Chapter Learning Objectives

Chapter 22
Descent with Modifi cation: a Darwinian View of Life

Define evolution and adaptation

Concept 22.1: The Darwinian revolution challenged traditional views of a young Earth
inhabited by unchanging species
Describe the theories of catastrophism, gradualism, and uniformitarianism
Explain the mechanism for evolutionary change proposed by Jean-Baptiste de
Lamarck
Concept 22.2: Descent with modification by natural selection explains the
adaptations of organisms and the unity and diversity of life
Explain the mechanism for evolutionary change proposed by Darwin in On the
Origin of Species
Describe the two inferences Darwin made from his observations that led him
to propose natural selection as a mechanism for evolutionary change
Distinguish between artificial selection and natural selection
Explain why an individual organism cannot evolve
Concept 22.3: Evolution is supported by an overwhelming amount of scientific
evidence
Describe the observations of soapberry bugs that supported Carroll and
Boyds hypothesis that changes in a populations food source can result in
evolution by natural selection
Explain how drug resistance develops in bacteria and viruses
Explain how the existence of homologous and vestigial structures can be
explained by Darwins theory of natural selection
What observations have been made regarding the fossil record? What
predictions can ?be made using evolution to account for the distribution of
fossils in sediments
Explain how biogeography is used to infer the evolution of organisms