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Problem Statement
1.
2.
3.
In this case the convention NR might take several iterations (In other
words, it will not converge quadratically) or might not converge at all.
4.
One can address this problem with step size and can compute an
optimal step size or optimal multiplier at each NR iteration.
(Ensuring the convergence and will always able to find line approximation
for NR.
Goals:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Newton Raphson
st
!" !
! ! !!! ! ! = 0!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!"
! ! = [
!"
!"
! ! ]!! !(! ! )
! !!! = ! ! !! !
Jacobian Matrix=! = [
!"
!"
Minimization of threshold: Until ! !!! < !!"#!"#!!"! !!(! !!! ) < !!"#!"#
!
!!!"#$% ! = ! !!
+ !!"#$,!!!! !!"#,!!!! = 0!
!!!
!!
!!!"#$% ! = ! !!
!
Rectangular!Formulation:!
!!!"#$
[ !!! (!!" !!! !!" !!! ) + !!! (!!" !!! + !!" !!! )] + !!,! !!,! = 0
=
!!!
!
[ !!! (!!" !!! !!" !!! ) !!! (!!" !!! + !!" !!! )] + !!,! !!,! = 0
!!!"#$ =
!!!
PV Buses:
!!!"#$ ! ! = !!!
+ !!!
!
!
!
!!
!
!"#$%&%#'
=0
Mathematical Model
! ! =0
Here !! !! , ! is the vector of system variables described in more detail below, !(!):!! !!!! ! !! !is the
system of nonlinear equations representing the power flow equations.
We can derive expression for optimal Multiplier ! at iteration (!) of!! ! , by expanding equation in !! (!) in a
second order Taylor series expansion:
!! !!! !! !
+ !!!!
!
Minimization!Problem:!
!
!! !!! = ! !! !
! !! !
+ !" !! !
!!
+ !! !" !! !
!
+
! !
2
!(!) = !! ! !!! ! !! !
! !
! !
! ! !! (!)
!!!!
! ! !! (!)
!!! !!! ! = !!! !!
! ! !! (!)
!!! !!
1
! !!!
2
1
2
! !!!
! ! !! (!)
!!! !!
! ! !! (!)
!!!!
! ! !! (!)
!!! !!
1
!
2
! ! !! (!)
!!! !!
!!! !!! !
! !!!
! ! !! (!)
!!!!
!!! !!! !
! ! (!)
! ! (!)
Considerations: