. The Q.12 The voltage v(t) across the terminals a and b
magnitude of current is half the value at as shown in the figure, is a sinusoidal
resonance. If the values of L, C and R are 1 voltage having a frequency  = 100
H, 1 F and 1  , respectively, the operating radian/s. When the inductor current i(t) is in
angular frequency (in rad/s) is __________. phase with the voltage v(t), the magnitude of
the impedance Z (in ) seen between the
[GATE EC 2014 (Set-02), IIT Kharagpur]
terminals a and b is ________ (up to 2
Q.9 The figure shows an RLC circuit with a
decimal places).
sinusoidal current source.
IR IL IC
i (t )
I m sin wt R = 10 W L = 10 mH C = 10 mF v(t ) a
L
Z 100 mF 100 W
At resonance, the ratio I L / I R , i.e., the
ratio of the magnitudes of the inductor b
current phasor and the resistor current Q.13 In the circuit shown below
phasor, is __________. (v1  v2 )  [1sin(210000t )  1sin(2 30000t )]V.
[GATE EC 2016 (Set - 02), IISc Bangalore] The RMS value of the current through the
GATE ACADEMY® 69 Resonance
resistor R will be minimum if the value of Q.17 In the circuit shown in figure, what value of
the capacitor C in microfarad is _______. C will cause a unity power factor at the ac
[GATE IN 2016, IISc Bangalore] source? [GATE EE 2002, IISc Bangalore]
100μH 100μH
v1 + v2
R 230 V
50 Hz
~ C ZL = 30Ð400
I
C 2.53μF
Q.14 A symmetrical square wave of 50% duty has (A) 68.1 μF (B) 165 μF
amplitude of 15V and time period of (C) 0.68 μF (D) 6.81 μF
0.4 ms . This square wave is applied across
Q.18 In the circuit shown below, VS  1010 V,
a series RLC circuit with R  4 ,
R  10  and L  100  . The current I S is
L  10 mH and C  4 F . The amplitude at
in phase with VS . The magnitude of I S in
5000 rad/sec of the capacitor voltage (in
volt) is _____. milliampere is _________.
L C [GATE IN 2016, IISc Bangalore]
IS
+ R R
–
VS C
Q.15 The circuit below is excited by a sinusoidal L
source. The value of R in  , for which the
admittance of the circuit becomes a pure
Q.19 The voltage across coil in volts under
conductance at all frequencies is
resonance condition is ________.
__________.
0.5  1H 1F
100 mF R
0.02 H R 2V

Q.16 The value of the capacitance C in the given
ac circuit to make it a constant resistance Q.1 Consider the following statements regarding
circuit or for the supply current to be the situation at resonant frequency :
independent of its frequency is 1. For a series RLC circuit, current is
minimum.
1H C
V 2. For a series RLC circuit, voltage across
4W 4W C is minimum.
3. For a series RLC circuit, current is
1 1 maximum.
(A) F (B) F
16 12
4. For a parallel RLC circuit, total
1 1
(C) F (D) F impedance is maximum.
8 4
Of the statements Q.6 Consider the following circuit
(A) 1 and 2 are correct R
(B) 2 and 3 are correct
(C) 3 and 4 are correct
w L C
(D) 1 and 4 are correct
Q.2 For a series RLC resonant circuit, which one
of the following gives the impedances at the For what value of  , the circuit shown
lower and upper half power frequencies, above exhibits unity power factor?
respectively? 1 1
(A) (B)
(A) 2 R 45 ; 2 R   450 LC [ LC  R 2C 2 ]
 1    1  1 1
 R   45 ;   R 45
0
(B)  (C) (D)
 2  2 [ LC  R C ]
2 2 RC

(C) R 45 ; R   45 0
Q.7 If a series RLC circuit resonant at 1.5 kHz

(D) 2 R   45 ; 2 R 45 0 and consumes 100 watts from a 100 volts
a.c. source operating at resonant frequency
Q.3 The low-frequency circuit impedance and
with a bandwidth of 0.75 kHz; the values of
the high-frequency circuit impedance for a
R, L and Q-factor of the circuit are
series resonant circuit respectively are
respectively
(A) Capacitive and inductive
0.2 0.1
(B) Inductive and capacitive (A) 100 , H, 2 (B) 50 , H, 4
3 2
(C) Resistive and inductive
(D) Capacitive and resistive 2 0.3
(C) 100 , H, 1 (D) 50 , H, 3
Q.4 The resonant frequency for the circuit 3 2
L Q.8 The circuit comprises a coil of resistance R
and inductance L, in parallel with an ideal
capacitor C. At the resonant frequency, the
C R
impedance of the parallel combination is
LC
(A) R (B)
For L  0.2 H, R  1 and C  1F, is R
(A) 1 rad/s (B) 2 rad/s L
(C) (D) 
(C) 3 rad/s (D) 4 rad/s RC
Q.5 A series R-L-C circuit is connected to a 25 V Q.9 A series RLC circuit has R = 50 Ω ,
source of variable frequency. The circuit L  100 μH and C  1 μF. The lower half
current is found to be a maximum of 0.5 A power frequency of the circuit is
at a frequency of 400 Hz and the voltage [GATE EE 2002, IISc Bangalore]
across C is 150 V. Assuming ideal (A) 30.55 kHz (B) 3.055 kHz
components, the values of R and L are (C) 51.92 kHz (D) 1.92 kHz
respectively Q.10 A series R-L-C circuit has a Q of 100 and an
(A) 50  and 300 mH impedance of (100  j0)  at its resonant
(B) 12.5 and 0.119 H angular frequency of 107 radians/sec. The
(C) 50  and 0.119 H values of R in ohm and L in mH are
(D) 12.5 and 300 mH [GATE EC 1995, IIT Kanpur]
GATE ACADEMY® 71 Resonance
(A) 100, 1 (B) 10, 1 Q.13 A capacitor ‘C’ is to be connected across the
(C) 100, 10 (D) 10, 10 terminals ‘A’ and ‘B’ as shown in the figure
Q.11 A series RLC circuit when excited by a 10 V so that the power factor of the parallel
sinusoidal voltage source of variable combination becomes unity. The value of
frequency, exhibits resonance at 100 Hz and the capacitance required in μF is _______.
has a 3 dB bandwidth of 5 Hz. The voltage [GATE IN 2014, IIT Kharagpur]
across the inductor L at resonance is
[GATE EE 1999, IIT Bombay]
(A) 10 V (B) 10 2 V
(C) 10/ 2 V (D) 200 V

Q.12 In the circuit shown in the figure, the
angular frequency  (in rad/s), at which the
Norton equivalent impedance as seen from
terminals b-b’ is purely resistive, is
_________.
1F
1W
b
10 cos wt 0.5 H
(Volts)
b’
Answer Keys

1. D 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. D
6. D 7. B 8. 0.46 9. 14.14 10. 0.2
11. 6.36 12. 50 13. 100 14. 0.316 15. 14.14
16. A 17. A 18. 100 19. 4.47
1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C
6. B 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. A
11. D 12. 2 13. 1.87

8 Complex
Power
Objective & Numerical Ans Type Questions : . Common Data for Questions 3 & 4 .
The input voltage given to a converter is
Q.1 The voltages across the circuit in the figure,
[GATE EE 2011, IIT Madras]
and the current through it are given that the
following expressions : vi  100 2 sin(100 t )V
Vi (t )  5  10 cos(t  600 ) The current drawn by the converter is

ii  10 2 sin 100 t   / 3 
and ii (t )  5  X cos(t )
5 2 sin  300 t   / 4   2 2 sin  500 t   / 6  
Where   100 rad/sec . If the average
power delivered to the circuit is zero then Q.3 The active power drawn by the converter is
the value of X is _____________ (upto two (A) 181 W (B) 500 W
decimal places) (C) 707 W (D) 887 W
[GATE EE 2018, IIT Guwahati] Q.4 The input power factor of the converter is
ii(t) (A) 0.31 (B) 0.44
+ (C) 0.5 (D) 0.71
Q.5 An AC source of RMS voltage 20 V with
Electric
Vi(t)
Circuit
internal impedance Zs  (1  2j)  feeds a
load of impedance ZL  (7  4j)  in the
– figure below.
Q.2 The voltage (V) and current (A) across a Z s = (1 + 2 j ) W
load are as follows.
v(t )  100sin (t ) 20Ð00 V Z L = (7 + 4 j ) W
i(t )  10sin (t  600 )  2sin (3t )  5sin (5t )
The average power consumed by the load, in The reactive power consumed by the load is
W, is ________. [GATE EC 2009, IIT Roorkee]
(A) 8 VAR (B) 16 VAR
(C) 28 VAR (D) 32 VAR
GATE ACADEMY® 73 Complex Power
. Common Data for Questions 6 & 7 . Q.10 For the network shown in the figure below,
An RLC circuit with relevant data is given the apparent power supplied by the source is
below. [GATE EE 2011, IIT Madras]
40 W
IS 100Ð00 V j 50 W
I RL IC V S =1Ð0 V (rms) - j 30 W
R
I S = 2 Ðp / 4 A
VS C I RL = 2 Ð - p / 4 A (A) 160 VA (B) 80 VA
L
(C) 240 VA (D) 178.8 VA
Q.11 The total power dissipated in the circuit,
Q.6 The power dissipated in the resistor R is shown in the figure, is 1 kW.
(A) 0.5 W (B) 1 W [GATE EE 2014 (Set-02), IIT Kharagpur]
(C) 2 W (D) 2 W Xc XL
10A 2A 1W 1 R
Q.7 The current I C in the figure above is
1 Load
(A)  j2 A (B)  j A ac source
Xc
V 200 V
2 2
1
(C)  j A (D)  j2 A The voltmeter, across the load, reads 200 V.
2
the value of X L is __________.
Q.8 Vs  5cos t and the complex power drawn is
Q.12 A 230 V rms source supplies power to two
3
Pcomplex   2 j , the value of R and L loads connected in parallel. The first load
2
draws 10 kW at 0.8 leading power factor
respectively will be
and the second one draws 10 kVA at 0.8
R
lagging power factor. The complex power
delivered by the source is
Vs L [GATE EC 2014, IIT Kharagpur]
(A) (18 + j1.5) kVA (B) (18 – j1.5) kVA
(C) (20 +j1.5) kVA (D) (20 – j1.5) kVA
3 4 16 16 . Statement for Linked Questions 13 & 14 .
(A)  and H (B)  and H
5 5 3 5 In the circuit shown, the three voltmeter
(C) 4 and 3 H (D) 3 and 4 H readings are V1  220 V, V2  122 V,
Q.9 The voltage applied to the circuit shown in V3  136 V . [GATE EE 2012, IIT-Delhi]
figure is vs (t )  12 5 cos(4t ) V . The R I
complex power delivered by the source will
V2 RL
be
Load
4W V1 V3
X
vs (t ) 8W 2H
Q.13 The power factor of the load is
(A) 0.45 (B) 0.50
(C) 0.55 (D) 0.60
(A) 36  j18VA (B) 36  j18VA
Q.14 If RL  5  , the approximate power
(C) 18  j9VA (D) 18  j9VA
consumption in the load is
(A) 700 W (B) 750 W the capacitor that is to be connected in series
(C) 800 W (D) 850 W should have a value of
Q.15 In the circuit shown below the average (A) 43.7 F (B) 4.37 F
power consumed by the 1  resistor is (C) 437 F (D) 4.37 mF
[GATE IN 2008, IISc Bangalore] Q.5 A voltage of V  100300 V is applied to
an impedance Z  (3  j 4)  . Which one of
1W the following is the power triangle?
10 2 sin(1000t )V
(A)
100 2 cos(3000t )V 1mH
(A) 50 W (B) 1050 W

(B)
(C) 5000 W (D) 10100 W
Q.1 An a.c. source of 200 V r.m.s. supplies an

active power of 1200 W and a reactive
(C)
power of 1600 VAR to a load. The r.m.s.
current and the power factor of the load
respectively are
(A) 10 A and 0.6 (B) 8 A and 0.8
(C) 10 A and 0.8 (D) 8 A and 0.6
Q.2 If the source of 200 V rms supplies active (D)
power of 600 W and reactive power of 800
VAR. The rms current drawn from the
source is
(A) 10 A (B) 5 A
(C) 3.75 A (D) 2.5 A Q.6 For an a.c. circuit, if v(t )  160sin(t  10 )
0
Q.3 The reactive power drawn from the source

and i(t )  5sin(t  200 ) , the reactive power
in the network shown in the given figure is
absorbed by the circuit is
3Ω j10 Ω − j10 Ω
(A) 100 VAR (B) 200 VAR
(C) 300 VAR (D) 400 VAR
Q.7 An inductor L, 5  and 10  resistors are
100 V
all connected in series across a voltage
source v(t)  50cos ωt volt. If the power
(A) 300 VAR (B) 200 VAR consumed by the 5  resistor is 10 W, then
(C) 100 VAR (D) zero the power factor of the circuit is
Q.4 A resistance R in  and inductance L in (A) 0.3 (B) 0.4
Henry are connected across 240 V, 50 Hz (C) 0.6 (D) 0.8
supply. Power dissipated in the circuit is 300 Q.8 A single-phase ac voltage source has 200 V
W and the voltage across R is 100 V. In rms and a system connected consumes an
order to improve the power factor to unity, active power of 300 W. What is the reactive
power consumed by the system if 2.5 A rms 50 cos  tvoltage source. If the power
current is drawn? consumed by the 5  resistor is 10 W, the
(A) 100 VAR (B) 200 VAR power factor of the circuit is
(C) 300 VAR (D) 400 VAR (A) 1.0 (B) 0.8
Q.9 The power consumed by a coil is 300 W (C) 0.6 (D) 0.4
when connected to a 30 V dc source and 108 . Statement for Linked Questions 15 & 16 .
W when connected to a 30 V ac source. The
A coil having an inductance (L) of 10 mH
reactance of the coil is
and resistance R is connected in series with
(A) 3  (B) 4 
an ideal 100 F capacitor (C). When excited
(C) 5  (D) 6.67 
by a voltage source of value of
Q.10 A voltage of 100 V is applied to an
10 2 cos(1000 t ) V , the series RLC circuit
impedance of Z  (3  j 4)  . What are the
draws 20 W of power.
values of active power, reactive power and
Q.15 The value of the coil resistance R is
volt-amperes respectively?
[GATE IN 2010, IIT Guwahati]
(A) 1200 W, 1200 VAR and 2000 VA
(A) 1  (B) 2 
(B) 1600 W, 1600 VAR and 2200 VA
(C) 1200 W, 1600 VAR and 2000 VA (C) 4  (D) 5 
(D) 1600 W, 1200 VAR and 2200 VA Q.16 The Q-factor of the coil at an angular
Q.11 The voltage across an impedance Z is frequency of 1000 rad /s is
100150 V and the current through Z is [GATE IN 2010, IIT Guwahati]
20  450 A . The active and the reactive (A) 1 (B) 2
powers in Z respectively are (C) 4 (D) 5
(A) 1000 W and 1732 VAR . Common data Question for 17 and 18 .
(B) 500 W and 1732 VAR
Consider the circuit shown below.
(C) 1000 W and 6000 VAR
(D) 500 W and 6000 VAR
Q.12 The current i ( t ) through a 10  resistor in
2sin(5t ) V cos(5t ) A
series with an inductance is given by
i(t )  3  4sin (100t  450 )
4sin (300t  600 )A Q.17 The current i(t ) through the capacitor is
The RMS value of the current and the power [GATE IN 2011, IIT Madras]
dissipated in the circuit are respectively (A) sin(5 t ) A (B) cos (5 t ) A
(A) 5 A and 150 W (B) 11 A and 250 W (C) sin (5 t  450 ) A (D) 1 A
(C) 5 A and 250 W (D) 11 A and 150 W Q.18 The average total power delivered by the
Q.13 A voltage v(t )  173sin(314  100 ) is two sources is
applied to a circuit. It causes a current flow [GATE IN 2011, IIT Madras]
described by i (t )  14.14sin(314t  200 ) (A) 1 W (B) 0.5 W
The average power delivered is nearly (C) 2 W (D) 4 W
(A) 2500 W (B) 2167 W Q.19 The average power delivered to an
(C) 1500 W (D) 1060 W impedance (4  j3)  by a current
Q.14 Two resistors of 5 and 10  and an 5cos(100t  100) A is
inductor L are connected in series across a [GATE EC/EE/IN 2012, IIT Delhi]
(A) 44.2 W (B) 50 W : Common Data Question 24 and 25 :
(C) 62.5 W (D) 125 W
Consider the power system shown below,
Q.20 Consider the following statements S1 and
S2 for the circuit shown in figure.
240 V rms, 50 Hz
Vx 10 W
+ –
10 W j100 W
200Ð0 V 0
+ + 9 Vx
– –
(rms)
80  j 50 
S1 : The independent source is supplying

120  j 70 
200 W
S2 : The dependent source is supplying
180 W 60  j 0 
Which of the above statements is/are true?
Q.24 The total complex power is
(A) S1 only (B) S2 only
(A) (1.8  j 0.11) kVA
(C) Both S1 and S2 (D) Neither S1 nor S 2
(B) (1.8  j 0.11) kVA
Q.21 In the following circuit V0 is
(C) (2.8  j1.11) kVA
+
(D) (2.8  j1.11) kVA
16 kW 20 kW
6Ð0 A
0
V0 Q.25 The power factor is
0.9 pf lagging 0.8 pf lagging
(A) 0.998 (leading)
–
(B) 0.998 (lagging)
(A) 7.132.290 kV (B) 42.5932.290 kV
(C) 0.889 (leading)
(C) 38.4924.390 kV (D) 38.4932.290 kV
(D) 0.889 (lagging)
Q.22 The average real power in watts delivered to
Q.26 For the network in figure, assume that the
a load impedance Z L  (4  j 2)  by an port impedance is
ideal current source i(t )  4sin (t  200 ) A R
Z ab    tan 1 RC
is _________. 1  R C
2 2 2
[GATE IN 2014, IIT Kharagpur]

The average power consumed by the
Q.23 For the circuit, shown in the figure, the total
network when R  10 k, C  200 nF and
real power delivered by the source to the
loads is _____kW. i  2sin(377t  220 ) mA is _______ mW.
[GATE IN 2017, IIT Roorkee] i
I 2 = 5Ð30 A 0 a
I
I1 = 5Ð00 A Linear
+ network v
Load-1
Load-2
200Ð0 V 0
50 Hz –
b

Answer Keys

1. 10 2. 250 3. B 4. B 5. B
6. B 7. D 8. D 9. A 10. D
11. 17.34 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. B
1. A 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. B
6. B 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. C
11. A 12. C 13. D 14. C 15. D
16. B 17. A 18. A 19. B 20. A
21. A 22. 32 23. 1.866 24. B 25. A
26. 12.75
9 Magnetic Coupling
Q.1 Consider network shown in below figure. For maximum power transfer to 5  .
45 W
n :1
5W
The value of n is ________.

Ans. 3
Sol.
45 W 45 W
n :1
5W RL ' = 5n 2
RL ' = 5n 2
For maximum power transfer, RL '  RS  45 
5n 2  45  n3
Q.2 Consider the network shown in below figure.
3W
I1 1: 2 I2
10Ð600 V 8W
The value of I1 and I 2 are respectively
(A) 2600 A, 1600 A

(B) 2600 A, 2600 A
(A) 1600 A, 1600 A
(B) 1600 A, 2600 A
GATE ACADEMY® 79 Magnetic Coupling
Ans. A
Sol.
3W
I1 1: 2 I2
10Ð600 8W
2
æ1ö
Rin = n 2 RL = ç ÷ ´ 8 = 2 W
è2ø
Rin' = 3 + 2 = 5 W
I1 2
 [From figure]
I2 1
1
Given : n :1  1: 2  n
2
10600 10600
I1    2600 A Ans.
Rin 5
I1
I2   1600 A Ans.
2
Q.3 The power being dissipated in 400  resistor is
1W 4W
1: 2 1: 5
10Vrms 48 W 400 W
(A) 3 W (B) 6 W (C) 9 W (D) 12 W

Ans. (C)
Sol.
1W I1 I2 4W I3
1: 2 1: 5 I rms
10Vrms V1 V2 V3 48 W V4 Vrms 400 W
P400   I rms
2
R or P400   Vrms
2
/R
1W I1 I2 4W I3 I4
1: 2 1: 5 I rms
10Vrms V1 V2 V3 48 W V4 Vrms 400 W
RL 3 RL 2 RL1
æ1ö
2 = 4 + (48 || 16) æ1ö
2
= ç ÷ ´ 16 = 16 W = ç ÷ ´ 400
è2ø è5ø
=4W = 16 W
From current (Method 1) :
10
I1  2 A
5
I1 2
  I2  1 A
I2 1
I 2 (48)
I3   0.75 A
48  16
I3 5
  I 4  0.15 A  I rms
I4 1
 P  I rms
2
 400
P  152  400  9 W
From voltage (Method 2) :
10  4 V 2
V1   8 V and 2   V2  16 V
4 1 V1 1
V2 12 16 12
V3    12 V
12  4 12  4
V2 1
  V4  60 V  Vrms
V4 5
2
Vrms 602
 P   9W
R 400
Q.4 Determine the voltage V0 from the given below figure.
(A) 0.6900 V (B) 0.6600 V (C) 0.3900 V (D) 0.3300 V

Ans. A
Sol. Converting magnetic coupled network into T-network
4W j7
j4
j6 j1 10 W V0 = 10 I 3
I3
I1
j 6  (4  j 7) I1  j1( I1  I 3 )
(4  j 7  j1) I1  jI 3  j 6
(4  j8) I1  jI 3  j 6 …. (i)
j1( I 3  I1 )  j 4 I 3  10 I 3  0
 jI1  ( j1  j 4  10) I 3  0
 jI1  (10  5 j ) I 3  0 … (ii)
(10  5 j ) I 3
From (ii), I1 
j
(4  j8) (10  5 j ) I 3  jI 3
  j6
j
(40  20 j  80 j  40  1) I 3   6
6
I3   0.06 j
1  100 j
 V0  10 I 3  0.6 j  0.6900
Q.5 The value of Z eq for a given below figure is
10 W j10 2W
j18 j 20
Þ Z eq - j6
j4
(A) 11.2  j11.2  (B) 11.2  j11.2  (C) 15.5  j15.5  (D) 15.5  j15.5 
Ans. B
10 W j8 j10 2W
10 + j8 2 + 10 j
j10
Þ Z eq - j6 Þ j14 - j6
j4
Z eq   (2  10 j  j 6) || j14  10  j8
(2  4 j )14 j
Z eq   10  j8  11.2  j11.2 
2  18 j
. Common Data Questions for 6 and 7 .
A coupled network is shown in the figure.
2+ j j3 A
100Ð00 5 + j2 5 + j8 ZL
I1
B
Q.6 For maximum power transfer, the load impedance Z L should be
(A) 9.69  51.10  (B) 9.69   51.10 
(C) (6.09  j 7.54)  (D) Either (B) or (C)
Ans. D
Q.7 Maximum Power transferred will be
(A) 10 W (B) 20 W
(C) 63.5 W (D) 40 W
Ans. C
5- j 5 + j5
2+ j A
100Ð00 j3 ZL
ZTH :
5 + j5
7W A
j3 Ü ZTH
ZTH  (7 || j 3)  5  j 5  6.08  7.53 j

ZTH  9.6851.06
VTH :
VTH
7W
100Ð00 j3 VTH
j3
VTH  10000 
7  j3
300900
VTH   39.4266.810
7  j3
 Network is replaced by
6.08 + 7.53 j A
39.42Ð66.81 ZL
B
For maximum power transfer,
Z L  ZTH
*
 6.08  7.53 j or 9.68  51.06
 VTH2 
 max
P   40 W  Not applicable case of complex circuit
 4ZTH 
39.4266.810
I  I  3.2466.81
12.16
2
 Pmax  I Z L  3.242  6.08  63.8 W
Q.8 The inductance matrix of a system of two mutually coupled inductors shown in figure (a) is given by
 5  4
L  [ESE EE 2002]
 4 7 
figure (a) figure (b)

When the inductors are connected as shown in figure (b), the equivalent inductance of the system is
given by
(A) 20 H (B) 4 H (C) 16 H (D)8 H
Ans. (A)
Sol. Given :
figure (a)
 5  4
Inductance matrix, L    ….. (i)
 4 7 
Inductance matrix for figure (a) is given by,
L L12   L1 M
L   11  ….. (ii)
 L21 L22   M L2 
Comparing equation (i) and (ii), L1  5, L2  7, M   4
Given :
figure (b)
Equivalent inductance of figure (b) is given by,
Leq  L1  L2  2 M (due to opposite sign)
Leq  5  7  2(  4)  20 H
Energy of Coupled Coil :

I1 I2 I1 I2
M M
V1 L1 L2 V2 V1 L1 L2 V2
Fig. (a) Fig. (b)

1 2 1 1 2 1
W L1 I1  L2 I 22  MI1 I 2 W L1 I1  L2 I 22  MI1 I 2
2 2 2 2
Dot Convention in Transformer
V1 N
  1   n (independent from direction of current)
V2 N2
I2 N
  1   n (independent from polarity of voltage)
I1 N2
Transformation ratio or turn ratio is given by,
N1
n
N2
 If V1 and V2 both are positive or both are negative at dotted terminal then use + n otherwise – n.
 If I1 and I 2 both flow into the dotted terminal or both flow out of the dotted terminal then use – n
otherwise + n.
Case 1 : Case 2 :
V1 N1 V1 N1
 n  n
V2 N 2 V2 N 2
I 2 N1 I2 N
 n   1  n
I1 N 2 I1 N2
Case 3 : Case 4 :
V1 N V1 N
  1  n   1  n
V2 N2 V2 N2
I2 N I 2 N1
  1  n  n
I1 N2 I1 N 2
Q.9 The output voltage of the ideal transformer with the polarities and dots shown in the figure is given by
[GATE IN 2015, IIT Kanpur]
1 1
(A) NVi sin t (B)  NVi sin t (C) Vi sin t (D)  Vi sin t
N N
Ans. (B)
Sol. We know that for a transformer
V1 N 1
 1  [Case 4]
V2 N2 N
Vi sin (t ) 1

V0 N
V0   N Vi sin t
Q.10 Find the reflected impedance for the coupled circuit shown in figure.
I1 M I2
V1 L1 L2 V2 R2
Sol. The s-plane impedance of L1 , L2 , M are sL1 , sL2 and sM respectively. The loop equations are
V1 ( s)  I1 ( s)  sL1   I 2 ( s)  Ms 
O  I1 ( s)  Ms   I 2 ( s)  sL2  R2 
Eliminating I1 ( s ) from above equations
V1 ( s) M 2s2
 Z1 ( s)  sL1 
I1 ( s ) R2  sL2
For steady state ac, replace s by j
M 22
Z1  jL1 
R2  jL2
The reflected impedance is
M 22
Reflected impedance 
R2  jL2
Q.11 A linear transformer and its T  equivalent circuit are shown in figure 1 and figure 2 respectively. The
values of inductance L a , L b and L c are respectively [ESE EE 2000]
2H
La Lb
1H 4H Lc
figure 1 figure 2
(A) 1 H,  2 H and 2 H (B)  1 H , 2 H and 2 H
(C) 3 H , 6 H and  2 H (D) 3 H , 6 H and 2 H
Ans. (B)
Q.12 The resonant frequency of the series circuit shown in figure is
[GATE EC 1990, IISc Bangalore]
M = 1H
2H 2H 2F
1 1 1 1
(A) Hz (B) Hz (C) Hz (D) Hz
4 3 4 2 10 4 2
Ans. (B)
Q.13 For the circuit shown in figure, the equivalent inductance between the terminals A & B is
[GATE EE 1992, IIT Delhi]
4H
A
2H
1H 4H
1H
B
4H
(A) 6 H (B) 7 H (C) 8 H (D) 10 H
Ans. (C)
Sol. Leq  4  4  4  2(2)  2(1)  2(1)
Leq  4  4  4  4  2  2  8 H
Q.14 In the series circuit shown in figure, for series resonance, the value of the coupling coefficient k will be
k
18 W - j12 W j2 W j8 W
(A) 0.25 (B) 0.5 (C) 0.999 (D) 1.0

Ans. (A)
Q.15 Two coupled coils connected in series have an equivalent inductance of 16 mH or 8mH depending on
the interconnection. Then the mutual inductance M between the coils is
[GATE EE 1994, IIT Kharagpur]
(A) 12 mH (B) 8 2 mH (C) 4 mH (D) 2 mH
Ans. (D)
Q.16 The effective inductance of the circuit across the terminals A, B in the figure shown below is
[GATE EE 1998, IIT Delhi]
4H
A
1H
3H 5H
2H
B
6H
(A) 9 H (B) 21 H (C) 11 H (D) 6 H
Ans. (C)
Q.17 In the circuit shown in figure, it is found that the input ac voltage (v1 ) and current i are in phase. The
M
coupling coefficient is k  , where M is the mutual inductance between the two coils. The value
L1L2
of k and the dot polarity of the coil P-Q are :
[GATE EE 2002, IISc Bangalore]
- j12W k
P Q
10 W j8 W j8 W
v1 i
(A) k = 0.25 and dot at P (B) k = 0.5 and dot at P

(C) k = 0.25 and dot at Q (D) k = 0.5 and dot at Q
Ans. (C)
Sol.  It is case of resonance (as v and i in same phase)
 X L  X C (Resonance)
From figure, X C  12   X L  X C  12 
 12  L1  L2  2 M
12  8  8  2 K 8  8
12  16  2 K 64  16  16 K
 4  16 K
4
16 K   4  K  0.25
16
 dot at Q.
Q.18 The equivalent inductance measured between the terminals 1 and 2 for the circuit shown in the figure is
[GATE EC 2004, IIT Delhi]
(A) L1  L 2  M (B) L1  L 2  M (C) L1  L 2  2M (D) L1  L 2  2M

Ans. (D)
Q.19 Impedance Z as shown in the given figure is
j5 W j2 W
j10 W
ZÞ j2 W
j10 W
(A) j 29  (B) j9  (C) j19  (D) j39 

Ans. (B)
Sol. Leq  j 5  j 2  2 M 12  M 23  2 M 13
Leq  j 9  0  2( j10)  2( j10)
Leq  j 9 
Q.20 Consider the coupled circuit shown below : [GATE IN 2007, IIT Kanpur]
A M 12
+ +B
v1 L1 L2
v2
_ _
A' B'
At angular frequency  , this circuit can be represented by the equivalent T-network, shown below :
Z1 Z2
A B
+ +
v1 Z3 v2
_ _
A' B'
Indicate the correct set of expressions for the impedances of the T-network.
(A) Z1  jω(L1  M12 ) (B) Z1  j (L1  M12 )
Z2  j (L 2  M12 ) Z2  jω(L 2  M12 )
Z3  j M12 Z3  j  M12
(C) Z1  j  L1 (D) Z1  j  (L1  M12 )
Z2  j  L 2 Z2  j  (L 2  M12 )
Z3   j  M12 Z3   j  (L1  L 2  M12 )
Ans. (A)
Q.21 Two magnetically uncoupled inductive coils have Q factors q1 and q2 at the chosen operating
frequency. Their respective resistance are R1 and R2 . When connected in series, their effective Q factor
at the same operating frequency is [GATE EC/EE/IN 2013, IIT-Bombay]
(A) q1  q2 (B) (1/ q1 )  (1/ q2 )
(C) (q1R1  q2 R2 ) / ( R1  R2 ) (D) (q1R2  q2 R1 ) / ( R1  R2 )
Ans. (C)
Sol. Given : Two coils have Q factor q1 and q2 .
Q factor is given by,
L
Q
R
Coil 1 :
R1 L1
L1
q1  ….. (i)
R1
Coil 2 :
R2 L2
L2
q2  ….. (ii)
R2
Coils are connected in series,
Coil 3 :
R1 L1 R2 L2
Leq  L1  L2
Req  R1  R2
Leq ( L1  L2 )
Qeffective  
Req R1  R2
L1  L2
Qeffective 
R1  R2
From equation (i) and (ii),
q1 R1  q2 R2
Qeffective 
R1  R2
Hence, the correct option is (C).
Q.22 If an ideal transformer has an inductive load element at port 2 as shown in the figure below, the
equivalent inductance at port 1 is [GATE EE 2016 (Set - 01), IISc Bangalore]
n:1
Port 1 Port 2
n n2
(A) nL (B) n 2 L (C) (D)
L L
Ans. (B)
Sol. Given :
n:1
Port 1 Port 2
Referring port 2 inductive L to port 1 i.e. high voltage side,
The equivalent inductive at port 1 is n2 L
Hence, the correct option is (B).

10 Graph Theory
Q.1 A network having n nodes and b branches (A) ab, bc, ad (B) ab, bc, ca
will have [ESE EC 1991]
(C) ab, bd, cd (D) ac, bd, ad
(A) (b + n) links
Ans. (A)
(B) (b – n + 1) links
Sol. Graph of above network is
(C) (b + n – 1) links
(D) (b + n + 1) links b
a c
Ans. (B)
Sol. No. of tree branches = (n – 1)
 Number of co-tree branches = No. of
links/chords = b – (n – 1) = b – n + 1 d
Q.2 A network has 10 nodes and 17 branches. Option (C) and (D) will be eliminated
The number of node pair voltages would be because bd is not part of the graph.
[ESE EC 1991, 2000] Option (B) gives a structure
(A) 7 (B) 9 b
a c which is forming close
(C) 10 (D) 45
loop, so can not be a tree.
Ans. (D)
Hence, option (A) is correct.
Sol. Total number of node pair voltage
n( n  1) 10(10  1) 10  9 Q.4 Identify which of the following is NOT a
    45 tree of the graph shown in figure.
2 2 2
Q.3 Figure shows a d.c. resistive network and its [GATE EC 1999, IIT Bombay]
a
graph is drawn aside. A ‘proper tree’ chosen
for analyzing the network will contain the b 2 c 3
1
edges. [GATE EE 1994, IIT Kharagpur]
d e f g
b b h
a c a c 4 5
(A) begh (B) defg
++
- -
(C) adhg (D) aegh
Ans. (C)
d d Sol. Taking adhg from given graph
a
Ans. (B)
2
3
Sol. Since option (B) is forming a close loop.
1
Hence this can not be a tree.
d g
Q.6 Consider the following graph. Which one of
4 h 5 the following is not a tree of the below
Forming a close loop, hence not a tree. graph ? [ESE EC 2004]
Valid 6
Op. Branch Sub-Graph
tree
1 b 2
3 1 2
(A) begh e g  3
h 5
4
4 5
2 3
1
(A) (B)
(B) defg d e f g 
4 5
a
2
1 3
(C) adhg 
d g
(C) (D)
4 h 5
a
2 3
1
(D) aegh 
e g
h
4 5
Ans. (C)
Q.5 Consider the network graph shown in figure.
Which one of the following is NOT a tree of Sol. Twigs = n – 1 = 3 (tree branches)
this graph? [GATE EC 2004, IIT Delhi] The given graph has 4 nodes.
 Any tree of this graph should have 4
nodes and 3 branches, a path between any
pair of nodes and no closed path. But the
subgraph given in (C) has only 2
branches.
Q.7 What is the total number of trees for the
graph shown below? [ESE EC 2006]
(A) (B)
(A) 4 (B) 8
(D) (C) 12 (D) 16
GATE ACADEMY® 93 Graph Theory
Ans. (D) 1 2
Sol. The graph is a complete graph
4
Number of trees  n n 2
[where n = number of nodes]
 442  16 (D) 1 2
Q.8 For the network graph shown in the figure
given below, which one of the following is 3
not a tree? [ESE EC 2006] 6
Ans. (D)
Sol. According to definition of tree it must not
form close loop.
Q.10 The number of chords in the graph of the
given circuit will be
(A) (B) [GATE EE 2008, IISc Bangalore]
+
-
(C) (D)
(A) 2 (B) 3
(C) 4 (D) 5
Ans. (A)
Ans. (D) Sol. Graph of above network is
Sol. According to definition of tree it must not
form close loop.
Q.9 The graph of a network is shown in figure
below. Which one of the figures shown
below is not a tree of the graph?
[ESE EC 2007]
1 2 Voltage source = Short circuit
5 4
3
Current source = Open circuit
6
As we know number of chord/links = b – n
(A) + 1= 5 – 4 + 1 = 2 Ans.
Q.11 The graph associated with an electrical
5 4
3 network has 7 branches and 5 nodes. The
number of independent KCL equations and
(B) the number of independent KVL equations,
respectively, are
4 [GATE EE 2016 (Set - 02), IISc Bangalore]
3
6 (A) 2 and 5 (B) 5 and 2
(C) 3 and 4 (D) 4 and 3
Ans. (D) Ans. (B)
Sol. Given : Number of branch, B7 Sol. Minimum number of equations = No. of tree
Number of nodes, N  5 branches (twigs) T = n – 1, or No. of co-tree
branches (links) L = b – n + 1 whichever is
Number of independent KCL equation
less.
 N 1  5 1  4
Here, both are same, equal to 3.
Number of independent KVL equation Q.14 In the graph shown in the figure one
 B  N 1  7  5 1  3 possible tree is formed by the branches 4, 5,
Hence the correct option is (D) 6, 7. Then one possible fundamental cutset
Q.12 In graph shown in the figure, for the tree is [ESE EC 1997]
8
with branches b, d and f, the fundamental
loops would include. [ESE EC 1996] 6 7
c
1 2 3 4
b 2 d
1 3 1, 2, 3, 4 : nodes
a, b, c, d, e, f : branches 5
a f (A) 1, 2, 3, 8 (B) 1, 2, 5, 6
e
(C) 1, 5, 6, 8 (D) 1, 2, 3, 7, 8
Ans. (D)
4
Sol. A fundamental cutset is defined by only one
(A) abc, def, bdea (B) cea, bdea, abc
tree branch and one or more links.
(C) cdb, def, bfa (D) abde, def, cdb (1, 2, 3, 7, 8) is the fundamental cutset
Ans. (C) defined by tree branch 7.
Sol. Q.15 A network has 7 nodes and 5 independent
c loops. The number of branches in the
network is [GATE EC 1998, IIT Delhi]
b 2 d
1 3 (A) 13 (B) 12
(C) 11 (D) 10
a f e Ans. (C)
Sol. No. of independent loops = b – n + 1
4 Here, No. of independent loops = 5, n = 7
The links are c, e and a Hence, 5 = b – 7 + 1
Fundamental loops b = 11 Ans.
Q.16 Match List X with List Y for the co-tree
c d b with link c
branches 1, 2, 3 and 8 of the graph shown in
d e f with link e
the given figure and select the correct
b f a with link a answer using the codes given below the lists
Q.13 The graph of a network has six branches [ESE EC 2001]
with three tree branches. The MINIMUM List X List Y
number of equations required for the A. Twigs I. 4, 5, 6, 7
solution of the network is [ESE EC 1997] B. Links II. 1, 2, 3, 8
(A) 2 (B) 3 C. Fundamental cutset III. 1, 2, 3, 4
(C) 4 (D) 5 D. Fundamental loop IV. 6, 7, 8
8 (A) 1, 4, 5 (B) 2, 3, 5
6 7 (C) 3, 4, 8 (D) 6, 7, 8
Ans. (D)
1 2
3
4 Sol. If the Tree is T (4, 5, 6, 7), then the links are
1, 2, 3 and 8.
5 Any f - loop is defined by only one link and
Codes : A B C D should form a closed path.
(A) I II III IV  Possible f - loop here is (6, 7, 8) defined
(B) III II I IV by 8. Note that edge sets (1, 4, 5) and (3, 4,
(C) I IV III II
8) are not loops and edge set (2, 3, 5) is a
(D) III IV I II
loop but not f - loop as it has two links 2 and
Ans. (A)
3.
Sol. Taking tree shown below.
8 Q.19 The minimum number of equations required
6 7 6 7 to analyze the circuit shown in the figure is
4 2
3
4
[GATE EC 2003, IIT Madras]
1
C C
5 5
Note : We have given an un-directed graph

in question, so in solution direction is not R R
used.
V R R
If 1, 2, 3 and 8 are the co-tree branches or C
chords or links, and then 4, 5, 6 and 7 should
be Tree branches or twigs, f- cutset (1, 2, 3,
4) is defined by 4 and f-loop (6, 7, 8) is (A) 3 (B) 4
defined by 8. (C) 6 (D) 7
Q.17 An electric circuit with 10 branches and 7 Ans. (B)
nodes will have [ESE EE 2001] Sol. Number of Nodal equation = n – 1
(A) 3 loop equations (B) 4 loop equations
Number of loops in KVL = b – n + 1
(C) 7 loop equations (D) 10 loop equations
The minimum number of equation to solve
Ans. (B)
Sol. b = 10, n = 7 above circuit will be either (n – 1) or (b – n
Number of loop equations = Number of + 1) depending upon smaller value among
links = L = b – (number of tree branches) these two.
= b – (n – 1) = 4 Let’s make graph of given circuit
Q.18 In the graph shown in the figure, one 4
possible tree is formed by the branches 4, 5, a b
d
6, 7. Then one possible fundamental loop is
[ESE EC 2002] 2 c
1 3
8 e
g
f h
6 7
5
1 2 4 From above graph we can see that,

3
n = 5 (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
5 b = 8 (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h)
Number of Nodal equation = 5 – 1 = 4 (1)
Number of loops in KVL = 8 – 5 + 1 = 4

(2) (3)
Since both are equal, hence 4 is required
answer.
(4)
Q.20 Consider a spanning tree of the connected
(A) P = 2, Q = 2 (B) P = 2, Q = 6
graph. What is the number of fundamental
(C)P = 4, Q = 6 (D)P = 4, Q = 10
cut-sets? [ESE EC 2004]
Ans. (C)
Sol. . Method 1 :
Here n = 4, B = 4
Number of twigs = n – 1 = 3
Number of links = B – n + 1 = 1
(1)
(A) 15 (B) 16 C2
(C) 8 (D) 7 (2)
C3
Ans. (D)
(3)
Sol.  Number of fundamental cut-sets =
Number of twigs / Number of tree branches C1
(4)
=n–1 Fig. (a)
Hence, Number of fundamental cut-sets = 8 From figure (a), C1 (2, 4), C2 (1, 2), C3 (2, 3)
–1=7 C4
Q.21 For a network of 11 branches and 6 nodes, (1)
what is the number of independent loops?
(2)
[ESE EC 2005] C3
(A) 4 (B) 5 (3)
(C) 6 (D) 11 C5
(4)
Ans. (C) Fig. (b)
Sol. No. of tree branches = 6 –1 = 5 From figure (b), C4 (1, 3), C3 (2, 3), C5 (3, 4)
No. of independent loops = No. of links = 11 C6
C2 C4
–5=6 (1) (1)
Q.22 A network has 4 nodes and 3 independent (2) Modified figure (2) (3)
loops. What is the number of branches in the
network? [ESE EC 2007] (3)
(A) 5 (B)6 (4) (4)

(C)7 (D)8 Fig. (c)
Ans. (B) From figure (c),
Sol. Number of independent loops C4 (1, 3), C2 (1, 2), C6 (1, 4)
=b–n+1 [n = 4] (1) (1)
Number of independent loops = 3 (2) Modified figure

b=3+4 –1=6 (2) (3)
(3)
Q.23 In the following graph, the number of trees C1
(P) and the number of cut-sets (Q) are (4) (4)
C6 C5
[GATE EC 2008, IISc Bangalore] Fig. (d)
From figure (d), C4
1
C1 (2, 4), C5 (3, 4), C6 (1, 4)
 C1  (2, 4) C4  (1, 3) 2 3
C3
C2  (1, 2) C5  (3, 4)
C3  (2, 3) C6  (1, 4) 4 C5
Hence, the correct option is (C). Fig. (d)
From figure (c),
. Method 2 :
C3 (2, 3), C4 (1, 3), C5 (3, 4)
We can re-draw this graph
1  C1  (2, 4) C4  (1, 3)
C2  (1, 2) C5  (3, 4)
2 3
C3  (2, 3) C6  (1, 4)
Hence, the correct option is (C).
4
Q.24 In a network with twelve circuit elements
C2 C6 C4 and five nodes, what is the minimum
1
number of mesh equations? [ESE EC 2009]
(A) 24 (B) 12
2 3 (C)10 (D) 8
Ans. (D)
4 Sol. No. of tree branches = 5 – 1 = 4
Fig. (a) Minimum no. of mesh equations = 12 – 4 =
From figure (a), 8b
C2 (1, 2), C4 (1, 3), C6 (1, 4) Q.25 For a given connected network and for a
C2
fixed tree, the fundamental loop matrix is
1 given by [ESE EC 2012]
 
2 3 1 0 0 1 0 0 
C3  
B   0 1 0 0 0 1
 0 0 1 1 1 1
C1 4    
Fig. (b)  Links/chords Twigs 
From figure (b), The fundamental cut-set matrix Q
corresponding to the same tree is given by
C1 (2, 4), C2 (1, 2), C3 (2, 3)
 1 0 1 1 0 0 
1 (A) Q   0 0 1 0 1 0 
 
 0 1 1 0 0 1 
2 3
 1 0 1 1 0 0
(B) Q   0 0 
C1 C5
 0 1 0 1
C6
4  0 1 1 0 0 1 
Fig. (c) 1 0 1 1 0 0
From figure (c), (C) Q   0 0 1 0 1 0 

C1 (2, 4), C5 (3, 4), C6 (1, 4)  0 1 1 0 0 1
0 0 0 1 0 0  1 1 0 1 1 0 
(D) Q   0 1 0 0 0 1 (C)  1 0 0 0 1 1 
  
 1 0 1 1 1 1  0 0 1 1 0 1
Ans. (A)  1 0 0 1 0 0 
Sol. B   I : BT  (D)  0 1 0 0 0 1 
 
Q  Ql : I   0 0 0 1 0 1
Ans. (B)
Ql    BT 
T
Sol.
1 0 0 
BT  0 0 1 5
BRANCHES
L
1 1 1
1 2
O
L1
L2 Tie set = O
1 0 1 P
 BT   0 0 1
T
L3
S
4 6
0 1 1 3
1 2 3 4 5 6
 1 0 1 L1 1 0 0 1 –1 0
  BT 
T
  0 0 1
[T ]I´B = L2 0 1 0 0 1 –1
L3 0 0 1 –1 0 1
 0 1 1 Q.27 If Qt and Ql be the sub-matrices of Q f
 Q  Ql : I  (fundamental cut-set matrix) corresponding
to twigs and links of a connected graph
 1 0 1 1 0 0
respectively, then : [ESE EC 2014]
Q   0 0 1 0 1 0  1. Qt is an identity matrix.
 0 1 1 0 0 1 
2. Ql is a rectangular matrix.
Q.26 For the oriented graph as given below, 3. Q f is of rank (n – 1).
taking 4, 5, 6 as tree branches the tie set
Which of the above are correct?
matrix is [ESE EC 2013]
(A) 1 and 2 only (B) 1 and 3 only
(C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2 and 3
Ans. (D)
Sol. ‘ Q f ’ fundamental cut set matrix
Q f    Q t | Ql 
Q t  identity matrix,
Q l  rectangular matrix
And rank of Q f is (n – 1)
 1 0 0 1 1 0  Example :
(A)  0 1 0 0 1 1 
  1
a 2 b
3
 0 0 1 1 0 1 e2 a b c d e
d
1 0 0 1 1 0  c e
e1 1 0 0 –1 –1
(B)  0 1 0 0 1 1
[Qf] = e2 0 1 0 0 –1
e1
  e3 0 0 1 1 1
 0 0 1 1 0 1 
e3 4 Identity Rectangular
Q.28 The graph of a network has 8 nodes and 5
independent loops. The number of branches
of the graph is
(A) 11 (B) 12
(C) 13 (D) 14
Ans. (B)
Sol. Given :
(i) Number of nodes = 8
(ii) Number of independent loop = 5
In graph theory, number of independent loop
represents number of links  b  n  1
Hence,
b  n 1  5
b  8 1  5
b  12
Number of branches = 12
Hence, the correct option is (B).
Q.29 If a network of n number of principle nodes
and b number of branches then mesh
analysis becomes simpler than nodal
analysis if n greater than [ISRO EE 2018]
(A) b  1 (B) b  1
b b
(C) 1 (D) 1
2 2
Ans. (D)

GATE 2019
11 Questions (EC/EE/IN)
Electronics & Communication Engineering (EC)
Q.1 Consider the two-port resistive network shown in the figure. When an excitation of 5 V is applied across
Port 1, and Port 2 is shorted, the current through the short circuit at Port 2 is measured to be 1 A (see (a)
in the figure). Now, if an excitation of 5 V is applied across Port 2, and Port 1 is shorted (see (b) in the
figure), what is the current through the short circuit at Port 1?
1 2
Port 1 R Port 2
1 2 1 2
5V R 1A ? R 5V
Fig. (a) Fig. (b)

(A) 0.5 A (B) 2.5 A (C) 1 A (D) 2 A
Q.2 The RC circuit shown below has a variable resistance R(t) given by the following expression :
 t
R(t )  R0 1   for 0  t  T
 T
where R0  1  and C  1 F . We are also given that T  3R0C and the source voltage is vs  1 V . If the
current at time t  0 is 1 A, then the current I (t ) , in amperes, at time t  T / 2 is ______ (rounded off to
2 decimal places).
I (t ) R (t )
vs C
t0
Q.3 In the circuit shown, if v(t) = 2 sin(1000 t) volts, R = 1 k  and C = 1  F, then the steady-state current
i(t), in milli-Amperes (mA), is
GATE ACADEMY® 101 GATE 2019 Questions
(A) 2sin(1000t )  2sin(1000t ) i( t)
(B) sin(1000t )  cos(1000t ) C


V ( t) R R
(C) sin(1000t )  3cos(1000t ) C C

(D) 3sin(1000t )  cos(1000t )

R
Q.4 In the circuit shown, Vs is a 10 V square wave of period, T = 4 ms with R = 500  and C = 10  F. The
capacitor is initially uncharged at t = 0. and the diode is assumed to be ideal. The voltage across the
capacitor ( Vc ) at 3 ms is equal to _________ volts (rounded off to one decimal place).
Vs R
10
0 t Vs C Vc
T T
2
10
t 0
Electrical Engineering (EE)
Q.5 The current I flowing in the circuit shown below in amperes (round off to one decimal place) is ______.
I 2W 3W
20 V 2A 5I
Q.6 In the circuit shown below, the switch is closed at t = 0. The value of  in degrees which will give the
maximum value of DC offset of the current at the time of switching is
R = 3.77Ω L = 10 mH
t=0
v(t ) = 150sin(377t + q)
(A) – 30 (B) – 45 (C) 90 (D) 60

Q.7 The voltage across and the current through a load are expressed as follows
   
v (t )  170sin  377t   V i (t )  8cos  377t   A
 6  6
The average power in watts (round off to one decimal place) consumed by the load is _______.
Q.8 A 0.1F capacitor charged to 100 V is discharged through a 1 k resistor. The time in ms (round off to
two decimal places) required for the voltage across the capacitor to drop to 1 V is _______.
Instrumentation Engineering (IN)
Q.9 If each of the values of inductance, capacitance of a series LCR circuit are doubled, the Q-factor of the
circuit would
(A) Reduce by a factor 2 (B) Reduce by a factor 2

(C) Increase by a factor 2 (D) Increase by a factor 2
Q.10 In the circuit shown below, initially the switch S1 is open, the capacitor C1 has a charge of 6 coulomb,
and the capacitor C2 has 0 coulomb. After S1 is closed, the charge on C2 in steady state is ________
coulomb.
S1
1 k
C1  1F C2  2 F
Q.11 In the circuit shown below, maximum power is transferred to the load resistance RL , when RL 
________  .
5W
5V +
- RL
Q.12 Consider a circuit comprising only resistors with constant resistance and ideal independent DC voltage
sources. If all the resistances are scaled down by a factor 10, and all source voltages are scaled up by a
factor 10, the power dissipated in the circuit scales up by a factor of ________.
Q.13 In the circuit shown below, a step input voltage of magnitude 5 V is applied at node A at time t  0 . If
the capacitor has no charge for t  0 , the voltage at node P at t  6 s is ________ V.(Answer should be
rounded off to two decimal places)
A 2 kW P 3kW
5V
0V 5 nF
t=0
Q.14 In the circuit shown below, the angular frequency  at which the current is in phase with the voltage is
________ rad/s.
I 0 sin wt
V0 sin(t ) 5 mH 50 W 500 nF
Answer Keys
1. C 2. 0.25 3. D 4. 3.3 5. 1.4

6. B 7. 588.88 8. 0.46 9. B 10. 4
11. 5 12. 1000 13. 1.90 14. 20000

Gate Academy Workbook - Network

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Gate Academy Workbook - Network

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Edition 2020-21

Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

GATE / ESE / PSUs

Copyright © All Rights Reserved

Q.1 The three circuit elements shown in the R R

total power absorbed by the three circuit R

Q.8 The magnitude of current (in mA) through 2W

[GATE EC 2014 (Set-04), IIT Kharagpur]

(A) 2 mA (B) 4 mA Q.13 A fully charged mobile phone with a 12 V

t Q.18 The equivalent capacitance of the input loop

[GATE EC 2018, IIT Guwahati] I

. Common Data Question 27 & 28 .

R2 Q.27 The current I S in Amps in the voltage

Q.34 The number of 2 F, 400 V capacitors

(A) j12  (B)  j12  2W 4W

(C) j13  (D) 13  1A 2W 5V

Q.31 The current i (in Ampere) in the 2 Ω resistor

R3 and the voltage source V respectively 8A

Q.42 Consider the resistive network shown in below figure,

Practice (objective & Numerical Answer) Questions :

of the given network is _______. 2 Amp

The value of Vx will be ___________ V.

Q.24 The power supplied by the 25 V source in

Q.36 All the resistances in figure are 1  each. RA

e at v(t ) 1 H ebt (A) k 2 (B) k

L L The value of ix is ____________ A.

The equivalent capacitance with respect to A

The value of current in 2  resistance is 4A 50 W 150 W 20 W

The power across dependent voltage source The voltage Vs is _________ V.

Objective & Numerical Answer Type Questions

Important Questions Based on Equivalent Resistance :

[GATE IN 2008, IISc Bangalore] 20 V V1 Z  V2 RL

2V3 Q.4 In the circuit shown, 2-port network N has

Q.2 In the circuit shown below, the network N is +

 7 9  1 2  The h–parameters for a certain two-port

9 2  The parameter B for the given two-port

[GATE EC 2015 (Set 03), IIT Kanpur] Two-port V Two-port

Q.18 In the two-port network shown, the h11  2s 2  1 1 

V1 1W V2 Q.1 If the transmission parameters of the below

Q.17 The h parameters for the network in below 1’ 2’

Q.18 The y-parameter ‘ y21 ’ of the below network

The ABCD Parameters of the below 1' 2'

(A) Z in  40 k, Zout  100 k

. Common Data for Questions 31 & 32 .  s2 1 

Q.31 The impedance parameter of the overall two

The g parameters in the s domain are

Objective & Numerical Answer Type Questions

(A) 5 V and 2 (A) 50  (B) 100 

(A) 100900 V (B) 80000 V terminal AB is _________.

[GATE EE 2014, IIT Kharagpur]

Q.8 Consider the circuit shown in the figure.

The Thevenin equivalent resistance (in ) + I

(A) 0.8  (B) 1.4 

(A) 577 W (B) 575 W

(A) 2.4  (B) 3.66 

I 2  4 A . Then the value of V when 1A 1W

(C) 0  (D) 30  2.5 W

Q.5 For the network given in figure below, the

seen at the terminals P - Q is given by

Objective & Numerical Answer Type Questions

Objective & NAT Questions (RL Circuit) : ix 2H

Q.1 In the circuit shown, the switch S is open for

The resistance of frog is ___________  .