Design String Inverters Shcneider

Conext™ CL Inverter
Conext CL 20000 E
Conext CL 25000 E
Solution Guide for Decentralized PV

Systems Using Conext CL Inverters
975-0747-01-01 Revision B
April 2015
solar.schneider-electric.com
Conext CL Inverter
Conext CL 20000 E
Conext CL 25000 E
Solution Guide
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Document Number: 975-0747-01-01 Revision: Revision B Date: April 2015

Product Part Numbers:
Base: AC connector and DC connector PVSCL20E100 PVSCL25E100

Essential: Touch-safe fuse holder, DC switch, PVSCL20E200 PVSCL25E200
and AC connector
Essential+: Essential with MC4 connector PVSCL20E201 PVSCL25E201
Optimum: Essential + DC SPD and AC SPD PVSCL20E300 PVSCL25E300
Optimum+: Optimum with MC4 connector PVSCL20E301 PVSCL20E301
Contact Information solar.schneider-electric.com

Please contact your local Schneider Electric Sales Representative at: http://solar.schneider-electric.com
About This Guide
Purpose
The purpose of this Solution Guide is to provide explanations for designing a
decentralized PV system using Conext and Balance of System (BOS)
components. It describes the interfaces required to implement this architecture
and gives rules to build the solution.
Scope
This Guide provides technical information and design recommendations. It
explains the design requirements of each of the system components and
provides details on how to choose the correct recommendations.
The information provided in this guide does not modify, replace, or waive any
instruction or recommendations described in the product Installation and
Owner’s Guides including warranties of Schneider Electric products. Always
consult the Installation and Owner’s guides of a Schneider Electric product when
installing and using that product in a decentralized PV system design using
Conext CL inverters.
For help in designing a PV power plant contact your Schneider Electric Sales
Representative or visit the Schneider Electric website for more information at
solar.schneider-electric.com.
Audience
The Guide is intended for use by anyone who plans to construct or install a
system involving the Conext CL Inverter. The information in this manual is
intended for qualified personnel. Qualified personnel have training, knowledge,
and experience in:
• Installing electrical equipment and PV power systems (up to 1000 V).

• Applying all applicable installation codes.
• Analyzing and reducing the hazards involved in performing electrical work.
• Selecting and using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
Organization
This Guide is organized into seven chapters.
Chapter 1, Introduction
Chapter 2, Decentralized PV Solutions
Chapter 3, DC System Design
Chapter 4, AC System Design
Chapter 5, Important Aspects of a Decentralized System Design
Chapter 6, Layout Optimization
Chapter 7, Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
975-0747-01-01 Revision B iii

About This Guide
Related Information
You can find more information about Schneider Electric as well as its products
and services at solar.schneider-electric.com.
iv 975-0747-01-01 Revision B
Important Safety Instructions
READ AND SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS - DO NOT DISCARD
This document contains important safety instructions that must be followed

during installation procedures (if applicable). Read and keep this Solution
Guide for future reference.
Read these instructions carefully and look at the equipment (if applicable) to
become familiar with the device before trying to install, operate, service or
maintain it. The following special messages may appear throughout this bulletin
or on the equipment to warn of potential hazards or to call attention to information
that clarifies or simplifies a procedure.
The addition of either symbol to a “Danger” or “Warning” safety

label indicates that an electrical hazard exists which will result
in personal injury if the instructions are not followed.
This is the safety alert symbol. It is used to alert you to potential

personal injury hazards. Obey all safety messages that follow
this symbol to avoid possible injury or death.
DANGER
DANGER indicates an imminently hazardous situation, which, if not avoided,
will result in death or serious injury.
WARNING
WARNING indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which, if not avoided,
can result in death or serious injury.
CAUTION
CAUTION indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which, if not avoided,
can result in moderate or minor injury.
NOTICE
NOTICE indicates important information that you need to read carefully.
975-0747-01-01 Revision B v
DANGER
RISK OF FIRE, ELECTRIC SHOCK, EXPLOSION, AND ARC FLASH
This Solution Guide is in addition to, and incorporates by reference, the
relevant product manuals for the Conext CL Inverter. Before reviewing this
Solution Guide you must read the relevant product manuals. Unless specified,
information on safety, specifications, installation, and operation is as shown in
the primary documentation received with the products. Ensure you are familiar
with that information before proceeding.
Failure to follow these instructions will result in death or serious injury.
DANGER
ELECTRICAL SHOCK AND FIRE HAZARD
Installation including wiring must be done by qualified personnel to ensure

compliance with all applicable installation and electrical codes including
relevant local, regional, and national regulations. Installation instructions are
not covered in this Solution Guide but are included in the relevant product
manuals for the Conext CL Inverter. Those instructions are provided for use by
qualified installers only.
vi 975-0747-01-01 Revision B
Contents
1 Introduction
Decentralized Photovoltaic (PV) Architecture - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–2
About the Conext CL Inverter - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–3
Key Specifications of the Conext CL Inverter - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–4
Key Features of Wiring Box - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–4
2 Decentralized PV Solutions
Why Decentralize PV Solutions? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–2
Drivers for decentralizing system design - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–2
Benefits with Conext CL for a Decentralized System Design - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–3
PV System Overview - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–4
PV System - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–4
PV System Design Using Conext CL Inverters - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–5
Wiring Box selection - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–6
Selection criteria - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–6
Building Blocks of a Decentralized PV Power Plant - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–9
Positioning Inverters - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–11
Inverter location - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–11
Option 1 (Inverters installed next to PV modules) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–12
Option 2 (Inverters installed next to AC Combiner groups) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–13
Option 3 (Inverters installed next to PV inverters without first-level AC Combiners) - - - - 2–14
Option 4 (Inverters installed next to LV/MV transformer) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–15
3 DC System Design
DC System Design - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3–2
String and Array Sizing Rules - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3–2
Number of PV Modules in the Series - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3–2
Minimum Number of PV Modules - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3–3
Maximum Number of PV Modules - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3–4
Number of PV Modules in Parallel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3–5
String Connections to Conext CL Inverter - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3–5
DC String Arrangement and Cable Sizing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3–6
DC System Component Design - The DC Box - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3–9
Function - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3–9
Typical use - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3–9
Advantages of the offer - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3–10
4 AC System Design
AC System Design - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–2
Circuit Breaker Coordination - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–3
Cascading or backup protection - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–3
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Contents
Discrimination - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–3
AC Component Design - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–4
The AC Switch Box - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–5
Function - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–5
Typical use - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–5
Advantages of the offer - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–5
AC Cable sizing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–6
AC Combiner Box - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–7
Function - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–8
Typical use - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–8
AC Re-Combiner Box - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–11
Distribution control - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–14
Function - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–15
Typical use - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–15
Recommended System Design - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–16
System Technical Summary - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–16
CB Protection – Discrimination tables for selection. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–17
5 Important Aspects of a Decentralized System Design

Selection of Surge Protection device for Decentralize PV systems - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–2
Use of SPDs on DC circuits - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–2
Use of SPD on AC Circuits in Decentralized PV systems - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–6
Grounding System Design for Decentralized PV systems - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–8
General Understanding of Grounding - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–8
Grounding for PV Systems - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–9
Transformer selection for decentralize PV plants with Conext CL - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–11
Monitoring System Design - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–12
Monitoring System Design: Commercial Rooftops and Small Ground Mounted Farms - - 5–12
Grid Connection - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–17
Connecting to a Public LV network - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–17
Role of Circuit Impedance in Parallel Operation of Multiple Conext CL String Inverters - - - - - - 5–19
6 Layout Optimization
Layout Design Rules - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6–2
Layouts - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6–2
7 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Safety Information - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7–2
Frequently Asked Questions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7–2
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Figures
Figure 1-1 Conext CL Inverter - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–3
Figure 1-2 Typical PV grid tied installation using CL Inverters - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–3
Figure 2-1 PV System Overview- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–4
Figure 2-2 Wiring box options (IEC only) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–8
Figure 2-3 Standard Block Option 1 for a 1MW System - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–12
Figure 3-1 String arrangement and interconnection example with Landscape - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3–8
Figure 3-2 String arrangement and interconnection example with Portrait oriented modules - - - - - 3–8
Figure 3-3 DC Box Schematic Diagram - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3–10
Figure 4-1 Summarizing Table- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–4
Figure 4-2 AC Switch Box Schematic Diagram - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–5
Figure 4-3 AC Switch Box Schematic Diagram - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–8
Figure 4-4 Distribution Control Diagram - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–15
Figure 5-1 Installation of SPDs- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–5
Figure 5-2 Type 2 SPDs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–6
Figure 5-3 Circuit of Internal SPD Connections - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–7
Figure 5-4 TN-S Earthing System, 3-Phase + Neutral- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–7
Figure 5-5 TN-C Earthing System, 3-Phase- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–8
Figure 5-6 MEN Earthing System, 3-Phase - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–8
Figure 5-7 Reverse Current - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–9
Figure 5-8 Grounding Circuit Connections - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–10
Figure 5-9 Remote monitoring of a 100kW plant (4X25kW Conext CL inverters) using InsightLink
feature of inverters - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–15
Figure 5-10 Remote monitoring of a 625kW rooftop plant (25X25kW Conext CL inverters) using
Conext SmartBox-BA and Conext Insight portal - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–15
Figure 5-11 Remote monitoring and control of a 5MW ground mounted plant (200X25kW
Conext CL inverters) using Conext SmartBox - ES in master-slave mode and
Conext Insight portal - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–16
Figure 5-12 Generic AC Grid Connected Inverters Diagram - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–20
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x
Tables
Table 2-1 Decentralized PV System Blocks - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–9
Table 3-1 DC Box Component Reference - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3–10
Table 4-1 AC Box Component Reference - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–6
Table 4-2 Percentage losses for Cu cable w.r.t maximum AC cable length - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–7
Table 5-1 Power loss values for transformer ratings and impedance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–11
Table 7-1 De-rating for 500 Vdc and 800V, 230 Vac 25 Kw- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7–5
Table 7-2 De-rating for 350 Vdcand 800V, 230 Vac 20 Kw - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7–5
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1 Introduction
This introduction chapter contains

information:
• About the Conext CL Inverter
• Decentralized Photovoltaic (PV)
Architecture
• Key Specifications of the Conext CL
Inverter
• Key Features of Wiring Box
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Introduction
Decentralized Photovoltaic (PV) Architecture

Use of a String inverters are typically decentralized over a PV plant, sometimes located
decentralized PV under PV arrays, in order to facilitate array connections to the inverter.
Architecture
Advantages of a decentralized PV architecture include:
• Easy adaptation of the solution to roof or plant specificities

• Easy installation of the inverters on roof or plant
• Easy electrical protection
• Easy connection to the grid
• Easy monitoring
• Reduced system downtime which means greater energy yield
• Easy swapping of units that need servicing
Use of a Three The new Conext CL 20000 E and CL 25000 E grid-tie three phase string inverters
Phase String are suited for outdoor use and are the ideal solution for commercial buildings,
Conext CL Inverter carports and decentralized power plants in multiple megawatt (MW) ranges. With
their modular design and two wide input range Maximum Power Point Trackers
(MPPTs), these inverters are very flexible and therefore easy to install.
WARNING
ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD
• The Conext CL Inverters are transformerless inverters, suited for use with
PV modules that do not require the grounding of a DC polarity.
• In case of a “net metering” grid connection type, connection has to be
adapted to the local rules specified by the utilities.
• Always refer to national and local installation and electrical codes in
designing a power system.
Failure to follow these instruction can result in death or serious injury.
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About the Conext CL Inverter
About the Conext CL Inverter
Figure 1-1 Conext CL Inverter
The Conext CL Inverter is a three phase transformerless string inverter designed

for high efficiency, easy installation, and maximum yield. The inverter converts
the solar electric (photovoltaic or PV) power into utility grade electricity that can
be used for commercial or utility applications. The inverter is designed to collect
maximum available energy from the PV array by constantly adjusting its output
power to track maximum power point (MPP) of the PV array. The inverter has two
MPPT channels (MPPT1 and MPPT2). A maximum of four string inputs can be
connected to each independent MPPT channel. The two independent PV arrays
can operate at different peak power points to capture the maximum possible
energy. The inverter accommodates PV arrays with open circuit voltages up to
1000 VDC. The CL Inverter is designed to be transformerless and therefore, has
no galvanic isolation.
Figure 1-2 Typical PV grid tied installation using CL Inverters
975-0747-01-01 Revision B 1–3

Introduction
Key Specifications of the Conext CL Inverter

• Conext CL 20000 E inverter: 20 kVA (1000 VDC systems)
• Conext CL 25000 E inverter: 25 kVA (1000 VDC systems)
• PV compatibility: Designed to work with Mono-Crystalline or Poly-Crystalline
panel
• Three-phase (3-Phase + N + PE [ground]), four-wire, grid-tie, transformerless
• Wide MPPT voltage range
• 350–800 VDC for 20 KVA
• 430–800 VDC for 25 KVA
• Supports high array to inverter ratio
• Two independent MPPTs with the option for combined MPPT operation
• Up to 60% to 40% unbalanced MPPT operation capability
• Energy harvest efficiency (MPPT): >99%
• Fast sweep MPPT tracking
• Maximum power conversion efficiency: >98%
• Power factor adjustment range: 0.8 capacitive to 0.8 inductive
• Low AC output current distortion (THD < 3%) @ nominal power
• IP65 (electronics)/IP54 (rear portion) protection class for installation in
outdoor environments
• –25 to 60 °C operating temperature range
• Flexible installation: Inverter and wiring box can be installed separately
• Dry Contact (Multi-function) relay
• Remote Power Off (RPO)
• Modbus RS485 and Modbus TCP communications
• USB device host for local firmware upgrade
• Custom data logging (user configurable)
• 3” (diagonally) graphical display (LCD) with integrated seven-button control
panel
• Embedded Web server via Ethernet (TCP/IP)
• Sunspec Alliance Modbus map offering
Key Features of Wiring Box

• Integrated DC switch
• Touch safe fuse holder for PV string protection
• AC and DC Surge Protection (SPD) and Monitoring
• Bottom cable entry for easy installation
• Tool free AC cable termination using spring connector
• Tool free DC cable termination using MC4 connectors (Optional)
1–4 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

2 Decentralized PV
Solutions
This chapter on decentralized PV

solutions contains the following
information.
• Drivers for decentralizing system
design
• Benefits with Conext CL for a
Decentralized System Design
• PV System Overview
• PV System
• PV System Design Using Conext CL
Inverters
• Wiring Box selection
• Building Blocks of a Decentralized PV
Power Plant
• Inverter location
975-0747-01-01 Revision B 2–1

Decentralized PV Solutions
Why Decentralize PV Solutions?

Drivers for decentralizing system design
1. Lower cost of installation and easy to install
• Smaller units have lighter weight and easier to handle
• Inverters can be mounted directly on/underneath the photovoltaic (PV)
mounting structures
• Product is easy and inexpensive to ship and can be installed by two
installers
• No concrete mounting pad required: unit mounted directly to wall, pole or
PV frame racks
2. Easy to service and increased energy harvest
• If the inverter detects a failure event, only part of the field is affected
versus a large portion of the field when a large central inverter is used,
which means greater return on investment (ROI)
• Multiple MPPTs to allow greater installation flexibility and increased PV
harvest
3. Easy electrical protection
• DC circuit remains limited to the roof, without penetrating into the
building; DC cabling remaining “alive” is restricted
• AC circuit is enlarged, requiring additional AC equipment which are
typically less expensive and more readily available
• Fire situation management is simplified and fireman safety is improved
4. Easy adaptation to roof specificities
• Ability to support different roof pan orientations
• Heterogeneous layout of the strings is facilitated (unbalanced arrays)
• Obstacles on roofs and shadowing/shading have less production impact
5. Easy connection to the grid
• Small 3-Phase inverters can be configured in parallel directly to the grid
6. Easy monitoring
• Monitoring at much granular level about production areas
• Performance ratio calculations and fault detection can be reached at a
reduced cost
2–2 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

Benefits with Conext CL for a Decentralized System Design

• 5 wiring box options to fit different needs
• Wall, pole and lay flat mounting
• Easy to connect to 3rd party monitoring
• Full grid management features
High flexibility
• Light and 2 person installation
• Separate inverter and wiring box
• Touch safe fuse holder
• Conext CL EasyConfig tool
Easy to install and service
• 98.3% peak efficiency, 98% Euro efficiency
• Eliminate cost of external DC combiner box
• 2 MPPT and shade tolerant MPPT algorithm
• High over paneling capability
Higher ROI
• Electrolyte free design
• Strict DFQ/DFR process
• Rigorous MEOST, HALT and THB tests
• Manufacturing in Leading SE facility
Designed for reliability
975-0747-01-01 Revision B 2–3

PV System Overview
Figure 2-1 PV System Overview
PV System
PV system modeling are:
• Site conditions
• Type of system
• Losses
Site conditions
It is very important to interpret site conditions carefully and model the exact
conditions in PV system design software. These conditions include shadow from
surroundings, ground slope, layout boundary conditions, rain water catchment
area, PV module string arrangements, shape of the layout, obstacles like power
lines, gas pipelines, rivers, archaeological conditions, and similar obstacles.
Once all possible factors affecting the PV system design are listed and
assessed, capacity of selected PV installation site can be determined for further
processing. Government agency permits and statutory clearances also depend
on these factors. Cost of the land and overall PV system varies with respect to
these conditions.
2–4 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

System
PV system installation can be grid tied or stand alone. It could be on the roof,
ground-mounted with tracking option, or it could be in a car park or facade-
mounted.
Modelling of system has to be considered using the most suitable option or may
be the main purpose of installation.
Quantum and usage of generated electricity is a very important factor deciding

the type of system. A good system design has high efficiency, flexibility and
modular approach for faster and quicker installations.
Selection of major components like PV modules, inverters and mounting

structures comprises the most part of system modelling and design. These three
components also affect the cost, output, and efficiency of the system.
Losses
Any PV system has two major types of losses. Losses associated with
meteorological factors and losses due to system components.
A carefully modelled PV system represents both types of losses very accurately

and realistically. It is very difficult to consider this but PV system modelling should
take care of each aspect of design and component to simulate the scenario
which represents the actual conditions very closely.
PV System Design Using Conext CL Inverters

In order to facilitate the users, the Conext CL inverter’s latest dataset and system
component file is available with widely used modeling software and databases.
These files are also available for download on the Schneider Electric solar web
portal.
Schneider Electric suggests the following points to consider during system

design using Conext CL inverters.
• Using well defined standard system Blocks

• Optimized PV system design using standard components
• Cost competitiveness
• Designed for quick installation
Both rooftop and ground mount systems can be modeled and designed using
standard system blocks comprising of Conext CL inverters and user defined PV
modules and mounting solution.
A block of 250kW for rooftop solutions and 1000kW for ground mount solutions
can be considered to multiply several times to achieve the required capacity.
Smaller size of standard blocks like 100kW, can be defined in order to fit the
requirement of the user. A standard block is designed once for all respective
components and repeated several times in the installation. It reduces the efforts
and time to design the complete solution and increases the flexibility and speed
of construction. Manufacturing of components also becomes quicker as a
standard block uses the available ratings of components and equipment.
Ultimately, the overall design results in an optimized and reliable solution from all
perspectives.
975-0747-01-01 Revision B 2–5

Wiring Box selection

Configuration of Conext CL Inverter’s wiring box depends on the installation
location of the inverters, regulatory requirements like Arc Fault protection, and
technical requirements related to reliability and safety like fuses and surge
protection devices. In order to meet various requirements, Conext CL inverters
offer five variants of the wiring box to connect DC and AC cables. This solution
guide will help users to select the right type of wiring box.
Selection criteria
Under following situation or requirements, designer / client should choose either
of the available options for Conext CL wiring box.
Base Model
• Design of PV system should have separate DC array combiner box with

Fuses, SPD (optional) and DC switch before inverter input connections.
• Inverter will only accommodate one input for each MPPT, not multiple
strings.
• On output side of Inverter, an AC box with SPD and AC switch/ MCB
(optional) will be required.
• Inverter can be located on PV module structure with DC array box and
AC box.
• Inverter can be located in group on PV field near first level AC combiner
Box.
• If distance between Inverters and DC array combiners increases more
than 10m, we recommend another set of SPD at inverter location before
Inverter string inputs.
• Installer can use higher size of DC and AC cables to terminate in DC
array box and AC Box. Inverter can be connected with highest regular
size of cable it can accommodate with given terminal block size in Base
model.
Essential and Essential+ Model

• Design of PV system doesn’t need DC array combiner box. All strings
(up to 8) can be terminated directly on fuse terminals of Essential wiring
box.
• A 40A DC switch is provided in wiring box. Installer can disconnect
strings using this switch and there is no requirement of a separate DC
switch box.
• Inverter will not have DC SPD inside the wiring box. If this model is
chosen, we recommend an external installation of DC SPD.
• If termination to wiring box needs to be using MC4 connectors (not
glands), Essential+ model has to be chosen.
• On output side of Inverter, an AC box with SPD and AC switch/ MCB
(optional) will be required.
AC box.
2–6 975-0747-01-01 Revision B


Box.
than 10m, we recommend a set of SPD at both locations – At end of
string and before Inverter DC input.
Optimum and Optimum+ Model

• A separate set of DC or AC SPD is not required with Optimum. So
additional DC box will not be required.
• We recommend an AC MCB right after Inverter output to support AC SPD
installed inside wiring box. Chosen MCB should have a well coordinated
current rating with SPD and breaking capacity based on the peak
impulse voltage rating of components installed.
• If termination to wiring box needs to be using MC4 connectors (not
glands), Optimum+ model has to be chosen.
AC box.
Box.
than 10m, we recommend another set of SPD at inverter location before
Inverter string inputs.
At any instance, we do not recommend installation of external components inside

Conext CL inverter’s wiring box. This action would void warranty of Inverter.
975-0747-01-01 Revision B 2–7

2–8
+ +
Base Essential Essential Optimum Optimum
Front view
 Provides DC and AC connections only;  Cover majority of the applications with  Essential + MC4 connectors  Essential + Surge Protection Device  Optimum + MC4 connectors
an external DC combiner box with fuse DC touch safe fuse holders and DC (SPD)
and switch is mandatory requirement; disconnection  For Customer who wants to use MC4  For Customer who wants to use
Customer Use Case
connectors based on Essential model  For customer who wants full protection MC4 connectors based on
 For customer who has existing DC  For customer who wants to eliminate especially high surge protection in Optimum model
combiner box or wants to develop own external DC box and use CL wiring frequent lightning area
DC combiner box box as DC combiner box
# of MPPT 2 2
# of strings per MPPT 1 4
Single MPPT config 1 MPPT included √, MPPT shorting terminal block and jumper are provided
DC connection DC cable gland entry thread size: M25 DC cable gland entry thread size: M25 MC4 PV connectors DC cable gland entry thread size: M25 MC4 PV connectors
AC connection Conductor size: 5.3 to #21.2 mm2
Figure 2-2 Wiring box options (IEC only)

Connection type: Spring connector
AC cable gland entry thread size: M32
Touch safe fuse holder NOT PROVIDED 4 blocks, 8 strings
DC disconnect switch NOT PROVIDED 40 A, 1000V
MC4 connectors NOT PROVIDED NOT PROVIDED √ NOT PROVIDED √
2 * DC SPD, 1 AC SPD NOT PROVIDED NOT PROVIDED NOT PROVIDED √ √
Part number PVSCL20E100 (20kW) PVSCL20E200 (20kW) PVSCL20E201 (20kW) PVSCL20E300 (20kW) PVSCL20E301 (20kW)
(Inverter + wiring box) PVSCL25E100 (25kW) PVSCL25E200 (25kW) PVSCL25E201 (25kW) PVSCL25E300 (25kW) PVSCL25E301 (25kW)
Fuse Recommendation  For calculating the PV fuse rating for a specific PV array installation, refer to the panel manufacturer documentation in addition to local electrical installation code.
 Recommended Fuse: Part number: PV1510F, Make: Cooper Bussman Rating:1000 VDC, 15 A (Note: Not applicable for Base model)
975-0747-01-01 Revision B
Building Blocks of a Decentralized PV Power Plant

For a modular design approach, we recommend following solution bricks or
building blocks to design a decentralize PV power plant using Conext CL
inverters.
Table 2-1 Decentralized PV System Blocks

Brick Description Model Supplier
Inverters Conext CL 20kW or CL20000E Schneider Electric
Conext CL 25kW CL25000E
DC Box – DC disconnect SW60DC & Schneider Electric
Optional switch C120NADC for
(External, single MPPT
not Conext
CL inverter’s Thermal release MX+OF Schneider Electric
wiring box) Surge Protection iPRD40 Schneider Electric
device
Fuses --- External
Terminal Blocks Linergy-NSYTRV Schneider Electric
Enclosure KaedraXT up to External

100kW (4 inverters),
Thalassa panels for
more inputs
AC Box – AC circuit breaker iC60 series MCB Schneider Electric
Optional
Surge protection iPRD40 series Schneider Electric
device
Terminal blocks Linergy-NSYTRV Schneider Electric
Enclosure --- External

AC AC circuit breaker iC60,iC120 and Schneider Electric
Combiner (MCB) NG125 series
box
Main Bus bar --- External
AC Disconnect INS250 series Schneider Electric

switch switch
Grounding terminal --- External

and bus
Surge protection iPRD40 and 60 Schneider Electric

device
975-0747-01-01 Revision B 2–9


AC Re- AC circuit breaker NSX series MCCB Schneider Electric
combiner (MCCB)
Box
Main Bus bar --- External
AC Air circuit NT or NW series Schneider Electric

breaker or MCCB ACB or Compact
NS type MCCB
Grounding terminal --- External

and bus
Surge protection iPRD Schneider Electric

device (optional)

Transformer LV-MV Dyn11 Oil Minera series Schneider Electric
cooled / Dry type
transformer
MV ring main MV RM6 or Flusarc FluSARC, RM6 Schneider Electric
system type switchgear
units
Grid Box Grid box with main FluSARC, RM6, Schneider Electric
MV circuit breakers SM6 type
CT-VT unit switchgear
Metering cabinet, SM6 type Schneider Electric

Auxiliary transformer switchgear
Communication
equipment
Weather station --- External
PV SCADA server Smart Box Schneider Electric
Utility Plant controller --- External
Conext Control Schneider Electric
M340 PLC Schneider Electric

DC Solar PV DC UV protected --- External
cables cables
AC cables AC LV and MV --- External
cables
2–10 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

Positioning Inverters

Communicat Data logger and Smart Box and Schneider Electric
ion and portal Conext Insight
Monitoring portal
system
Energy meter
Router / switch
Enclosure
Power supply
Grounding Bonding cable --- External
system
Clamps and
Connectors
DANGER

Inverter location
PV system design with Conext CL string inverters emphasizes the location of
Inverter in the complete solution. The location of the inverter, in turn, drives
selection of wiring box and system components.
We propose four types of standard design blocks in order to fit almost all types of
installations. Each option has its advantage and disadvantage with respect to
other installation but for every particular instance respective option serves the
purpose in most efficient manner.
1. Inverters located on the PV field “electrically” grouped in AC Combiner box

on the field – Inverters mounted on the PV panel structures and intermediate
AC paralleling.
2. Inverters grouped on the PV field by clusters “electrically” grouped in AC
combiner box on the field – Inverters mounted on dedicated structures
connected to intermediate AC combiners.
3. Inverters spread on the field – Inverters mounted on PV panel structures and
AC paralleling in MV stations.
4. DC distribution – Inverters close to LV/MV substation on a dedicated
structure and AC paralleling in LV/MV substation.
975-0747-01-01 Revision B 2–11

Option 1 (Inverters installed next to PV modules)

Inverters located on the PV field “electrically” grouped in AC Combiner box on
the field – Inverters mounted on the PV panel structures and intermediate AC
paralleling.
Conext CL
Figure 2-3 Standard Block Option 1 for a 1MW System
Advantages
• Less DC string cables
• Less DC I2R losses
• High Flexibility
• No need of dedicated structure for Inverter mounting
• Inverters close to PV modules reducing electrified portion of system
during fault
• Covering most of the usable space within boundary
• Schneider iC60 type of breakers can be used in AC combiners – up to 5
inverters
Disadvantages
• This type of inverter placement requires external AC switch immediately
after inverter
• Longer AC cables from Inverter to first level of AC combiners
• Higher AC cable losses
Selection criteria for Conext CL inverter wiring box variants for this option
• Base model + external DC box with DC fuses, DC SPD and DC switch
• Essential model + external DC SPD
• Optimum model
2–12 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

Option 2 (Inverters installed next to AC Combiner groups)

Inverters grouped on the field by clusters “electrically” grouped in AC combiner
box on the field – Inverters mounted on dedicated structures connected to
intermediate AC combiners
Conext CL
Advantages
• Less AC cables
• AC switch and AC SPD not required if considered in AC Combiner box
• Schneider iC60 type of breakers can be used in AC combiners – up to 5
inverters
Disadvantages
• Longer DC string cables might need to opt for higher size of DC cable
• Dedicated structures required for Inverter and AC combiner mounting
• Higher DC cable losses
• Use of RCD is probable
• Optimum model
975-0747-01-01 Revision B 2–13

Option 3 (Inverters installed next to PV inverters without first-level AC Combiners)

Inverters spread on the field – Inverters mounted on PV panel structures and AC
paralleling in MV stations.
Conext CL
Advantages
• Less DC string cables
• Less DC I2R losses
• No need of dedicated structure for Inverter mounting
• Inverters close to PV modules reducing electrified portion of system
during fault
• Covering most of the usable space within boundary
• First level AC combiners avoided resulting in cost savings
Disadvantages
• This type of inverter placement requires external AC switch immediately
after inverter
• Very long AC cables from Inverter to AC combiners
• High AC cable losses
• High number of AC runs from Inverters to MV stations with increased
time and chances of connection mistakes
• Increased size of AC cable will require higher size of terminal blocks in
external AC combiner boxes
• Use of RCD is probable
• Optimum model
2–14 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

Option 4 (Inverters installed next to LV/MV transformer)

DC distribution – Inverters close to LV/MV substation on a dedicated structure
and AC paralleling in LV/MV substation.
Conext CL
Advantages
• Less AC cables
• AC switch and AC SPD not required if considered in AC Combiner box
• Easy access to Inverters for service and maintenance
• RCD not required
Disadvantages
• Longer DC string cables might need to opt for higher size of DC cable
• External DC switch box with SPD required to protect long DC strings
• Combining DC strings might lose benefit of separate MPPT
• Dedicated structures required for Inverter and AC combiner mounting at
MV station
• Higher DC cable losses
• Many long DC string cables increase possibility of wiring mistakes
• Optimum model
975-0747-01-01 Revision B 2–15

2–16 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

3 DC System Design
This chapter on DC Systems Design

contains the following information:
• String and Array Sizing Rules
• String Connections to Conext CL
Inverter
• DC System Component Design - The
DC Box
975-0747-01-01 Revision B 3–1

DC System Design
DC System Design
DANGER

DC system design comprises of Module and Inverter technology assessment,

string sizing, Arrangement and interconnection of strings, string cable sizing and
length management, DC combiner box sizing if required, string / array cable
sizing and routing up to Inverter’s terminal.
Out of the listed tasks, String sizing is the most important one as many other
decisions depend on it. Like type and size of module mounting tables,
interconnection arrangements and cable routing.
String and Array Sizing Rules

1. Number of modules x Voc (at t° min) < inverter Vmax
The no load voltage of the string (Voc x number of modules in series) at the
minimum temperature of the installation location must be lower than the
inverter’s maximum input voltage.
=> This must be strictly observed. Otherwise the inverter may be destroyed.
Apart from the aforementioned rule for preventing destruction of the inverter
two other limits must be observed.
2. Number of modules x Vmpp (at t° max) > inverter Vmin
The operating voltage (Vm x number of modules in series at all temperatures
at the installation location) should fall within the inverter’s MPPT voltage
range. Otherwise, the inverter will stall and energy supply will cease.
3. Isc strings < inverter Isc max
The total Isc current for strings in parallel must be lower than the maximum
input current for the inverter. Otherwise, the inverter limits the supply of
energy delivered to the network.
We will analyze a use case to understand the string and array sizing in detail.
Number of PV Modules in the Series

For one CL inverter, the maximum number of PV Modules that can be connected
in series will be provided under the most extreme conditions that might occur
during the year. This configuration should consider the effects of temperature,
maximum and minimum radiation in the following order, first, to ensure the
3–2 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

DC System Design
inverter providing the minimum voltage start-up of the same, and secondly, to
avoid failures in the inverter from surge, with the main objective of maximizing
electricity production.
Minimum Number of PV Modules

We are basically calculating the minimum number of PV Modules in series. The
worst case condition to consider is the maximum radiation incident on the plane
of PV modules. Considering the voltage supplied by each solar cell decreases
with the intensity of incident on the PV Module, the ideal would be that the
number of PV Modules connected in series to provide at least the minimum
voltage of inverter MPPT operation and that will be 350 V DC.
By defining:
Ns min = Number of PV Modules in series at least,
V min = Minimum voltage for maximum power point tracking,
V oc = Open circuit voltage of the panels,
V minr = Voltage at maximum power point
 = Coefficient of variation of voltage with temperature,

Vmp = Voltage at thge point of maximum power
The losses depend on the temperature difference in cell temperature and 25 ºC

of the Standard Test Conditions, the type of cell, encapsulated by the wind.
The Standard Test Conditions (STC) for measurement are the irradiation
conditions and temperature of the solar cell, widely used to characterize the
cells, PV Modules and solar generators and defined as follows:
• Irradiance : 1,000 W/m2

• Spectral distribution : Air Mass 1.5 G
• Cell temperature : 25 º C
To determine the temperature of the cell in any situation using the following
formula:
Tc = T amb + (I inc (w/m2) × (NOCT–20)/800)
Where:
Tc = temperature of the cell, average temperature
Tamb = ambient temperature
I inc = incident radiation (max annual average)
NOCT = nominal operating cell temperature
For this use case, let's calculate the incident radiation when we have a Vmp of
1000 W/m2 and ambient temperature of 35 °C. Assume that NOCT of PV module
correspond to 48 °C (standard value from manufacturer’s data sheet),
We have cell temperature as:
Tc = 35 + ((1000) × (48 – 20) / 800)) = 70 º C
975-0747-01-01 Revision B 3–3

DC System Design
The temperature difference of the cells relative to Standard Test Conditions will
be:
70 – 25 = 45 º C with a 300 Wp Poly C-Si module
As the manufacturer indicates the variation with temperature of the open circuit
voltage, Vmp to obtain the temperatures of cells shall be indicated by the power
from the PV Module at this temperature divided by the intensity of maximum
power at the same temperature.
This approximation is always the most correct, as the intensity is much more
stable compared to the voltage and it will be possible to assimilate the intensity
variation with temperature of the intensity of a short circuit with the maximum
power.
PV Module  Vmpp/T Vmp Vmp (70ºC)

300Wp Poly C-Si -0.445%/ º C 35.60 28.47
PV module
With this data we can calculate the minimum number of PV Modules to be

connected in series, taking into account that to maintain the minimum voltage
tracking the maximum power is 350 V, we have: 300Wp Poly C-Si module,
Ns min = (Vmin / Vmin r) = (350 / 28.47) = 12.29 modules.
This is the minimum amount of PV Modules to be placed in series with each

brand and ensure the functioning of the inverter 1000 W/m2 and 35°C ambient
temperature.
Maximum Number of PV Modules

The maximum number of PV modules is calculated at the minimum ambient
temperature, considered at the particular geographical installation.
In the second extreme case, the maximum number of PV panels in series that
can be installed to connect the inverter, is given by the ratio between the
maximum input voltage of the inverter and the open circuit voltage of PV Modules
in a situation where the inverter starts with an ambient temperature of 0º C.
Conext CL inverter starts at 130W nominal power value and consider that
approximately we can get to 40 W/m2 radiation accident.
Conservatively considering Tamb min. = -5 ºC.
Operating as in the previous case, we have a cell temperature:
Tc = -5 + ((40 × (48 – 20)/800)) = -3.6 ºC,
The temperature difference of the cells relative to Standard Test Conditions will
be:
-3.6 – 25 = - 28.6 ºC
3–4 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

DC System Design
PV Module  Voc/T Voc Voc (-3.6 ºC)

300Wp Poly C-Si -0.332%/ º C 45.0 49.7
PV module
Since the maximum voltage is 1,000 V borne by inverters we can know the
maximum number of panels to be placed in series will be: for a 300Wp Poly C-Si
module,
Ns max = (Vmax inv / Voc (0ºC amb)
= (1000 / 49.27) = 20.29
With this we get the maximum number of PV Modules to be placed in series.
Any chosen configuration between 13 to 20 modules will fit, but 20 would be the
most desirable choice.
Number of PV Modules in Parallel

The maximum number of strings installed in parallel connected to Conext
CLConext CL inverters, will be calculated taking into account the worst case for
intensity in the field panels to the inverter.
Whereas the PV Module temperature in 70 °C would have:
2 MPPT / inverter with a maximum input current of 31A DC per MPPT
For 3 strings per MPPT, the maximum current would be:
Impp = 8.30 x 3 = 24.9 Amp at 25 °C Amp modules and 1,000 W

radiation.
If the PV Modules reach 70º C, the increased current would be:
9.16 A × (0.087 / 100) × (70 - 25) × 3 (strings) = 1.07 Amp
Current Total: 24.9 + 1.075 = 25.975 Amp is below the 31 Amp.
The configuration chosen will have 3 strings per MPPT as maximum.
Here we complete our task of string and array sizing.
Schneider Electric offers Conext Designer – A PV string sizing tool to accurately

calculate the size of strings for the selected modules with Conext CL inverters.
The tool is easy to use and available for both Mac and Windows users. The
following link can be used to download the tool.
http://solar.schneider-electric.com/product/conext-designer/
String Connections to Conext CL Inverter

Conext CL inverter’s maximum DC Input current is 31A and Max. Short circuit
current is 40A for independent MPPT operation.
Any string to be connected to each MPPT input has to be within this limit of Short
circuit current for Independent MPPT operation.
975-0747-01-01 Revision B 3–5

DC System Design
For a Single MPPT operation (MPPT inputs shorted) current limits to follow are
62A for Impp and 77A for Isc.
For the sizing of Strings to connect with Conext CL inverters, one must observe
the short circuit current of PV Module it is going to connect with and number of
parallel string being connected to each MPPT or overall. If there is any multiplier
to be considered based on local standardization or safety authorities, cables and
overcurrent protection devices should be rated for this multiplier (like 25%
overrated).
The DC switch provided with Conext CL inverter is rated 40A DC current and it
breaks both MPPT inputs simultaneously when operated.
Schneider Electric recommends to use One MPPT configuration in case of odd

number of strings being connected to Inverter, if there is no significant difference
within strings (like shadowing or different tilt or a different configuration). In case
of difference in configuration of strings (like tile, shadow, mismatch etc.) dual
MPPT operation is advisable with balanced input.
20kW Conext CL Inverter if connected to four strings, can be used without fuses
but just using Y type string connectors (near PV modules) to combine two strings
into one and terminating one cable on each MPPT terminal. This solution is most
economical option for string connections. Similar approach is not possible for
25kW CL Inverters as more than two strings in parallel requires fuses to avoid
reverse currents in case of fault in one of the parallel connected strings.
DC String Arrangement and Cable Sizing

String cables are sized for three parameters mainly voltage drop, ampacity and
short circuit current. Generally for the PV applications in IEC practice, 4 mm2 Cu,
double insulated, UV protected flexible cables are used to carry string current
which is in order of 8 to 10 Amp.
All DC string cables should be designed for not more than 1% voltage drop.
Following general formula can be used to calculate the % voltage drop in DC

string cables.
2KLI
Vd =  -------------------------------
Cm
Vd
Pct_Vd =  -----------  100
Vop
Where:
Vd, voltage drop (volts)

Vop, the operating voltage at Standard Test Conditions
K, the metal temp coefficient for copper at 25 °C
L, the one way conductor length (m)
I, the operating current at Standard Test Conditions
Cm, the conductor area (circular mm2)
Pct_Vd, the voltage drop at nominal operating conditions (%)
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DC System Design
When a Conext CL inverter is selected with Basic wiring box model, user should
carefully define the DC side protection and disconnect requirement depending
upon the location of inverter with respect to PV module strings.
Length of cable from PV modules to the Inverter / DC Combiner box depends on

the String interconnections and cable routing at the back of PV modules.
There are several ways modules can be installed using some standard racking
options. We suggest our customers to analyze following parameter before
deciding the type of arrangement to interconnect.
Example:
If 300Wp modules to be connected to a 25kW Conext Inverter for any assumed

location where string sizing ends up in 18 modules/ string and considering 20%
oversizing we have following system to connect.
1. DC size – 25kw X 1.2 = 30kWp

2. AC size – 25kW
3. Module size – 300Wp Multi C-Si
4. String size – 18 module/string
5. Number of Strings – (30X1000)/(300X18) = 5.556
Since this set up does not end up in a complete number, we have following
choices:
• Connect 5 string to each inverter with oversizing of 8%

• Connect 6 strings to each inverter with oversizing of 29.6%
• Reduce the rating of Modules from 300Wp to 280Wp and connect 6 strings
with 20% oversizing
• Increase the rating of Modules form 300Wp to 330Wp and connect 5 strings
with 19% oversizing
• Reduce the number of modules in string to 16 and connect 6 strings with
15% O/S
• Increase the number of modules in string to 20 and connect 5 strings with
20% O/S
Recommended basic rules for string formation
1. Select EVEN number for modules in a string.

2. Select EVEN number of strings in a inverter, if possible.
3. Try to maximize modules per string within Voc and Vmpp limits of Inverter.
4. Formation of strings should be designed in a way that cable management at
the back of modules could be followed as per electrical installation rules and
with shortest string cable length as well as minimum bends.
5. Support the Connectors and avoid sharp bend from PV Module cable box.
6. If possible, keep the PV module strings connected and formed in horizontal
lines to avoid row shadow impact on all strings in each wing of racks or
trackers.
7. Follow the instructions of PV module manufacture to select Portrait or
Landscape position of Modules.
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DC System Design
8. Connect shadowed strings to same MPPT and others to the different MPPT to
achieve maximum harvest.
9. Do not combine separate ratings of PV modules in one string
Now considering above basic rules and given situation, we decide to connect 20
PV modules of 300Wp in one string and 5 strings to each inverter.
String cable lengths should be managed by deciding proper interconnection

method and racking block design. An example for 5 string connection with
landscape modules is as below.
Figure 3-1 String arrangement and interconnection example with Landscape
The other way to connect the string when portrait arrangement is chosen can be:
3–8 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

DC System Design
Figure 3-2 String arrangement and interconnection example with Portrait oriented modules
It is essential to understand and select the right circuit components when any PV
system is designed. After the cables, racking and strings, we will move on to the
next circuit component identified as DC Box.
DC Box consists of Disconnect switches, Surge protection devices and Thermal

release (optional) for emergency operation.
Schneider Electric offers DC Box solution for such installation.
DC System Component Design - The DC Box
Function
1. SW60DC switch – Disconnects each MPPT input of the inverter from the DC
line disconnect.
2. PRD-DC – Protects the inverter against voltage surges coming from DC lines
(Applicable for the Base model only and if circuit required additional SPD).
3. MX+OF releases / MN releases Controls the release of the switches remotely
for emergency purpose – For Rapid shutdown purpose of for fireman safety
requirement.
Typical use
1. The DC box is an optional offer, but is necessary when:
• Local regulations require the use of external DC switch disconnects
• Local regulations require the disconnection of DC lines remotely
(generally as close as possible to the PV modules) in case of emergency
• The lightning risk assessment concludes that protection by SPD is
required
• However, DC Box is required when the base model is chosen
2. The PV array of each MPPT input is preferably disconnected separately
• One switch disconnect per DC input
3. DC box is installed close the PV modules when:
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DC System Design
• Protection by SPD is required and the distance between PV modules and

the inverter is higher than 10 m
• Emergency control of the DC lines is required and the inverter is located
far from the PV modules or inside the building
• Wiring between DC box and inverter must use 6mm² cross-section PV
conductors
Advantages of the offer

1. Two models of DC box:
• with surge protection
• without surge protection
2. Each model is suitable for both CL 20000 E and CL 25000 E inverters.
3. One DC box per inverter, for both MPPT inputs. This allows for separate
disconnection of the PV arrays.
4. Easiness of the DC connections by using PV connectors mounted on the DC
box or close to the DC box.
Figure 3-3 DC Box Schematic Diagram
5. Range for CL 20000 E and CL 25000 E

6. Two models – DC01(R), DC02(R)
• DC01 with switch-disconnects only – DC01R includes release for
emergency control
• DC02 with switch-disconnects and surge voltage protection – DC02R
includes release for emergency control
7. Schneider Component References
Table 3-1 DC Box Component Reference
Components Model Reference Number
Switch SW60 DC – 1000DC, A9N61699 and A9N61701
Disconnect For combined MPPT use
C20NADC
Optional Release MX+OF 26947
48-130 VDC A9N26948
12-24 VDC
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DC System Design
Table 3-1 DC Box Component Reference

Surge Protection iPRD40r -1000DC A9L16436
device
Enclosure Thalassa PLS modular 24 NSYPLS2727DLS24
Note: For combined MPPT operation, C120NADC type DC MCB should be

used instead of SW60DC.
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3–12
4 AC System Design
This chapter on AC Systems Design

• AC System Design
• AC Component Design
975-0747-01-01 Revision B 4–1

AC System Design
AC System Design
DANGER

AC system of PV plant consist of AC switch box, AC combiner box, AC Re-

combiner box, AC Cables, Trenches, LV-MV Transformer, Ring main units at MV
stations in PV field, MV cable circuit and MV station at Grid Box.
AC low voltage circuits with high amount of power needs extreme care to achieve
reliability, safety and highest level of availability of system. Selection of circuit
breakers (MCB and MCCBs), Disconnect switches, Protection devices and
Cables is the key to achieve all three objectives.
Safety and availability of energy are the designer’s prime requirements.
Coordination of protection devices ensures these needs are met at optimized

cost.
Implementation of these protection devices must allow for:
• the statutory aspects, particularly relating to safety of people

• Technical and economic requirements
The chosen switchgear must:
• withstand and eliminate faults at optimized cost with respect to the

necessary performance
• limit the effect of a fault to the smallest part possible of the installation in
order to ensure continuity of supply
Achievement of these objectives requires coordination of protection device

performance, necessary for:
• managing safety and increasing durability of the installation by limiting

stresses
• managing availability by eliminating the fault by means of the circuit-
breaker immediately upstream.
The circuit-breaker coordination means are:
• Cascading
• Discrimination
If the insulation fault is specifically dealt with by earth leakage protection devices,
discrimination of the residual current devices (RCDs) must also be guaranteed.
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AC System Design
Circuit Breaker Coordination

The term coordination concerns the behavior of two devices placed in series in
electrical power distribution in the presence of a short circuit.
Cascading or backup protection

This consists of installing an upstream circuit-breaker D1 to help a downstream
circuit breaker D2 to break short-circuit currents greater than its ultimate
breaking capacity lcuD2. This value is marked lcuD2+D1.
Standard IEC 60947-2 recognizes cascading between two circuit-breakers. For

critical points, where tripping curves overlap, cascading must be verified by
tests.
Discrimination
This consists of providing coordination between the operating characteristics of
circuit breakers placed in series so that should a downstream fault occur, only
the circuit breaker placed immediately upstream of the fault will trip.
Standard IEC 60947-2 defines a current value ls known as the discrimination limit
such that: if the fault current is less than this value ls, only the downstream circuit-
breaker D2 trips if the fault current is greater than this value ls, both circuit-
breakers D1 and D2 trip. Just as for cascading, discrimination must be verified
by tests for critical points.
Discrimination and cascading can only be guaranteed by the manufacturer who

will record his tests in tables.
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AC System Design
Figure 4-1 Summarizing Table
Note: Discrimination and cascading can only be guaranteed by the

manufacturer who will record his tests in tables.
Installation standard IEC 60364 governs electrical installations of buildings.

National standards, based on this IEC standard, recommend good coordination
between the protection switchgear. They acknowledge the principles of
cascading and discrimination of circuit-breakers based on product standard IEC
60947-2.
For more details on Limitation, Cascading and Discrimination of circuit breakers

Schneider Electric’s Low voltage Expert Guide No.5 – “Coordination of LV
protection devices” should be referred.
AC Component Design
Right after Conext CL inverter AC terminals, an AC switch box should be installed
depending on the distance from the first AC combiner. This AC switch box may or
may not have an AC surge protective device. If the wiring box for inverter is
Optimum or Optimum+, C switch box can be selected without AC surge
protection device.
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AC Component Design
The AC Switch Box
Figure 4-2 AC Switch Box Schematic Diagram
Function
1. iC60H, 40A MCB protects and disconnects inverter from the AC line.
2. Quick PRD protects the inverter against voltage surges coming from AC
lines.
Typical use
1. The AC box is an optional offer, but is necessary when:
• the distance or an obstacle between inverter and AC combiner box
prevents the safe disconnection of the inverters at the AC combiner box
level and/or
• the distance between inverter and AC combiner box is more than 10 m
and may prevent the safe surge voltage protection of the inverter at the
AC combiner box level
2. AC box is located near the inverter
• generally needs an outdoor enclosure
3. Possible long distance between AC switch box and AC combiner box
• requires cross-section terminals for output cabling higher than 6 mm2
(maximum cross-section of the cables at the AC plug)
Advantages of the offer

1. Two models of the AC box:
• with surge protection
• without surge protection
Possibility to increase cross-section cables to reduce AC losses - output
cables terminals up to 35 mm2
2. Range for CL 20000 E and CL 25000 E
3. Two models – AC01, AC02
• AC01 with switch-disconnect only
• AC02 with switch-disconnect and surge voltage protection
975-0747-01-01 Revision B 4–5

AC System Design
Table 4-1 AC Box Component Reference

AC MCB iC60H 40A or 50A, 4p A9F87440, A9F87450
Surge Protection I Quick PRD40r -1000DC A9L16294
device
Enclosure Thalassa PLS modular 12 NSYPLS1827PLS12
for AC01
Thalassa PLS modular 24 NSYPLS2227DLS24

for AC02
AC Cable sizing
AC Cable sizing calculation consists of ampacity, voltage drop, short circuit
calculation and thermal de-rating of AC cables.
To limit the power loss up to acceptable limits, after selecting a suitable size of
cable with proper ampacity, short circuit rating and voltage grade the most
important part is to calculate voltage drop. We advise to keep AC cable overall
power losses in range of <1%. This would ensure smooth operation of multiple
units in parallel at one transformer LV winding.
Formulae commonly used to calculate voltage drop in a given circuit per

kilometer of length.
U = 3Is  R cos  + X sin  L
100U
%Vd = -----------------
Un
Where:
X, inductive reactance of a conductor in /km

, phase angle between voltage and current in the circuit considered
Is, the full load current in amps
L, length of cable (km)
R, resistance of the cable conductor in /km
Un, phase to phase voltage
Vn, phase to neutral voltage
AC cable sizes between Conext CL inverters and AC Combiner boxes will mostly
depend on the distance between them. Output current of Conext CL 20kW
inverter is 32A and 25kW Inverter is 37A (33A for NA version) Considering the
de-rating factors due to cable laying methodology and thermal de-rating due to
conduits, mostly 16 mm2 4 core AL cable fits in to the most instances.
The following table provides recommended maximum cable lengths for

8.86 mm2, 13.29 mm2 and 21.14 mm2 conductor size from inverter to AC
distribution box. It indicates tentative figures for power loss with respect to length
and size. We advise the installer to carry out a detailed cable sizing calculation
specifically for each inverter and location.
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AC Component Design
It is essential to calculate and consider the correct fault level on each combiner
bus level in order to select the right size of cable, MCB, MCCB and RCD, Surge
protection and Disconnect devices.
Following methodology can help to understand this calculation.
If the AC cable length exceeds 10 m (32.8ft), the use of an AC switch box closer
to the inverter is recommended. This switchbox can be used to connect higher
size of cable, if required to avoid voltage drop.
Table 4-2 Percentage losses for Cu cable w.r.t maximum AC cable length
AC Cable length 10 mm2 16 mm2 25 mm2

20 KVA - % losses for copper cable
25m 0.4% 0.22% 0.14%
50m 0.7% 0.45% 0.28%
75m 1.1% 0.67% 0.42%
100m 1.4% 0.90% 0.56%
25 KVA - % losses for copper cable
25m 0.7% 0.42% 0.27%
50m 1.3% 0.85% 0.53%
75m 2.0% 1.27% 0.80%
100m 2.7% 1.69% 1.06%
Aluminum cables can be used to connect Conext CL Inverter output to AC

Combiner Box. Designer/installer has to be careful about calculating the cable
voltage drop and power loss while designing the system especially using
Aluminum cables. It is very important to consider both resistive and reactive
component of voltage drop in cable sizing calculation. Reactive part of
Impedance of cable plays essential role in parallel operation of Inverters. Target
should be to reduce it as much as possible to increase the number of parallel
connected inverters at LV winding of Transformer (considering intermediate AC
distribution boxes).
AC Combiner Box
AC combiner box is first level combiners, mostly located in the PV field in large
utility scale projects. AC combiner box houses the first level protection for
Inverters on AC side (if not applied in AC box). The outgoing line from AC
combiner to LV/MV station holds disconnects or if required, it should be
protected with circuit breakers.
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AC System Design
Figure 4-3 AC Switch Box Schematic Diagram
Function
1. Combines AC currents coming from several inverters.
2. Isolates the combiner box from AC line.
3. Output switch-disconnector, INS type.
4. Protects AC lines to inverters against over-currents.
5. Circuit breaker C60 N/H/L (according prospective current), four poles, C
curve, 40 A (for CL 20kW) & 63A (for CL 25kW).
6. Protects inverters against voltage surges from AC line.
7. Quick PRD, 4p.
8. If not done at the AC box level.
Typical use
1. AC combiner box is located near the inverters.
2. Long distance between AC combiner box and AC distribution box.
3. Requires high cross-section terminals for output cabling.
Depending upon the number of inverters being combined at AC combiner’s bus-

bar, the incoming lines can be protected using MCBs or MCCBs. Selection of this
component depends upon rated circuit current, expected fault current, fault
clearing time and remote operation requirements. Length of cable connected
between Ac combiner output and AC Re-Combiner input plays very important
role as longer length reduces the fault current to break. See the following
example circuit.
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AC Component Design
Above circuit has 20m length from AC combiner to AC Re-combiner. Resulting

Fault level at AC Combiner bus bar is 17.64kA and choice of Breaker is NG125N
MCCB (25kA).
Now, increase the length of cable and check again!
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AC System Design
This time the Fault current reduces to 10.84kA allowing to select C120H MCB
with 15kA fault level.
Following graph indicates the relation between Iscmax and length of LV array
cable.
Please note that size and type of cable selected here affects the fault level on
bus-bar of AC combiner box. So length as well as size of cable should be
considered carefully to select the economical yet most effective and safe circuit
breaker solution.
Methodology to calculate the Fault level at AC Combiner Bus-bar
For a combiner box connected to Re-combiner box with 120mm2 size AL cable
of 20m length and Re-combiner box connects to a 1000kVA 22kV/400V, 6%
transformer.
Fault level at AC combiner bus bar = Voltage × Voltage correction factor C/ Fault
impedance
= 400×1.05 / (ZTR-LV + ZCable)×sqrt3
= 400×1.05 / {(RTR-LV + Rcable)2+(XTR-LV 2 + Xcable2)1/2}×sqrt3
For a 1000KVA, 22kV / 400V transformer with Voltage factor c=1.05 and Short
circuit impedance 6% and Load loss of 10550kW,
Transformer LV impedance ZTR-LV
= 400×400×0.06/1000×1000
= 0.0096 Ohms
RTR-LV = Losses×LV voltage/ (kVA capacity)2
= 10550×400/10002×10002
= 0.001688 Ohms
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AC Component Design
XTR-LV = sqrt(Z2-R2) = 0.009450432 Ohms
Cable Impedance Zcable = Sqrt (Rcable2 + Xcable2)
Rcable = Resistance @ 90oC× length / runs×1000)2 = 0.0064515
Xcable = Reactance×length/1000 = 0.00164342
Fault level at AC combiner bus bar
= Voltage × Voltage correction factor C/ Fault impedance
= 400 × 1.05/ (ZTR-LV+ZCable)×sqrt3
= 400 × 1.05 / {(RTR-LV+ Rcable)2+(XTR-LV 2+Xcable2)1/2}×sqrt3
= 400 × 1.05 / {0.0081122 + 0.011097822} ½ × sqrt3
= 17.64 kA
So for this scenario Following will be the choice of circuit breakers with
calculated fault current.
Selection of Switch-disconnect for AC Combiner box also depends on this fault

current and nominal continuous current the AC Combiner box is going to handle.
Like for an AC Combiner box combining 5 Conext CL inverters (5×25kW =

125kW) operating current can be as high as 181 A (125×1000/400V× sqrt3).
Considering the operating margin 200A switch-disconnect to withstand up to
20kA fault current would be a right choice for above case. Compact INS type
switch Disconnects can be used for this purpose.
AC Re-Combiner Box
• The AC Re-Combiner box is adapted according to the type of grid box and
the requirements of the utility.
• The AC Re-Combiner box is divided into two parts:
• LV AC Re-Combiner to connects to all AC combiner boxes while
protecting the cabling and possibly measuring currents
• LV connection to connect to the grid box while ensuring compatibility
with grid box and utility requirements
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AC System Design
AC Re-combiner box re-combines all AC Combiner box at one bus-bar and

accumulated power flows to the transformer LV winding to get transferred to MV
network.
AC Re-combiner box is or mostly will be located at LV-MV station inside the kiosk
or outside on concrete pad. All incoming lines from AC Combiners in PV field are
connected to incoming line’s molded case type circuit breakers and outgoing to
LV transformer winding can be connected to either a MCCB or an Air circuit
breaker depending on the space requirements.
Selection of these MCCBs and ACB should be following the similar rule we
encountered for AC Combiners. It is worth to notice once more that
discrimination and cascading of circuit breakers helps to design more accurate
protection philosophy as well as can save lot of capital cost because of the
reduced fault level capacity of components due to limitation feature.
Fault level at transformer’s LV terminal will be mostly same as fault level on AC

Re-combiner’s bus-bar due to very short distance between Transformer and Re-
combiner panel.
Methodology to calculate Fault level on AC Re-combiner’s bus bar
Fault level at AC Re-combiner bus bar
= Voltage × Voltage correction factor C/ Fault impedance
= 400×1.05/(ZTR-LV+Zgrid)×sqrt3
= 400×1.05/{(RTR-LV+ RLV-grid)2+(XTR-LV 2+XLV-grid2)1/2}×sqrt3
Considering the MV connection at 22kV and Grid short circuit power of 500MVA,
we will use following values to calculate Grid impedance at LV side of
transformer.
MV voltage: 22kV,
Short circuit power from grid: 500MVA,
Transformer LV voltage: 400V,
Voltage factor c for MV grid: 1.1,
Size of transformer: 1000KVA
First, calculate MV impedance,
ZMV-grid = (RMV-grid2+XMV-grid2)1/2
ZMV-grid = c × Grid voltage/Grid current
= 1.1× 22000/ (500X106 / 22000×sqrt3)
= 1.0648 Ohms
XMV-grid = 0.995 × ZMV-grid = 0.995 × 1.0648
= 1.059476 Ohms
RMV-grid = (ZMV-grid2-XMV-grid2)1/2 = 0.106347 Ohms
Then, calculate Grid LV impedance from Grid MV values,
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AC Component Design
XLV-grid = XMV-grid × (LV Voltage 2 / MV Voltage 2)
= 1.059476 (4002/220002)
= 0.00035 Ohms
RLV-grid = RMV-grid × (LV Voltage 2 / MV Voltage 2)
= 0.106347 (4002/220002) = 3.52×10-5 Ohms
Then, calculate Transformer impedance values and Transformer LV impedance
ZTR-LV = 400×400×0.06/1000×1000
= 0.0096 Ohms
RTR-LV = Losses×LV voltage/ (kVA capacity)2
= 10550×400/10002×10002
= 0.001688 Ohms
XTR-LV = sqrt(Z2 - R2)
= 0.009450432 Ohms
Using the above four values in formulae for Bus-bar fault level calculation,
Fault level at AC Re-combiner bus-bar
= 400×1.05/{(RTR-LV+ RLV-grid)2+(XTR-LV 2+XLV-grid2)1/2}×sqrt3
= 25.26 kA
Selection of incoming circuit breaker, bus-bar and outgoing circuit breaker shall
be based on this fault level calculation and nominal rated current.
For a 1 MVA standard block, with 40 Conext CL inverters, 8 AC Combiner boxes

combining 5 inverters each, the AC Re-combiner box will have 8 incomers, each
with 200A nominal current and respective fault level. Length of cables between
AC Re-combiner and transformer (being very short) doesn’t make much
difference to selection of circuit breaker’s fault level. Transformer impedance and
grid short-circuit fault level makes a small difference but not significant. The
major difference comes from size of transformer and LV voltage level. Designer
should consider this during designing the system.
Following example gives some idea about selection of breaker.
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AC System Design
When we replace 2500kVA transformer with 1000kVA transformer, fault level

significantly reduces on AC Re-combiner’s bus-bar and NSX630F and N type
breakers become eligible to be used for incomers.
Above example is just for understanding of dependency of circuit breaker

selection on bus-bar fault level. And dependency of bus-bar fault level in
selection of components.
Distribution control
Distribution control may be required for monitoring purposes.
• Can capture measurements from NSX µLogic devices or capture utility

metering information.
• Can be located inside the AC Re-Combiner box if room is available or in
a dedicated enclosure close to the AC Re-Combiner box.
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AC Component Design
Figure 4-4 Distribution Control Diagram
Function
1. Combines AC currents coming from the AC combiner boxes.
2. Connects to the grid box while ensuring compatibility with the grid box and
compliance with grid connection requirements.
3. Protects the AC lines connected to the AC combiner boxes
• using C120 circuit breakers or Compact NSX according current and
Fault level at bus bar, optionally with Vigi modules.
4. Protects against voltage surges coming from AC lines
• using type 1 or type 2 SPD, protected by circuit breaker.
5. Isolates the AC Re-Combiner box (and the whole PV installation) from the AC
line.
6. Optionally, monitors currents and energies at each input.
• Use of µLogic™ 5.2E module for protection and monitoring purposes.
7. When a remote emergency shutdown is required, an optional release MN or
MX is used at the LV connection stage.
Typical use
1. Different types of AC Re-Combiner box are required according to the type of
grid box and to the need for an external protective relay.
2. In the case of connecting only one AC combiner box, only the LV connection
stage of the AC Re-Combiner box is required.
3. The AC Re-Combiner box can be located indoors or outdoors, normally
close to the grid box.
4. Buildings protected with lightning rods require the use of type 1 SPDs at AC
Re-Combiner box level.
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AC System Design
Recommended System Design

We recommend following configuration for reliability and higher system
availability.
System Technical Summary

Block size: 1000 kVA
Transformer: 1000kVA, 5.5%, 22000V/

400V, Dyn11, Oil immersed type
AC Re-combiner: 8 incoming, 1
outgoing, SPD
Incoming – NSX type MCCB 200A, curve
C, 3P
Outgoing – Compact NS or NT type Air CB
1600A with TM-D or Micrologic trip unit, 3P
Surge protection on Main bus-bar – iPRD
65r
Bus bar – Cu, 400V, 30kA (mostly with
500MVA grid capacity)
Grounding bus, Metal enclosure (IP 54 or
higher)
AC Combiner*:
5 incoming, 1 outgoing, SPD
Incoming – iC60- N (upto 10kA) or H (upto
15kA) type MCB 40A, curve C, 4P
Outgoing – Interpact INS250-200A type
Switch-Disconnect, 4P
Surge protection on Main bus-bar – iPRD
40r
Bus bar – Cu, 400V, 15kA (if Cable to Re-
combiner is <95mm2 for >30m)
Grounding bus, Metal enclosure (IP 54 or
higher)
AC Cables:
AC Combiner to Re-combiner 4C, 1.1kV
grade, AL, XLPE, 95mm2 or higher
Inverter to AC Combiner –
4C, 1.1kV grade, AL, XLPE, 16mm2 or
higher
DC Cables:
Module strings to Inverter
4 or 6 mm2, solar PV grade 1000V, UV
protected
Note: *If four incoming AC Combiners are

selected, Kaedra XT type enclosure can be
used for a cost competitive solution.
NSX160 MCB can be used to further
reduce the cost.
4–16 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

AC Component Design
CB Protection – Discrimination tables for selection.

To achieve right level of discrimination and cascading between selected circuit
breakers, follow these tables. If the installed circuit breakers have different
combinations, follow “Complementary technical information” : Low voltage
catalogue – document to check more discrimination tables.
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AC System Design
4–18 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

AC Component Design
975-0747-01-01 Revision B 4–19

4–20
5 Important Aspects
of a Decentralized
System Design
This chapter on the aspects of a

decentralized system design contains the
following information:
• Selection of Surge Protection device
for Decentralize PV systems
• Grounding System Design for
Decentralized PV systems
• Grid Connection
• Role of Circuit Impedance in Parallel
Operation of Multiple Conext CL String
Inverters
975-0747-01-01 Revision B 5–1

Important Aspects of a Decentralized System Design
Selection of Surge Protection device for Decentralize PV

systems
DANGER

Surge arrestors protect the electrical wiring, components and system from
lightning surges. Role of surge arrester is to drive the lightning current to the
earth in very short time (<350 microseconds). However surge arrestors are not
intended to be exposed to a permanent over voltages. In that case, it might
create a short circuit and may damage the switch board. iPRD PV-DC direct
current surge arresters are designed to protect against Over voltages due to a
lightning strike: of the "DC" input to the inverter and of Photovoltaic panels.
Surge protection selection points:
• The protection level of SPD must be lower than the impulse withstand voltage
level of equipment protected by SPD
• For a TNC grounding scheme, 3P SPDs should be used
• For a TNS grounding scheme, 3P+N SPDs should be used.
• If the PV system is installed in vicinity (within 50m) of a lightning protection
rod or lightning termination, Type 1 SPD will be required to safeguard the
inverter from lightning discharge currents as It is used to conduct the direct
lightning current, propagating from the earth conductor to the network
conductors.
• Geographical conditions cause the specific level of Lightning Flash density.
Based on the level of lightning flash density and commercial value of
equipment protected, level of surge protection has to be decided and so is
the fault level (kA) of SPD.
• After having chosen the surge protection device for the installation, the
appropriate disconnection circuit-breaker is to be chosen from the opposite
table. Its breaking capacity must be compatible with the installation’s
breaking capacity and each live conductor must be protected. E.g. 3P+N
SPD must be combined with a 4P MCCB or MCB.
Use of SPDs on DC circuits

iPRD PV-DC type surge protection devices should be installed in a switchboard
inside the building. If the switchboard is located outside, it must be weatherproof.
Withdrawable iPRD PV-DC surge arresters allow damaged cartridges to be
replaced quickly.
5–2 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

Selection of Surge Protection device for Decentralize PV systems
The surge arrester base can be turned over to allow the phase/neutral/earth
cables to enter through either the top or the bottom. They offer remote reporting
of the “cartridge must be changed” message.
Depending on the distance between the “generator” part and the “conversion”
part, it may be necessary to install two surge arresters or more, to ensure
protection of each of the two parts.
Calculation for DC surge protection:
• to protect the inverter you need to have Protection level Up (surge arrester)
< 0,8 Uw (inverter)
• if the distance between the module and inverter > 10m, a second surge
protection should be installed close to the module except if Up < 0,5 Uw
(module)
Uw is the impulse withstand.
The CL should be category III and that means its Uw = 6kV.
The 1000V modules are usually cat A so their Uw = 8kV.
iPRD40r 1000V DC surge arrestor is Up = 3.9kV.
So, 3.9 < 0.8 x 6 = 4.8kV: the protection of the inverter is good.
And, 3.9 < 0.5 x8 = 4kV: there is no need of additional surge arrestor to
protect the modules.
The following diagram indicates the additional SPD requirement considering that
impulse withstand voltage of PV module is lesser than Up of SPD inside Conext
CL inverter.
975-0747-01-01 Revision B 5–3

Following is a use case example to understand the installation of SPDs.
5–4 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

Figure 5-1 Installation of SPDs
In the case of PV architecture without an earthed polarity on the DC side and with
a PV inverter or with galvanic isolation, it is necessary to:
• protect each string of photovoltaic modules with a C60PV-DC installed in

the junction box near the PV modules;
• Add an insulation monitoring device on the DC side of the PV inverter in
order to indicate first earth fault and actuate stoppage of inverter as soon
as it occurs.
Restarting will be possible only after eliminating the fault.
Schneider Electric has certified coordination between the surge arrester and its
disconnection circuit breaker (IEC 61643-11 2005 version). The following
diagram indicates the possible coordination with Type 2 SPDs.
For the installations with lightning rod within 50m of area, Type 1 SPDs to be used
with following coordination with disconnecting devices.
975-0747-01-01 Revision B 5–5

Figure 5-2 Type 2 SPDs
Use of SPD on AC Circuits in Decentralized PV systems

AC output circuit of Conext CL inverter can be protected by selecting Optimum
model of Conext CL inverter with AC SPD inside the wiring box of the inverter.
Client must note that the following points have been chosen using the Optimum
type wiring box with AC SPD.
• This AC SPD is provides type 2 protection to Inverter from AC system

surges from grid. For the protection of AC Low voltage system, we
recommend to select respective type of SPD based on country code and
area lightning protection requirements.
• We recommend using suitable circuit disconnecting means with SPD
device inside or outside the inverter wiring box.
• The SPD provided inside wiring box is not meant to protect AC LV grid
components.
5–6 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

• For an effective surge protection, shorten the length of cables. Lightning

is a phenomenon that generates high frequency voltage. 1 m length of
cable crossed by a lightning current generates approximate over voltage
in order of 1000V.
• In practice, consider intermediate grounding terminals inside the switch
boards to shorten the cable lengths. IEC 60364-5-534 mandates to
restrict the overall length of cables (connected to SPD and terminating to
ground) up to 50cm
Here is the circuit of internal SPD connections of Conext CL wiring box.
Figure 5-3 Circuit of Internal SPD Connections
In 3phase AC LV systems, surge protection is also dependent upon the type of

grounding system is followed for the wiring of 3 phases and neutral. Following
examples provide understanding about connection of SPDs in AC LV circuits.
Figure 5-4 TN-S Earthing System, 3-Phase + Neutral
975-0747-01-01 Revision B 5–7

Figure 5-5 TN-C Earthing System, 3-Phase
Figure 5-6 MEN Earthing System, 3-Phase
Grounding System Design for Decentralized PV systems

General Understanding of Grounding
The different grounding schemes (often referred to as the type of power system
or system grounding arrangements) described characterize the method of
grounding the installation downstream of the secondary winding of a MV/LV
transformer and the means used for grounding the exposed conductive-parts of
the LV installation supplied from it.
The choice of these methods governs the measures necessary for protection
against indirect-contact hazards.
The grounding system qualifies three originally independent choices made by

the designer of an electrical distribution system or installation:
The type of connection of the electrical system (that is generally of the neutral
conductor) and of the exposed parts to earth electrode (s)
A separate protective conductor or protective conductor and neutral conductor

being a single conductor
The use of earth fault protection of overcurrent protective switchgear which clear
only relatively high fault currents or the use of additional relays able to detect and
clear small insulation fault currents to earth
5–8 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

In practice, these choices have been grouped and standardized as explained

below.
Each of these choices provides standardized grounding systems with three

advantages and drawbacks:
• Connection of the exposed conductive parts of the equipment and of the

neutral conductor to the PE conductor results in equi-potentiality and
lower over voltages but increases earth fault currents.
• A separate protective conductor is costly even if it has a small cross-
sectional area but it is much more unlikely to be polluted by voltage
drops and harmonics, etc. than a neutral conductor is. Leakage currents
are also avoided in extraneous conductive parts.
• Installation of residual current protective relays or insulation monitoring
devices are much more sensitive and permit in many circumstances to
clear faults before heavy damage occurs (motors, fires, electrocution).
The protection offered is in addition independent with respect to
changes in an existing installation.
Grounding for PV Systems

PV systems are either insulated from the earth or one pole is earthed through an
overcurrent protection. In both set-ups, therefore, there can be a ground fault in
which current leaks to the ground. If this fault is not cleared, it may spread to the
healthy pole and give rise to a hazardous situation where fire could break out.
Even though double insulation makes such an eventuality unlikely, it deserves full
attention.
Figure 5-7 Reverse Current
For the two following reasons the double fault situation shall be absolutely
avoided: Insulation monitoring devices or overcurrent protection in earthed
system shall detect first fault and staff shall look after the first fault and clear it
with no delay:
975-0747-01-01 Revision B 5–9

• The fault level could be low (e.g. two insulation faults or a low short-
circuit capability of the generator in weak sunlight) and below the
tripping value of overcurrent protection (circuit breaker or fuses).
However, a DC arc fault does not spend itself, even when the current is
low. It could be a serious hazard, particularly for PV modules on
buildings.
• Circuit breakers and switches used in PV systems are designed to break
the rated current or fault current with all poles at open-circuit maximum
voltage (UOC MAX). To break the current when UOC MAX is equal to
1000V, for instance, four poles in series (two poles in series for each
polarity) are required. In double ground fault situations, the circuit
breaker or switches must break the current at full voltage with only two
poles in series. Such switchgear is not designed for that purpose and
could sustain irremediable damage if used to break the current in a
double ground fault situation.
The ideal solution is to prevent double ground faults arising. Insulation monitoring
devices or overcurrent protection in grounded systems detects the first fault.
However, although the insulation fault monitoring system usually stops the
inverter, the fault is still present. Staff must locate and clear it without delay. In
large generators with sub arrays protected by circuit breakers, it is highly
advisable to disconnect each array when that first fault has been detected but
not cleared within the next few hours.
Example of grounding circuit connections for a decentralized PV design.
Figure 5-8 Grounding Circuit Connections
Sizing of grounding conductor should be followed by country and area

installation codes for grounding PV systems. Selection of system components
like SPDs, MCCB and MCB, Disconnect switches, Panel enclosures and cables
should be in accordance with the type of grounding system followed by utility
and installed type of transformer. Typical practices followed by local area safety
council and fire-fighting departments should be taken into consideration while
designing the PV system grounding scheme.
5–10 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

Transformer selection for decentralize PV plants with Conext CL

Transformers for PV application are designed with respect to the size of AC
block. We recommend multiplication of 1000kVA block for large MW scale plants.
For smaller residential or commercial plants which needs to connect to Utility
POC at medium voltage level can be ranged anywhere between 100kW to
1000kW.
Some features a transformer for PV system could be,
• A shield winding is recommended as a dU/dt filter between the low

voltage and high voltage windings.
• LV-MV impedance Z (%) for the transformer must be within 4.5% to 6%;
nominally 6%. In case of multiple LV windings, Z (%) refers to a
simultaneous short circuit on all LV terminals.
The configuration of the MV transformer should take into account the local grid
frequency and should meet local and regional standards.
The low voltage (inverter-side) windings of the MV transformer can only be

configured as floating Wye (Dyn11). If the MV side of the system is grounded
Wye, use of a floating Wye on the inverter side may not be allowed by the local
utility. Make sure you understand your system configuration and the utility’s rules
before installation.
The following standard sizes of transformers are listed under IEC and the table
indicates generalized power loss values for transformer ratings and impedance.
Table 5-1 Power loss values for transformer ratings and impedancea
On load losses No load losses
Ucc Sn Dk Ck Bk Ak E0 D0 C0 B0 A0
4% 50 kVA 1350 W 1100 W 870 W 750 W 190 W 145 W 125 W 110 W 90 W
100 kVA 2150 W 1750 W 1475 W 1250 W 320 W 260 W 210 W 180 W 145 W
160 kVA 3100 W 2350 W 2000 W 1700 W 460 W 375 W 300 W 260 W 210 W
250 kVA 4200 W 3250 W 2750 W 2350 W 650 W 530 W 425 W 360 W 300 W
315 kVA 5000 W 3900 W 3250 W 2800 W 770 W 630 W 520 W 440 W 360 W
400 kVA 6000 W 4600 W 3850 W 3250 W 930 W 750 W 610 W 520 W 430 W
500 kVA 7200 W 5500 W 4600 W 3900 W 1100 W 880 W 720 W 610 W 510 W
630 8400 W 6500 W 5400 W 4600 W 1300 W 1030 W 860 W 730 W 600 W
(4%)
6% 630 8700 W 6750 W 5600 W 4800 W 1200 W 940 W 800 W 680 W 560 W
(6%)
800 kVA 10500 W 8400 W 7000 W 6000 W 1400 W 1150 W 930 W 800 W 650 W
1000 13000 W 10500 W 9000 W 7600 W 1700 W 1400 W 1100 W 940 W 770 W
kVA
1250 16000 W 13500 W 11000 W 9500 W 2100 W 1750 W 1350 W 1150 W 950 W
kVA
1600 20000 W 17000 W 14000 W 12000 W 2600 W 2200 W 1700 W 1450 W 1200 W
kVA
2000 26000 W 21000 W 18000 W 15000 W 3100 W 2700 W 2100 W 1800 W 1450 W
kVA
2500 32000 W 26500 W 22000 W 18500 W 3500 W 3200 W 2500 W 2150 W 1750 W
kVA
a.According to EU regulation 548/2014 – Ecodesign
975-0747-01-01 Revision B 5–11

For multi MW PV systems, we recommend to parallel 40 Conext CL inverters to

each LV winding of transformer. This defines the size of block to 1000kVA for
25kW and 800kVA for 20kW inverters. Its advisable to use lower impedance and
oversized transformer for smooth parallel operation of Inverters. Like for a 500kW
system (20 x 25kW CL inverters) a 630kW transformer with 4% impedance would
be the best choice. Its recommended to use the standards size of transformer
available in market to avoid long manufacturing time and higher market prices.
Schneider Electric offers Minera PV type high efficiency oil immersed transformer
for photovoltaic systems up to 1250kVA and 36kV, 50/60 Hz.
Monitoring System Design

Since the profitability of photovoltaic installations depends mainly on operational
uptime, it is essential to ensure that they are permanently up and running. The
best way of ensuring this is to install a monitoring and control system covering
key equipment of the installation. It is also essential to select the right monitoring
and control offer that supports the control requirements, if any, of the utility.
Monitoring System Design: Commercial Rooftops and Small Ground Mounted Farms
Each Conext CL Inverter has a data logging capacity and an in-built web server
that helps you to monitor performance and perform diagnostics of the single
inverter locally at the site. Additionally, Schneider Electric will launch several
other offers for remote monitoring and control of Conext CL enabled
decentralized PV plants.
Basic remote Remote monitoring and basic open loop

monitoring control
Typical <= 200kW 100kW to multi-MW
plant size
Hardware No additional Conext SmartBox-BA Conext SmartBox-ES
offer hardware
required.
InsightLink feature
of Conext CL.

An outdoor rated
enclosure with:
• Data-logger An outdoor rated
• Power supply enclosure with:
• Data-logger
• Power supply
• Revenue grade
energy meter
• Extended I/Os
5–12 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

Basic remote Remote monitoring and basic open loop

monitoring control
Hardware Simple plant • Outdoor rated Same strengths as
features monitoring with no • Easy to install data SmartBox-BA with
additional logger to monitor add-on features like:
hardware upto 64 devices
installation • A pre-wired
(inverters/ meters/ revenue grade
sensors) over energy meter
modbus/485
• An ability to accept
• Accept external grid control
control signals commands using
over modbus/TCP digital/analogue
• Scalable to signals
support larger • An ability to
plants through monitor field
master-slave equipment status
configuration (e.g. fire alarms)
using digital inputs
• Optional optical
fiber switch to lay
high speed optical
fiber network for
larger plants
Remote Conext Insight
monitoring
platform
Conext SmartBox Conext SmartBox is designed to be a true plant operator assistant for
configuration, monitoring and diagnostics.
Key features of Conext SmartBox are:
1. SmartInstall
• installation wizard for speedy set-up
2. SmartConfig
• ability to configure all the inverters in the plant with minimum manual data
entry
• file import option to easily replicate standard configurations
975-0747-01-01 Revision B 5–13

3. SmartDiagnose
• on demand 10 seconds data logging for accurate fault diagnostics
• various energy and events log export options for deeper data analysis
4. Other key features
• plant and inverter performance analysis with up to five years of data
• configurable e-mail alerts on device faults
Conext Insight Conext Insight is the remote monitoring and asset management platform to help
you maximize ROI of your PV investments.
Key features of Conext Insight are:
1. Key metrics for all stakeholders

• performance ratio, output as % of installed capacity, remuneration,
environmental impact
• quick and insightful plant portfolio level performance reporting
2. Top-to-bottom analysis granularity to minimize truck rolls in response to
service calls
• multi-plant, single plant, plant sections and individual inverter level
analysis
• real time access to events logs for accurate remote fault diagnostics
3. Analytics reporting to synthesize vast amount of data
• visual analytics optimized for decentralized PV architecture to help in
quick troubleshooting
• inverter level performance deviation alarms
• analysis of top generators of errors and ticket resolution efficiency
• plant level performance notifications e.g. performance ratio decline
4. Richness of data access options
• 24x7 remote access through user friendly HMI optimized for PCs and
tablets
• e-mail notification of plant performance issues
• easy e-mail set-up for periodic performance reports e.g. multi-plant
performance comparison report, yield report etc.
• quick download of energy and events log in CSV/jpg/pdf format
Remote monitoring for small plants (8 inverters)

• Connect each Conext CL inverter directly to Conext Insight portal via router
• No additional monitoring hardware investment is required
• Easy and simple solution for small plants
5–14 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

Figure 5-9 Remote monitoring of a 100kW plant (4X25kW Conext CL inverters)

using InsightLink feature of inverters
Remote monitoring for small to large rooftop and plant (64 inverters) – Smart-
Box BA
• Inverters and accessories (e.g. sensors/meters etc.) are daisy chained to
Conext SmartBox using RS-485
• Conext SmartBox connects to Conext Insight via router
Figure 5-10 Remote monitoring of a 625kW rooftop plant (25X25kW Conext CL

inverters) using Conext SmartBox-BA and Conext Insight portal
Remote monitoring and control of 5MW ground mounted solar farm (200
inverters of 25kW each) – SmartBox ES
• Plant is divided into four blocks of 1.25MW (50 inverters each)
• Total five Conext SmartBox-ES in master-slave configuration connected using
optical fiber network:
975-0747-01-01 Revision B 5–15

• 4 x Conext SmartBox-ES in slave mode (one for each 1.25MW block).

Slave SmartBoxes collect data from the connected inverters/sensors and
send it to Master SmartBox
• 1 x Conext SmartBox-ES in master mode (at the plant level). Master
SmartBox collects data from Slave SmartBoxes and connected sensors
and sends it to portal. Master SmartBox also accepts control commands
from utility and sends the control commands to each Slave SmartBox in
the network

Figure 5-11 Remote monitoring and control of a 5MW ground mounted plant
(200X25kW Conext CL inverters) using Conext SmartBox - ES in master-slave
mode and Conext Insight portal
3rd-party monitoring solutions such as Meteocontrol™, Solar-Log™, Enerwise™,

and Deck™ are pre-tested and qualified for plug and play.
For more information visit:
Meteocontrol: www.meteocontrol.com
Solar-Log: www.solar-log.com
Enerwise: www.enerwise.asia
Deck: www.deckmonitoring.com
5–16 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

Grid Connection
Grid Connection
Connecting to a Public LV network
Rules for connecting a PV installation to an LV network

1. In regards to connecting to a public LV network, power limits vary by country.
For example, 250 kVA in France, 100 kVA in Spain and Italy, 30 to 100 kVA in
Germany.
2. Some local grid codes allow the connection of a PV installation to the grid
without use of an additional protective relay when:
• Inverters are VDE 0126 certified: in France up to 250 kVA, in Germany up
to 30 kVA
3. When a protective relay is required, it must be installed in the distribution box
or in the distribution control box.
• Functions and adjustments of the protection relay vary by country (Min-
Max U, Min-Max F)
Grid Box
1. The connection to an LV network is made through a grid box provided by the
utility.
• Interface is at the terminals of the metering unit or at those of the main
circuit breaker.
• Grid box can be located indoors or outdoors.
2. The grid box is divided into two parts:
• Service connection area accessible only by the utility for service needs
(metering, disconnecting)
• User connection area accessible by the customer for safety needs
(isolation, protection…)
3. User connection area is generally equipped with a main circuit breaker.
• The main circuit breaker can be provided by the customer. If the main
circuit breaker is not included in the grid box, it must be integrated in the
distribution box.
4. Three types of grid boxes (GB1, GB2, GB3) are available to account for
varying types of grid connections.
975-0747-01-01 Revision B 5–17

LV connection interfaces
Connection of PV plant to utility grid terminates at point of common coupling

(PCC). Schneider Electric also provides medium voltage Grid Box solution for
achieving utility requirements at PCC. Generally Grid box mostly consist of:
• A MV switchgear of rated grid voltage, current and fault current breaking

capacity.
• Tariff metering for Utility and Check Metering for PV plant owner.
• PV plant controller
• Supervisory, Control and Data Acquisition system for PV plant (if required by
either utility or client)
5–18 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

Role of Circuit Impedance in Parallel Operation of Multiple Conext CL String Inverters
• PV plant service transformer

• AC power distribution box
• Communication center for SCADA systems and PV plant security (optional)
• Main weather station of PV plant
Depending upon the equipment and systems, size of Grid box changes and
sometime can be multiplied and divided.
Along with basic monitoring capability, Schneider offers very advance state of art
PV plant SCADA systems with Conext control monitoring platform as requested
by client.
Contact Schneider Electric for further understanding of configuration of SCADA

systems, PV plant communication and Grid controller offers.
Role of Circuit Impedance in Parallel Operation of Multiple

Conext CL String Inverters
Multiple string inverters are paralleled in decentralized PV power plants. These
inverters are connected to MV grid using three phase transformer. Transformer
leakage impedance, Cable impedance and Grid impedance constrained the
number of inverters can be paralleled. Interaction between the AC network grid
and distributed PV Inverters (DG – Distributed Generators) may generate
instabilities due to the overall system low frequencies resonance and it is
recommended to avoid high impedance grids (weak grids).
Figure below illustrates a general single line diagram, AC grid-connected Conext

CL string inverters (DG(1)...DG(n)) through two transformer stages. The PV
power plants are usually galvanically separated from the transmission system
(table I) by the following two transformation stages:
• Low-to-medium voltage transformer (Tx.LV-MV)

• Medium-to-high voltage transformer (Tx.MV-HV)
The PV power plant system stability is influenced by the total equivalent

impedance defined as follows with the recommendable limits:
• ZcLV - LV interconnection line impedance <1% p.u.

• ZTxLV.MV - LV to MV transformer impedance <6% p.u.
• ZTxMV.HV - MV to HV transformer impedance <9% p.u.
• ZcHV - HV interconnection line impedance <1% p.u.
Ztotal = ZcLV + ZTxLV.MV + ZcMV.HV + ZTxMV.HV + ZcHV
975-0747-01-01 Revision B 5–19

Figure 5-12 Generic AC Grid Connected Inverters Diagram
For smooth, reliable and continuous parallel operation of Conext CL string

inverters, it is very important to follow following recommendations from Schneider
Electric.
• Restrict the AC cable impedance up to 1% of power loss.

• Restrict the Transformer impedance (between LV and HV winding) up to
4.5% (630 kVA) and up to 6% (<1250 kVA). We do not recommend AC
block size of more than 1000kVA for Conext CL 25kW inverters and 800kVA
for Conext CL 20kW Inverters. Please contact us if the system size is higher
than 1000kVA and we will assist you to configure the system.
• If a three winding transformer is used (HV-LV-LV) including above point, also
maintain the short circuit impedance of minimum or greater than 9% between
each LV winding.
• Oversize (by 20%) the transformer kVA capacity with respect to installed
inverter kW capacity.
• AC cable sizing calculation should also consider the reactive impedance of
cables and not just resistive.
• Grid impedance is a very important parameter for this consideration.
Calculate the grid impedance at PCC before designing the overall PV plant
circuit.
5–20 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

6 Layout
Optimization
This chapter on layout optimization

• Layout Design Rules
• Layouts
975-0747-01-01 Revision B 6–1

Layout Optimization
Layout Design Rules

DANGER

As a recommendation, the following layouts can be used to design standard

blocks using Conext CL inverters.
• Selection of structural design should be based on the string length and

number of strings connected to each inverters.
• Arrangement of Modules on PV structure should be decide in line with length
of string to reduce DC PV string cable route length.
• In case of single axis trackers, this requirement becomes more stringent from
both inverters and tracker’s perspective.
• Location of inverter should be decided prior to define the block size.
• Connection of strings to Inverter and use of DC array combiner will be
dependent on location of string inverter.
• Location of AC array combiner box and LV-MV station should be slected in
line with block size, to divide blocks and reduce cable length from AC
combiners to LV-MV station.
• In most cases, standard defined block should be multiplied to avoid several
wiring mistakes and shorten installation time.
Layouts
1. 250kW Layout with zigzag string connections
2. 250kW Layout with straight string connections
• Distributed Inverters
• Grouped Inverters
3. 500kW Layout with all three types of inverter location configurations
4. 1000kW Layout with grouped Inverters
5. 1000kW Layout with distributed inverters
6–2 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

Bill of materials for Layout
800 PV Modules - 340 Wp, Mono C-Si Modules

10 Inverters - 20kW Conext CL Inverters
20 Tables of 2 rows in portrait for module mounting
40 Strings of 22 Modules each
02 AC Combiners - 200A ( 5 inverters to 1 combiner )
5 x iC60-40A Curve C 4P MCB
1 x INS250-160A 4P Disconnect
01 AC Re-combiner - 600A
2 x NSX160- Curve C 4P MCCB
975-0747-01-01 Revision B
1 x Compact NSX400 4P MCCB
01 250kVA Transformer
lot 4-6 sqmm Cu, PV solar cables
lot 25 sqmm, 4 core AL, XLPE cables
lot 95 sqmm, 4 core AL, XLPE cables
lot 185 sqmm 1core, 2 Runs/ phase AL, XLPE cables
00 11/22/33 kv Ring main unit ( RM6 or Flusarc)
01 Meatering & Monitoring system
De-centralize solution - Inverters spreaded in the PV field & installed on PV module structures
De-centralize solution Details
Layout - 250kW system

DC Capacity - 299.2kWp
AC Capacity - 250kW (10X25kW Conext CL)
Layout type - two options
Structure - 2 rows in portrat, 40 mod / Table

Benefits of solution :
- Short PV solar cables upto Inverters
- Uniform, identical and easy wiring
- No separate structure or pad requried for Inv
- Less DC cable losses
- Block can be multipled for larger installation
- Flexibility to install highest capacity with better
De-centralize solution - Inverters grouped at AC combiners on dedicated mounting coverage ratio.
6–3
Layouts
6–4
Layout Optimization
Inverters
Grid Box O/D Transformer
AC Combiners
Bill of materials for Layout
1000 PV Modules - 310 Wp, Poly C-Si Modules 01 AC Re-combiner - 400A (optional) lot 95 sqmm, 4 core AL, XLPE cables Layout - 1000kW system
10 Inverters - 25kW Conext CL Inverters 2 x NSX250- Curve C 4P MCCB lot 240 sqmm 1core, 2 Runs/ phase AL, XLPE cables DC Capacity - 1200kWp
16.5 Tables of 5 rows in landscape for module mounting 1 x Compact NSX400 MCCB 01 11/22/33 kv Ring main unit ( RM6 or Flusarc) AC Capacity - 1000kW (40X25 kW Conext CL)
50 Strings of 20 Modules each 01 250kVA Transformer 01 Meatering & Monitoring system Layout type - Inverters spreaded on PV field
02 AC Combiners - 200A ( 5 inverters to 1 combiner ) lot 4-6 sqmm Cu, PV solar cables Mounted on PV module structure
5 x iC60-40A Curve C 4P MCB lot 25 sqmm, 4 core AL, XLPE cables Structure - 5 rows in landscape, 50 mod / Table
975-0747-01-01 Revision B
975-0747-01-01 Revision B
Inverter
AC Combiner
Inverter station AC Combiner
Inverter station near T/F
Layout - 500kW system

DC Capacity - 600kWp
AC Capacity - 500kW (20X25 kW Conext CL)
Layout type - Three type combined
1. Inverters near PV modules
2. Inverters near AC Combiner
3. Inverters near LV/MV station
Structure - 5 rows in landscape, 50 mod / Table
Layout to be used for demonstration os all three
possible inverter locaitons.
6–5
Layouts
6–6
Layout Optimization
O/D Transformer
Inverter Stations
Grid Box
Bill of materials for Layout De-centralize solution Details
4000 PV Modules - 300 Wp, Poly C-Si Modules 01 AC Re-combiner - 1500A lot 95 / 120 sqmm, 4 core AL, XLPE cables Layout - 1000kW system
80 Tables of 5 rows in landscape for module mounting 1 x Compact NS1600 N/H 4P MCCB 01 11/22/33 kv Ring main unit ( RM6 or Flusarc) AC Capacity - 1000kW (40X25 kW Conext CL)
200 Strings of 20 Modules each 01 1000kVA Transformer 01 Meatering & Monitoring system Layout type - Inverters grouped at AC combiners
04 AC Combiners - 200A ( 5 inverters to 1 combiner ) lot 4-6 sqmm Cu, PV solar cables DC cables extended from Strings
975-0747-01-01 Revision B
975-0747-01-01 Revision B
O/D Transformer
Inverter Stations
Grid Box
Bill of materials for Layout De-centralize solution Details
4000 PV Modules - 310 Wp, Poly C-Si Modules 01 AC Re-combiner - 1500A lot 95 / 120 sqmm, 4 core AL, XLPE cables Layout - 1000kW system
80 Tables of 5 rows in landscape for module mounting 1 x Compact NS1600 N/H MCCB 01 11/22/33 kv Ring main unit ( RM6 or Flusarc) AC Capacity - 1000kW (40X25 kW Conext CL)
200 Strings of 20 Modules each 01 1000kVA Transformer 01 Meatering & Monitoring system Layout type - Inverters spreaded on PV field
08 AC Combiners - 200A ( 5 inverters to 1 combiner ) lot 4-6 sqmm Cu, PV solar cables Mounted on PV module structure
6–7
Layouts
6–8
7 Frequently Asked
Questions (FAQ)
This chapter of FAQs contains answers to

general questions that may arise when
considering Conext CL Inverters in
designing a power system.
975-0747-01-01 Revision B 7–1

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Safety Information
DANGER

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Can we interchange the wiring box of CL Inverter (Base to Optimum to
Essential)?
No. The wiring box supplied with the Conext CL inverter has to be used with
its matching inverter body. In case the need arises, consult Schneider
Electric to discuss for solution.
2. Can we install third party components inside the wiring box?
No. Components installed inside the wiring box are tested in factory before
dispatch and hold warranty for the product. If any external component is
installed inside the wiring box, that may void warranty.
3. What type of Transformer can be connected with CL Inverters?
Dyn11 or Dyn1 type transformer should be connected with Conext CL
inverter. LV voltage of transformer should match the inverter’s AC output
voltage and MV voltage should match the grid connection voltage.
4. Can we install the wiring box of the CL Inverter at other location and the
inverter body someplace else?
No. The wiring box and the inverter body have to be installed at the same
location as displayed in the installation manual.
5. What is the solution if my AC cable size is higher than the terminal size of
Conext CL inverter?
An external AC terminal box has to be used in certain situations. This box will
have input from the inverter with the maximum cable size the inverter terminal
can fit (25mm2). And, the output terminal of this AC box can have higher
sized cables as required by design.
6. Do I need assistance from Schneider Electric for first installation of Conext
CL inverters?
No. For first installation, follow Schneider Electric’s installation manual for the
Conext CL inverter. Get yourself familiarized with possible hazardous
situations, follow recommended installation practices, and use a certified
installer. In case of any difficulty, you can contact Schneider Electric for
assistance.
7–2 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

7. Do I need to contact Schneider Electric at the time of designing PV system

configuration for proposal?
We recommend that Installers / Developers contact Schneider Electric when
they start considering the use of Conext CL inverters. This way we can help
you to design the most reliable and cost competitive solution with no
technical surprises during installation.
8. How can I update firmware version of Conext CL inverter?
Conext CL inverter firmware is available at http://solar.schneider-
electric.com/product/conext-cl/. You can download the latest firmware and
upload it using a thumb drive or your laptop. Every time the Conext CL
inverter is being installed, the installer should use the latest firmware version
available on the website.
9. Where can I find Conext CL OND file for PVsyst simulation?
You can find it at http://solar.schneider-electric.com/product/conext-cl/
10. Is there any tool from Schneider Electric to help my sizing the strings for my
installation?
Yes. Schneider Electric has developed a design tool named Conext Designer
to size the strings for users of Schneider inverters. This tool is not for
predicting energy generation but it helps users for string sizing only. You can
find this tool on this link.
http://solar.schneider-electric.com/product/conext-designer/
Download your copy and install it for further use.
11. Is measurement of power inside the Conext CL inverter good enough for tariff
metering?
Measurement of power inside the Conext CL inverter takes place with 0.5
class accuracy. Generally tariff metering has stringent requirements for
accuracy and other compliance related to utility. User has to discuss this
requirement in detail with the utility company.
12. Where can I find an Installation manual for Conext CL inverters?
Installation manual for Conext CL inverter can be found at
http://solar.schneider-electric.com/product/conext-cl/
13. What is the Schneider Electric customer care contact detail for technical
support?
Customer care contact details in your respective region are found at
http://solar.schneider-electric.com/tech-support/
14. Does Schneider Electric provide Engineering, Procurement, Installation and
Commissioning services for PV systems?
Yes. Contact us for more details and discussion for our services.
15. Which other system components Schneider Electric can offer?
Follow the chart provided under topic “Building blocks of Decentralize PV
system” in this document to check the offers form Schneider Electric.
16. What is the maximum oversizing I can achieve for Conext CL inverters?
We recommend 20% oversizing. It can be more depending upon the climatic
conditions. If there is more than 30% oversizing required, please contact us
for our advice. In any case, the limits of short circuit current for the inverter
should not be violated.
975-0747-01-01 Revision B 7–3

17. Which configuration will be preferred when? – to use both MPPTs or short the
MPPTs.
Schneider Electric recommends to use One MPPT configuration in case of
odd number of strings being connected to the inverter, if there is no
significant difference within strings (like shadowing or different tilt or a
different configuration). In case of difference in configuration of strings
(like tile, shadow, mismatch etc.) dual MPPT operation is advisable with
balanced input. Conext CL inverters are capable to handle 60-40 ratio of
imbalance in string power.
18. What if I connect unbalanced string combination (3 and 2 on each MPPT)
with Conext CL inverter?
Conext CL inverter is capable to connect 60-40% imbalance condition. So
user can connect 3-2 or 4-3 configuration. But be careful about not violating
the short circuit rating of the inverter DC input.
19. How a choice of transformer gets affected by the inverter’s operating
capability?
The inverter’s operational capability depends on Transformer in two aspects.
Parallel operation of inverter: Inverter’s parallel operation is function of short
circuit impedance (Z%) and transformer is a circuit component with very
large impedance portion of overall circuit. We recommend keeping the
Impedance of transformer as low as possible.
Conext CL inverter supports TNS,TNC, TN-C-S and TT wiring schemes. It
does not support IT scheme. When Transformer is selected, it is important to
match Utility side winging requirement as per Point of connection and Low
voltage side winding requirement as per the inverter’s operational
compatibility.
20. What is the limit of power factor Conext CL inverters are capable of?
Conext CL can operate within 0.8 lead and 0.8 lag power factor limit.
21. Does Conext CL inverter support LVRT requirement?
Yes. It does. LVRT requirement is specified in respective PV grid code of
country. Conext CL inverter firmware is programmed to follow the LVRT
requirement (curve) during certification of each country. Contact us to know
the list of countries Conext CL inverters are certified for.
22. Do I need to have power factory model of my PV plant if I use Conext CL
inverter? Can Schneider Electric provide it?
This requirement is generally requested by Utilities to include the model of
your power plant into their power system. We recommend that clients should
discuss this type of requirements with utility well ahead during the system
planning stage and choose the right wiring scheme and metering scheme. A
billable power factory model can be created based on client’s request. If you
have such a requirement, please contact us for further discussion.
23. What type of support I can have form Schneider Electric for designing
configuration of my PV system?
Schneider Electric provides ready reference documentation for designing the
system, for example, the solutions guide, installation manual, training
material, etc. If you need any additional information or services, contact us
for more discussion.
24. Which parameters I do have to confirm and use to order Conext CL
inverters?
7–4 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

Unlike centralizes inverters, Conext CL string inverters are simple to

configure and install. Since it is simple, there isn’t any technical information
sheet to fill in order to buy these inverters. Schneider Electric’s sales
representatives would help customer to buy the right type of inverter and
associated wiring box. This solutions guide can be used to select the right
wiring box.
25. When the temperature de-rating does begin for Conext CL inverter? How
much it de-rates?
Table 7-1 De-rating for 500 Vdc and 800V, 230 Vac 25 Kw
Condition Output Power Output Power

in kilo watts in kilo watts
0 25.033 25
10 25.033 25
20 25.033 25
30 25.033 25
40 25.033 25
46 25.033 25
50 22.859 25
55 19.28 22.009
60 15.6 20.3
Table 7-2 De-rating for 350 Vdcand 800V, 230 Vac 20 Kw
Outside
Ambient in °C 350V 800V
20 20.08 20.08
30 20.08 20.08
40 20.08 20.08
44 20.08 20.08
50 19.97 20.08
54 17.24 18.04
60 13.54 14.84
26. What if I install the Conext CL inverter in outdoor place?

Conext CL inverter is rated for outdoor duty. It can be installed as per
instructions provide in Installation Manual. Please follow installation manual
for further information of outdoor installation.
27. What is the normal manufacturing time after confirmation of order for Conext
CL inverters?
975-0747-01-01 Revision B 7–5

Generally it takes 10 to 14 weeks to manufacture CL inverter in Schneider

Electric’s Indian manufacturing g location in Bangalore. We recommend
clients to consider this time with the shipping time to plan their project. If
there is a steeper timeline, please contact us for further discussion.
28. Where can I find the test certificates for Conext CL inverter?
CL inverter certifications are available at
http://solar.schneider-electric.com/product/conext-cl-na-solar-inverter/
29. What type of warranty Schneider Electric offers for Conext CL inverters?
Warranty terms for Conext CL depends on the region of installation. Users
can find the information about warranty at
http://solar.schneider-electric.com/product/conext-cl-na-solar-inverter/
30. Do I need to oversize the transformer when I connect to multiple Conext CL
inverters?
We recommend equal or oversized transformer for Conext CL inverters.
Especially when there is large number of CL inverters connected in parallel
to one transformer low voltage winding, we recommend to oversize the
transformer by 20%.
31. What type of wiring schemes Conext CL inverter can be connected with?
Conext CL inverter can be connected with TN-S, TN-C, TN-C-S and TT wiring
schemes. IT wiring scheme is not supported.
32. How can I choose right type of wiring box for my installation?
Our sales representatives will help clients to select the right wiring box based
on the electrical single line diagram of project. This solutions guide provides
necessary information and details to select the wiring box. If client needs to
discuss this with Schneider Electric, please contact us.
33. How many Conext CL inverters with wiring boxes can be delivered in 40ft
containers?
45 Inverters + Wiring boxes can be supplied in a 40 feet standard shipping
container.
34. How much space I need to install Conext CL inverters side by side?
600mm (23.6 in) on right and left sides, 915mm (36 in) at bottom and 200mm
(7.8 in) at top.
35. If any component inside Conext CL inverter gets damaged during installation
how can I buy a new component?
Contact your Schneider sales representative to buy the components.
36. What type of monitoring system I can use with Conext CL inverters?
Schneider Conext CL inverters support third party monitoring solutions. Refer
the monitoring section of this solutions guide for further details.
37. Is it mandatory to use AC circuit breaker at the output of Conext CL wiring
box?
We recommend that installer / client uses the circuit breaker to support AC
surge protection device.
38. What is the brief specification of DC switch disconnect provided in wiring box
of Conext CL inverters?
Model: X100.40D4-G X0342
Make: Santon
7–6 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

Details of DC Switch disconnect provided in Conext-CL inverter can be

found at this link. http://www.santonswitchgear.com/download/loose-
switches.html
39. What is the brief specification of DC and AC Surge protection devices
provided in wiring box of Conext CL inverters?
Conext CL wiring boxes are equipped with Type 2 surge protection devices.
Specification of Schneider SPD can be found at this link.
DC SPD: 16436 - PRD-DC 40r 1000PV modular surge arrester - 2 poles -
1000V with remote transfer
AC SPD: A9L16564 - modular surge arrester iPRD40r - 3 poles + N -
340 V - with remote transfer
http://www.schneider-electric.com/products/ww/en/1600-din-rail-modular-
devices/1615-acti-9-surge-protection-devices-spds/61707-ipf-iprd/
40. What is the brief specification of DC Fuses provided in Conext CL wiring
box?
Conext CL inverters are equipped with touch safe Fuse holders. But the
inverter will be supplied without fuses and empty Fuse holders. This is due to
the fact that client would need to select the right size of fuse (10A or 15A)
depending upon the type of PV module being used, size and number of
strings and any factor of oversizing required from local installation standards.
Due to this, there are probably several possibilities of fuses and we
recommend that client should size the fuse correctly for safe and reliable
operation.
41. Is there an Anti-Islanding protection provided in Conext CL inverter?
Yes. Conext CL inverter is equipped with anti-islanding protection.
42. What is output operating voltage range capability/limits, response to network
voltage sags?
The inverter will deliver full power at unity power factor with +10% and -3%
grid voltage variation.
43. What is the wake up value and power watt for Conext CL inverters?
Parameter CL 20000 E CL 25000 E

Vbst.min 250 V 250 V
Vmppt.min 350 V 430 V
Vmppt.max 850 V 850 V
Vdc.max 970 V 970 V
Vdc.uv 200 V 200 V
Wakeup voltage - 150 V

Hysteresis values:
Fall power: 200V (Vbst min)
Start power - 950V (Vdc Max),
The minimum start up power is 100 watts (Under normal Grid voltage, and
PV voltage).
If the Grid voltage and PV voltage (250 <= PV < = 950) values are out of
range, then the minimum start up power would be 250 watts.
975-0747-01-01 Revision B 7–7

44. Can we control the output of the inverter is 1% steps, what is the time
resolution?
1% steps is possible and time latency is 5 sec (max), typically 1 sec
45. How many inverters can be firmware upgraded at one time via Ethernet start
connection, one or multiple? Does it have to be in Intranet or Internet?
One , either of the network
46. How long does it take for Ethernet firmware upgrading for single inverter?
10 to 15 mins (approximately)
47. How can we ensure the wiring box top ports are protected from water and
dirt ingress until the inverters are mounted?
Can you please confirm that there are no other complications in the mounting
of these units separately, which will be installed upon the table frameworks?
Wiring box is IP65 with good protection from water and dirt. There is one
Connector cover which will protect all the connectors on the top of wiring
box. Make sure this cover will need to be remained till inverter mounting on
the top of the wiring box. Please find the details on question Number 26 on
page 7–5.
7–8 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

Schneider Electric
As standards, specifications, and designs

change from time to time, please ask for
confirmation of the information given in this
publication.
© 2015 Schneider Electric. All rights reserved.
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Conext™ CL Inverter

Solution Guide for Decentralized PV

Exclusion for Documentation

Document Number: 975-0747-01-01 Revision: Revision B Date: April 2015

Base: AC connector and DC connector PVSCL20E100 PVSCL25E100

Contact Information solar.schneider-electric.com

• Installing electrical equipment and PV power systems (up to 1000 V).

Chapter 2, Decentralized PV Solutions

Chapter 3, DC System Design

Chapter 4, AC System Design

Chapter 5, Important Aspects of a Decentralized System Design

Chapter 6, Layout Optimization

Chapter 7, Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

975-0747-01-01 Revision B iii

This document contains important safety instructions that must be followed

The addition of either symbol to a “Danger” or “Warning” safety

This is the safety alert symbol. It is used to alert you to potential

Installation including wiring must be done by qualified personnel to ensure

Failure to follow these instructions will result in death or serious injury.

975-0747-01-01 Revision B vii

5 Important Aspects of a Decentralized System Design

7 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

viii 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

This introduction chapter contains

975-0747-01-01 Revision B 1–1

Decentralized Photovoltaic (PV) Architecture

• Easy adaptation of the solution to roof or plant specificities

1–2 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

About the Conext CL Inverter

Figure 1-1 Conext CL Inverter

The Conext CL Inverter is a three phase transformerless string inverter designed

Figure 1-2 Typical PV grid tied installation using CL Inverters

975-0747-01-01 Revision B 1–3

Key Specifications of the Conext CL Inverter

Key Features of Wiring Box

1–4 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

This chapter on decentralized PV

975-0747-01-01 Revision B 2–1

Why Decentralize PV Solutions?

2–2 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

Benefits with Conext CL for a Decentralized System Design

975-0747-01-01 Revision B 2–3

Figure 2-1 PV System Overview

2–4 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

Quantum and usage of generated electricity is a very important factor deciding

Selection of major components like PV modules, inverters and mounting

A carefully modelled PV system represents both types of losses very accurately

PV System Design Using Conext CL Inverters

Schneider Electric suggests the following points to consider during system

• Using well defined standard system Blocks

975-0747-01-01 Revision B 2–5

Wiring Box selection

• Design of PV system should have separate DC array combiner box with

Essential and Essential+ Model

2–6 975-0747-01-01 Revision B

• Inverter can be located in group on PV field near first level AC combiner

Optimum and Optimum+ Model

At any instance, we do not recommend installation of external components inside

975-0747-01-01 Revision B 2–7

Base Essential Essential Optimum Optimum

AC connection Conductor size: 5.3 to #21.2 mm2

Figure 2-2 Wiring box options (IEC only)

DC disconnect switch NOT PROVIDED 40 A, 1000V