Global Advanced Word List

GLOBAL ADVANCED WORDLIST
A
1
Partofspeec Phonetics
Word
Unit1
absolutely***
adverb
academic
noun
accuracy**
noun
actually***
adverb
adventure**
noun
amateur*
noun
amusement*
noun
Definition
SampleSentence
completely:usedforemphasis
10 tosomeonesamusement
phrase
11 annoyance
noun
12 anti
prefix
13 app
noun
14 appalled
adjective
15 artefact*
noun
16 astonishment*
noun
17 authoritative
adjective
18 baffled
adjective
WhenShahrazadofferedtoseetheking,herfatherwas
absolutelyastonished.
someonewhoteachesordoesresearchatacollege Wikipediaarticlesarewrittenandrevisedbyhundredsof
oruniversity
thousandsofunpaidvolunteers,whomaybe academics.
/ k demk/
thequalityofbeingaccurate
Professionalexpertsstillhaveavitalroletoplayindecidingabout
theaccuracyandimportanceoffacts.
/ kjrsi/
usedwhencorrectingwhatsomeonehassaidor
Ithoughthewasastudent,butactuallyhestheteacher.
thinks,orwhatyouyourselfhavesaid
/ ktuli/
anexciting,unusualandsometimesdangerous
IdecidedIwasreadyforanadventureaftercollege.
experience
/d vent(r)/
someonewhodoessomethingbecausetheyenjoyit Wikipediaarticlesarewrittenandrevisedbyhundredsof
insteadofasajob
thousandsofunpaidvolunteers,whomaybesimplyinterested
amateurs.
/ mt(r)/, / mt(r)/
afeelingofbeingamused
Herchildrenhavealwaysbeenagreatsourceofamusementfor
her.
/ mju:zmnt/
Muchtoeveryone'samusement,someonehidhisclotheswhile
makingsomeonewanttosmileorlaugh
hewasswimming.
/tu
smwnz
mju:zmnt/
aslightlyangryorimpatientfeeling
Shakinghisheadinannoyance,Patricklefttheroom.
/ nns/
opposedtosomeoneorsomething:usedwithsome Policewerebroughtintoensurethepublic'ssafetyatthe
nouns,forexampleantiwar,antiracism
antiwardemonstration.
/ nti/
anapplication:softwarewhichcarriesoutacertain ThedictionaryappisnowavailableforiPhoneandiPad.
functiononacomputer,mobilephone,etc.
/p/
offendedorshockedverymuchbysomething,
Thecitizenswereappalledatthekingsbrutality.
becauseitisextremelyunpleasantorbad
/ pld/
anobjectthatwasmadealongtimeagoandis
YoullfindPolynesianartefacts,andprobablyencountermostof
historicallyimportant,forexampleatoolorweapon Pitcairnsresidents.
/ (r)tfkt/
verygreatsurprise
Someministersexpressedastonishmentthattheycouldno
longertravelfirstclass.
/ stnmnt/
basedonthebest,mostcomplete,andmostreliable Thatmeanscitingverifiable,authoritativesources,especiallyon
information
controversialtopicsandwhenthesubjectisalivingperson.
/rttv/
unabletounderstandsomething,puzzled
Shahrazadsdecisiontoseethekingleftherfatherfeeling
baffled.
/ bf()ld/
Pageno.
/ bs lu tli/
www.macmillanenglish.com/global
11
6
6
6
11
131
7
11
19 balanced*
adjective
/ blnst/
20 bemusement
noun
21 tosomeonesbemusement
phrase
/bmju zmnt/
/tu
smwnz
bmju zmnt/
22 bewildered
adjective
/bwld(r)d/
23 bit**
24 abit
noun
phrase
/bt/
/ bt/
25 blog
noun
/bl/
confusedandnotcertainwhattodo
26 blogosphere
27 blossom
noun
verb
consideringallarguments,opinions,oraspectsfairly Thewebsitehasanofficialnonbiaspolicy,andarticlesmust
andequally
presentabalancedviewofatopic.
confusion
Hehadalookofbemusementtheentiretimehewasatthe
conference.
makingsomeonefeelconfused
Tohisbemusement,thecrowdwasrunningthewrongway.
bewildered.
Hehadbitsoffoodstuckinbetweenhisteeth.
slightlyoralittle
Icantdo1.00canwemakeitabitlater?
abiographicalweblog:atypeofdiary(=recordof Blogshavebroughtaboutanelevationoftheroleofamateurs.
whatsomeonedoeseachday)onawebsitethatis
changedregularly,togivethelatestnews.Thepage
usuallycontainssomeonespersonalopinions,
commentsandexperiences.
11
14
/ blsf(r)/
theimaginaryplaceontheinternetwherepeoples
blogsgosothatotherpeoplecanreadthemand
reacttothem
todevelopandbecomemoresuccessful
Manyintheblogosphereseemsuspiciousoffundedor
engineeredcontent.
7
TheirromanceblossomedonatriptoKeyWest.
/ bls()m/
somethingsuchasalineonamapthatmarkswhere ArtknowsnoboundariesforBritishsculptorJasondeCaires
oneareaoflandendsandanotherbegins
Taylor.
28 boundary**
29 pushbacktheboundaries
30 breathtaking*
noun
phrase
adjective
/ band()ri/
/p bk
band()ri z/
129
todiscovernewthingsaboutsomethingorabetter
wayofdoingit
extremelyimpressiveorbeautiful
32 capsule
33 chocka
verb
noun
adjective
153
thepartofaspacevehicleinwhichpeopletravel
TheunmannedVoyagerspacecraftleftoursolarsystemyearsago
atabreathtaking37,000milesperhour.
Thishasnotonlybroadenedmyoutlookbutalsoenabledmeto
adapteasilytonewenvironments.
TheywerethenresealedinacapsuleandreturnedtoEarth.
chockaisaninformalwayofsayingthataplace,
road,etcisfullofpeopleorblockedwithcars
Youllprobablybetherebeforemebecauseitspretty chockaon
themotorway.
/ bre tek/
tomakesomethingincludemorethingsorpeople
31 broaden*
Wewanttomakenewdiscoveriesandpushbackboundaries.
/ brd()n/
/ kpsju l/
13
16
13
/ k(r)/
154
amemberofthepublicwhousesamobilephoneor Newsorganisationsarecryingoutforcitizenjournalists,asking
videocameratorecordnewseventsonfilm
thepublictohelpmakethenews.
34 citizenjournalist
35 click*
noun
verb
/ stz()n
/klk/
d(r)nlst/
7
tomakeacomputerdosomethingbypressinga
buttononthemouse
Thepolicemanclickedthehandcuffsroundhiswrists.
36 clickonalink
phrase
/ klk n
37 collectiveintelligence
noun
/k lektv n teld()ns/
38 completely***
adverb
/km pli tli/
39 content***
noun
/ kntent/
noun
/ kntrbju ()n/
41 controversial**
adjective
/ kntr v(r)()l/
42 craftsmanship
noun
/ krftsmnp/
43 credible*
adjective
/ kredb()l/
adverb
Toapplyforthisposition,simplyclickonthelinkbelow.
thecombinedinformationandknowledgeshared
betweenagroupofpeople
usedforemphasis,forexample:theoperationwas
completelysuccessful
anymaterial,suchaswriting,pictures,ormusic,that
appearsonawebsiteorCDROM
astoryorarticlethatyouhavewrittenfora
newspaper,magazine,orwebsite
acontroversialsubject,opinion,ordecisionisone
thatpeopledisagreeaboutordonotapproveof
Withthisproliferationofusergeneratedcontenthascomethe
notionofacollectiveintelligence.
Hewascompletelydevastatedsoheorderedherexecution.
theskillinvolvedinmakingsomethingbeautifulor
practicalusingyourhands
abletobebelievedortrusted
Examplesofextraordinarycraftsmanshipandingenuitywere
madeavailableforscientificstudy.
Manyintheblogosphereseemsuspiciousofengineeredcontent
thatis,researchedandcrediblecontent.
atthepresenttime
afeelingofgreathappinessandpleasure
Theexhibitsarecurrentlybeingstoredinthecellarwhilethe
museumisbeingrenovated.
Imustsayshewasadelighttoteach.
feelingveryshockedandupset
Hewascompletelydevastatedsoheorderedherexecution.
45 delight**
noun
/dlat/
46 devastated
adjective
/ dev stetd/
47 dismay
noun
/ds me/
48 disseminate
49 distraught
50 do***
verb
adjective
verb
/dsemnet/
/dstrt/
/du /
51 Icantdo...
phrase
/a
52 download
verb
/ dan ld/
53 emergent
adjective
/m(r)d()nt/
54 emotionallycharged
adjective
/m()nli
6
11
Usergeneratedcontentmayreplacethecontributionsofexperts.
6
Usergeneratedcontentmayneverreplacethe contributionsof
experts.
Allarticlesmuststriveforverifiableaccuracy,especiallyon
controversialtopics.
7
153
/ krntli/
knt
lk/
40 contribution***
44 currently***
topressabuttononthemousetoconnectto
anotherfileorsection,forexampleonawebsite
11
du /
t(r)dd/
Localpeopleexpressedtheirdismayatthesizeofthepayrise.
thefeelingofbeingveryworried,disappointedor
sadaboutsomethingsurprisingorshockingthathas
happened
tomakesomethingsuchasinformationor
Thisdoesnotmeanthatwearewitnessingtheriseofacollective
knowledgeavailabletoalotofpeople
intelligencethatwilldevelopanddisseminateideasacrossthe
globe.
extremelyworried,upset,orconfused
Hewasdistraughtsoheorderedherexecution.
MaybeIlldosomegardening.
usedwhenmakingplanstosaythatatime,dayor
datedoesnotsuityou,forexample:Icantdo
Wednesday
tomoveinformation(forexampleafile,animage,a Youcandownloadthissoftwareforfree.
video)toyourcomputer,phone,etc.fromanother
computer,system,phone,etc.
justbeginningtoexistorbenoticed
Suchcontentshouldnotbeelevatedtothegrandiosestatusofan
emergentcollectiveintelligence.
filledwithastrongemotionsuchasexcitementor
Museumsholdupthisnotionofideasforinspectionby
nervousness
presentingemotionallychargedfacts.
7
11
14
14
7
153
A
55 engage**
verb
/n ed/
Museumsshouldaimtoengagepeopleemotionally.
toarrangeforsomethingtohappen,especiallyina
usefulandskilfulway
Governmentofficialsmanagedtoengineerameetingbetween
thetwoambassadors.
extremelyangry
Thekingwasenragedtolearnofhiswifesbetrayal.
Museumentrancefeesarebecomingmoreandmoreexpensive.
verb
adjective
/ endn(r)/
/n redd/
58 entrancefee
noun
/ entrns
fi /
59 chargeanentrancefee
phrase
/ t(r)d n
60 euphoric
adjective
/ju
62 exhibition***
noun
frk/
apublicshowwhereartorotherinterestingthings
areputsothatpeoplecangoandlookatthem
usingnewideasormethodsthatarenotyetproved
tobesuccessfuleverytime
specialskillorknowledgethatyougetfrom
experience,training,orstudy
outsideorbeyondsomething:usedwithsome
adjectives,forexampleextraterrestrial ,extramarital
Museumsperformthefunctionofcreatingandengaging
knowledgethroughexperimentalprojects.
Increasingly,collectiveintelligenceisseenaspreferableto
professionalexpertise.
Whilemanyscientistsspeculatethatextraterrestriallifeexists,so
farthereisnoconclusiveevidencetoproveit.
notwithintheusualpowersofthelaw
Reportsofextrajudicialkillingsbythegovernmentwerealarming
tothegenerallypeacefulcountry.
Examplesofextraordinarycraftsmanshipandingenuitywere
madeavailableforscientificstudy.
Eyewitnessesdescribethemanastallwithbrownhair.
/ eksb()n/
adjective
/k sperment()l/
64 expertise**
noun
/ eksp(r) ti z/
65 extra
prefix
/ ekstr/
adjective
/ ekstrdd()l/
67 extraordinary**
adjective
/k str(r)d()n()ri/
veryunusualandsurprising
69 fact***
noun
/fkt/
someonewhohasseensomethinghappen,
especiallyacrimeoranaccident
usedwhenyouareaddingsomethingtowhatyou
havejustsaid,especiallysomethingsurprising
70 in(actual)fact
phrase
/n
ktul
153
7
13
66 extrajudicial
/ awtns/
63 experimental**
noun
9
11
Theexhibitsarecurrentlybeingstoredinthecellarwhilethe
Describeaninterestingorunusualexhibitortemporary
exhibitionyouhaveseeninamuseum.
/zbt/
68 eyewitness
11
9
tomakemembersofthepublicpaymoneytovisita Mostmuseumsdonotchargeanentrancefee.
entrns fi / museum,artgallery,etc.
feelingextremelyhappy,usuallyforashorttimeonly ThevizierwaseuphoricwhenShahrazadslifewasspared.
anobjectthatispartofanexhibition
noun
56 engineer
57 enraged
61 exhibit
toattractandkeepsomeonesinterestorattention
theaccuracyandimportanceoffacts.
ShethoughtIwasfromSpain,butinfactImfromMexico.
fkt/
71 fairly***
adverb
/ fe(r)li/
72 farafield
adverb
/ f(r) fi ld/
73 furtherafield
phrase
/ f(r)(r) fi ld/
153
6
tosomedegree,butnotcompletelyorextremely
Hisstatementexplainsthesituationfairlywell.
faraway,especiallyfromwhereyouliveorare
staying
longerdistancesaway,especiallyfromhome
ThesalonattractsclientsfromasfarafieldasSwansea.
Wereexhaustingallourresourceshereandweneedtofind
thingsfurtherafield.
153
someonewhodecideswhetherornotsomethingis
suitableforpublicationonawebsite
74 filter**
noun
Thenewwebworldcanonlyfulfilitstruepotentialthroughmore
filtersonthequalityofthecontentgenerated.
/ flt(r)/
7
Mypracticaltraininginconflictmediationwasfollowedbya
theoreticalexamtoregisterattheDutchMediationInstitute.
75 follow***
verb
/ fl/
76 followalink
phrase
/ fl
77 furious**
adjective
/ fjris/
16
lk/
78 fury*
noun
/ fjri/
79 glaring
adjective
/ ler/
80 great***
81 thatsoundsgreat!
adjective
phrase
/ret/
/t sandz
82 grotty
adjective
/ rti/
83 groundbreaking
adjective
toconnecttoadifferentfileorsection,forexample Formoredetails,pleasefollowthelinkbelow.
onawebsite
extremelyangry
Thekingwasabsolutelyfurioustolearnofhiswifesbetrayal.
11
afeelingofverystrongangerthatusuallydoesnot
lastverylong
aglaringlightshinesverybrightlyinawaythat
makesyoufeeluncomfortable
ret/
/ ran(d) brek/
adjective
/ hndz n/
85 heartbroken
adjective
/ h(r)t brkn/
86 historical***
87 horrified
adjective
adjective
/hstrk()l/
/ hrfad/
88 horror**
noun
/ hr(r)/
89 host**
noun
/hst/
91 hotspot
phrase
noun
/ple
/ ht
Thelichensurvivedexposuretothevacuumofspaceaswellas
theglaringultravioletradiationoftheSun.
Wikipediaisstillagreatentrypointforfindinginformation.
6
usedforexpressingpleasureoragreement
dirtyorunpleasant
Dinnerandamoviethatsoundsgreat!
Imgoingtopaintthebathroom,whichisgettingreallygrotty.
usingnewmethods,orachievingnewresults
Withoutthosekindofgroundbreakingexplorations,wewont
discoverthethingsthatmakelifeeasiertolive.
Theinternshipprovidedtheinvaluable handsonexperiencehe
neededtogetajobasamechanic.
hst tu
handsonexperienceortraininginvolvesyoudoing
somethingratherthanjustreadingaboutitor
watchingotherpeopledoit
extremelysadandupset
Hewascompletelyheartbrokensoheorderedherexecution.
connectedwithhistoryorthepast
Thepaintingdepictsanactualhistoricalevent.
prefix
153
11
veryshockedorfrightened
Thecitizenswereutterlyhorrifiedatthekingsbrutality.
astrongfeelingofshockorfearcausedbysomething Thefullhorroroflastnighthadcomerushingback.
extremelyunpleasant
Theyhadbroughtapresentfortheir hosts.
toarrangeaspecialeventandprovidethearea,
buildings,equipment,orservicesneededforit
Museumsplayhosttotemporaryexhibitionsaswellaslive
events.
asmallareaonacomputerscreenthatyouclickon
inordertomakethecomputerperformanaction
Collegestudentsoftengotothelocalhotspottounwindaftera
longweek.
sm/
11
153
spt/
Sheworedarksunglassesafterhersurgerybecausehereyes
morethanusualornormal:usedwithsome
adjectivesandnounstomakeadjectivesandnouns, werehypersensitivetolight.
forexamplehypersensitive ,hyperinflation
92 hyper
13
154
84 handson
90 playhosttosomething
Shewasspeechlesswithfury.
/ hap(r)/
93 incensed
adjective
/n senst/
94 inconsequential
adjective
/n knskwen()l/
95 increasingly***
adverb
/n kri sli/
96 ingenuity
noun
/ nd nju ti/
97 initiative***
noun
/ntv/
98 inter
prefix
/n t(r)/
99 interactive*
adjective
/ ntr ktv/
100 interchangeable
adjective
/ nt(r) tendb()l/
101 intriguing
adjective
/n tri /
102 little***
103 alittle
adverb
phrase
/ lt()l/
/ lt()l/
104 make***
verb
105 canwemakeitabitearlier/later/soonphrase
/mek/
/kn wi
mek t bt
(r)li(r), let(r),
su n(r)/
106 multi
prefix
/mlti/
107 mystified
adjective
/ mstfad/
108 neutral**
adjective
/ nju trl/
109 nonbias
noun
/ nn
bas/
110 nowadays**
adverb
/ na dez/
extremelyangry
notimportant
Thekingwasincensedtolearnofhiswifesbetrayal.
Itsbillions,butitsinconsequentialtotherewardsoffindingout
aboutusasthehumanrace.
moreandmoreoveraperiodoftime
Andincreasingly,collectiveintelligenceisseenaspreferableto
professionalexpertise.
theabilitytosolveproblemsinnewandcleverways Examplesofextraordinarycraftsmanshipand ingenuitycouldall
begatheredtogether.
theabilitytodecideinanindependentwaywhatto Workingasavolunteerguideonholidaysforpeoplewitha
doandwhentodoit
disabilitytaughtmehowtotaketheinitiative,andtakethelead
inacrisis.
Theinternetisoftencelebratedforgivingavoicetoanybodyand
between:usedwithsomenouns,verbsand
everybody.
adjectives,forexampleinternational ,
interdependence
1.aninteractivecomputerprogram,videoetcreacts Achild'sdevelopmentisaninteractiveprocess.
totheinformationandinstructionsthatyougiveit
2.involvingpeoplecommunicatingwitheachother
andreactingtoeachother
11
153
7
153
16
iftwothingsareinterchangeable,youcanputeach Theterms'thesis'and'dissertation'wereatonetime
oneofthemintheplacewheretheotherwas,oryou interchangeable.
canuseoneinsteadoftheother,andtheeffectwill
bethesame
veryinteresting,especiallybecauseofbeingstrange Theideaofcollectiveintelligenceisintriguing.
ormysterious
Ithinkitsimportanttofindoutaboutthethingsweknow little
about.
toasmalldegree
WhymightRobarrivealittlelater?
toarrangeororganisesomething
Newsorganisationsarecryingoutforcitizenjournalists,asking
thepublictohelpmakethenews.
usedtosuggestanalterationtothetimewhen
makingaplan
6
153
14
7
14
manyorseveral:usedwithsomeadjectivesand
nouns,forexamplemultilingual ,multimillionaire
Manychildrentodaygrowupinmultilingualhouseholds.
ifyouaremystifiedbysomething,youcannot
understandorexplainit
notsupportingaparticularsideinanargumentor
disagreement
absenceofbias(=aspecialinterestorabilityina
particularthing,oraparticulartendency)
atthepresenttime,notinthepast
mystified.
Wikipediahasaneutralpointofview.
11
7
Thewebsitehasanofficialnonbiaspolicy,andarticlesmust
presentabalancedviewofatopic.
SiteslikeWikipediahaveremovedtheneedforexpertknowledge
nowadays.
6
6
ayoungwomanwhoisnubileissexuallyattractive
111 nubile
112 orbit
113 organism**
adjective
verb
noun
/ nju bal/
tomovearoundalargeobjectinspacesuchasa
planet
alivingthingsuchasaperson,animal,orplant,
especiallyanextremelysmalllivingthing
/ (r)bt/
noun
adjective
/ at km/
adverb
/ v(r) welmli/
117 peerreview
noun
/ p(r) rvju /
118 persuasive*
adjective
/p(r) swesv/
119 pointofview**
noun
/ pnt v
120 post
prefix
/pst/
121 post**
122 pretty***
123
verb
adverb
/pst/
/ prti/
124 primitive**
adjective
/ prmtv/
125 professional***
adjective
12
Iwasinchargeoffinancingandoverseeingthefinaloutcomesof
theprojects.
ThevizierwasoverjoyedwhenShahrazadslifewasspared.
/ v(r) dd/
116 overwhelmingly*
vju /
Theonlyproblemisthatsuchamissionwouldbe overwhelmingly
expensive.
Teachersintrainingbenefitgreatlyfrominstructorevaluationsas
wellaspeerreviewsandstudentfeedback.
goodatmakingpeopleagreetodoorbelievewhat
youwantthemto
awayofjudgingasituationbasedonaparticular
aspect
after,orlaterthan:usedwithmanynouns,verbsor
adjectives,forexamplepostimpressionist,post
dated
toputinformation(forexample,ablogentry,
comment,orphoto)ontheinternet
1fairly
2very
relatingtoaveryearlystageinthedevelopmentof
humans,animals,orplants
showingahighlevelofskillortraining
Theideaofcollectiveintelligenceispersuasive.
alargenumberofaparticularthing
noun
adverb
/pr lf re()n/
/kwat/
128 ransom
129 rather***
noun
adverb
/ rns()m/
/ r(r)/
16
11
usedforemphasisingtheamountorstrengthof
something
theprocessofawriterspeers(=someonewho
belongstothesamesocialorprofessionalgroupas
anotherperson)studyingorexaminingasituation,
policy,article,orideaagaininordertodecide
whetheritissuitableorsatisfactory
/pr fe()nl/
126 proliferation
127 quite***
153
12
extremelypleased
115 overjoyed
Someorganismscansurviveinspacewithoutanykindof
protectivecovering.
/ (r) nz()m/
thefinalresultofaprocess,meeting,activity,etc
114 outcome***
Theyfledawaywiththeirdaughtersuntiltherewereno nubile
girlsleftinthecity.
Weknowtherearemanyothersunswithplanets orbitingthem.
1fairlybutnotvery
theamountofmoneythatsomeonewantstobe
paidbeforetheywillletapersonwhotheyare
keepingprisonergofree
toafairlylargedegree
12
6
Wikipediahasaneutralpointofview.
7
Mostbusinesseswillnotacceptpostdatedcheques.
Icanbringtothepostaproventrackrecordinsuccessfulteam
management.
Imprettysuretherewillbemuseums.
16
153
SomeformoflifeexistsbeyondEarth,atleastinprimitiveform.
12
theaccuracyoffacts.
Withthisproliferationofusergeneratedcontenthascomethe
notionofacollectiveintelligence.
Iquiteoftengototheexhibitions.
EitherIshallliveorelseIshallbearansomforthechildrenofthe
Muslimsandsavethemfromhim.'
6
6
9
153
I'mfeelingrathertired.
It'sahugerelieftoknowthateveryoneissafe.
arelaxedandhappyfeelingyougetbecause
somethingbadhasnothappenedorabadsituation
hasended
tomakesomethingoldlooknewagainbyrepairing Theexhibitsarecurrentlybeingstoredinthecellarwhilethe
andimprovingit,especiallyabuilding
130 relief***
noun
/rli f/
131 renovate
verb
/ renvet/
9
sillyorunreasonableanddeservingtobelaughedat Theideaofcollectiveintelligenceisridiculous.
132 ridiculous**
adjective
/rdkjls/
6
1thoroughandcareful
133 rigorous*
134
adjective
135 shocked*
adjective
/ rrs/
2strictorsevere
verysurprisedandupsetbysomethingbadthat
happensunexpectedly
notverymuch,onlyalittle
/kt/
136 slightly***
adverb
/ slatli/
137 somewhat***
138 sorrow
adverb
noun
/ smwt/
/ sr/
139 specimen**
noun
/ spesmn/
140 speculate*
verb
/ spekjlet/
141 speechless
adjective
/ spi tls/
142 starter*
noun
/ st(r)t(r)/
143 forstarters
phrase
/ f(r)
Thenewwebworldcansurelyonlyfulfilitstruepotentialthrough
morerigorousstandards.
Thecitizenswereshockedatthekingsbrutality.
11
Ifeelslightlybettertoday.
ThekingwassomewhatsurprisedwhenDunyazadarrivedtosee
hersister.
greatsadness
Thekingwasfuriousandovercomewithrageandsorrow.
anexampleofsomething,especiallyofaplantoran Specimensandsamplesfrompartsoftheworldweremade
animal
availableforscientificstudy.
toconsiderordiscusswhysomethinghashappened Manyscientistsspeculatethatextraterrestriallifeexists.
orwhatmighthappen
sosurprised,upset,orangrythatyoucannotthinkof Thecitizenswereleftspeechlessbythekingsbrutality.
anythingtosay
Thepupils'ownexperiencescanbeausefulstarterfordiscussion.
tosomedegreebutnottoalargedegree
asthebeginningorfirststageofsomething
st(r)t(r)z/
1onesmallpartofalargerthing:used
withsomenouns,forexamplesubset,subspecies
144 sub
prefix
/sb/
145 tele
prefix
/teli/
146 teleshopping
noun
/ teli p/
147 temporary***
adjective
/ temp()rri/
148 totally***
adverb
/ tt()li/
149 trackrecord
noun
/ trk
rek(r)d/
overadistance:usedwithsomenounsand
adjectives,forexampletelescope,telegraph
thepracticeofsellinggoodsthroughspecial
televisionprogrammes
existing,done,orusedforonlyalimitedperiodof
time
completely
yourreputation,basedonthethingsthatyouhave
done
Thegovernmentcouldhaveusedthatmoneytohelppeoplein
needforstarters.
Theresearchersdressedwarmlyforthesubarctictemperatures.
Improvedtelescopesanddetectorshaveledtothedetectionof
dozensofnewplanetarysystems.
Teleshoppinghasslowlydeclinedasmoreandmorepeople
switchtoonlineshopping.
Describeaninterestingorunusualexhibitortemporary
exhibitionyouhaveseeninamuseum.
Shahrazadsdecisiontoseethekingleftherfatherfeelingtotally
bewildered.
Icanbringtothepostaproventrackrecordinsuccessfulteam
management.
11
153
153
13
11
153
13
8
11
16
anonlinesocialnetworkingservice
150 Twitter
noun
/ twt(r)/
151 ultra
prefix
/ltr/
152 ultramodern
adjective
/ ltr md(r)n/
extremely:usedwithmanyadjectives,forexample
ultrarightwing,ultracautious
extremelymodern
ultrasonicsoundsaresoundsthathumanscannot
hearbecausetheyhaveveryhighfrequencies
153 ultrasonic
adjective
/ ltr snk/
154 unfriend
verb
/n frend/
155 unicorn
noun
/ ju nk(r)n/
156 update**
verb
/p det/
157 upload**
verb
/ p ld/
158 usergenerated
adjective
/ ju z(r)
NewwordsarecomingintoEnglishallthetime,especiallyonthe
internet(blog,Twitter,unfriend).
Thelichensurvivedexposuretotheglaringultravioletradiation
oftheSun.
Herantiquefurniturecontrastedthe ultramoderndesignofthe
house.
Specialisedcarhornsuseultrasonictechnologytodriveaway
deer.
15
13
toremoveacontactfromasocialnetworkingsite
denretd/
159 utterly***
160 valid**
adverb
adjective
/ t(r)li/
/ vld/
161 venue**
162 verifiable
noun
adjective
/ venju /
/ verfab()l/
163 verify
verb
/ verfa/
164 very***
adverb
/ veri/
165 vet
verb
/vet/
166 visit***
verb
/ vzt/
167 vizier
noun
Shewasupsetthatherlongtimefriendunfriendedheronthe
socialnetworkingsite.
animaginarycreaturelikeahorsewithasinglelong AlmosteveryRenaissancemuseumhadaunicornshorn.
hornonitshead
1toaddthemostrecentinformationto Thedatabaseupdatesautomaticallywhennewinformationis
entered.
somethingsuchasabook,document,list,blogor
socialnetworkingprofile
tosendafile,videoorimagefromyourcomputerto Highspeedinternetconnectionsmakeiteasytouploadand
alargersystemusingtheinternet
downloadpicturesquickly.
ifthecontentofawebsiteisusergenerated,itis
createdbymembersofthepublic
completely:oftenusedforemphasisinghowbad
someoneorsomethingis
reasonableandgenerallyaccepted
theplacewhereanactivityoreventhappens
Usergeneratedcontentmayreplacethecontributionsofexperts.
6
Thecitizenswereutterlyhorrifiedbythekingsbrutality.
Allopinionsareequallyvalid.
Morepeoplearegoingtopublicculturalinstitutionsthesedays
thanaregoingtosportingvenues.
abletobecheckedorproved
Allarticlesmuststriveforverifiableaccuracy.
tocheckortoprovethatsomethingistrueorcorrect Therewasnowaytoverifyhisclaims.
completely:oftenusedforemphasisinghowbad
someoneorsomethingis
toexaminesomethinginordertodecideifitis
allowed
touseawebsiteorblog
153
11
7
8
7
Theirfatherathisdeathleftthemaverymoderatefortune.
11
Articlesarevettedforaccuracyandappropriatenessbyapanelof
expertsontheWikipediaEditorialBoard.
Today,moreandmoreyoungpeopleare visitingmuseums.
6
9
/vz(r)/
168 weakness**
noun
/ wi kns/
169 webbased
adjective
/ web
animportantgovernmentofficialinsomeMuslim
countriesinthepast
afaultorproblemthatmakessomethingor
someonelesseffectiveorattractive
accessibleusingtheinternet
best/
ThevizierwasoverjoyedwhenShahrazadslifewasspared.
11
Despiteitsweaknesses,Wikipediaisstillagreatentrypointfor
findinginformation.
ThefirstwebbasedwikiwascreatedbyWardCunninghamin
1995toenablecomputerprogrammerstoshareideasonline.
170 wiki
noun
/ wki/
171 youngster**
noun
/ jst(r)/
awebsitewhichallowsitsreaderstofreelyaddand Awikiisawebsitethatallowstheeasycreationandeditingof
webpages.
editcontentandtocreatelinksbetweendifferent
piecesofcontent
achildorayoungperson
Somemuseumshavefoundthemselvesabsolutelycrowdedwith
youngstersintheevening.
6
153
172 Unit2
advance**
verb
175
176
Beforehecouldadvanceanotherstep,themenranaway.
frightened,forexamplebecauseyoufeelyouarein
danger
differentfromsomethingelseandabletobeused
insteadofit
somethingthatyouverymuchwanttodo,usually
somethingthatisdifficulttoachieve
tosucceedindoingsomethingthatyouverymuch
wanttodo
Imafraidofthedark.
/d vns/
173
174
tohelpsomethingprogressandbecomemore
developedorsuccessful
afraid***
adjective
/ fred/
alternative***
adjective
/l t(r)ntv/
ambition**
noun
/m b()n/
fulfilanambition
177
phrase
24
Wearenowlookingforanalternativemethod.
Hisambitionwastobecomeasuccessfulwriter.
Hewasonthevergeoffulfillinghisambitionwhenonedayhis
mothersuddenlyannouncedthattheywouldbeleaving.
/fl fl n m b()n/
24
somethingthatmakesitcomfortableorenjoyableto Amenitiesincludeagym,apool,andajacuzzi.
liveorworksomewhere
amenity
noun
anxious**
adjective
/ mi nti/
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
apprehensive
adjective
/ prhensv/
arouse**
verb
/ raz/
as***
conjunction
/z/, /z/
phrase
/z
assoonas...
background**
balance***
noun
188
worriedbecauseyouthinksomethingbadmight
happen
slightlyworriedornervous
Imfeelinganxiousabouttheinterviewtomorrow.
24
Thenoiseofcarswhooshingbyleftmefeelinginsecureand
apprehensive.
tocauseanemotionorattitude
Theycantseeanything,sotheirothersensesarekindof
aroused.
usedforsayingthatsomethinghappensatthesame Asthesunsinksbehindthehorizon,yourworldisinstantly
timeassomethingelse
plungedintogloom.
immediatelyaftersomethinghashappened
AssoonasIsawthemancomingtowardsme,Istartedrunning.
su n z/
/ bk rand/
noun
/ blns/
185
186
187
/ ks/
bang*
verb
/b/
bark*
verb
/b(r)k/
23
155
20
28
thepartofapictureorpatternthatisbehindthe
mainpeopleorthingsinit
asituationinwhichdifferentaspectsorfeaturesare
treatedequallyorexistinthecorrectrelationshipto
eachother
1tohitsomethinghard,makingaloud
noise
2tomove,makingloudnoises
tomaketheshortloudsoundthatadogmakes
Whatelsecanyouseeintheforegroundandthe background?
18
Womanwitha Balance isoneofVermeersfinestpaintings.
19
Iheardadoorbang.
23
Thereweredogsplayfullybarkinginthedistanceduringourstroll
inanimaginarypark.
23
A
189
blind**
adjective
bound**
adjective
boundto.../boundnotto...
191
193
194
195
phrase
/ bren tald/
breath***
noun
/bre/
phrase
/ hld j(r)
adjective
/brat/
noun
/bz/
holdyourbreath
bright***
1
thebuzzofconversation
2
200
/ band tu / / band
nt tu /
noun
198 buzz
199
/bland/
brainchild
196 buzz
197
phrase
verb
Policeofficersfinallycorneredandcapturedthedog.
difficulttodealwithorachieve,butinterestingand
enjoyable
thepossibilitythatsomethingwillhappen
Itaimstoevokeinthevisitorsextraordinaryandpowerful
emotionsthatarementallychallenging.
Computersallowpeopletolinkup,communicateanddo
business,andthusstandachanceofcompetinginglobalmarkets.
adjective
/ tlnd/
chance***
noun
clatter
verb
/t(r)p/
click*
verb
/klk/
compensate**
verb
/ kmpnset/
/ kmpnset f(r)
sm/
compensateforsomethingphrase
23
22
20
str
/ klt(r)/
204
24
Hehadbeenpractisingdivingandholdinghisbreathsothathe,
too,wouldbeabletogothroughthetunnel.
Iwasthrownfrombrightsunshineintocompletedarkness.
togetcontrolofsomething
challenging
verb
tobreatheinandnotlettheairoutagainforsome
time
fullofstrongshininglight
Myheadwasstillbuzzinghoursafterleavingthenightclub.
/ kpt(r)/
chirp
22
23
verb
phrase
21
acleversystem,organisation,orplanthatsomeone DialogueintheDark isthebrainchildofGermanentrepreneur
thinksofanddevelops
AndreasHeinecke.
Hecouldfeelhercoolbreathonhisface.
1whenaninsectsuchasaflyorbee
202
207
22
Oilisboundtorunoutinmylifetime.
/bz/
/e(r)z
t/
206
Inthesummer,hecanheartheconstant buzzoftheair
capture**
theresastrongchancethat...
bre/
somethingthatisboundtohappenwillalmost
certainlyhappen,somethingthatisboundnotto
happenwillalmostcertainlynothappen
thesoundofalotofpeopletalkingatthesametime Iheardthebuzzofconversation.
/tns/
205
Itisdesignedtogivesightedpeopleaninsightintotheexperience
ofbeingblind.
Bysigningthecontract,youagreetobeboundbyitsterms.
/ bz v
knv(r) se()n/
201
203
unabletosee
/band/
190
192
tns
itisverypossiblethat...
Theresastrongchancethatthousandsofspeciesofplantsand
animalswillsoonbecomeextinct.
whenabirdoraninsectchirps,itmakesashorthigh Therewerebirdschirpingduringourstrollinanimaginarypark.
sound
ifahardobjectclatters,orifyouclatterit,itmakes Thesoundofwaterclatteringontomarblestonescamefrommy
left.
severalloudshortnoisesasithitsagainstanother
hardobjectorsurface
tomakeashortsoundlikethesoundwhenyoupress Thecamerascontinuedclickingastheydroveaway.
aswitch
Theairlinewillhavetofindawaytocompensatethefamiliesof
thevictims.
tochangeorremovethebadresultofsomething
ItwasasifmysenseswerecompensatingfortheoneIhadleft
behind.
21
23
23
23
consume**
/kn sju m/
consumption**
noun
/kn smp()n/
energyconsumption
210
phrase
crackle
verb
creak
verb
213
cut***
cutthroat
noun
217
218
219
220
/dnt/
dazzling
adjective
/ dzl/
deaf**
adjective
/def/
define***
verb
/dfan/
definitely**
adverb
/ def()ntli/
dependence**
noun
/dpendns/
destroy***
verb
223
acutthroatactivityorsituationisoneinwhich
peoplebehaveinanunfairorimmoralwayinorder
togetanadvantageoverotherpeople
ifsomethingdauntsyou,itmakesyouworried
becauseyouthinkthatitwillbeverydifficultor
dangeroustodo
adazzlinglightissobrightthatitmakesyouunable
toseeforashortperiodoftime
notabletohearanything,ornotabletohearvery
well
tobeafeatureorqualitythatshowsexactlywhat
someoneorsomethingislike
withoutanydoubt
IadmitI'mdauntedbythejob,butI'mgoingtotrymybest.
Icouldbarelyseeinthedazzlingmiddaysun.
She'sbeentotallydeafsincebirth.
Noonehasdefinedthescopeoftheproject.
Theworldsgovernmentswilldefinitelyfindwaystohaltclimate
changeinthenearfuture.
asituationinwhichyouneedsomeoneorsomething Solarpowercouldbethekeytoreducingourcurrent dependence
inordertoliveorsucceed
onfossilfuels.
todamagesomethingsoseverelythatitnolonger Halftheworld'srainforestshavealreadybeen destroyed.
existsorcanneverreturntoitsnormalstate
devoid
devoidof
adjective
phrase
/dvd/
/dvd
v/
lackingsomething,especiallyagoodquality
toeatorusesomethingveryfast
devour
21
20
Ourguideproceededtoleadusthroughaworld devoidofvisual
stimuli.
Ourguideproceededtoleadusthroughaworld devoidofvisual
stimuli.
Hewasalreadydevouringdetectivefictionasayoungchild.
23
23
verb
/dva(r)/
224
225
Therecentgraduatefoundithardtogetusedtothe cutthroat
businessworld.
/dstr/
221
222
20
155
verb
215
20
tomakecontinuousshortsoundslikethesoundof Theradiobegantocrackle.
woodburning
ifsomethingcreaks,especiallysomethingwooden,it Thechaircreakedasshesatdown.
makesahighnoisewhenitmovesorwhenyouput
weightonit
areductioninsomething
Lookatallthecutstheyremakingintheartsatthemoment.
/kt/
/ kt rt/
daunt
216
/ krk()l/
adjective
214
Whereenergyconsumptionislower,panelsarerelatively
inexpensivetoproduceandinstall.
Injustonehourthesuniscapableofproducingenoughpowerto
fueltheworldscurrentannualenergyconsumption.
/ en(r)di kn smp()n/
/kri k/
212
20
theamountofenergythatpeopleuse
211
touseasupplyofsomethingsuchastime,energy,or Ahugeoutlayisrequiredtoinstallpanelslargeenoughto
fuel
producealltheelectricityconsumedbytheaveragehousehold.
verb
208
209
dim
adjective
dimlightisnotbright
/dm/
Inmanydevelopingcountries,choresandschoolworkmustbe
donebythedim,flickeringlightofacandle.
20
disability**
noun
/ ds blti/
226
227
228
229
discrete
adjective
/dskri t/
disorientation
noun
/ds rin te()n/
dive**
verb
/dav/
dizzy
adjective
/ dzi/
230
231
domestic***
adjective
doubt***
noun
232
thereislittle/nodoubtthat...
233
234
235
236
phrase
drift**
drown**
emission**
verb
verb
noun
carbonemissions
237
238
phrase
exhaustemissions
phrase
zeroemissions
239
phrase
encompass
240
241 encounter**
verb
noun
enhance**
verb
enlightenment
noun
242
243
/d mestk/
aconditioninwhichsomeoneisnotabletousea
partoftheirbodyorbrainproperly,forexample
becauseofaninjury
separate
23
Mybrainstruggledwithhavingtopiecetogetherdiscretetouch
sensationsinordertoidentifythewhole.
confusionaboutwhereyouareorwhatdirectionyou Disorientationdoesnotbegintodescribetheexperienceof
aremovingin
suddenlybeingrobbedofyourmajorsensoryorgan.
toswimunderwater,usuallyusingspecialequipment Hehadbeenobservingthemdivethroughanunderground
sothatyoucanbreathe
tunnelandcomeouttheotherside.
Hisnosebledsobadlythatheturneddizzy.
feelingasifyouorthethingsaroundyouare
spinning,especiallywhenyouthinkyouaregoingto
fall
relatingtopeopleshomesandfamilylife
JohannesVermeerwasaDutchpainterwhospecialisedin
domesticinteriorscenesofmiddleclasslife.
afeelingofnotbeingcertainaboutsomething
Thereseemstobesomedoubtastowhetherthisislegal.
/dat/
itisalmostcertain/certainthat...
/e(r) z lt()l dat
t/, /e(r) z n dat
t/
tobepushedalongveryslowlybythemovementof
airorwater
/drft/
tosinkunderwateranddie
/dran/
asubstance,especiallyagas,thatgoesintotheair
/m()n/
carbondioxideandcarbonmonoxideinthe
atmosphere,producedbyvehiclesandindustrial
processes
/ k(r)bn m()nz/
gasesfromavehiclesengine
/zst m()nz/
vehiclesthathavezeroemissionsdonotproduce
substancesthatdamagetheatmosphere
/ zr m()nz/
toincludealotofpeopleorthings
/n kmps/
/n kant(r)/
anexperienceordiscoveryofaparticularkind
toimprovesomething,ortomakeitmoreattractive
ormorevaluable
/n hns/
theprocessofexplainingorunderstanding
somethingclearly
/n lat()nmnt/
Howfardoyouthinkyourlearninginstitutioncaterstotheneeds
ofpeoplewithadisability?
23
23
24
154
18
Theresnodoubtthatwewillhavediscoverednewsourcesofoil
bythemiddleofthecentury.
21
Hedriftedtothesurface,hisfaceturneduptotheair.
24
Hemustgoonintotheblacknessahead,orhewould drown.
24
Itishighlylikelythatglobaltemperatureswillriseifwedonot
curbgreenhouseemissions.
Wemustalldoourparttocutharmful carbonemissions.
21
Carmanufacturershopetoreduce exhaustemissionsby30%
withinthenextthreeyears.
Itislikelythatallvehiclemanufacturerswillmakeatleastone
zeroemissionsvehiclewithinthedecade.
Thestudentdebateswillencompassarangeofsubjects.
Theonlywaytolearnisthroughencounter.
Themeasurestakenshouldconsiderablyenhancetheresidents'
qualityoflife.
22
ShetravelledtoIndiainsearchofenlightenment.
19
A
244
245
246
247
enrich
verb
/n rt/
evoke
verb
/vk/
faint**
adjective
/fent/
foreground
foreseeable
noun
/ f(r) rand/
249
phrase
fossilfuel
/n f(r) si b()l
fju t(r)/
/ fs()l
frankly*
adverb
fju l/
252
253 frightened*
fumble*
phrase
adjective
154
Whatelsecanyouseeintheforegroundandthebackground?
18
atafuturetimethatisnotverydistant,andthatcan Thereisunlikelytobeamajornuclearaccidentintheforeseeable
beatleastpartlyguessedfrompresentconditions
future.
21
afuelsuchascoaloroil,madefromdecayed
materialfromanimalsorplantsthatlivedmany
thousandsofyearsago
Solarpowercouldbethekeytoreducingourcurrentdependence
onfossilfuels.
20
/ kwat frkli/
/ frat()nd/
usedforemphasizingthatwhatyouareabouttosay Quitefrankly,Idon'tthinktheresanypointinstudyingart.
isyourhonestopinion,eventhoughthepersonyou
aretalkingtomightnotlikeit
feelingorshowingfear,especiallysuddenly
Imfrightenedofthedark.
totrytohold,move,orfindsomethingusingyour
Wehadtofumbleforourwalletsinthepitchblackbar.
handsinawaythatisnotskilfulorgraceful
/ fmb()l/
gangup
phrasalverb
gasp*
verb
/sp/
generate***
verb
/ denret/
gooff
phrasalverb
/ f/
/ ri dli/
/ h(r)d v
258
259 greedily
260 hardofhearing
262
22
/ frkli/
verb
254
261
Itaimstoevokeinthevisitorspowerfulemotionsthatare
mentallychallenging.
Thelightproducesafaintreflectioninthemirror.
Shetalksfranklyaboutherunhappychildhood.
quitefrankly
257
tobringaparticularemotion,idea,ormemoryinto
yourmind
afaintlight,sight,sound,smell,ortasteisnotstrong
orclear
thefrontpartofasceneorpicture
Theincreaseddemandfororganicproducewasnot foreseeable
tenyearsago.
noun
250
256
Doingvolunteerworkhasenrichedmylife.
/f(r) si b()l/
intheforeseeablefuture
255
tomakesomethingbetterormoreenjoyable
adjective
248
251
adverb
adjective
verb
/ h(r)ns/
harsh**
adjective
/h(r)/
honk
verb
/hk/
/ hr(r)/
263
264 horror**
noun
23
tojointogetherinagrouptohurt,frighten,orfight Itwasasifmysenseswereganginguptocompensatefortheone
someone
Ihadleftbehind.
tomakeaviolentefforttobreathebecauseyouneed Hewasgaspinglikeafish.
moreair
toproducepower
Thistimenextyearwewillbeinstallingsolarpanelstogenerate
energy.
toexplode,ortobefired
Thegunwentoffwhilehewascleaningit.
p/
harness
24
hr/
eating,drinkingorusingmorethanyouneed
unabletohearwell
togetcontrolofsomethinginordertouseitfora
particularpurpose
harshcoloursorlightsarenotpleasantbecausethey
areverybright
tomakealoudnoiseusingahorn,especiallythe
hornofacar
Shegreedilygrabbedtwobigpiecesofcake.
Heishardofhearing,sopleasespeakabitlouder.
Thepowerofthesunisharnessedbymeansofphotovoltaicsolar
panels.
IlierememberstheharshlivingconditionsinRomania.
24
21
20
Thecarhornshonkingleftmefeelinginsecureandapprehensive.
Iloveoldhorrormovies,likeDracula orFrankenstein .
23
23
27
A
265
266
haveahorrorof(doing)something
phrase
house***
verb
household***
noun
humanities,the
/ hju
humankind
noun
illuminating
adjective
273
adjective
/m(r)st/
inconceivable
adjective
/ nkn si vb()l/
inevitable***
adjective
/n evtb()l/
informative*
adjective
noun
275
278
279
280
/ nst le()n/
interior**
noun
/n tri(r)/
intimidated
adjective
/n tmdetd/
jump***
verb
/dmp/
phrase
/t
kerosene
noun
/ kersi n/
latitudes
pluralnoun
tomakesomeonejump
Whatisthevalueofstudyingthehumanities?
26
Inthelongterm,humankindwillprobablyneedtoemigratetoa
differentplanet.
Wehadaveryilluminatingdiscussion,butinthecoldlightofday
providingneworusefulinformation,sothat
somethingbecomesclearerandeasiertounderstand Irejecthisarguments.
21
19
ifyouareimmersedinsomething,youspendmostof Iwashavingsmellillusionswhileimmersedinthisworldof
yourtimedoingitorthinkingaboutit
darkness.
impossibletothinkaboutorimagine
Itisinconceivablethatglobaltemperatureswillriseifwedonot
curbgreenhouseemissions.
impossibletoavoidorprevent
Itisinevitablethatglobaltemperatureswillriseifwedonotcurb
greenhouseemissions.
givingalotofinformationinahelpfulway
Ilearnedalotfromtheentertainingand informative
documentaryonthebenefitsofexercise.
apieceofartthatconsistsofseveraldifferent
objectsorpicturesarrangedtoproduceaparticular
effect
theinsidepartofsomething,especiallyabuildingor
vehicle
feelingnervousorfrightenedofsomeoneor
something
23
21
21
OlafurEliassonisfamousforhissculpturesandinstallationsthat
makeuseofwater,airandlight.
18
JohannesVermeerspecialisedindomesticinteriorscenesof
middleclasslife.
Imfeelingintimidatedbytheamountofworkthatneedsdoing.
light***
noun
18
24
You'llhavetojumpifyouwanttocatchit.
mek smwn
togivesomeoneashockwhichmakesthemsuddenly Loudnoisesmakemejump.
dmp/ movetheirbodyslightly
aclearoilwithastrongsmellthatisusedforfuel
Inmanydevelopingcountries,choresandschoolworkmustbe
donebythelightofakerosenelamp.
aplaceorregionataparticularlatitude(=the
Thepowerofthesunisasafesourceofenergyinsunny latitudes.
distanceofapointontheEarthfromtheequator)
/ lttju dz/
281
282
22
/n f(r)mtv/
installation**
277
/ hju mn kand/
immersed
274
276
mntiz/
20
subjectssuchashistory,literature,andphilosophy
thatarebasedonthestudyofhumancultureand
ideas
peopleingeneral
/lu mnet/
270
272
Hehadahorrorofbeinginaconfinedspace.
tobetheplacewheresomethingiskept,orwherean DialogueintheDark isanexhibition,housedindifferentcentres

activityiscarriedout
aroundtheworld.
thepeoplewholiveinahouseorflatwhentheyare Ahugeoutlayisrequiredtoinstallpanelslargeenoughto
consideredasasingleunit
producealltheelectricityconsumedbytheaverage household.
/haz/
pluralnoun
268
271
du tobeveryfrightenedof(doing)something
/ has hld/
267
269
/hv hr(r) v
sm/
24
20
20
OlafurEliassonisfamousforhissculpturesandinstallationsthat
makeuseofwater,airandlight.
/lat/
18
A
283
bythelightofsomething
usingthelightgivenbysomething
phrase
/ba
lat v
sm/
inthecoldlightofday
284
285
286
287
288
phrase
inthelightofsomething
thelightattheendofthetunnel
cometolight
givethegreenlighttosomething
290
/n
phrase
/ lat t i
tn()l/
phrase
/ km t
phrase
/ v ri n
sm/
291
phrase
shedlightonsomething
phrase
lightup
phrasalverb
likelihood*
noun
thereisalikelihood/littlelikelihoodth
293
295
296
phrase
likely***
likely/highlylikelyto......
unlikely/highlyunlikelyto......
memento
adjective
phrase
phrase
noun
297
modest**
adjective
mood***
noun
298
299
300
lat v
de/
lat n
/ lat
tothinkofsomeoneinabad/new/differentetcway
Hisbehaviourhasledmetoseehiminadifferentlight.
tohelpsomeoneunderstandsomethingbetter
Scientistshopethediscoveryofthisgenewillshedlightonthe
disease.
Whenmidnightstruck,thewholeskywaslitupbythefirework
display.
There'sastronglikelihoodthathewillrunforpresidentnext
year.
lat/
lat t
p/
19
19
19
19
/si
smwn n bd,
nju , dfrnt lat/
/ed
toapprovesomething
somethingthatmakesyouthinkthatadifficult
situationwillimprove
Iffactscometolight,peoplediscoverthem.
19
19
Inthelightofthelatestrevelations,thegovernmenthasdecided
nottorenewtheircontract.
Theprojecthasalreadytakensixmonths,butIcansee thelight
attheendofthetunnel.
Newfactshavecometolightwhichsuggestthatourearlier
hypothesiswaswrong.
Thegovernmenthasgiventhegreenlighttotheproposal.
sm/
end v
19
sm/
tomakeaplacebrighterbygivingitlight
19
19
/ laklihd/
292
294
kld lat v
phrase
seesomeoneinabad/new/differente
289
/n
usedforsayinghowpeoplefeelaboutemotional
matterswhentheythinkaboutthemlaterina
calmerway
becauseofaparticularfact
Wecouldjustmakeouttheoutlineofthehouse bythelightof
themoon.
Wehadaveryilluminatingdiscussion,butinthecoldlightofday
Irejecthisarguments.
muffled
adjective
/e(r) z laklihd t/, thereisagoodchance/hardlyanychancethat

/e(r) z lt()l laklihd somethingmighthappen
t/
Thereslittlelikelihoodthatwewillhavediscoverednewsources
ofoilbythemiddleofthecentury.
21
Themostlikelycauseofthefirewasacigarette.
/ lakli/
probably/veryprobablygoingtohappen,or
/ lakli/, / hali lakli tu / probably/veryprobablytrue
/n lakli/, / hali n lakli probably/veryprobablynotgoingtohappen,or
probably/veryprobablynottrue
tu /
somethingthatyoukeeptoremindyouofa
particularperson,place,orexperience
/m ment/
fairlysmall,especiallywhencomparedwithother
thingsofthesametype
/ mdst/
aqualitythatsomethingsuchasaplace,film,or
pieceofartormusichasthatmakesyouhavea
particularfeeling
/mu d/
amuffledsoundisnoteasytohearbecauseitis
blockedbysomething
/ mf()ld/
Oilislikelytorunoutinmylifetime.
21
Thereisunlikelytobeamajornuclearaccidentintheforeseeable
future.
WewroteatextonaBrailletypewriterandtookithomeasa
mementooftheexploration.
21
23
Hisincomewasmodestcomparedwiththatofotherchief
executives.
Themoodofgentleserenityiscreatedbylightstreamingintoa
dimlylitroomfromanexternalsource.
154
Wecouldn'treallysaywhatthemuffledsoundwas.
155
nervous**
301
302 noise***
303 thenoiseofsomething
304
305
306
307
308
309
nuclear***
nuclearenergy
nuclearpower
nuclearpowerstation
nuclearwaste
nuclearweapon
nurture
adjective
noun
phrase
adjective
feelingexcitedandworried,orslightlyafraid
/ n(r)vs/
/nz/
/ nz v
sm /
aloudorunpleasantsound
thesoundthatsomethingmakes
/ nju kli(r)/
phrase
/ nju kli(r)
phrase
phrase
/ nju kli(r) pa(r)/

/nju kli(r) pa(r)
ste()n/
phrase
/ nju kli(r)
west/
phrase
/ nju kli(r)
wepn/
en(r)di/
energythatisproducedwhenthestructureofthe
centralpartofanatomischanged
power,usuallyintheformofelectricity,thatis
producedbynuclearenergy
alargebuildingthatcontainsmachineswhich
producenuclearpower
dangeroussubstancesthatremainafternuclear
energyhasbeenproduced
apowerfulbomborotherweaponthatusesnuclear
energy
tohelpsomeoneorsomethingtodevelop
Amidstnervousgiggling,ourguideproceededtoleadusthrough
aworlddevoidofvisualstimuli.
Shefoundithardtoidentifythelocationof noises.
Icanhearthenoiseofababycrying.
Thereisunlikelytobeamajornuclear accidentintheforeseeable
future.
Nuclearenergyprovidesaquarterofthecountry'selectricity.
Unfortunately,itseemsveryunlikelythatnuclearpowerwillever
becompletelysafe.
In2030thegovernmentwillbuildtennewnuclearpower
stations.
Theresnowaywewilleverbeabletodisposeofnuclearwaste
safely.
Thethreatofnuclearweaponsiseverpresentintoday'sworld.
23
22
23
21
135
21
21
Themagazinehadareputationfornurturingyoungwriters.
verb
/ n(r)t(r)/
310
paradoxically
usedforsayingthatsomethingisstrangebecauseit Paradoxically,itistheirdifferencesthatbringthemclosertoeach
istheoppositeofwhatyouexpect
other.
adverb
/ pr dkskli/
311
personally**
WhatpersonallysurprisedmethemostwasthesmellillusionsI
washavingwhileimmersedinthisworldofdarkness.
adverb
/ p(r)s()nli/
312
313
personally,Ifeel...
phrase
/ p(r)s()nli a
23
fi l/
usedforemphasisingthatyouaregivingyourown
opinion
Personally,Ifeelweshouldstickwithouroriginalplan.
Youcancallitbraveorfoolish,dependingonyour perspective.
perspective**
noun
314
315
achangeofperspective
phrase
fromsomeonesperspective
316
317
318
phrase
petrified
adjective
phobia**
noun
piecetogether
319
320 point***
phrasalverb
noun
/p(r) spektv/
/ tend v
p(r) spektv/
/frm smwnz
p(r) spektv/
/ petrfad/
/ fbi/
achangeinthewaysomeonethinksabout
something
accordingtothewaysomeonethinksabout
something
Theexhibitionisdesignedtoprovokeachangeofperspective.
extremelyfrightened,especiallysothatyoucannot
moveordecidewhattodo
averystrongfeelingofdislikingorbeingafraidof
someoneorsomething
tolearnthetruthaboutsomethingbyconsideringall
theseparatebitsofinformationyouhave
Impetrifiedofheights.
/ pi s t e(r)/
/pnt/
22
Fromtheperspectiveofanyonewithchildren,itlooksrather
irrelevant.
24
Ihaveaphobiaaboutsnakes.
24
Mybrainstruggledwiththeunfamiliartaskofhavingto piece
togetherdiscretetouchsensations.
Theresnopointinstudyinganartssubjectatuniversity.
23
26
A
321
beonthepointofdoingsomething
pop**
phrase
324
pnt v
Igrabbedmymobilephoneand wasonthepointofdiallingthe
emergencynumber.
ifsomethingsuchasaballoonpops,orifyoupopit, Champagnecorkswerepopping.
itburstsandmakesasuddenloudnoise
possibility***
noun
power
verb
predictably*
adverb
probably***
thechancethatsomethingmighthappenorbetrue
/ ps blti/
togiveamachineorvehiclepower
probablynot
prohibitively
phrase
/ prbbli
nt/
adverb
noun
/ri lti
renewableenergy
tek/
noun
/rnju b()l
330
nonrenewableenergy
331
phrase
en(r)di/
/nn rnju b()l

en(r)di/
differentplanet.
usedforsayingthatyouthinksomethingisunlikely Globalwarmingwillprobablynotbecomemoreofaproblemin
thenearfuture.
somethingwhichisprohibitivelyexpensiveprevents Insurancefordangeroussportscanbe prohibitivelyexpensive.
peoplefrombuyingitbecauseitcoststoomuch
21
21
verb
/r/
rounded
adjective
/ randd/
noun
/ rmb()l/
verb
/ rmb()l/
/ske(r)d/
/ ske(r)d stf/
rumble
rumble
335
336 scared**
337 scaredstiff
scratch*
adjective
phrase
verb
MysenseswerecompensatingfortheoneIhadleftbehind,with
ifyoutellsomeonethattheyneedarealitycheck,
youwantthemtoconsiderthetruesituationinstead noregardforarealitycheck.
ofthewaytheywantittobe
Iftheworldsgovernmentscanswitchtorenewableenergy
formsofenergyforprovidingelectricitywhich
replacethemselvesbynaturalprocesses,sothatthey sources,itmaybepossibletoreversethemassiveclimatechange.
arenevercompletelyusedup,forexamplefromthe
sunorwind
nonrenewabletypesofenergy,forexamplefossil
fuels,existinlimitedamounts,andwhentheseare
allusedtherewillbenoneleft
23
20
Shouldwecontinuetoconsumevastquantitiesofnonrenewable
sourcesofenergy?
1ifabellrings,itproducesasound
ring***
338
Theopposition,predictably,accusedtheGovernmentof
incompetence.
usedforsayingthatyouthinksomethingislikely
/ prbbli/
329
334
21
/prhbtvli/
realitycheck
333
Theresapossibilitythatwewillhavediscoverednewsourcesof
oilbythemiddleofthecentury.
Thenewvehicleispoweredbyfuelcells.
/ pa(r)/
adverb
328
332
28
/prdktbli/
325
327
/pp/
happeninginthewaythatyouwouldexpect
326
du tobeabouttodosomething
verb
322
323
/bi n
sm/
/skrt/
Thebicyclebellsringingleftmefeelinginsecureand
apprehensive.
combiningdifferentaspectstoproducearesultthat Thehumanitiesmakeyouintoafullyroundedhumanbeing.
iscompleteorwelldeveloped
acontinuousdeepsound,forexamplethesound
Iheardtherumbleofthunder.
madebythunder
tomakeacontinuousdeepsound
Lorriesrumblepasttheirhomes.
frightenedorworried
Imscaredofthedark.
extremelyfrightenedorworried
I'mscaredstiffofheights.
tomovesomethingsharpagainstahardsurfaceand Webegantohearkindofscratchesagainstthedesk.
makeanoise
23
155
23
24
24
155
A
339
340
341
342
343
344
sensoryorgan
noun
/ sensri
sighted
adjective
/ satd/
partiallysighted
/ p(r)li
simulation*
noun
/ smjle()n/
slimy
adjective
/ slami/
solar***
adjective
solareclipse
phrase
/ sl(r)
en(r)di/
phrase
/ sl(r)
pn()l/
phrase
/ sl(r)
pa(r)/
phrase
/ sl(r)
sstm/
adverb
/ su n(r)/
phrase
noun
/n su n(r) n/
/sand/
squeak
verb
/skwi k/
stabilise
verb
/ steblaz/
startle
verb
solarpower
solarsystem
350
351
sooner*
nosooner...than...
352
353 sound*
354
355
357
358
struggle**
stumble*
verb
verb
23
22
23
20
ashortperiodwhenallorpartoftheSunbecomes
dark,becauseofthepositionsoftheSun,moon,and
Earthinrelationtoeachother
substancesandradiationfromtheSun
Alltheplanetarybodieswithinoursolarsystemarereceiving
somestrange,neverseenbeforesolaremissions.
energythatusesthepoweroftheSunslightand
heattoproduceelectricity
apieceofequipmentthatusesenergyfromtheSun
tocreatepowerforabuilding
power,usuallyintheformofelectricity,thatis
producedbynuclearenergy
astarandtheplanetsthatgoroundit,especiallythe
SunandthegroupofplanetsthatincludestheEarth
Solarenergycouldbethekeytoreducingourcurrent
dependenceonfossilfuels.
Thepowerofthesunisharnessedbymeansofphotovoltaic solar
panels.
Solarpowercouldbethekeytoreducingourcurrent
dependenceonfossilfuels.
Spaceprogrammesthroughouttheworldcontinuetosearchfor
planetsinothersolarsystems.
20
20
20
MypredictionhascometruesoonerthanIthought.
/ st(r)t()l/
356
peoplewhoarenotcompletelyblindarepartially
sighted
somethingthatproducesthefeaturesofasituation Wewereledintoasimulationofabusystreet.
inawaythatseemsrealbutisnot
coveredwithathickwetunpleasantsubstance
Therooffeltslimyaswellassharp.
/ sl(r)/
/ sl(r) m()nz/
solarpanel
Disorientationdoesnotdescribetheexperienceofsuddenly
beingrobbedofyourmajorsensoryorgan.
Itisdesignedtogivesighted peopleaninsightintotheexperience
ofbeingblind.
Theschoolwascreatedforthepartiallysighted.
24
phrase
solarenergy
partofyourbodyrelatingtothesensesofsight,
hearing,smell,taste,andtouch
someonewhoissightedisnotblind
Thepowerofthesunisharnessedbymeansofphotovoltaic solar
panels.
Ican'twaittousemynewtelescopetoviewthesolareclipse.
/ sl(r) klps/
solaremissions
349
satd/
phrase
346
348
(r)n/
phrase
345
347
/ str()l/
usedforsayingthatsomethinghappensimmediately Ihadnosoonerarrivedatthepubthanthemansteppedin.
aftersomethingelse
somethingthatyoucanhear
Icanhearthesoundofababycrying.
tomakeashort,highnoise
Thedoorsqueakedopen.
tomakesomethingreachastatewherethereareno
longeranymajorchangesorproblems
tomakeapersonoranimalfeelsuddenlyfrightened
orsurprisedbydoingsomethingthattheydonot
expect
touseyourstrengthtofightagainstsomeoneor
something
tofalloralmostfallwhileyouarewalkingorrunning
/ stmb()l/
28
23
Oilpriceshavestabilisedfornow.
Loudnoisesstartleme.
24
Mybrainstruggledtopiecetogetherdiscretetouchsensations.
23
Westumbledaboutasourguideproceededtoleadusthrougha
worlddevoidofvisualstimuli.
23
A
359
360
361
362
363
swear**
Icouldhaveswornthat...
swell*
term***
verb
/swe(r)/
phrase
/a
verb
/swel/
/n
phrase
adjective
/n (r)t
/ terfad/
thunder*
noun
/ nd(r)/
trap**
verb
/trp/
/tred/
367
368 tread*
tremble**
verb
372
373
t(r)m/
t(r)m/
verb
IcouldhaveswornthatI'dpaidthatbill.
Hisheadwasswelling,hislungscracking.
24
Schoolstartedinafewdaystimeandshedidnotwanthimto
begintheterminastateofagitation.
notimmediatelybutatsometimeinthefuture
differentplanet.
duringtheperiodoftimethatisnotveryfarintothe Thereslittlelikelihoodthatwewillneedtoreduceourenergy
future
consumptionintheshortterm.
extremelyfrightened
Imterrifiedofheights.
theloudnoisethatyousometimeshearinthesky
Iheardtherumbleofthunder.
duringastorm
topreventsomeonefromleavingaplace,especially Supposehediedthere,trapped?
adangerousplace
towalkorsteponsomething
Treadsoftlybecauseyoutreadonmydreams.
ifyourbodyorpartofyourbodytrembles,itshakes, Adam'shandsbegantotrembleasheopenedtheletter.
usuallybecauseyouarenervous,afraid,orexcited
25
21
21
24
23
24
19
/ tremb()l/
369
371
usedforsayingthatyouaresurethatsomething
sw(r)n t/ happened
tobecomelargerthannormal,usuallybecauseof
liquidcollectinginside
kd hv
phrase
inthelongterm
I'veneverseenhimbeforeIswear!
/t(r)m/
intheshortterm
370
noun
364
365 terrified
366
view***
noun
/vju /
phrase
/n
wheelchair
noun
/ wi l te(r)/
whoosh
verb
/w/
inmyview...
ma
vju /
apersonalopinion,belief,orattitudeabouta
Didlisteningtothedescriptionchangeyourviewofthepictureat
particularsituationorsubject
all?
usedtoexpressapersonalopinion,belief,orattitude Whatdoesthetunnelrepresent,inyourview?
aboutaparticularsituationorsubject
achairwithlargewheelsthatsomeonewhocannot Thebuildingisnotwheelchairaccessible.
walkusesformovingaround
tomoveveryquicklysomewhere,oftenmakinga
Thenoiseofcarswhooshingbyleftmefeelinginsecure.
soundlikethewindwhenitblows
18
24
23
374 Unit3
375 actionfigure
376 activist*
377 amply*
noun
noun
adverb
/ k()n
f(r)/
/ ktvst/
atoymodelofapersonorimaginarybeing,
especiallyacharacterinafilmoratelevision
programme
someonewhotakespartinactivitiesthatare
intendedtoachievepoliticalorsocialchange,
especiallysomeonewhoisamemberofan
organisation
Didyoucollectactionfiguresasachild?
doneenough,andoftenmorethanyouneed
Thereisalreadyasumofmoneyamplysufficientforyour
suitableeducationandmaintenance.
Wellknownapplicationsincludethefieldofsurgery,whereithas
reducedtheimpactofmajoroperations.
/ mpli/
aparticularusethatsomethinghas
378 application***
noun
/ plke()n/
35
ArundhatiRoyisanactivistwhofocusesonissuesrelatedto
socialjusticeandeconomicinequality.
37
31
40
379 area***
noun
togivereasonswhyyoubelievethatsomethingis
rightortrue
aclimbupwards,especiallyupahillormountain
Thosegirlsarealwaysarguing!
/ (r)ju/
381 ascent*
382 awkward*
noun
adjective
/ sent/
/ kw(r)d/
383 feelawkward
phrase
/ fi l
kw(r)d/
/n kw(r)d salns/
/ bk rand/
OneofJunkoTabeismanygreatachievementswashersolo
ascentofMountEverest.
Esthassilencewasneverawkward.
tofeeluncomfortable,tense,orlackinginconfidence Hisparentsfeltawkwardatfirstaboutwhathedidathome.
387 bargain*
phrase
verb
/ blend nt
bk rand/
noun
adverb
/b z(r)/
/bf(r)/
390 asneverbefore
phrase
/z
verb
37
Heneverbargained.
amarket,especiallyintheMiddleEastandSouth
Asia
Vendorsinthebazaar,sittingbehindpyramidsofoiled,shining
vegetables,grewtorecognisehimandwouldattendtohim
amidsttheclamouringoftheirothercustomers.
37
37
/bli v/
phrase
/a
393 benefactor
noun
/ benfkt(r)/
394 beneficial**
adjective
/ benf()l/
noun
I'dmethimoncebefore.
Theyattractedpeopleandindustryasneverbefore.
nev(r) bf(r)/
392 Ipersonallybelieve
395 blacksmith
IcouldhearaTVinthebackground.
Overtimehehadacquiredtheabilitytoblendintothe
backgroundwhereverhewasintobookshelves,gardens,
curtains,doorways,streetstoappearinanimate.
totrytopersuadesomeonetogiveyouabetter
priceormakeanagreementthatsuitsyoubetter
inawaythathas/hadneverhappenedpreviously
391 believe***
Afterhespoketherewasanawkwardsilence.
/ b(r)n/
388 bazaar
389 before***
p(r)s()nli bli v/
33
tohaveanopinionaboutwhatistrueorwhatmight
happen,althoughthereisnoproof
usedforemphasisingthatyouaregivingyourown
opinion
someonewhohelpsapersonororganisationby
givingthemmoney
somethingthatisbeneficialhasagoodeffector
influenceonsomeoneorsomething
someonewhosejobistomakethingsoutofmetal
TheauthorbelievesthatIndianEnglishwillcontinuetodevelop.
39
Ipersonallybelieveweshouldstickwithouroriginalplan.
Thenameofthepersonwhoisyourliberalbenefactorremainsa
profoundsecret.
Mostoftheapplicationsoflasertechnologyarebeneficial.
noun
/ b(r)d
397 bonding
noun
/ bnd/
em/
31
40
Pipworksforhisbrotherinlaw,Joetheblacksmith.
/ blk sm/
396 boardgame
33
37
36
asilencethatisdifficulttodealwithand
embarrassing
tobeinaplaceorsituationinwhichpeopledonot
noticeyou
386 blendintothebackground
33
verb
phrase
noun
Itwouldtaketoolongtoseesuchalargearea.
/ eri/
380 argue***
384 anawkwardsilence
385 background***
theamountofspacethatthesurfaceofaplaceor
shapecovers,expressedinsquareunits,suchas
squarekilometresorsquaremiles
31
anindoorgameplayedonaboard,oftenwithpieces Shestillenjoysplayingboardgameseverynowandthen.
thataremovedaroundit
thedevelopmentofaspecialcloserelationship
Thebestpartwasallthatfamilybondingtime.
betweenpeople
32
398 cards***
399 apackofcards
pluralnoun
phrase
/k(r)dz/
/ pk v
400 chain***
noun
/ten/
401 challenge***
402 charityshop
403 chesspiece
noun
noun
noun
/ tes
Didyoucollectcardsasachild?
asetof52playingcards
aseriesofthingsofthesametypethatforma
connectedline
somethingthatneedsalotofskill,energy,and
determinationtodealwithorachieve,especially
somethingyouhaveneverdonebeforeandwill
enjoydoing
Themagicianusedapackofcardsforsomeofhistricks.
TheGreatLakesisachainoflakesineastcentralNorthAmerica.
ashopbelongingtoacharitythatsellsthingsthat
peoplehavegiventoit
oneofthepiecesusedforplayingchess(=agame
fortwopeople,playedonaboardwithblackand
whitesquares,usingdifferentshapedpieces,
includingtwokings)
Shedonatedallofheroldsuitstothelocalcharityshop.
35
k(r)dz/
/ tlnd/
/ trti
theactivityofplayinggameswithasetof52cards
p/
pi s/
156
Theylljustbeabletogoontheinternetprettyquickly,readthe
solutionandsolveit,so,therellbenochallenge.
156
Theplayerthoughtlongandhardbeforemovingthe chesspiece.
theprocessoftakingcontrolofanothercountryby TheyplayedacentralroleintheEuropean colonisationand

goingtolivethereorbysendingpeopletolivethere developmentofNorthAmerica.
404 colonisation
noun
/ klnaze()n/
405 connoisseur
noun
/ kn s(r)/
406 conservation***
noun
/ kns(r) ve()n/
407 conversation***
noun
408 runoutofconversation
phrase
/ knv(r) se()n/
/ rn at v
knv(r) se()n/
409 convict
noun
/ knvkt/
410 courteous
adjective
/ k(r)tis/
411 creativity*
noun
/ kri etvti/
412 decimal
noun
/ desm()l/
413 defensive**
adjective
/dfensv/
156
someonewhoknowsalotaboutaparticularthing
andenjoysitalot
themanagementoflandandwaterinwaysthat
preventitfrombeingdamagedordestroyed
Isayoyowithaballbearingsystemthatcomesback
automaticallycheatingforyoyoconnoisseurs?
Themajorityisclosedtotouristsforconservationreasons.
156
33
atalkbetweentwoormorepeople,usuallyaprivate Listentotheconversation.
andinformalone
tonothaveanythingmoretotalkabout
Hehadsimplyrunoutofconversationandhadnothingleftto
say.
someonewhoisinprisonbecausetheyhave
Themanisaconvictwhohasescapedfromaprisonship.
committedacrime
polite,especiallyinaformalway
Thiswasmyfirstencounterwithcourteousdriversincitiesand
towns.
theabilitytocreatenewideasorthingsusingyour IjustseenowadaysthatmodernLEGOhasntreallygotthe
imagination
creativity.
anumberinacountingsystembasedonthenumber Studentswereaskedtoroundupdecimalstowholenumbersin
theanswers.
tenthatconsistsofnumbersoneithersideofa
decimalpoint
intendedorusedforprotectingaplaceduringan
Nearly3,000kilometresoftheGreatWallofChinaconsistof
attack
trenchesandnaturaldefensivebarrierssuchashillsorrivers.
38
37
30
32
156
156
usedforsayingthatsomethinghappenseventhough Despiteitspotentialformisuse,itispossiblethatinthefuture,
somethingelsemighthavepreventedit
laserscouldbeusedforbeneficialendeavours.
414 despite***
preposition
/dspat/
40
415 dormancy
noun
/ d(r)mnsi/
416 downright
adverb
/ dan rat/
noun
/ dnsti/
418 endow
verb
/n da/
419 beendowedwithsomething
phrase
/bi n dad w
verb
sm/
421 expectation***
noun
/ ekspek te()n/
422 eye***
noun
/a/
phrase
/i n trend
424 fair***
425 thatsnotfair!
adjective
phrase
/fe(r)/
/ts nt
426 fancy
427 feature***
noun
noun
/ fnsi/
/ fi t(r)/
428 naturalfeature
noun
/ nt()rl
429 fraction**
noun
/ frk()n/
37
a/
fe(r)/
fi t(r)/
156
31
tograduallychangeanddevelopoveraperiodof
time
thebeliefthatsomethingwillhappen
/vlv/
423 theuntrainedeye
32
afamilywhosemembersruleacountryorregionfor ThesectionoftheGreatWallinBadalingwasbuiltduringthe
alongperiodoftime
MingDynasty.
Thefamilyisraisingmoneytoendowthescholarshipintheir
son'sname.
tohavesomethingsuchasagoodabilityorquality
Youmustknowthat,althoughIhaveusedthetermexpectations
morethanonce,youarenotendowedwithexpectationsonly.
417 dynasty
420 evolve**
astatewheresomethingisnotactiveordeveloping Hissilencewasatypeofevasion,adormancy.
now,butitmaybecomeactiveordevelopinthe
future
completelyorextremely:usedforemphasisinghow Thiswasmyfirstencounterwithcourteousno,downright
badsomeoneorsomethingis
friendlydrivers.
Ithinktheyoyosprobablyevolved.
156
Iletmyparentsdownbecausetheyhadhigh expectationsfor
me.
Closeyoureyesandgotosleep.
Hehadacquiredtheabilitytoappearalmostinvisibleto the
usedasawayofreferringtosomeonewithlittle
knowledgeorexperienceofaparticularactivityor untrainedeye.
subject
ifasituationisfair,everyoneistreatedequallyandin Lifeisnotalwaysfair.
areasonableway
thatisnotreasonable
Herpieceofcakeisbiggerthatsnotfair!
imagination,orsomethingthatyouimagineor
Mywildfancywassurpassedbysoberreality.
dreamabout
Eachroomhasitsowndistinctivefeatures.
somethingimpressivethatisnotmanmade,for
ThisisoneofthegreatnaturalfeaturesoftheNorthAmerican
exampleanetworkofcavesorawaterfall
continentandoftheplanetitself.
adivisionorpartofawholenumber,forexample Hisinvestmentisnowworthonlyafractionofitsoriginalvalue.
or
31
37
31
156
aborderbetweentwocountries,especiallyonewith ThefrontierbetweenCanadaandtheUnitedStateswas
officialpointswherepeopleorvehiclescross
stabilisedbyaboundarywaterstreatyin1909.
430 frontier**
noun
/frn t(r)/, / frnt(r)/
156
makingyoufeelannoyedandimpatientbecauseyou Itwasreallyfrustratingatfirstbecausetheressomanydifferent
arepreventedfromachievingsomething
waystogetallthedifferentcoloursonthedifferentfaces.
431 frustrating*
adjective
/ frstretn/
156
anannoyedorimpatientfeelingthatyougetwhen
youarepreventedfromdoingwhatyouwant
432 frustration*
noun
/frstre()n/
Justwhenyouthinkyouvesolvedittheresonecolouroutand,it
justdroveyoumadwithfrustration.
156
Donkeyridesare3ago.
433 go**
noun
//
434 allinonego
phrase
/ l n
435 canIhaveago?
phrase
/kn a
436 great***
adjective
/ret/
437 greatness
noun
wn /
hv
allatonce,withoutanypausesordivisions
Manypeoplethinkitwasbuiltallinonego,butthisisnttrue.
usedtoaskforyourchancetoplayinagameorto
takepartinanactivity
1biggerormorethanisusual
ThatlookslikefuncanIhaveago?
apositionofpower,success,orrespect
Someachievegreatnessandsomehavegreatnessthrustupon
them.
Youwillpleaseconsidermeyourguardian.
155
30
/ retns/
someonewhoislegallyresponsibleforanother
personsuchasachildwhoseparentshavedied
438 guardian
noun
Canyouthinkofexamplesofpeoplewhohavebecome great?
/ (r)din/
30
31
ItwasAlfredNobelsguiltyconscienceabouthavingdeveloped
dynamitewhichledhimtocreateNobelPrizes.
439 guilty***
adjective
/ lti/
40
440 feelguilty
441 idyllic
442 inanimate
phrase
adjective
adjective
/ fi l lti/
/dlk/
/n nmt/
443 indulge*
verb
/n dld/
444 indulgeinsomething
phrase
/n dld n
445 intrusive
446 irrationality
adjective
noun
/n tru sv/
/r nlti/
447 joke**
verb
/dk/
448 yourejoking!
phrase
/ j(r)
449 kite*
noun
/kat/
450 lane**
noun
/len/
451 lead*
452 let***
noun
verb
/li d/
/let/
sm/
dk/
tofeelashamedandsorrybecauseyouhavedone,
oryouthinkyouhavedone,somethingwrong
HehastostealthesethingsfromhissisterandherhusbandJoe,
whichmakeshimfeelveryguilty.
extremelybeautifulandpeaceful
notalive
Switzerlandhasmileuponmileofidylliccountryside.
Hehadacquiredtheabilitytoappear inanimate.
Heloveshiswifeandindulgeshissons.
toallowyourselftohaveordosomethingthatyou
enjoy
interruptingapeacefulsituation
Ifyouhadthemoneytoindulgeinacollection,whatwouldyou
collect?
Ifoundtheirquestionquiteintrusive.
theabsenceofclearorsensiblereasons
Inlove,asincollecting,irrationalityreignssupreme.
Ithoughthewasjokingwhenhesaidhe'dresigned.
Yourbossjustgaveyouthedayofftomorrow yourejoking!
usedforsayingthatyoucannotbelievethat
someonereallymeanswhattheyhavejustsaid
becauseitseemssosurprisingorsosilly
atoythatfliesintheairwhileyouholditbyalong Tomwasveryhappilyflyingthiskite.
string
Thiswasmyfirstencounterwithwidebikelanes.
oneofthepartsthatawideroadormotorwayis
dividedinto,markedbypaintedlinesandintended
foronelineoftraffic
asoftheavygreymetalusedespeciallyinthepastfor Thegovernmentfoundtracesofleadinthetoysoldiersandtook
makingpipes,coveringroofs,andinpaint
themallofftheshelves.
EmilyletAlastairrunupthehill.
30
32
37
35
35
156
32
35
38
A
453 letgo(ofsomeone/something)
454 liberal**
phrase
adjective
/let v
sm/
smwn,
Hellletgoofthekite.
aliberalamountislargeandgenerous
profoundsecret.
Littleprogresshasbeenmadeonfindingasolutiontothe
problem.
/ lb()rl/
determiner
/ lt()l/
pronoun
/ lt()l/
456 little ***
156
usedforreferringtoanextremelysmallamountof
something
455 little ***
tostopholdingsomeoneorsomething
31
Theyhaveverylittle,butwhattheyhave,theyshare.
usedtoaskforasmallquantityofsomething
457 justalittle,please
458 littlebylittle
phrase
phrase
/ dst lt()l pli z/

/ lt()l ba lt()l/
459 littledoessomeoneknow
phrase
/ lt()l dz
n/
460 maintenance**
461 map*
noun
verb
/ mentnns/
/mp/
462 marbles
pluralnoun
/ m(r)b()lz/
smwn
I'dlikesometeabutjustalittle,please.
verygradually
Dontworry.Wellgettherelittlebylittle.
usedforsayingthatsomeonedoesnotknow/realise LittledidIknowIwouldonedaybeinchargeoftheoffice.
thatsomethingistrue
theprocessofcontinuingsomethingorkeepingitin
existence
tomakeamapofanarea
agameplayedbychildreninwhichtheyrollsmall
colouredglassballscalledmarblesontheground
Thereisalreadyasumofmoneyamplysufficientforyoursuitable
educationandmaintenance.
Theentirereefareaisstillbeingmapped.
Didyoucollectanymarblesasachild?
34
31
33
35
463 me***
464 itwasntme!
pronoun
phrase
/mi /, /mi/
/t wz()nt
465 memorable
adjective
/ mem()rb()l/
466 misuse
noun
/ms ju s/
467 nevertheless***
adverb
/ nev(r) les/
468 nightmare**
noun
/ nat me(r)/
469 objection**
noun
/b dek()n/
mi /
Mr.Jaggerswasthrowinghisfingeratme sidewaysashespoketo
me.
usedforsayingthatyoudidnotdosomething
Iswearitwasntme!
worthrememberingoreasytoremember,because Heismostrememberedforcreatingvividand memorable
ofbeingspecialinsomeway
charactersinhisclassicnovels.
theuseofsomethinginthewrongwayorforthe
Despiteitspotentialformisuse,itispossiblethatinfuturelasers
wrongpurpose
couldbeusedforbeneficialendeavours.
despiteafactorideathatyouhavejustmentioned: AlexanderIIwasanobscurebutneverthelessinterestingScottish
usedasawayofshowinghowasentence,phrase,or king.
wordisrelatedtowhathasalreadybeensaid
anextremelydifficultorfrighteningsituation
31
31
40
Thejourneytoworkwasanightmare.
Ifyouhaveanyobjectiontoit,thisisthetimetomentionit.
470 havenoobjection
phrase
/ hv n b dek()n/
471 obsolete
472 orphan
adjective
noun
/ bsli t/, / bs li t/
/ (r)f()n/
473 outweigh*
verb
/ at we/
40
toagreewithaplan,orhavenoreasontodisagree
withit
nolongerusedbecauseofbeingreplacedby
somethingnewerandmoreeffective
achildwhoseparentshavedied
tobemoreimportant,useful,orvaluablethan
somethingelse
IcouldscarcelystammerIhadnoobjection.
31
Itdoesntmatterifthesethingsareobsoleteorungainlyorugly.
TheorphanPhilipPirripliveswithhisoldersister.
Itsbenefitsoutweighitsdisadvantages.
35
31
40
anamountorratethatisequaltoaparticularpartof 14%oflandisprivatelyowned,whichisaverysmallpercentage.
atotalthatyouhavedividedby100
474 percentage**
noun
/p(r) sentd/
475 phase**
noun
/fez/
ItseemedthatEsthassilencewasnotjustapassingphase.
476 apassingphase
phrase
36
ps
aparticularperiodoftimeduringthedevelopment
ofsomething/someonewhichdoesnotlastforlong
ItseemedthatEsthassilencewasnotjustapassingphase.
atruckwithanopenbackandlowsides
Imyselfwassomewhatofanoddity,havingneverdrivena pickup
truck(oractually,anyvehicle).
You'resoakingwetpoorlittlething!
You'resoakingwetpoorlittlething!
fez/
477 pickuptruck
478 poor***
noun
adjective
/ pkp trk/
/p(r)/, /p(r)/
479 poorlittlething!
phrase
/p(r)
480 potential***
481 problematic
noun
adjective
/p ten()l/
/ prbl mtk/
482 profound**
adjective
/pr fand/
483 promise***
noun
/ prms/
484 showpromise
485 purpose***
486 serveapurpose
phrase
noun
phrase
/ prms/
/ p(r)ps/
/ s(r)v p(r)ps/
487 pursue**
verb
/p(r) sju /
36
usedforshowingthatyoufeelsorryforsomeone
488 puzzle*
1
489 quiet ***
lt()l
noun
/ pz()l/
adjective
/ kwat/
toshowsignsthatsomeoneorsomethingislikelyto Theirteamshowedgreatpromiseforthefinal.
besuccessfulinthefuture
Theyserveabsolutelynopracticalpurposewhatsoever.
toachieveanaim
Theyserveabsolutelynopracticalpurposewhatsoever.
tofollowacourseofactivity
Now,Mr.Pip,pursuedthelawyer,IaddresstherestofwhatI
havetosay,toyou.'
someoneorsomethingthatyoucannotunderstand Thispuzzlewasnteasytosolve.
phrase
phrase
492 haveaquietwordwithsomeone
phrase
noun
/ kwat/
usedforsayingthatyouwillletsomeonedowhat
theywantinordertoavoidanargument
tonottellanyoneaboutsomething
tospeaktosomeoneinaninformalwayabouta
problem
phrase
/n
kwat/
acalmsituationinwhichyouarenotannoyedby
noiseorotherpeople
495 peaceandquiet
496 ranch
phrase
noun
/ pi s nd
/rnt/
31
31
35
35
31
37
Hewoulddoanythingforaquietlife.
Illtellyou,butpleasekeepitquiet.
MaybeIshouldhaveaquietwordwithTom'steacher?
37
Canwehavesomequiet,please?
withouttellinganyone
494 onthequiet
40
36
35
490 anythingforaquietlife
491 keepsomethingquiet
thepossibilitytodeveloporachievesomethinginthe Despiteitspotentialformisuse,itispossiblethatinfuturelasers
future
couldbeusedforbeneficialendeavours.
involvingorcausingproblems
Esthassilencewasproblematic.
verygreat
profoundsecret.
Audreyrememberedherpromisetoherfatherthatshewould
workharder.
Esthahadalwaysbeenaquietchild.
/ eni f(r) kwat

laf /
/ki p sm kwat/
/ hv kwat w(r)d
w smwn/
493 quiet
32
Justbetweenyouandme,hesbeendoingsomeotherwork on
thequiet.
It'snottheholidaytochooseifyou'relookingfor peaceand
quiet.
kwat/
37
37
averylargefarminthewesternUSorCanada,where ItookajobonaguestranchinMontanaonesummer.
cows,horses,orsheeparekept
32
497 ratio***
noun
/ rei/
498 reef*
noun
/ri f/
499 reign**
500 reignsupreme
verb
phrase
/ren/
/ ren spri m/
501 reinvent
502 relief***
verb
noun
/ ri n vent/
/rli f/
503 whatarelief!
phrase
/ wt rli f/
504 remember***
verb
/rmemb(r)/
tobethebestorthemostimportant
Inlove,asincollecting,irrationalityreignssupreme.
tochangesomethingthatalreadyexistsandgiveita Idontknowifatoycanreinventitselffurthertoappealtokidsin
differentformorpurpose
thefuture.
It'sahugerelieftoknowthateveryoneissafe.
usedtoexpresstherelaxedhappyfeelingthatyou Wedidn'tlosethekeyswhatarelief!
getbecausesomethingbadhasnothappenedora
badsituationhasended
tokeepaparticularfactinyourmindbecauseitis
Heremainsverypopulartodayandismost rememberedfor
relevanttowhatisbeingdiscussed
creatingvividandmemorablecharactersinhisclassicnovels.
noun
verb
/ rand
/se/
phrase
/bkz a
508 havenothinglefttosay
phrase
/hv
509 scenery*
noun
/ si nri/
510 scope**
noun
/skp/
511 screenplay
noun
/ skri n ple/
513 see***
noun
verb
se s/
/ sku b
usedtoemphasiseanorder,usuallybyanadult
speakingtoachild
tohavenomoretoaddtoadiscussion
left t
dav/
se/
156
phrase
/ wi l
515 segment**
noun
/ semnt/
IaddresstherestofwhatIhavetosay,toyou.
JustdoitbecauseIsayso!
31
37
32
32
37
theactivityofswimmingunderwaterwitha
containerofaironyourbackandatubefor
breathingthrough
/si /
514 wellsee
Snorkellingandscubadivingareabsolutelytheprincipalthingsto
do.
156
IgottoseesomeofthemostbreathtakingsceneryIhavefound
tothisday.
Wellseeifyoucangotothepartyafteryoucleanyourroom.
32
si /
aseparatepartofanything
noun
35
Justtellmewhatitwillcostinroundnumbers.
Hehadsimplyrunoutofconversationand hadnothingleftto
say.
naturalthingssuchastrees,hills,andlakesthatyou IgottoseesomeofthemostbreathtakingsceneryIhavefound
canseeinaparticularplace
tothisday.
theopportunityorfreedomthatisneededtodoor Icametounderstandalittlebitmoreoftheincredible scopeof
developsomething
landscapesthatmakesuptheUnitedStates.
astorysomeonewritesforafilm
Shehaswrittentwoscreenplaysandseveralcollectionsofessays.
usedforsayingthatyouwilldecidelater
516 shackle
33
nmb(r)/
507 becauseIsayso
512 scubadiving
31
anumberthatendsin0,suchas40,450,or4000
505 roundnumber
506 say***
arelationshipbetweenthesizesoftwonumbersor Theschoolhasateacherstudentratioof1:20.
amounts
alonglineofrockorcoralinthesea,withitstopjust Toursvisitonlyasmallpartofthereef.
beloworjustabovethesurface
Samprasreignedasthenumberonetennisplayerinthecountry.
/ k()l/
oneofapairofconnectedmetalringsthatcanbe
lockedontothewristsorlegsofaprisoner
Varioussegmentswerebuiltatdifferenttimesbydifferent
dynasties.
HewantsPiptostealfoodandatoolhecantakeoffhisleg
shackleswith.
155
30
Wehadlunchatalittlecoffeeshop.
517 shop***
518 closeshop
noun
phrase
/p/
/ klz
519 side***
noun
/sad/
p/
tostopanyactivity
amorallybad,dangerous,orfrighteningaspect
520 adarkside
phrase
d(r)k
521 silent***
adjective
/ salnt/
sad/
Ithadbeenagradualwindingdownand closingshop.
'OhMummy,canIrunupthishillandIllmeetyouontheother
side?
Itisundeniablethatthelaserhasadarkside,namely,inthe
militaryindustry.
Everyonewastotallysilentasthepresidentspoke.
37
156
40
behaviourthatinvolvesnotspeakingtosomeoneas Youvebeengivingmethesilenttreatmentallday.
awayofshowingthatyoudonotapproveofthem
522 thesilenttreatment
523 therighttoremainsilent
524 fallsilent
phrase
phrase
/ rat t rmen
salnt/
phrase
salnt
/ fl
tri tmnt/
37
someonesrightnottosayanythingwhentheyare
arrested
tostoptalkingormakinganoise
noun
adjective
37
/ skaskrep(r)/
/sml/
527 itsasmallworld
phrase
/ts
528 thesmallhours
phrase
sml
a(r)z/
529 thesmallprint
phrase
sml
prnt/
530 feelsmall
phrase
37
Everyonefellsilentwhentheheadteacherenteredtheroom.
salnt/
averytallbuildingcontainingofficesorflats
525 skyscraper
526 small***
Youhavetherighttoremainsilent.
sml
/ fi l
w(r)ld/
usedforshowingthatyouaresurprisedwhenyou
meetsomeonewhoyouknowunexpectedly,or
whenyoudiscoverthatsomeoneknowsthesame
peopleasyoudoorhasbeentothesameplacesas
youhave
thetimewhenitisveryearlyinthemorning,soon
aftermidnight
thedetailsofsomethingsuchasacontractthatare
printedinverysmalllettersandoftencontain
conditionsthatlimityourrights
tofeelashamedorunimportant,especiallybecause
ofsomethingthatsomeonehassaidordone
InsteadofcabsIfoundcows,andinsteadofskyscrapersthere
was...sky.
Toursvisitonlyasmallpartofthereef.
NewYorkisabigcity,butit'sasmallworldandyouneverknow
whoyoumightbumpinto.
Theanxiousmotherwaiteduntilthesmallhoursforherteenage
daughtertocomehome.
Thatsbecauseyoudidntreadthesmallprint.
34
Itjustmakesmefeelsmallwhenyoudothat.
sml/
34
531 snorkelling
532 sober*
noun
adjective
/ sn(r)k()l/
/ sb(r)/
533 solely**
adverb
/ sli/
534 sphere**
noun
/sf(r)/
535 spite**
noun
/spat/
536 inspiteofsomething
phrase
/n
spat v
32
32
sm/
theactivityofswimmingunderwaterusingasnorkel Weareverykeenonwatersportsandareideallylookingfora
goodplacetogosnorkelling.
plainandnotbrightlycoloured
involvingnothingexceptthepersonorthing
Thesecretissolelyheldbythatpersonandbyme.
mentioned
aparticularareaofinterest,activity,worketcthatis Thepresentpossessorofthepropertydesiresthathebe
oneofmanypartsoflife
removedfromhispresentsphereoflife.
Thecandidatewasmotivatedbypoliticalspite.
usedforreferringtoafactthatmakessomething
elsesurprising
Inspiteofitsrecentdevelopment,lasertechnologyisnow
widespread.
156
31
31
31
40
537 stammer
538 surpass
539 surroundings**
verb
verb
pluralnoun
tokeeprepeatingasoundandhavedifficultyin
sayingcertainwordsbecauseofaspeechproblem,
nervousness,excitementetc
tobeevenbetterthanwhatwasexpectedorhoped
for
allthethingsthatarepresentinaplaceandthat
formtheexperienceofbeingthere
/ stm(r)/
/s(r) ps/
Myheartwasbeatingsofast,IcouldscarcelystammerIhadno
objection.
31
31
Ournewsurroundingsarealotmorefriendlythanweexpected.
/s randz/
anoccasionwhensomeone,usuallyachild,suddenly IthinkTomprobablyhadatantrum.
behavesinaveryangryandunreasonableway,often
screaming,crying,orrefusingtoobeysomeone
540 tantrum
541 telloff
noun
phrasalverb
/ tntrm/
156
tocriticizesomeoneangrilyfordoingsomething
wrong
f/
/ tel
ThatwassomethingIconstantlygottoldofffor.
156
Didyougetagoodmarkinyourphysicstest?
542 test***
noun
/test/
543 standthetestoftime
phrase
/ stnd
544 trace**
noun
/tres/
tocontinuetobeeffective,successful,orpopularfor Ijustthinkitssomethingthatsreallystoodthetestoftime.
tam/ alongtime
averysmallamountofasubstance,especiallywhen Thegovernmentfoundtracesofleadinthetoysoldiersandtook
itistoosmalltoseeclearlyormeasureaccurately
themallofftheshelves.
test v
35
someoneyouareonajourneywith
545 travellingcompanion
noun
/ trv()l km pnjn/
546 treaty**
noun
/ tri ti/
547 true***
adjective
/tru /
548 itssimplynottrue
phrase
/ts
549 truth***
noun
550 thereissometruthinsomething
551 undeniable
phrase
adjective
/tru /
/(r) z sm tru n
sm/
/ ndnab()l/
552 undoubtedly**
adverb
/n datdli/
553 itisundoubtedlythecase
phrase
/t z n datdli
554 ungainly
adverb
/n enli/
555 vendor
556 winddown
noun
phrasalverb
smpli nt
/ vend(r)/
/ wand dan/
156
tru /
Herbestfriendhasalwaysbeenagoodtravellingcompanion.
anofficialwrittenagreementbetweentwoormore ThefrontierbetweenCanadaandtheUnitedStateswasstabilised
countries
byaboundarywaterstreatyin1909.
Writetwotruesentences,usingthewordgreat inadifferentway
eachtime.
usedtostronglydenysomething
It'ssimplynottruethatthepresidenthasdonenothingtohelp
thepoor.
Thetruthmayneverbeknown.
usedtosaythatsomethingisatleastpartlytrue
Thereis,Isuppose,sometruthtohisstory.
certainlycorrectortrue
Itisundeniablethatthelaserhasadarkside.
Thenextfewdayswillundoubtedlyprovecrucial.
156
33
40
usedforsayingthatsomethingiscertainlytrueoris Itisundoubtedlythecasethatthenewsfromthewaris
depressing.
kes/ acceptedbyeveryone
notmovinginanattractiveorgracefulway
Itdoesntmatterifthesethingsareobsoleteor ungainlyorugly.
35
someonewhosellssomething,butnotinashop
Vendorsinthebazaargrewtorecognisehim.
toend,ortofinishsomethinggradually
Ithadbeenagradualwindingdownandclosingshop.
37
37
557 Unit4
558
accomplished
adjective
adaptation*
noun
alienation
noun
articleoffaith
noun
561
562
563
564
565
566
attainable
571
574
575
576
577
fe/
noun
/ bess/
phrase
/n
noun
phrase
noun
/be(r)/
/ bi lak be(r) w
s(r) hed/
/bet/
phrase
/hv
phrase
/ wn
phrase
/ lu z
bear**
haveabetonsomething
winabet
loseabet
bess v
bet n
bet/
noun
boast*
verb
/bst/
boxoffice
noun
/ bks
budget***
noun
/ bdt/
phrase
/n
noun
/ keb()l/
/ blu
cable**
prnt/
fs/
45
43
Anymovementorimmobilityattainableinthehandispermitted.
bdt/
thestateofbeingboringbecausethereisnothing
new,original,orunusual
Shetriedskydivinginanattempttoescapethebanalityofher
life.
Ticketswillbesoldonafirstcome,firstservedbasis.
usedforgivingthereasonwhysomethingisdone
TrainingatElSistemaisnotofferedonthebasisofmusical
ability.
Thecamperswerewarnednottoleavefoodoutsoasnotto
attractbearstothecampsite.
ImlikeabearwithasoreheadifIdontgetenoughsleep.
sm/
sm/
bet/
blueprint
onalowbudget
Temporalandgeographicalalienationareforbidden(thatisto
saythatthefilmtakesplacehereandnow).
Theideathatmenandwomenspeakdifferentlanguageshas
becomeadogmatreatedasanunquestioned articleoffaith.
45
basis***
onthebasisofsomething
thefeelingthatyoudonotbelonginaparticular
society,place,orgroup
somethingthatpeoplewhosupportaparticular
religionorideabelievecompletely,althoughithas
notbeenproved
possibletoachieve,reach,orget
/ tenb()l/
/b nlti/
572
573
/ (r)tk()l v
noun
belikeabearwithasorehead
570
adjective
/ eli ne()n/
banality
567
568 bet*
569
47
/ dp te()n/
559
560
goodatdoingsomethingthatneedsalotofskill,for Itsaimisnotprimarilytoproduceaccomplishedmusicians.
exampleinart,music,orsport
afilm,TVprogrammeetcthathasbeenmadefroma Thetelevisionadaptationofthestageplaywasverysuccessful.
bookorplay
/ kmplt/
tobeinabadmood,gettingannoyedveryeasily
HigginswinshisbetandmarriesEliza.
toenterintoanagreementinwhichyoubetmoney IveasortofbetonthatIllpassherasaduchessinsixmonths.
onwhatwillhappen
towinmoneybecauseyoucorrectlyguessedwhat Hepassedhisdrivingtest,soIwonmybet.
wouldhappen
tolosemoneybecauseyoufailedtoguesswhat
Hedidn'tpasshisdrivingtest,soIlostmybet.
wouldhappen
Theiraimwastoprovideablueprint forfilmmakersworkingona
adetailedplanfordoingsomethingnew,or
somethingthatisamodelforhowsomethingshould lowbudget.
bedone
tohavesomethinggood,oftenanattractivefeature Thelargerncleosgenerallyboastmultipleorchestrasofvarying
thatotherpeopleadmire
levelsofability.
1theplaceinatheatrewhereyoubuy
Ittook20millionattheboxoffice.
tickets
theamountofmoneyapersonororganisationhas Trytoworkoutamonthlybudgetandsticktoit.
tospendonsomething
nothavingmuchmoneytospend
Theiraimwastoprovideablueprintforfilmmakersworking ona
lowbudget.
thickwirecoveredwithplasticthatisusedfor
YouhavetoplugthecableintothebackoftheTV.
carryingelectricityorelectronicsignals
46
49
49
49
45
47
45
45
50
alltheperformersinafilm,playetc
cast*
578
579 celebrated*
580
581
adjective
/ tlnd/
chastity
noun
/ tstti/
chimney*
noun
/ tmni/
/ smk lak tmni/
/ snm trfi/
phrase
noun
noun
/ kkni/
585
586
587
588
collective**
adjective
/k lektv/
compelling
adjective
/km pel/
conflict*
noun
/ knflkt/
/bi n knflkt bat
sm/
/ kredt/
beinconflictaboutsomething
589
590 credit*
phrase
verb
591
593
594
595
596
597
598
phrase
debunk*
famousandpraisedbymanypeople
Ihavesolongedtomeetyourcelebratedson.
toquestionwhethersomethingistrue,accurate,or Shechallengesthereceivedwisdomthatmenandwomenare
legal
fromdifferentplanets.
awayoflifethatdoesnotincludeanysexualactivity, TheVowofChastitywasthenamefortherulesoutliningDogme
especiallyforreligiousreasons
95sreturntoamorepureformoffilm.
Thechimneyintheoldhousehadtobecleanedbeforeafire
couldbelit.
tosmokeveryheavily
Mybosssmokeslikeachimney.
thejoborskillofmakingfilms
Themovieissuretowinawardsforitscinematography.
atypeofinformalEnglishspokenbysomeoneborn ThestoryconcernsElizaDoolittle,aCockneywhotakesspeech
lessonsfromProfessorHenryHiggins,aphoneticist.
intheeastend(=easterncentralpart)ofLondon,
especiallyaworkingclassperson
involvingallthemembersofagroup
Whatarethebenefitsofcollective andindividualpractice,inyour
opinion?
interestingorexcitingenoughtokeepyourattention Thisisacompellingfilm.
completely
angrydisagreementbetweenpeopleorgroups
Peopletendtodescribegenuineconflictsascommunication
problems.
toangrilydisagreeaboutsomething
Theywereneverinconflictaboutwhosejobcamefirst.
tosayorbelievethatsomeoneisresponsiblefora
particularachievement
creditsomeonewithsomething
592
/kst/
/ sel bretd/
verb
Cockney
noun
challenge***
582
583 smokelikeachimney
584 cinematography
AnallstarcastincludesMichaelDouglasastheUSPresident.
verb
/di
bk/
verb
/dpkt/
depression**
noun
/dpre()n/
digitally**
adverb
/ ddt()li/
disruptive
adjective
/ds rptv/
adjective
dogma
noun
42
45
49
49
46
53
42
157
45
/ kredt smwn w
sm/
depict**
divergent
Thedirectormustnotbecredited.
ClintoncreditedMikeBoordawithbringingpeacetoBosnia.
157
/dav(r)d()nt/
toprovethatsomethingsuchasanideaorbeliefis
falseandsilly
todescribesomeoneorsomethingusingwordsor
pictures
alargemassofairatlowpressurethatusuallybrings
colderweatherandrain
storinginformationsuchassoundorpicturesas
numbersorelectronicsignals
causingdifficultiesthatinterruptsomethingor
preventitfromcontinuing
thingsthataredivergentaredifferentfromeach
other
abelieforsetofbeliefsthatpeopleareexpectedto
acceptwithoutaskingquestionsaboutthem
/ dm/
Researchdebunksthemyththatwomentalkmorethanmen.
43
Thefilmispartofawaveofmoviesthatdepicttherecenthistory
oftheBritishmonarchy.
Theshallowdepressioninthewestoftheseislandsislikelyto
moveslowlyinaneasterlydirection.
Thepolicewereabletoidentifythethieffromdigitallyenhanced
CCTVimages.
Soareyousayingthathesdisruptive?
52
157
158
Theprogramhasbeensubsidisedbytenpoliticallydivergent
governments.
Theideathatmenandwomenspeakdifferentlanguageshas
becomeadogma.
47
43
A
599
downside
noun
duchess
noun
ekeout
/ dan sad/
/ i k
605
606
607
eliminate**
verb
/lmnet/
emancipation
noun
/mnspe()n/
engage**
verb
/n ed/
/n ed smwn n
knv(r) se()n/
enrol
phrase
Yes,exactly
No,Imnotsayingthatexactly
611
612 excuse**
613 excuseme
614 Excuseme?
exposure**
/n rl/
phrase
adverb
/n rl n sm/
/zk(t)li/
phrase
/ jes zk(t)li/
/ n am nt se t
zk(t)li/
/k skju z/
/k skju z mi /
/k skju z mi /
phrase
verb
phrase
phrase
noun
theprocessofgivingfreedomandrightstosomeone Strangely,thestrictsetofruleswesetourselveshaveturnedout
tobeemancipationalmost.
Researchshowsthatbothsexesengageinbothkindsoftalk.
expound
616
617 fact***
verb
noun
infact
phrase
Iknowthisistrue,butIwanttoengageyouinconversation.
48
Around5,000studentsareexpectedtoenrol attheuniversitythis
year.
ifyouenrolinacourseorprogramme,youputyour Whenstudentsenrolinoneofthe180ncleosbasedaround
nameontheofficiallistofitsstudentsormembers Venezuela,theyareassignedtogroupsfromdayone.
WhatexactlyisElSistema?
usedasareplyforsayingthatyoucompletelyagree "Thebusservicerunseverytenminutes,doesn'tit?"" Yes,
withsomeone
exactly!"
usedasareplyforsayingthatsomeonehasnot
No,ImnotsayingthatexactlybutIthinkweneedtohelpthose
understoodyouwell
lessfortunatethanus.
Pleaseexcusemyuntidyhandwriting.
usedforpolitelygettingsomeonesattention
Excuseme,wouldyouopenthedoorforme,please?
usedforaskingsomeonetorepeatsomething
Excuseme,whatdidyousay?
theamountoftimethatyouallowlighttoreachthe Ifthereistoolittlelightforexposurethescenemustbecut.
filminacamerawhentakingaphotograph
47
46
139
45
toexplainsomethingortoexpressyouropinion
aboutitindetail
Itwillbeanopportunitytoexpoundtheideashehasbeen
developing.
usedforsayingwhatisreallytrue,whenthisis
surprisingordifferentfromwhatpeoplethink
Mentalkmoreaboutthingsandfacts.
KingGeorgeVIsbraveperformancehadinfactgreatly
encouragedtheBritishduringtheSecondWorldWar.
/k spand/
/fkt/
/ n
44
43
tostarthavingaconversationwithsomeone
/k sp(r)/
615
618
togetridofsomethingthatisnotwantedorneeded Manyinfectiousdiseaseshavebeenvirtuallyeliminated.
verb
enrolinsomething
Thefamilybarelymanagestoekeoutanexistencefromtheir
smallfarm.
at n zst()ns/
/ i k
608
609 exactly***
610
at/
phrase
engagesomeoneinconversation
44
48
togetjustenoughmoneyorfoodtobeableto
continuetoexist
ekeoutanexistence
602
Theirmeagresupplieshavetobeekedoutthroughoutthe
winter.
phrasalverb
601
604
Whatdoyouthinkwouldbethemeritsand downsidesofmaking
afilmaccordingtotheguidelines?
awomanwhohasthesamesocialpositionasaduke HenryistryingtoteachElizatotalkandactlikeaduchess.
(=amanwithaveryhighsocialposition,justbelow
thatofaprince),orwhoismarriedtoaduke
/ dts/
600
603
thedisadvantageornegativeaspectofsomething
fkt/
43
52
A
619
620
fairytale
afairytaleending
filter**
noun
/ feri tel/
phrase
623
624
fish***
afishoutofwater
flagup
focused
foulmouthed
frustrated*
noun
/f/
phrase
phrasalverb
630
tofeelfrustratedwithsomething
generalisation*
genre*
p/
phrase
noun
/frstretd/
/t fi l frstretd w
sm/
Howthecouplemetcouldbedescribedasamodernday
fairytale.
ahappyandoftenimpossiblyperfectendingtoa
Herboyfriend'sproposaltoherwasafairytaleendingtoa
story
romanticweekendinParis.
aglassorplasticobjectthatyouputonacamerato Thefilmincludestheuseofcolouredfiltersduringmanyofthe
songsequences.
changethecolouroramountoflightthatpasses
throughthelens
Kennykeepstropicalfish.
someonewhoisinasituationthattheyknow
nothingaboutorarenotusedto
tomentionsomethingsothatpeopleknowaboutit
HechangedthetimeoffootiepracticeonThursday.
Heisplayingafoulmouthedlawyerinthenewfilm.
feelannoyedandimpatientbecauseyouare
preventedfromachievingsomething
astatementthatistrueinmostsituations
Frustratedwiththetechnicalwizardryofmoderncinema,agroup
ofindependentDanishdirectorssetoutamanifesto,called
Dogme95.
Afterfeelingfrustratedwithherjobformanyyears,shefinally
decidedtoresign.
AccordingtoCameron,thisclaimisasweepinggeneralisation.
158
158
157
45
42
aparticularstyleusedincinema,writing,orart,
whichcanberecognisedbycertainfeatures
Genremoviesarenotacceptable.
asituationinwhichlifeisverydifficult,usually
becauseyoudonothaveenoughmoney
Manystudentsarefacingfinancialhardship.
/ nr/
hardship
44
49
Imjustkindofflaggingupthathisconcentrationisnotquiteas
goodasEllies.
She'sabitmorefocusedaboutgettingonwithhertasks.
/ den()rlazen/
noun
Ifeltlikeafishoutofwateronmyfirstdayatschool.
concentratingonaparticularaimandnotwasting
timeorenergyonotherthings
thegameoffootball
usingalotofswearwords
adjective
45
noun
/ h(r)dp/
632
harmony**
633
634 hilarious
hinder
635
636 house***
getonlikeahouseonfire
hypothesis*
638
/ fl
wt(r)/
/ fkst/
noun,informal / fti/
/ fal mad/, / fal
adjective
mat/
631
637
f at v
adjective
628
629
feri tel end/
/ flt(r)/
625
626 footie
627
noun
621
622
noun
adjective
verb
noun
phrase
/ h(r)mni/
/hleris/
/ hnd(r)/
/has/
/et n lak
fa(r)/
noun
has n
asituationinwhichpeopleliveandworkwellwith Womensuseoflanguageiscooperative,reflectingtheir
preferenceforequalityandharmony.
otherpeople,orinawaythatdoesnotdamage
thingsaroundthem
extremelyfunny
Thisisahilariousfilm.
tostopsomeoneorsomethingfrommakingprogress Thestrictnessoftheruleshavenothindered,butonthecontrary,
ordeveloping
haveencouragedmyimagination.
Givedirectionsonhowtogettoyourhouse.
tobecomegoodfriendsveryquicklyandhavealot Shesgettingonlikeahouseonfire.
totalktoeachotherabout
anideathatattemptstoexplainsomethingbuthas Theideathatmenandwomenspeakdifferentlanguagesisnot
notyetbeentestedorprovedtobecorrect
treatednotasahypothesistobeinvestigated.
/hapss/
43
53
44
50
49
43
A
639
immobility
impoverished
noun
ingrained
adjective
642
input**
noun
643
647
issue***
noun
/ u /, / sju /
/tek u , sju w
smwn, sm/
phrase
juveniledelinquency
noun
keepto
phrasalverb
lapse
noun
leaf***
noun
shakelikealeaf
655
656
47
43
47
informationthatisputintoacomputerorapieceof Thenyouregoingtoneedtotakethetelevisionandputitto
electronicequipmentusinganothermachinesuchas Input1.
akeyboardormicrophone
showingaverygoodunderstandingofapersonora Thisisaninsightfulfilm.
complicatedsituation
It'sawebsitedevotedtoenvironmentalissues.
todisagreewithsomeone,ortodisagreeabout
something
acrimeormanycrimescommittedbyayoung
/ du vnal dlkwnsi/ person
tofollowanagreementorarule,bydoingwhatyou
shoulddoorwhatyousaidyouwoulddo
/ ki p tu /
acrimeormanycrimescommittedbyayoung
person
/lps/
Shetakesissuewiththereceivedwisdomthatmenandwomen
arefromdifferentplanets.
Ithasbeenlinkedwithamarkedreductionin juvenile
delinquency.
Shestokeeptotwosubjects:theweatherandeverybodys
health.
157
43
42
47
157
Lapsesonedaycanbecorrectedbeforetheybecomeingrained
badhabitsinthedaysafter.
Alightbreezestirredtheleavesofthetalloaktreeoutsideher
window.
47
/li f/
651
652 learningcurve
654
/ npt/
/ nsatf()l/
650
653
45
/n rend/
adjective
takeissuewithsomeone/something
aningrainedattitude,belief,orhabithasexistedfor Lapsesonedaycanbecorrectedbeforetheybecome ingrained

alongtimeandcannoteasilybechanged
badhabitsinthedaysafter.
insightful
648
649
Theprogramhasofferedfreemusicaltrainingtoover800,000
childrenandyoungpeople,90%ofthemfromimpoverished
backgrounds.
Choosetwoorthreeofthelinesandimproviseconversations
aroundthesentencesintheexercise.
/ mprvaz/
641
646
verypoor
ifaperformerinaplayoragroupofmusicians
improvises,theyinventwordsormusicalnotes
withoutpreparingthemorlearningthembefore
verb
Anymovementorimmobilityattainableinthehandispermitted.
/m pvrt/
improvise
645
/ mblti/
atotallackofmovement
adjective
640
644
lifeaffirming
phrase
noun
/ ek lak li f/
/ l(r)n k(r)v/
adjective
/ laf frm/
limitation**
noun
/ lmte()n/
location***
noun
/lke()n/
onlocation
phrase
/ n lke()n/
toshakealot,forexamplebecauseyouarecold,
nervous,orafraid
therateatwhichyoulearnsomething
makingyoufeelhappyandpositiveaboutlife
adisadvantageorweakpointthatmakessomeone
orsomethinglesseffective
IwasshakinglikealeafwhenItookmydrivingtest.
Eachindividualhasadifferentlearningcurve.
Thelifeaffirmingvitalityofitsorchestralperformancescanbe
tracedtotheprinciplesattheheartofitstraining.
Communicationcanbreakdownbecauseofthe limitationsof
language.
Alocationmustbechosenwherethispropistobefound.
49
47
47
42
45
intheplacewhereafilmorTVprogrammeismade, Filmingmustbedoneonlocation.
awayfromastudio
45
A
657
658
log**
sleeplikealog
manifesto
noun
/l/
phrase
/ sli p lak
661
662
663
666
667
668
669
noun
/met/
memory***
noun
/ mem()ri/
phrase
merit**
noun
mesmerised
adjective
674
675
/ hv
sv/
45
mem()ri lak
mileage
theressomemileageyetin...
noun
phrase
/ mert/
mald
jet
misunderstanding**
noun
/ msnd(r) stnd/
mixedability
adjective
/ mkst blti/
/ mn(r)ki/
/ m(r) t/
adjective
/ mlti fstd/
muted
adjective
/ mju td/
negotiation**
noun
/ni e()n/
/bi p f(r)
ni e()n/
nominate*
676
677 optical*
phrase
verb
adjective
usedtosaythatthereisstillsomeadvantageor
opportunitytobegotoutofsomething
tounderstandorexplainsomethingwrongly
/ msn t(r)prt/
multifaceted
beupfornegotiation
Thememoryofthatnightisstillclearinhismind.
Ihaveamemorylikeasievewhenitcomestoremembering
dates.
Whatdoyouthinkwouldbethemeritsanddownsidesofmaking
afilmaccordingtotheguidelines?
Theorchestralperformanceshasmesmerisedaudiencesaround
theworld.
49
44
47
/ mald/
/(r)z sm
n/
verb
noun
He'soverthere,talkingtohismates.
Myannualmileageisabout10,000miles.
misinterpret
noun
tohaveanextremelybadmemory
anadvantageorgoodqualitythatsomeoneor
somethinghas
soattractedbyorinterestedinsomethingthatyou
donotnoticeorpayattentiontoanythingelse
aroundyou
/ mezmrazd/
monarchy*
673
49
usedfortalkinginafriendlywaytosomeone,
especiallyaman
theabilitytorememberthings
mate**
haveamemorylikeasieve
aformalstatementexpressingtheaimsandplansof AgroupofindependentDanishdirectorssetouta manifesto,

agroupororganisation,especiallyapoliticalparty
calledDogme95.
/ mnfest/
670
671 mothertongue
672
Thechildrenwentouttocollectlogsforthefirewhiletheir
parentsunpacked.
IalwayssleeplikealogafterIvebeenworkingoutatthegym.
l/
noun
664
665
tosleepverywell
659
660
/ nmnet/
/ ptk()l/
afailuretounderstandsomeoneorsomething
correctly
includingordesignedforstudentswithdifferent
levelsofeducationalability
atypeofgovernmentinwhichacountryisruledbya
kingorqueen
themainlanguagethatyoulearnasachild
containingmanydifferentaspects,features,or
qualities
notasbrightorcolourfulasusual
TheressomemileageyetintheDogmefranchise.
128
Thesedifferencesroutinelyleadtoeachsexmisinterpretingthe
othersintentions.
Itisnottruethatmisunderstandingsbetweenthesexesarevery
common.
Studentsnormallypractiseinmixedabilitygroups.
Thefilmispartofawaveofmoviesthatdepicttherecenthistory
oftheBritishmonarchy.
Useofthemothertongueisforbidden.
FirthgivesanoutstandingperformanceasBertie,whocomes
acrossasacomplexandmultifacetedfigure.
DanishdirectorLoneScherfigusesnaturallighting,muted
cinematographyandapartiallyimprovisedscript.
Thefootballerhiredalawyertohelpwithhiscontract
negotiationswiththenewteam.
tobeabletobechangedoragreeduponafter
Formanycouplestoday,prettymucheverything isupfor
discussion
negotiation.
toofficiallysuggestthatsomeoneshouldbegivena Eachteamhastonominatealeader.
job,orthatsomeoneorsomethingshouldreceivea
prize
connectedwithsightorlight
Opticalworkandfiltersareforbidden.
43
42
46
52
45
52
130
157
45
A
678
679
outset*
fromtheoutset
paradigm
680
681 pardon*
noun
/ at set/
phrase
/ frm i
rightfromthestartofsomething
at set/
asetofideasthatareusedforunderstandingor
explainingsomething,especiallyinaparticular
subject
noun
interjection
/ prdam/
/ p(r)d()n/
usedforpolitelyaskingsomeonetorepeat
somethingyoudidnothearordidnotunderstand
pardon?
682
phrase
amoreformalwayofpolitelyaskingsomeoneto
repeatsomethingyoudidnothearordidnot
understand
phrase
47
47
Pardon,whatdidyousay?
Idon'treallylikeyournewjacket!''Pardon?'
/ p(r)d()n/
Ibegyourpardon?
683
Developersstartedconstructiononthehomesintherural
outsetsofthecity.
Childrenacquirehabitsofdisciplineandperseverance fromthe
outset.
Thisemphasisoncollectivemusicmakingrepresentsacomplete
inversionoftheestablishedmusictrainingparadigm.
/a
be j(r)
Areyoureadytoleave?''Ibegyourpardon?''Iwasjustaskingif
you'rereadytoleave.'
p(r)d()n/
Theprotestmarchpassedoffwithoutanyserioustrouble.
passoff
phrasalverb
f/
684
/ ps
passsomeone/somethingoffassome
685
phrase
/ps smwn, sm
f z sm/
686
687
688
689
690
patently
permit*
adverb
verb
692
693
694
49
/ pet()ntli/
156
/p(r) mt/
noun
/ p(r)svrns/
phenomenon**
noun
/f nmnn/
phoneticist
noun
/fnetsst/
plugin/into
phrasalverb
/ pl
n,
portray*
verb
/p(r) tre/
portrayal
noun
/p(r) trel/
practice***
noun
/ prkts/
toallowsomeonetodosomething,ortoallow
somethingtohappen
adeterminedattitudethatmakesyoucontinue
tryingtoachievesomethingdifficult
aneventorsituationthatcanbeseentohappenor
exist
someonewhostudiesphonetics(=thestudyofthe
soundsusedinspeech)
toconnectapieceofequipmenttoanelectricity
supplyortoanotherpieceofequipment
phrase
/ n
Anymovementorimmobilityattainableinthehandis permitted.
45
Childrenacquirehabitsofdisciplineandperseverancefromthe
outset.
ElSistemaishailedasthemostextraordinarysocialphenomenon
ofourtimes.
ElizaDoolittletakesspeechlessonsfromProfessorHenryHiggins,
aphoneticist.
YouhavetoplugthecableintothebackoftheTV.
ntu /
47
47
49
50
ifanactorportraysaperson,theyplaythepartof
thatpersoninafilm,playetc
thewaythatsomethingorsomeoneisportrayed
usedfortalkingaboutwhatreallyhappensas
opposedtowhatyouthinkwillorshouldhappen
inpractice
695
IveasortofbetonthatIllpassheroffasaduchessinsix
months.
inawaythatissoobviousthatnoonecoulddisagree Thatisapatentlyridiculousclaim.
perseverance
691
tomakepeoplebelievethatapersonorthingis
somethingelse
prkts/
ThebookportraysCaribbeansocietyagainstabackgroundofthe
FrenchRevolution.
TheKing'sSpeech isamovingportrayalofthestruggleofKing
GeorgeVItoovercomeaspeechdefect.
Whatarethebenefitsofcollectiveandindividualpractice,inyour
opinion?
Shearguesthatresearchshowsthat,inpractice,menandwomen
areverysimilar.
52
46
42
premise
production***
700
/pr dk()n/
proficiency
noun
afilm,play,televisionorradioprogramme,CDetc,
especiallywhenyouaretalkingaboutthewayitis
createdandperformed
ahighdegreeofabilityorskillinsomething
/pr f()nsi/
prohibit*
verb
/prhbt/
prop
noun
/prp/
proposition**
noun
/ kwest()n/
703
/rsi vd
pr nnsi e()n/, /(r)
pi /
ReceivedPronunciation(RP)
707
noun
receivedwisdom
noun
/rsi vd
recount*
verb
/rkant/
refute
verb
/rfju t/
release***
noun
/rli s/
remote
noun
710
renowned
adjective
/rnand/
rewarding
adjective
/rw(r)d/
safetynet
711
712 score***
scrutiny**
713
noun
noun
/ sefti net/
/sk(r)/
44
45
Amanisbeingquestionedbydetectivesinconnectionwiththe
murderofayounggirl.
awayofspeakingBritishEnglishthatisconsideredto ElizawastryingtolearnstandardBritishEnglishpronunciation
bethestandardpronunciationintheUK
(alsoknownasRP,orreceivedpronunciation).
49
beliefsoropinionsthatmostpeopleaccepttobe
correct
tosaywhathappened
Shechallengesthereceivedwisdomthatmenandwomenare
fromdifferentplanets.
ThefilmrecountsthestruggleofKingGeorgeVItoovercomea
speechdefect.
tosaythatastatementisnottrueoraccurate
InTheMythofMarsandVenus ,Cameronrefutesthetheorythat
withoutgivingproof
menandwomencommunicatedifferently.
afeelingoffreedomthatyouhaveafteradifficultor Strangely,thestrictsetofruleswesetourselveshaveturnedout
emotionalexperience
tobearelease.
remotecontrol:apieceofequipmentthatyouuse Togetapicture,clickonthebuttonthatsays'Input'onthe
remote.
forcontrollingamachinesuchasatelevisionor
stereosystemfromashortdistanceaway
/rmt/
708
709
wzdm/
47
43
verb
702
706
45
Nooneiseverturnedawaybecauseoflackoffinancialresources
orproficiency.
Addingamusicalscorewassuddenlyprohibited.
toofficiallystopsomethingfrombeingdone,
especiallybymakingitillegal
apieceoffurnitureorsmallobjectusedinaplayor Propsandsetsmustnotbebroughtin.
film
astatementthatpeoplecanexamineinorderto
Themythisthepropositionthatmenandwomendiffer
decidewhetheritistrue
fundamentallyinthewaytheyuselanguagetocommunicate.
tohaveorexpressdoubtsaboutsomething
705
Therulewasrelaxedtoallowlowbudgetproductions.
/ prp z()n/
question***
42
noun
701
704
/ prems/
697
699
aprincipleorstatementthatyouconsidertobetrue, Herbasicpremiseisthattherearemoresimilaritiesthan
thatyoubaseotherideasandactionson
differencesbetweenthetwosexes.
noun
696
698
42
53
42
44
50
famousandadmiredforaspecialskillor
achievement
givingyousatisfaction,pleasure,orprofit
aplanorsystemthatisdesignedtoprotectpeople
orpreventseriousproblems
themusicwrittenforafilm,playetc
noun
/ skru tni/
Ithasproducedinternationallyrenownedperformersand
conductors,
Whichskillwouldyoupersonallyfindmostrewardingor
frustratingtolearn?
Theyformabondandanetworkthatisbotha safetynetanda
newreasontolive.
Addingamusicalscorewassuddenlyprohibited.
Councilservicesaresubjecttoclosescrutinytoensuretheir
efficiency.
47
46
130
44
A
714
715
notstanduptoscrutiny
phrase
selfhelpbook
noun
sequel
noun
set ***
set ***
verb
shoot***
verb
719
720 shot
smalltalk
noun
snigger
verb
sorry**
(Im)sorry?
astageorotherplacewhereafilmortelevision
programmeismadeorwhereaplayisperformed
Strangely,thestrictsetofruleswesetourselveshaveturnedout
tobearelease.
towriteorproduceaplay,book,filmetcthat
happensinaparticulartimeorplace
totakephotographs,ortomakeafilmorvideo
Strangely,thestrictsetofruleswesetourselveshaveturnedout
tobearelease.
Wewereorderednottoshootuntilhegavethesignal.
tk/
informalconversationaboutthingsthatarenot
important
tolaughquietly,especiallyatsomethingthatisrude
oratsomethingunpleasantthathashappenedto
someone
Filmsmustbeshotincolour.
Inwhatothersortsofsituationsdoyounormallyengagein small
talk?
Thecrowdcouldn'thelpbutsniggerwhenthetwodancers
trippedovereachother.
44
45
48
I'msorryIbehavedinsuchachildishway.
phrase
/am
sri/
noun
/ sand bat/
spatialawareness
noun
/ spe()l we(r)ns/
speechdefect
noun
/ spi t
star***
verb
di fekt/
usedforpolitelyaskingsomeonetorepeat
somethingthattheyhavesaid
ashortcommentbyapoliticianorotherfamous
personthatistakenfromalongerconversationor
speechandbroadcastalonebecauseitisvery
interestingoreffective
Sorry,couldyourepeatthat,please?
50
Ifthesepointswereacknowledged,thesciencesoundbiteswould
beheadedMenandwomenprettysimilar,researchfinds.
someonesabilitytounderstandsize,shape,position, Menhavebetterspatialawarenessthanwomen.
anddepth
afaultinthewaysomeonespeaks
TheKing'sSpeech isamovingportrayalofthestruggleofKing
GeorgeVItoovercomeaspeechdefect.
ifafilm,play,televisionprogrammeetcstars
Sarahhasmissedherchanceofstarringintheschoolplay.
someone,theyarethemainactororperformerinit
43
42
52
/st(r)/
studio***
noun
subtitle
noun
/ stju di/
aroomorroomswheremusicorafilm,television
FilmedinblackandwhiteinPinewoodStudios,thisclassicthriller
show,orradioshowisrecorded
wasdirectedbyAlfredHitchcock.
atranslationofwhatpeoplearesayinginaforeign IfIhavefreetime,Itendtowatchmovieswithout subtitles.
languagefilmortelevisionprogramme,thatappears
atthebottomofthescreen
/ sb tat()l/
730
731
/ sml
/ sri/
728
729
/set/
adjective
725
727
42
44
/ sn(r)/
soundbite
726
42
aselfhelpbookisdesignedtohelpyoutosolveyour Doesshegenerallyagreeordisagreewiththeclaimsoftheself
ownproblems
helpbooks?
abook,film,playetcthatcontinuesthestoryofan ShehaswrittenasequeltoJaneAusten's'PrideandPrejudice'.
earlierone
/u t/
thepasttense /t/
722
724
bk/
AccordingtoCameron,thisclaimdoesnotstanduptoscrutiny.
/set/
2
723
help
noun
717
721
/self
tobefoundtohavedefectsifcarefullyexamined
/ si kwl/
716
718
/nt stnd p t
skru tni/
superficial*
adjective
/ su p(r) f()l/
44
158
affectingorinvolvingonlythesurfaceoroutsidepart Thefilmmustnotcontainsuperficialaction.
ofsomething
45
A
732
733
adjective
/ swi p/
systematically*
adverb
/ sst mtkli/
taboo
adjective
739
teamwork
noun
telepathy
noun
theory***
intheory
thoughtprovoking
adjective
phrase
/ n
/n (r)dks/
upperclass
adjective
/ p(r)
utterance*
noun
vitality
noun
water***
noun
43
45
42
53
43
adjective
adjective
43
atriteremarkisnotinterestingororiginalbecauseit Weneedtorejecttrite formulasaboutmaleandfemalelanguage

iswhatpeopleusuallysayinthatsituation
use.
unorthodox
kls/
notfollowingtheusualrulesorbeliefsofyour
Bertieovercamehisstammerwiththehelpofan unorthodox
religion,societyetc
speechtherapist.
relatingtopeoplewhohavethehighestsocialstatus ElizawastryingtoloseherregionalCockneyaccentsothatshe
couldsoundmorelikeanupperclassperson.
astatement
GrayseemstosuggestthatmenhearutterancessuchasCould
youemptythetrash?aspurelyhypotheticalquestions.
/ t()rns/
52
49
156
originalandshowingalotofimagination
/ vn()ri/
energy,orenthusiasm
/vatlti/
ElSistemaisauniqueprogrammebythevisionaryformer
economistJosAbreu.
Thelifeaffirmingvitalityofitsorchestralperformanceshas
mesmerisedaudiencesaroundtheworld.
Soldierswereabletogetfoodandwateracrosstheborder.
47
47
/ wt(r)/
holdwater
phrase
wateroffaducksback
749
750
ri/
adjective
747
748
Thereispotentialforcommunicationtogoawry,simplybecause
languageisnottelepathy.
Temporalandgeographicalalienationareforbidden.
InTheMythofMarsandVenus ,Cameronrefutesthetheorythat
menandwomencommunicatedifferently.
usedforsayingthatsomethingisbelievedtobetrue, Intheory,anythingcouldhappen.
althoughitmaynotbetrue
interestinginawaythatmakesyouthinkofnew
Thisisathoughtprovokingfilm.
ideasorthatchangesyourattitudetosomething
/trat/
visionary
43
46
theabilityofpeopletocommunicatedirectlywith
eachothersminds,withoutusingwords
relatingtotime
adjective
744
746
ElSistema isinnovativebecauseofitsemphasisonteamwork.
/ t pr vk/
trite
745
workthatyoudotogetherwithotherpeople
48
/t lepi/
/ temp()rl/
/ ri/
741
743
ifsomethingistaboo,peopledonotdoitortalk
aboutitbecauseitisoffensiveorshocking
/ ti m w(r)k/
noun
740
742
Weneedtorejecttriteformulasandsweepingclaimsaboutmale
andfemalelanguageuse.
Researchdebunksthemyththatmenandwomen systematically
misunderstandoneanother.
Whenyoufirstmeetsomeoneinyourcountry,areanytopicsof
conversationtaboo?
/t bu /
736
737 temporal
738
notbasedonspecificfactsordetailsandtherefore
notcompletelyaccurateorfair
accordingtoacarefulplanandinathoroughway
sweeping
734
735
phrase
way***
noun
/ hld
ifanexplanationorargumentholdswater,itistrue
AccordingtoCameron,thisclaimdoesnotholdwater.
usedforsayingthatthingssuchascriticismsor
insultsdonotaffectsomeonebecausetheyhave
dealtwithalotofthembefore
Hetakesnonoticeifyoutellhimoffitslikewateroffaducks
back.
wt(r)/
/ wt(r) f
bk/
dks
42
49
Therearenosignificantdifferencesinthewaymenandwomen
uselanguage.
/we/
42
A
751
inaway
whereas***
phrase
754
755
fromonepointofview
/ n
Inaway,Iagreewithyou.
we/
conjunction
/wer z/
752
753
widescreen
adjective
/ wad skri n/
widespread**
adjective
/ wad spred/
wizardry
noun
/ wz(r)dri/
abandon**
verb
/ bndn/
acquit
verb
/ kwt/
affiliation
noun
/ fli e()n/
aidworker
noun
usedforcomparingtwothings,people,situationsetc Mentalkmoreaboutthingsandfacts,whereaswomentalkmore
aboutpeople,relationshipsandfeelings.
andshowingthatthereisanimportantdifference
betweenthem
madetobeshownonascreenthatgivesawider
ThefinalpicturemustbetransferredtoAcademy35mmfilm,
viewthananormalscreengives
thatis,notwidescreen.
happeningorexistinginmanyplaces,oraffecting
Itisamythintheeverydaysense:awidespreadbutfalsebelief.
manypeople
somethingcreatedusingahighlevelofskill
Filmstodayarefullofspecialeffectsandtechnicalwizardry.
43
45
43
44
756 Unit5
757
758
759
/ ed
760
761
762
765
766
noun
/ (r)md
arson
noun
/ (r)s()n/
ASEAN
noun
rbri/
/ esi n/
assault**
noun
/ slt/
badlybehaved
adjective
/ bdli bhevd/
beside***
preposition
besideyourself(withanger/excitemen
767
phrase
betray**
768
w(r)k(r)/
armedrobbery
763
764
tostopbelievingorsupportinganidea
Hismotherabandonedhimwhenhewasfivedaysold.
tostateofficiallythatsomeoneisnotguiltyofthe
Hissentencewaslateroverturnedandhewasacquitted.
crimetheywereaccusedof
connectionwithanorganisation,especiallyapolitical Youshouldstandupfortherightsofallpeople,regardlessof
orreligiousone
theirreligiousaffiliation.
Theaidworkerriskedherlifetobringrefugeessafelyacrossthe
someonewhoworksforaninternational
border.
organisationgivinghelpinaplacewherepeople
needit
thecrimeoftakingmoneyorpropertyillegally,
Hewasarrestedandchargedwitharmedrobbery.
involvingtheuseofweapons
theillegaluseoffiretodestroyahouse,building,or Thefireinvestigatorssaidtherewasnoindicationofarson.
property
ASEANmembersheldtheirannualmeetinginJuly.
AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations:an
organisationofcountriesforincreasingtradeand
developmentinSoutheastAsia
aphysicalattackonsomeone,orthecrimeof
Hewaschargedwithassault.
physicallyattackingsomeone
abadlybehavedchildoranimalbehavesinaway
Thebadlybehavedtoddlersdisruptedeveryone'sdinneratthe
thatisrudeorroughandupsetspeople
restaurant.
Ikneltdownbesidethebed.
58
55
/bsad/
/bsad j(r) self w
(r), k satmnt,
wri, et set()r/
unabletothinkclearlybecauseyouareveryangry,
excited,worried,etc.
Ihaveawifewhoisexpectingababyandrightlysheisbeside
herselfwithworry.
158
ifyoubetrayyourcountry,orifyoubetraysomeone Aheroissomeonewhoneverbetraysfriends,familyornation.
whoneedsyoursupport,youdeliberatelydo
somethingthatharmsthemorhelpstheiropponents
verb
/btre/
54
blackmail
noun
/ blk mel/
769
770
771
blasphemy
noun
/ blsfmi/
bleak*
adjective
/bli k/
bribery*
BRIC
noun
/brk/
775
776
brutal*
adjective
noun
/ b(r)lri
cell***
noun
/sel/
56
thecrimeofenteringabuildingillegallyinorderto
stealthings
asmallroomwhereaprisoneriskept
atemporaryunionofdifferentpoliticalpartiesthat
agreetoformagovernmenttogether
noun
Burglariesareontheincreaseinthearea.
Therebellioncrushed,theguardsthensetupaprivilege cell
system.
Heisgratefulfortheprotectionofthecoalitionwarships.
/ k l()n/
777
communal*
adjective
778
communityworker
noun
compromise*
verb
61
58
ownedorusedbyeveryoneinagroup,especiallya
groupofpeoplewholiveinthesamebuilding
/ kmjn()l/,
/k mju n()l/
/k mju nti
Thechurchconsideredthemovieblasphemyandencouragedits
memberstoboycottit.
Nevergiveuphope,howeverbleakasituationmayappear.
/ bru t()l/
burglary*
coalition**
Someonewastryingtoblackmail himwithpicturesofhimandhis
mistress.
55
/ brab()ri/
773
thecrimeofmakingsomeonegiveyoumoneyordo
whatyouwantbythreateningtotellpeople
embarrassinginformationaboutthem
somethingthatisconsideredoffensivetoGodor
someonesreligiousbeliefs
withoutanyreasonstofeelhappyorhopeful
thecrimeofgivingmoneyorpresentstosomeoneso Heisappearingincourtonchargesofbriberyandtaxevasion.
thattheywillhelpyoubydoingsomethingdishonest
orillegal
BRICcountrieshaveallrecentlyexperiencedrapideconomic
Brazil,Russia,IndiaandChina:countrieswhose
economicdevelopmentisatmoreorlessthesame growth.
stage
extremelyviolent
Therecentbrutalgenocidehasresultedinwidespreadmigration.
noun
772
774
Iliveinablockofflats,anditsveryfriendlyandcommunal.
159
someonewhoworksgivinghelptopeopleinthe
w(r)k(r)/ village,urbandistrictetcwheretheylive
Heoweshislifetothecommunityworkerswhokepthimaway
fromalifeofdrugsandviolence.
779
/ kmprmaz/
780
781
tosolveaproblemorendanargumentbyaccepting Herrefusaltocompromiseinfuriatedhercolleagues.
thatyoucannothaveeverythingthatyouwant
concession**
noun
Hesaidtherecouldbenoconcessionstotheterrorists.
/kn se()n/
togiveorallowsomethingtosomeoneinorderto
reachanagreement
makeaconcession
phrase
/ mek kn se()n/
confront**
verb
/kn frnt/
convict**
verb
/kn vkt/
conviction**
noun
/kn vk()n/
782
783
784
785
Youhavetobepreparedtomakeconcessionsinarelationship.
todealwithadifficultsituation
GilgameshandEnkiduareabouttoconfrontthemonster
Humbaba.
toproveinacourtoflawthatsomeoneisguiltyofa NedKellywasconvictedinhisabsenceoftheattemptedmurder
crime
ofapoliceman.
astrongbelieforopinionaboutsomething
Shehasaconvictionfordangerousdriving.
54
58
convoy
noun
/ knv/
786
787
corrupt*
adjective
corruption**
noun
courage**
noun
/ krd/
789
courageous
adjective
crush**
verb
793
794
795
796
cyclone
noun
59
theabilitytodosomethingthatyouknowisrightor Gilgameshsaid,Courage,dearbrother,thisisnotimetogivein
tofear.'
good,eventhoughitisdangerous,frightening,or
verydifficult
verybraveanddetermined
Frankfoughtacourageousbattleagainstcancer.
noun
/det/
defend***
verb
dehumanise
verb
penlti/
158
legalpunishmentbydeath,usuallyforaserious
Shereceivedthedeathpenalty,buthersentencewascommuted
crimesuchasmurder
totransportationtoAustralia.
asituationinwhichyouowemoneytootherpeople $1.3billionofdebthasbeenwrittenoffbytheIMF.
Therehasbeenadeclineintourism.
/dklan/
/dfend/
hju mnaz/
verb
65
1toprotectsomeoneorsomethingfrom Youshoulddefendtherightsofallpeople.
attack
Theywenttogreatlengthstodehumanisetheirenemies.
tomakepeoplestopfeelingandbehavinglike
normalpeople,especiallybytreatingthemvery
badly
toshowclearlythatsomethingistrueorthatitexists Itdemonstratesthatbyfarthemosturgentproblemaffectingall
childrenislackofaccesstosanitationfacilities.
/ demnstret/
devastate*
verb
disorientate
verb
displacement
noun
800
58
57
areductionintheamountorqualityofsomething
/ di
demonstrate***
Imnowmoreafraidofpiracythanstormsand cyclones.
/ sakln/
debt***
noun
61
aseverestorminwhichthewindspinsinacircle
/ de
decline***
55
tocompletelydefeatsomeonewhoisopposingyou, Theguardscrushedtherebellionandthensetupaprivilegecell
especiallybyusingforceorviolence
system.
noun
798
801
/k reds/
deathpenalty
797
799
/kr/
791
792
/k rpt/
agroupofvehiclesorshipstravellingtogether,often Coalitionshipsprovideconvoystoescortshipsacrosstheseas.
withothervehiclesorshipsprovidingprotectionfor
them
doingdishonest,illegal,orimmoralthingsinorderto Thenewpolicechiefvowedtoprosecutecorruptpoliceofficers.
gainmoneyorpower
dishonestorillegalbehaviourbyofficialsorpeoplein Thebankwascloseddownamidallegationsofcorruptionand
fraud.
positionsofpower,especiallywhentheyaccept
moneyinexchangefordoingthingsforsomeone
/k rp()n/
788
790
/ devstet/
55
64
toseriouslydamageorcompletelydestroy
something
tomakesomeoneunabletothinkclearlyormake
sensibledecisions
Therearestoriesofheroismofpeoplewhogooutandcarefor
familiesthathavebeendevastatedbydisease.
Thesuddendropinaltitudedisorientatedtheyoungpilot.
813
/ds rintet/
asituationinwhichapersonisforcedtoleavetheir Therecentbrutalgenocidehasresultedinthe displacementof
owncountryandgosomewhereelsetolive
wholepopulationsonamassivescale.
/ds plesmnt/
56
distresscall
804
805
806
807
/dstres
drought
noun
/drat/
emergency***
noun
/m(r)d()nsi/
epic
noun
/ epk/
epidemic
noun
/ epdemk/
escort1
noun
fake
811
812 fame**
famine*
verb
adjective
verb
noun
/es k(r)t/
/ i v()l/
/fek/
/fem/
/ fmn/
firm***
adjective
phrase
flickknife
817
/rmen
/ flk
flog
flooding
818
819 fluctuate
f(r)m/
noun
816
verb
togosomewherewithaperson,vehicle,shipetcin
ordertoprotectthemortopreventthemfrom
escaping
anevilpersondoesverybadorcruelthings
topretendtohaveafeelingthatyoudonothave
65
56
158
54
56
59
Coalitionshipsprovideconvoystoescortshipsacrosstheseas.
Thenatureofevil:cangoodpeopledobadthings?
Thetravellerwasdetainedforusingafakepassport.
Itisbesttoremainfirminanargument,howeverconvincingyour
tocontinuetoshowthatyouareincontrolofa
opponentsargumentsmaybe.
situationandwillnotbeeasilyforcedtodo
something
aknifewhosebladeishiddeninsidethehandleand Itwasntaflickknife,ofcourse,itwastwometalobjects.
comesoutveryquicklywhenyoupushabutton
naf/
/flg/
noun
verb
alongperiodoftimewhenthereislittleornorain
andcropsdie
anunexpectedsituationinvolvingdangerinwhich
Whenanemergencystrikesinmostplacesintheworld,weare
immediateactionisnecessary
workingtherealready.
alongpoemthattellsastoryaboutancientpeople Thisepicpoemwaslostforcenturies,andthendiscoveredin
andgods
1844.
ExpertsfeartherecentoutbreakofTBcoulddevelopintoamajor
asituationinwhichadiseasespreadsveryquickly
andinfectsmanypeople
epidemic.
apersonoragroupofpeople,vehicles,shipsetcthat Coalitionshipsprovideanescortforshipsinthearea.
gosomewherewithanotherperson,vehicle,shipetc
inordertoprotectthemortopreventthemfrom
escaping
59
61
54
/f(r)m/
remainfirm
815
From2005to2010,therewasadramaticfallintheincidenceof
malaria.
Duetotherecentlackofrainfall,thereisaseveredrought.
thestateofbeingfamous
Heroismleadstofameandglory.
aseriouslackoffoodthatcontinuesforalongtime Aidworkerswereshockedtoseethedegreeoffamineinthe
andcausesmanypeopleinacountrytobecomeillor country.
die
Nofirmevidencelinkspollutionwithasthma.
noun
813
814
/dr mtk/
/ esk(r)t/
809
810 evil**
158
suddenandsurprisingoreasytonotice
adjective
escort2
kl/
dramatic***
808
amessagebyphone,radioetcfromaship,aircraft Alotofthetimetheydontrespondto distresscalls and,anyway,

etcwhichisingreatdangerandlikelytosinkorcrash thepiratesaresoquick.
noun
802
803
/ fld/
/ flkuet/
55
159
tohitsomeoneveryhardwithastickorwhipasa
punishment
asituationinwhichwaterfromariverorfromrain
coverslargeareasofland
Thelivelihoodsofpeopleintheworldspoorestregionsare
continuallythreatenedbynaturaldisasterssuchas flooding.
tochangefrequently
Between2000and2010unemploymentfluctuated.
Hewasfloggedforstealingtimberfromagovernmentyard.
58
56
65
forge*
822
/f(r)/
fraud**
noun
/frd/
game***
noun
/em/
823
genocide
Monopolyisagameforallthefamily.
827
831
832
833
834
phrase
/ v
we t/
givein
phrasalverb
/ v
n/
glory**
noun
noun
/ lri/
/rand/
phrase
/ stnd j(r)
standyourground
guilty***
findsomeoneguiltyofsomething
halt*
callahalttosomething
handcuffs
adjective
phrase
hang***
/ lti/
lti v
themurderoflargenumbersofpeoplebelongingto Therecentbrutalgenocidehasresultedinthedisplacementof
aparticularrace
wholepopulationsonamassivescale.
Thevolunteersweregiventheirroles.
toagreetosomethingthatsomeoneelsewants
Youshouldnevergivewayonyourprinciples.
insteadofwhatyouwant
tostopcompetingorarguingandacceptthatyou
Governmentsshouldnevergiveintoterrorists.
cannotwin
admirationandpraisethatyougetbecauseyouhave Heroismleadstofameandglory.
donesomethingimpressive
Hisfeetwererootedtotheground.
torefusetochangeyouropinions,beliefs,or
Itisbesttostandyourgroundinanargument.
decisionsdespitepressuretochangethem
Theregoesamanwithaguiltysecret.
toofficiallydecidethatsomeonehascommitteda
crime
phrase
/ kl
hlt t
pluralnoun
/h/
verb
hardship
55
55
54
55
55
WarrenKerrwasfoundguiltyofstealingboottops.
58
toendsomething,oftenbyaformalorofficial
sm/ decision
metalringsthatapoliceofficerputsrounda
prisonerswriststostopthemfromusingtheirhands
orarms
tokillsomeonebyputtingaropearoundtheirneck
andmakingthemfall
tokeepannoyingorupsettingsomeone,forexample
bycriticisingthem,attackingthem,ortreatingthem
inawaythatisoffensivetothem
Theydecidedtocallahalttotheprocess.
61
Hewassurprisedtoseehisneighbourhauledoffin handcuffs.
Hewasfinallyhangedin1880.
58
Theyputtheringleadersinsolitaryconfinement,whileharassing
theothers.
/ hrs/, /h rs/
837
56
60
Hehasappealedforahalttothefighting.
/hlt/
verb
158
rand/
/ hn(d) kfs/
harass
838
p/
/fand smwn
sm/
noun
835
836
em z
/ ensad/
/v/
828
829 ground***
830
noun
verb
giveway(to)
Thewholeresearchprogrammewasanelaborate fraud.
usedforsayingthatthetruthhasbeendiscovered, WhentheyattackyouandsofartheEllivitahasbeenlucky
especiallywhensomeonehasbeendoingsomething thegameisupquickly.
wrongandwillhavetostop
phrase
824
825 give***
58
thecrimeofobtainingmoneyfromsomeoneby
trickingthem
thegameisup
826
toillegallycopydocuments,papermoney,orworks ThomasBriggswassentencedtodeathforforgingchequesin
ofartwiththeintentionofcheatingpeople
1829.
verb
820
821
61
asituationinwhichlifeisverydifficult,usually
becauseyoudonothaveenoughmoney
noun
/ h(r)dp/
It'sjustextraordinarytohearsomeoneputtingtheneedsof
othersbeforetheirownneedsatatimeofreal hardship.
158
A
839
840
haunt*
verb
/hnt/
healthcare**
noun
/ hel
hero**
heroine
845
ke(r)/
someonewhohasdonesomethingbrave,for
examplesavingapersonslifeorriskingtheirownlife
Carolinewashauntedbyafearofcancer.
Thequalityoflifeofpeopleindevelopingcountrieswouldbe
improvedbyincreasedaccesstohealthcare.
Aheroissomeonewhofacesdangersandtrialswithoutfear.
/ hr/
56
54
Madonnawasherheroine.
awomanwhohasdonesomethingbrave,for
examplesavingapersonslifeorriskingtheirownlife
noun
/ hern/
842
844
tomakesomeonefeelworriedandupsetforalong
time
theservicesthatlookafterpeopleshealth
noun
841
843
hijack
verb
/ hadk/
hope***
noun
/hp/
phrase
/ v p
giveuphope
hostage*
hp/
noun
/ hstd/
846
however***
adverb
/haev(r)/
847
toillegallytakecontrolofavehicle,especiallya
plane,usingviolenceorthreats
Thesedaystheyhijackships,taketheentirecrewhostageand
demandhugeransoms.
Theseyoungpeoplehavenohopeforthefuture.
tostopbelievingthatsomethingyouwanttohappen
mightbepossible
apersonwhoistheprisonerofsomeonewho
threatenstokillthemiftheydonotgetwhatthey
want
usedforsayingthatitmakesnodifferencehow
good,bad,difficultetcsomethingisorhowmuch
thereisofsomething
158
55
Nowadaysthepiratesarestartingtoattackandshoottheir
hostages.
58
55
Twoofthehostageswerereleasedonhumanitariangrounds.
humanitarian
adjective
/hju
848
humanitariandisaster
849
phrase
humanitarianrelief
850
851
phrase
humble
adjective
humility
noun
hurricane
noun
852
853
idealise
854
verb
mnterin/
/hju mnterin
dzst(r)/
awar,flood,earthquakeetcwhichresultsinpeople Thisearthquakeistheworsthumanitariandisasterinthe
livinginverybadconditionsandsuffering
country'shistory.
effortstohelppeoplewhoarelivinginverybad
conditionsandaresufferingbecauseofawar,flood,
/hju mnterin rli f/ earthquakeetc
notproudandnotthinkingthatyouarebetterthan
otherpeople
/ hmb()l/
awayofbehavingthatshowsthatyoudonotthink
thatyouarebetterormoreimportantthanother
people
/hju mlti/
aviolentstormwithextremelystrongwindsand
heavyrain
/ hrkn/, / hrken/
tobelieveorsuggestthatsomeoneorsomethingis
perfectorbetterthantheyreallyare
/adlaz/
Weworkthroughhumanitarianemergencyrelief.
158
Hewasagenuinelyhumbleman.
Hewasimpressedbytheyoungboy'shonestyand humility.
continuallythreatenedbynaturaldisasterssuchas hurricanes.
56
Othersidealisedthemasheroes.
59
A
855
illiteracy
IMF
noun
noun
inequality*
noun
860
861
inmate
864
adjective
noun
insecticide
noun
integrity**
noun
862
863 irrespective
irrespectiveof
legalrepresentation
adverb
867
868
869
870
871
leniency
/ a em ef/
/m prz()nmnt/
/ nkwlti/
/ nfms/
/ n met/
/n sektsad/
/n terti/
/ rspektv/
/ li ()l
reprzen te()n/
v/
thepunishmentofbeingputintoprison
asituationinwhichpeoplearenotequalbecause
somegroupshavemoreopportunities,power,
moneyetcthanothers
wellknownforsomethingbad
someonewhoiskeptinaprison,mentalhospital,or
otherinstitution
achemicalforkillinginsects,especiallythosethat
damageplantsorcrops
thequalityofalwaysbehavingaccordingtothe
moralprinciplesthatyoubelievein,sothatpeople
respectandtrustyou
/ lab()l/
lifethreateningdisease
noun
/ laf
livelihood
noun
/ lavlihd/
lockout
phrasalverb
/ lk
loyal**
adjective
/ ll/
loyalty**
noun
57
58
Nobodycouldforgethisinfamouscriminalpast.
Hetoldfellowinmatesthattherereallywasnoescape.
61
Shestartedbuyingorganicfruitafterlearningoftheharmful
insecticidessprayedonthecrops.
Shehadareputationforhonestyandpersonal integrity.
Hecarriedonwithhisplanirrespective.
Parentsshouldnotstandinthewayoftheirchildrensambitions,
irrespectiveoftheirviews.
alawyer(orgroupoflawyers)whospeaks,acts,oris Thequalityoflifeofpeopleindevelopingcountrieswouldbe
presentforaperson,group,ororganisation
improvedbyincreasedaccesstolegalrepresentation.
55
55
56
/ li ninsi/
noun
Theyweresentencedtosixmonthsimprisonment.
Therearegreatinequalitiesinhealthcareacrossthecountry.
despiteaparticularfact,situation,orquality
apunishmentthatisnotassevereasitcouldbe
libel
theillegalactofwritingthingsaboutsomeonethat
arenottrue
adiseasethatislikelytocausesomeonetodie
Annoyedatwhattheysawastheleniencyoftheirnightshift
colleagues,theguardstookaction.
Thecompanysuedthenewspaperforlibel.
61
Shedisplayedgreatcourageinbattlingalifethreateningdisease.
ret()n dzi z/
at/
/ llti/
malnutrition
873
65
noun
872
$1.3billionofdebthasbeenwrittenoffbytheIMF.
theInternationalMonetaryFund:aninternational
organisationthatworkstobalanceandmanagethe
worldseconomyandtohelpcountrieswithweak
economiestodevelop
/ rspektv
noun
Lackofaccesstoeducationhasresultedinhighlevelsofilliteracy.
/ltrsi/
phrase
865
866
theinabilitytoreadorwrite
noun
856
857 imprisonment**
858
859 infamous
noun
/ mlnjtr()n/
somethingsuchasyourworkthatprovidesthe
moneythatyouneedtolive
continuallythreatenedbynaturaldisasters.
Shelockedhimoutofthehouseafteranargument.
topreventsomeonefromcomingintoaroomor
buildingbylockingthedoor
willingtosupport,workfor,orbeafriendto
Alwaysbeloyaltoyourfriendsandfamily,whatevertheymay
someone,evenindifficulttimes
havedone.
Sheinspiresgreatloyaltyamongherstaff.
supportthatyoualwaysgivetosomeoneor
somethingbecauseofyourfeelingsofdutyandlove
towardsthem
Fivemillionpeoplehavebeensufferingfromseveremalnutrition.
amedicalconditioninwhichyouareweakorill
becauseyoudonoteatenoughordonoteatenough
oftherightfoods
56
55
57
A
874
875
noun
/ mn slt(r)/
marked**
adjective
/m(r)kt/
matter**
noun
nomatterhow/where/whatetc...
phrase
adjective
/ mstvs/
mission**
noun
/ m()n/
mockup
noun
From2005to2010,therewasamarkedfallintheincidenceof
malaria.
Thegreaterdeprivationinruralareasisamatter ofconcerngiven
thatthemajorityofchildreninBangladeshlivethere.
usedforsayingthatsomethingisnotimportantor
willnothaveaneffect
Youshouldalwaysstanduptobullies,nomatterhowmuchthey
maythreatenyou.
amischievousperson,especiallyachild,enjoys
havingfunbycausingtrouble
anaimthatisveryimportanttoapersonor
organisation
amodelofsomethingthatisthesamesizeasorvery
similartotherealthing,usedespeciallyforresearch
Therewerealwaysmischievousboysaround.
65
55
Aheroissomeonewhohasstrongbeliefsandasenseof mission.
54
Thecompanypresentedamockupoftheirnew,futuristiccarat
theexposition.
Heartdiseaseanddiabetesareamongthemostcommoncauses
ofmortalityinlaterlife.
noun
/m(r) tlti/
881
infantmortality
mortalityrate
murder***
phrase
/ nfnt m(r) tlti/
phrase
/m(r) tlti
noun
/ m(r)d(r)/
/ nr/
884
885 narrow**
verb
NATO
noun
ret/
thenumberofdeathsofbabiesandveryyoung
children
thenumberofdeathswithinaparticulararea,group
etc
thecrimeofkillingsomeonedeliberately
tobecomeormakesomethingnarrower
NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganisation:anorganisation
ofNorthAmericanandEuropeancountriesthat
providesmilitarysupportforitsmembers
Infantmortalityhasbeenreducedbyonethirdandweexpect
thesenumberstogetbetter.
Twoyearsagothisregionsufferedfromoneoftheworlds
highestmortalityratesduetomalaria.
NedKellywasconvictedinhisabsenceoftheattemptedmurder
ofapoliceman.
Thegapbetweenrichandpoorhasnarrowedby10%.
TenthousandNATOtroopsweresenttothewartorncountryto
assistlocalforces.
57
57
58
57
/ net/
886
naturaldisaster
noun
/ nt()rl dzst(r)/
887
NGO
888
889 notorious*
obstruct
890
/ mkp/
mortality**
883
Hepleadedguiltytotwocountsofmanslaughter.
64
/n mt(r) ha,
we(r), wt et set()r/
mischievous
880
882
thecrimeofcausingsomeonesdeathillegallybut
withoutintendingto
clearandnoticeable
/ mt(r)/
877
879
manslaughter
876
878
noun
adjective
/ en di
/
/ntris/
verb
/b strkt/
somethingthathappensinnatureandcausesalotof Thelivelihoodsofpeopleintheworldspoorestregionsare
damageorkillsalotofpeople,forexampleafloodor continuallythreatenedbynaturaldisasters.
anearthquake
nongovernmentalorganisation:anorganisationthat ShevolunteersforanNGO,workingtobringcleanwaterand
isnotownedbythegovernment,butmayworkwith sanitationtosomeofthepoorestareasintheworld.
governmentdepartments
famousforsomethingbad
totakeactioninordertopreventsomeonefrom
doingsomethingortopreventsomethingfrom
happening
56
Thecityisnotoriousforitstrafficjams.
Parentsshouldnotobstructtheirchildrensambitions,
irrespectiveoftheirviews.
55
OPEC
893
894
895
/ pek/
orphan
verb
/ (r)f()n/
outbreak*
noun
/ at brek/
patrol*
verb
/p trl/
peak
verb
/pi k/
perseverance
noun
898
899
piracy
noun
pirate
noun
plummet
verb
pocket
902
903
/ part/
/ plmt/
preventable
adjective
/prventb()l/
prosecute*
verb
/ prskju t/
raid
verb
/red/
ransom
noun
/ rns()m/
ratonsomeone
phrasalverb
refugeecamp
noun
/ rt n
smwn/
/ refjdi
906
regardless**
kmp/
adverb
57
56
59
65
Piracyisaliveandwellinsomepartsoftheworld.
59
Thecrewarepowerlessifthepiratesboardtheboat.
58
In2010theGDPplummeted.
65
Seniorgovernmentfigureshavepocketed millionsofdollarsinaid
donations.
Everyday2,000childrenlessaredyingofpreventablediseases
thantheywerethistimelastyear.
toofficiallyaccusesomeoneofacrimeandaska
Thereisnointernationallegalsystemforprosecutingpeople
courtoflawtojudgethem
accusedofpiracy.
tosuddenlyattackaplace,causealotofdamageand StedeBonnetraidedshipsofftheVirginiacoast.
stealthings
Piratesboardthevessels,takethecrewhostageanddemand
theamountofmoneythatsomeonewantstobe
ransompayments.
paidbeforetheywillletapersonwhotheyare
keepingprisonergofree
totellsomeoneinauthorityaboutsomethingthat
Theguardscreatedtheimpressiontheyhad rattedontheir
someoneyouknowhasdonewrong
friends.
aplacewithtentsorothersheltersforpeoplewho Fivemillionpeoplemigratedearlierintheyeartorefugeecamps.
leavetheircountry,especiallyduringawarorother
threateningevent
Itseemedanimpossibletaskattimes,butwecarriedon,
regardless.
56
158
59
58
59
61
57
/r(r)dls/
907
908
thecrimeofstealingthingsfromshipswhiletheyare
sailing
someonewhoattacksshipswhiletheyaresailingin
ordertostealthingsfromthem
ifsomethingsuchasanamount,rate,orvalue
plummets,itsuddenlybecomesmuchlower
totakemoneyforyourselfthatdoesnotbelongto
you,especiallywhenyouareresponsibleforlooking
afterit
apreventablediseaseiscapableofbeingprevented
/ parsi/
/ pkt/
904
905
Homeshavebeenfoundforover500childrenorphanedinthe
recentintertribalconflict.
Expertsfeartherecentoutbreak ofTBcoulddevelopintoamajor
epidemic.
tomoveregularlyaroundaplaceinordertoprevent Shipsfromaninternationalcoalitionforceregularly patrolthe
troubleorcrime
area.
toreachthehighestamountorlevel,before
In2010theGDPpeaked.
becominglower
adeterminedattitudethatmakesyoucontinue
Excellentmarksarearesultofhardworkandperseverance.
tryingtoachievesomethingdifficult
verb
900
901
AnalystswereawaitingthedecisionfromOPEC.
/ p(r)svrns/
896
897
OrganisationofPetroleumExportingCountries:an
organisationthatcontrolsthesupplyandpriceofoil
intheworldmarket
tomakeachildanorphan(=achildwhoseparents
havedied)
thesuddenstartofwar,disease,violenceetc
noun
891
892
regardlessof
phrase
/r(r)dls
v/
withoutbeingaffectedorinfluencedbyanythingelse Aheroissomeonewhokeepsgoingregardlessofobstaclesor
thathappensorexists
discouragement.
54
relief***
noun
/rli f/
909
910
911
rife
adjective
/raf/
rocket
verb
/ rkt/
rollcall
noun
/ rl
912
913
salutary
adjective
sanitation
noun
916
917
918
919
920
adjective
/ si
securityalert
noun
/skjrti l(r)t/
selfconfidence
noun
/ self
knfd()ns/
selfconfident
adjective
/ self
knfd()nt/
selfless
adjective
/ selfls/
selflessness
noun
/ selflsns/
selfsacrifice
noun
selfsacrificing
adjective
sentence1***
noun
925
commuteasentence
overturnasentence
sentence2**
926
fer/
/ self
skrfas/
/ self
skrfas/
food,clothes,andmoneygiventopeoplewhoarein Localvolunteersweretheunsungheroesoftheflood relief.

urgentneedofhelp,forexamplebecauseofawaror
otherbadsituation
ifsomethingbadorunpleasantisrife,thereisalotof Tribalconflictisrifeinthearea.
it
ifsomethingsuchasapriceorquantityrockets,it
In2010theGDProserocketed.
suddenlyincreasesalot
theprocessofreadingoutanofficiallistofpeoples Somestudentsstruggledtotakearollcallat2.30amseriously.
namestocheckwhoispresent,usuallyinaschoolor
inthearmedforces
asalutaryexperienceorwarningisonethathasa
TheStanfordPrisonExperimentremainsasalutary lessoninwhat
goodeffectalthoughitisunpleasant
canhappenwithininstitutions.
conditionsandprocessesrelatingtopeopleshealth, Thequalityoflifeofpeopleindevelopingcountrieswouldbe
improvedbyincreasedaccesstosanitation.
especiallythesystemsthatsupplywateranddeal
withhumanwaste
workingortravellingregularlyonthesea
Icomefromaseafaringfamily,myfatherandbrotherareboth
merchantseamen.
awarningthatanattack,bombing,robberyetchas Thecutleryinmyrucksacksetoffabigsecurityalert.
happenedorisgoingtohappen
thefeelingthatyoucandothingswellandthat
Shelackstheselfconfidencetogetaheadinthebusinessworld.
peoplerespectyou
feelingthatyoucandothingswellandthatpeople He'salotmoreselfconfidentsincehemetAnna.
respectyou
caringaboutotherpeoplesneedsandproblems
Thesocialworkerwasrewardedatthebanquetforher20years
morethanyourown
ofselflessservicetothecommunity.
thequalityofcaringaboutotherpeoplesneedsand Shethankedherparentsfortheircontinued selflessness.
problemsmorethanyourown
thebehaviourofsomeonewhochoosesnottohave Themovierecountsstoriesofselfsacrificebyordinarycitizens
ortodosomethingthattheywantinordertohelp duringthewar.
otherpeople
choosingnottohaveortodosomethingthatyou
Heisaselfsacrificingheroinmyeyes.
wantinordertohelpotherpeople
apunishmentgivenbyajudge,usuallyinvolvinga
Shereceivedthemaximumsentenceoftenyears.
periodoftimethatapersonmustspendinprison
56
56
65
61
61
56
158
159
/ sentns/
923
924
/ sljt()ri/
seafaring
921
922
kl/
/ snte()n/
914
915
phrase
phrase
/k mju t sentns/
/ v(r) t(r)n
sentns/
verb
tochangeapunishmenttoonethatislesssevere
HersentencewascommutedtotransportationtoAustralia.
tosayofficiallythatapunishmentiswrongand
changeit
whenajudgesentencessomeone,theyofficially
statewhatsomeonespunishmentwillbe
Hissentencewaslateroverturnedandhewasacquitted.
58
/ sentns/
58
ThomasBriggswassentencedtodeathforforgingchequesin
1829.
58
927
adjective
sharp ***
928
929
930
significant ***
simulate
adjective
verb
sinful
adjective
singleminded
adjective
931
932
933
934
/(r)p/
asignificantchangeisverylargeornoticeable
/snfknt/
/ smjlet/
/ s()l
mandd/
manddns/
noun
/ s()l
slight***
adjective
/slat/
noun
solidarity
noun
solitaryconfinement
936
937 spell**
noun
/slm/
stable**
/ slt()ri kn fanmnt/
/spel/
phrase
/ brek
945
She'salwaysbeenverysinglemindedinpursuinghercareer.
thebehaviourofsomeonewhoseattentionisfixed
ononlyonething
aslightchangeissmallinsize,amount,ordegree
Thepartyquestionedthesinglemindednessoftheopposition's
plans.
From2005to2010,therewasaslightfallintheincidenceof
malaria.
TheCleanHandseducationprogrammewaslaunchedinthecitys
slumareas.
Theguardstriedtobreakdownthesolidaritybetweeninmates.
65
64
61
65
57
spel/
apunishmentinwhichaprisoneriskeptalone,
separatefromotherprisoners
Theyroundeduptheringleadersandputthemin solitary
confinement.
Hewasnotthefirstmantofallunderher spell.
tobringtoanendapowerfulinfluenceonsomeone, Hervehementprotestsbrokethespell.
usuallyaninfluencethatmakesthemadmireorobey
anotherperson
Peoplehavebecomeaccustomedtoastableeconomicsituation.
61
61
adjective
/ steb()l/
remainstable
phrase
stamp**
verb
941
944
withyourattentionfixedononlyonething
61
noun
939
943
It'ssinfulhowyouwastemoney.
apoorareaofatownwherethehousesareinvery
badcondition
thesupportthatpeopleinagroupgiveeachother
becausetheyhavethesameopinionsoraims
breakaspell
938
942
toproducethefeaturesofsomethinginawaythat
seemsrealbutisnot
morallywrongorbad
/ sldrti/
935
940
From2005to2010,therewasasharpfallintheincidenceof
malaria.
Therehasbeenasignificantfallinpopulationgrowthoverthe
lastfewdecades.
Theaimwastosimulatethedisorientatingprocesses.
/ snf()l/
singlemindedness
slum
asharpchangeissuddenandverybig
bestampedonyourmemory/mind
stand***
standbysomeone
standinthewayofsomething
phrase
verb
/rmen
steb()l/
/stmp/
/bi stmpt n j(r)
mem()ri, mand/
tonotchangeortonotbelikelytosuddenlybecome Between2000and2010unemploymentremainedstable.
worse
Theydidn'tbothertostampmypassportthistime.
tobeimpossibletoforget
65
Wewillstampourfameonmensmindsforever.
55
Thefilmmustnottakeplacewherethecameraisstanding.
/stnd/
phrase
/ stnd ba
phrase
/ stnd n
sm/
45
tobeloyaltosomeonewhoisinadifficultsituation
Alwaysstandbyyourfriendsandfamily.
totrytopreventsomethingfromhappening
Parentsshouldnotstandinthewayoftheirchildrensambitions.
smwn/
we v
55
55
A
946
947
standupforsomeone/something
standuptosomeone
steadily***
948
949 risesteadily
phrase
phrase
adverb
phrase
noun
/eft/
tireless
adjective
verb
/ ta(r)ls/
/t/
phrase
/ t
tooth***
955
956 bareyourteeth
transportation*
noun
phrase
55
Youshouldalwaysstanduptobullies.
55
ThegrowthrateoftheBangladeshieconomyhasincreased
steadily.
toincreaseslowlyandgradually
Between2000and2010unemploymentrosesteadily.
Sustainabledevelopmentisoneofthebiggestissuesfacingthe
thedevelopmentofacountryorregionthatdoes
notusemorenaturalresourcesthancanbereplaced countryrightnow.
andsodoesnotharmtheenvironment
thecrimeofstealing
Therehavebeenalotoftheftsrecently.
workingveryhardwithoutstopping
Throughthetirelessworkoftheoverseasvolunteers,school
enrolmentsincreasedby10%.
Theplayertoedthefootballdownthefield.
Theguardsrewardedprisonerswhotoedtheline.
64
65
57
61
It'simportanttobrushyourteethatleasttwiceaday.
/tu /
/ be(r) j(r)
ti /
toshowyourteethinathreateningway
theactivityofmovingpeopleorthingsfromone
placetoanother,orthesystemusedfordoingthis
Hebaredhisteethandletoutadeafeningroar.
HersentencewascommutedtotransportationtoAustralia.
thecrimeofhelpingyourcountrysenemiesorof
tryingtodestroyyourcountrysgovernment
Themilitaryconsideredthesoldier'sactionsastreason.
tomakesomethinghappen
Hetoldfellowinmatesthattherereallywasnoescape,which
triggeredgenuinefearamongthem.
continuallythreatenedbynaturaldisasterssuchas tsunamis.
/ trnsp(r) te()n/
treason
Youshouldstandupfortherightsofallpeople.
lan/
noun
noun
55
58
/ tri z()n/
958
trigger**
tsunami
verb
UN
/tsu
nmi/
/ ju
en/
noun
961
UNESCO
/ tr(r)/
noun
960
/ju
unfold
verb
averylargewaveorseriesofwavescausedwhen
somethingsuchasanearthquakemovesalarge
quantityofwaterinthesea
Theproblemwillcontinuetoincreaseuntilthereisan
theUnitedNations:aninternationalorganisation
thatencouragescountriestoworktogetherinorder internationalcourt,backedbytheUN.
tosolveworldproblemssuchaswar,disease,and
poverty
ThesitehasbeenaUNESCOworldheritagesitesince2004.
theUnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,and
CulturalOrganisation:aninternationalorganisation
thatprovidessupportineducation,science,and
culture,especiallyforpoorercountries
noun
962
963
/s stenb()l
dvelpmnt/
todefendsomeoneorsomethingthatisbeing
criticisedorattacked
tonotallowyourselftobetreatedbadly,especially
bysomeoneinauthority
toacceptrulesandtoobeypeopleinauthority
957
959
smwn/
/ stedli/
/ raz stedli/
theft***
toetheline
p t
noun
952
953 toe
954
/ stnd
sustainabledevelopment
950
951
/ stnd p f(r)
smwn, sm/
nesk/
1tohappen,ortodevelop
/n fld/
Westoodandwatchedthedramaunfold.
61
56
59
UNICEF
/ ju nsef/
unsung
965
966 vehement
adjective
adjective
villain*
noun
volcaniceruption
noun
968
WB
/n s/
/ vi mnt/
/ vln/
/vl knk rp()n/
noun
/ db()lju
969
whatever***
bi /
conjunction
/wt ev(r)/
970
whenever**
conjunction
notfamous,praised,oradmired,althoughdeserving Localvolunteersweretheunsungheroesofthefloodrelief.
tobe
involvingextremelystrongfeelingsorbeliefs
Hervehementprotestsbrokethespell.
anevilperson,oracriminal
Peopleareveryreadytospeakoflanguageusersasheroesand
villains.
whenavolcanoexplodesinsideandflames,rocks,
andlavacomeoutofthetop
continuallythreatenedbynaturaldisasterssuchas volcanic
eruptions.
theWorldBank:aninternationalorganisationthat ReducingpovertyistheprimarymissionoftheWB.
lendsmoneytocountriesthataremembersofthe
UnitedNations
usedforsayingthatwhathappensorwhatistrueis Alwaysstandbyyourfriendsandfamily,whatevertheymayhave
notimportant,becauseitmakesnodifferencetothe done.
situation
usedforsayingthatyoudonotcarewhensomething WheneverIhearthatsong,Ithinkofyou.
happens,becausealltimesareequallyconvenient
56
61
63
56
55
/wen ev(r)/
971
wherever**
conjunction
/wer ev(r)/
972
WHO
noun
/hu /
973
whoever**
conjunction
/hu
974
975
TheclasshadabakesaletoraisemoneyforUNICEF.
UnitedNationsChildrensFund:aninternational
organisationthathelpschildreninpoorcountries,for
examplebyprovidingthemwithfoodandmedicine
noun
964
967
wicked*
adjective
writeoff
phrasalverb
/ wkd/
/ rat
976
WTO
ev(r)/
f/
noun
/ db()lju
977
ti
usedforsayingthatyoudonotcarewhere
somethinghappens,becausealltheplacesare
equallygood
theWorldHealthOrganisation:aninternational
organisationthatispartoftheUnitedNationsand
helpspoorercountriesbygivingtheminformation
andmedicine
Whereverhewent,hetookhisdogwithhim.
usedforsayingthatitdoesnotmatterwhois
involvedinsomethingbecausetheresultorthe
situationwillbethesame
morallywronganddeliberatelyintendingtohurt
people
todecidethatsomeoneorsomethingwillnot
succeedandsotostopgivingthemyourattention
andenergy
theWorldTradeOrganisation:aninternational
organisationthatcontrolstradebetweencountries
Whoeverwinstheelection,itwon'tmakeanydifferencetome.
Herdreamjobistoworkasadoctorwiththe WHO,preferablyin
aFrenchspeakingcountry.
Iknewthatitwasawickedthingtodo.
$1.3billionofdebthasbeenwrittenoffbytheIMF.
57
TheWTOisresponsibleformorethanjustremovingobstaclesto
trade.
978 Unit6
979
abolition
noun
theofficialendtoalaw,system,practiceetc
/ b l()n/
TheLongSong issetaroundthetimeoftheabolitionofslavery.
69
A
980
981
982
accrue
verb
/ kru /
alchemist
noun
/ lkmst/
algebra
noun
alleviate
verb
appreciate**
verb
/ pri i et/
985
artisan
noun
/ (r)tzn/
986
astronomy*
noun
/ strnmi/
attach**
verb
bandit
noun
barter1
noun
barter
benefit***
verb
/ bndt/
/ b(r)t(r)/
noun
/ benft/
991
992
ifsomethingappreciates,itsvalueincreases
gradually
aworkerwhohasspecialskillandtraining,especially
onewhomakesthings
thescientificstudyofthestars,planets,andother
objectsintheuniverse
tosendsomethingsuchasadocumentorpieceof
extrainformationwithaletter,emailetc
Iappreciateyouhelpingmerevisefortheexam.
160
72
Importantintellectualdevelopmentssuchas algebraand
astronomyalloriginatedintheEast.
Thedoctorhasprescribedsomedrugstoalleviatethepain.
160
Talentedartisanshavebeeninspiredbygoldandworkeditto
makeobjectsofeternalbeauty.
Importantintellectualdevelopmentssuchasalgebraand
astronomyalloriginatedintheEast.
Ihaveattachedavisaapplicationformforyoutocomplete.
bet*
noun
bond**
athiefwhoattackstravellers,usuallywithother
Theyfacetheeverpresentthreatofbandits.
thieves
Theearliesttradeprobablyconsistedofformsof barter.
1thesystemofpayingforgoodsor
serviceswithothergoodsorservicesinsteadofusing
money
toexchangegoodsorservicesforothergoodsor
Manyofthesegoodswerebarteredforothersalongtheway.
servicesinsteadofusingmoney
Thebenefitsincludemedicalinsuranceandacompanycar.
moneyorotherhelpthatthegovernmentgives
peoplewhoneedfinancialhelp,forexamplebecause
theydonothaveajob
Hepassedhisdrivingtest,soIwonmybet.
somethingthatislikelytohappen,orsomeoneor
somethingthatislikelytobesuccessful
phrase
160
66
67
160
/bet/
asafebet
993
73
76
/ b(r)t(r)/
989
990
Itsacombinationofthefineforgoingintooverdraftandalsothe
interestthataccruedasaresult.
Theauthorviewsbankersasmodernalchemists.
/ tt/
987
988
/ ldbr/
ifmoneyaccruesorisaccrued,itgraduallyincreases
inamount
someonewhotriedtochangeordinarymetalsinto
gold,especiallyintheMiddleAges
atypeofmathematicsthatuseslettersandsymbols
inplaceofnumbers
tomakesomethinglesspainful,severe,orserious
/ li viet/
983
984
sef
Madridisasafebetforhotweatheratthistimeofyear.
bet/
adocumentgiventosomeonewhoinvestsmoneyin Theexperienceformedaclosebondbetweenus.
agovernmentorcompany,promisingtopayback
themoneywithinterest
noun
/bnd/
994
Sherefusedtobudgefromhisofficeuntilshegotananswer.
budge
verb
/bd/
995
996
notbudge
phrase
/ nt
bd/
torefusetochangeyouropinionordecisionabout
something
Youwontbudgeonthatatall?
74
A
997
bump*
verb
bumpsomeoneoffaflight
998
999
phrase
captivating
adjective
chains***
pluralnoun
change***
verb
/ bmp
flat/
smwn f
/ kptvet/
1005
1008
1009
1010
/ tend
collectable
noun
/k lektb()l/
commerce**
noun
/ km(r)s/
commission***
noun
68
Whenalloyedwithotherelementsgold'sdensitychanges.
sbdkt/
anobjectthatisvaluablebecausepeoplewantto
ownit
theactivityofbuyingandsellinggoodsandservices
Shekeptallherolddolls,whicharenowvaluablecollectables.
Thecityhasalwaysbeenacentreofcommerce.
anextraamountofmoneythatyouearninyourjob Ihopehegotfantasticcommission?
everytimeyousellaproductorgetanewcustomer
/k m()n/
commodity**
noun
/k mdti/
congenial
adjective
/kn di nil/
controlling
adjective
/kn trl/
cosmopolitan
adjective
/ kzm plt()n/
cover***
noun
/ kv(r)/
deal***
71
(r)/
/ tend
1012
1013 itsadeal
1015
160
YoucouldcallthecaptivatingcityofBangalore,India'sbestcity
forbusiness.
Tobefreeisnotmerelytocastoffoneschains.
73
phrase
1011
1014
Butyoudoacknowledgethatitsnotmyfaultthat Imbeing
bumpedoffthisflight?
todeliberatelystarttalkingaboutsomethingelseto Canwechangethesubject,please?
avoidanargumentorembarrassingsituation
1006
1007
totellsomeonewhohasboughtaticketforaplane
seatthattheycannotflybecausetheairlinehassold
toomanytickets
veryinterestingorattractiveinawaythattakesall
yourattention
conditionsthatlimityourfreedom,especially
unpleasantresponsibilitiesorbadconditionsthat
youlivein
toleaveoneplane,train,busetctogetonanother
/tend/
changethesubject
1004
tostartusingadifferentgearwhenyouaredrivinga Withbusinessconcluded,theconventionchangesgearand
carorridingabicycle
becomeslikeahugeparty.
phrase
1003
/bmp/
changegear
1002
Becarefulnottobumpyourhead.
/tenz/
1000
1001
noun
phrase
/di l/
/ts
di l/
defiant
adjective
/dfant/
depreciate
verb
/dpri iet/
161
somethingthatcanbeboughtandsold,especiallya Asthenamesuggests,silkwasthemaincommoditythatwas
basicfoodproductorfuel
tradedontheSilkRoad.
friendlyandenjoyingthecompanyofothers
YoucouldcallthecongenialcityofBangalore,India'sbestcityfor
business.
makingpeoplebehaveinthewaythatyouwant
Shecouldn'twaittogotouniversityandgetawayfromher
themtobehave
controllingmother.
usedaboutaplacewherepeoplefrommany
Youcouldcallthecosmopolitan cityofBangalore,India'sbestcity
differentcountriesandcultureslive
forbusiness.
Wecanthrowinsomecoverifyoudlike,butthatsthebestprice
anagreementbyaninsurancecompanytopay
wecanoffer.
moneyinaparticularsituationorforaparticular
event,person,orthing
WethinktherewasadealbetweentheCIAandtheFBI.
usedforsayingthatyouagreewithsomething
refusingtoobeyapersonorrule
Fantastic,itsadeal.
MrLallyremainsdefiant,insistingthathewillnotgivein.
tobecomelessvaluablethanbefore
Finewinewillappreciateinvalue,whileacardepreciatesvery
quickly.
159
71
71
160
74
diminish**
1016
1017 do***
1018
willdo
verb
tobecomeless
verb
/dmn/
/du /
phrase
/ wl
usedforsayingthatsomethingisenoughoris
suitableforaparticularpurpose
du /
Bytheendofthe14thcentury,itsimportancehadgreatly
diminished.
Imafraidthatsabsolutelythebestwecando.
ItwillhavetodoIsuppose.
67
74
74
Inthosedays,fueleconomywasacentralfactorincardesign.
economy***
noun
/knmi/
1019
theeconomy
1020
phrase
elixir
emancipation
1025
73
theprocessofgivingfreedomandrightstosomeone Thehistoryofmensoppositiontowomensemancipationis
moreinterestingthanemancipationitself.
noun
68
tomakesomeoneaslave
enslave
verb
/n slev/
exacerbate
verb
/zs(r)bet/
exchange***
verb
/ks tend/
phrase
/ks tend
kntrkts/
phrase
/ks tend
vju z/
verb
noun
/ks p(r)t/
/a/
phrase
/ kt
exchangecontracts
exchangeviews
export**
1028
1029 eye***
1030
catchsomeoneseye
looksomeoneintheeye
1031
1032
1033
1034
Intheirpursuitofgold,whattheywerealsopursuingwasthe
elixiroflife.
/mnspe()n/
1026
1027
aliquidthatpeoplebelievehasmagicpowers,for
exampletheabilitytomakeyouliveforever
/lks(r)/
1022
1024
Between1982and1988theeconomygrewatanaverageof
about3percentperyear.
/i knmi/
noun
1021
1023
thewholeofacountrysbusiness,industry,and
trade,andthemoneythattheyproduce
phrase
/ lk
smwnz
a/
smwn n i
facilitate*
verb
/f sltet/
fetters
pluralnoun
/ fet(r)z/
forestry
noun
/ frstri/
Increasinghighereducationcostscontinuestoenslaveyoung
adultsintoalifeofdebt.
tomakeaproblembecomeworse
Morehastobedoneimmediatelytomakesuretheproblemisnt
exacerbatedanyfurther.
togivesomeonesomethinginreturnforsomething Silkwasbynomeanstheonlycommodityexchangedbytraders.
thattheygiveyou
Thebuyerandsellerofthehousecelebratedafter exchanging
ifthepeoplebuyingandsellingahouseexchange
contracts,theyeachsignacontractsothatthesaleis contracts.
officiallycomplete
tosaysomethingtosomeoneandthenlistentowhat Teammeetingsareanopportunityto exchangeideas.
theysay
tosendaproducttoanothercountrysothatitcan Sotheyrereexportingoutsourcingworktoplaceswithcheaper
besoldthere
labour.
Intheeyesofthemouse,thecatisalion.
togetsomeonesattentionbylookingatthem
Hetriedtocatchthewaiterseye.
71
160
160
79
69
tolookatsomeonewhenyouaretalkingtothem,
especiallytoshowthatwhatyouaresayingistrue
Herefusedtolookherintheeye.
tomakeitpossibleoreasierforsomethingto
happen
1chainsforaprisonersfeet,used
especiallyinthepast
thescienceofcaringforforests,andthetreesand
otherplantsthatgrowinthem
Later,currencywasintroducedtofacilitateawiderexchangeof
goodsandservices.
Themomenttheslaveresolvesthathewillnolongerbeaslave,
hisfettersfall.
Hispassionfortheoutdoorsledhimtoacareerin forestry.
a/
69
67
68
former***
1037
1038
theformer
pronoun
frownupon
phrasalverb
/ fran pn/
further***
adverb
gambler
noun
gaze**
verb
getbackto
1046
/et
getridof
phrasalverb
1051
/et
bk
rd
tu /
v /
noun
/ dnd(r)/
glance***
verb
/lns/
glimpse*
noun
globalisation
noun
/lmps/
tophone,write,orspeaktosomeoneatalatertime
becauseyouwerebusyorcouldnotanswertheir
questionearlier
totakeactionthatstopssomethingannoying,
unpleasant,ornotwantedfromaffectingyou
athicklightbrownrootwithastrongflavourthatis
usedasaspiceincooking
tolooksomewherequicklyandthenlookaway
71
Someofthemostvaluablespices,likeginger,wereactuallyworth
morethantheirweightingold.
Charlesglancedathiswatch.
phrase
160
69
anoccasionwhenyouseesomeoneorsomethingfor ThecrowdwereanxiousforaglimpseofthePresident.
amomentonly
Initsheyday,theSilkRoadwasanearlyexampleofwhatwe
theideathattheworldisdevelopingasingle
knowtodayasglobalisation.
economyandcultureasaresultofimproved
technologyandcommunicationsandtheinfluenceof
verylargemultinationalcompanies
160
/ld/
agoldmedalorgoldjewelleryismadeofgold
Peopleareinvestingingoldjewellery.
/ ld()n/
/ ld()n
nv(r)s()ri/
agoldenbeachorgoldenhairisbrightyellowin
Hehaslovelygoldenhair.
colour
thedaywhenpeoplecelebrate50yearsofmarriage Thecoupletookawelldeservedcruisefortheirgolden
anniversary.
/ld/
adjective
goldenanniversary
73
74
Goldispopularnow,butitalwayshasbeenformanyreasons.
noun
adjective
71
Forcompanies,gettingridofthesetasksmeanslowercosts.
avaluableyellowmetalusedformakingjewellery
golden***
69
Imgoingtohavetothinkaboutitandgetbacktoyou.
/ lblaze()n/
1
gold ***
76
69
ginger
1049 gold *
1050
/ mbl(r)/
phrasalverb
1047
1048
76
someonewhoisreadytotakerisksinordertobe
Inuncertaintimesitisgoldthatthehardheadedfinancial
moresuccessful
gamblersinvestin.
tolookatsomeoneorsomethingforalongtime,for Davidsatgazingatthebillindisbelief,andfrowning.
examplebecausetheyareattractiveorinteresting,
orbecauseyouarethinkingofsomethingelse
/ez/
1042
1045
/ f(r)(r)/
usedforreferringtothefirstoftwopeopleorthings Ofthetwoapartments,VillaGemmaandVillaMaria,theformer
thatyouhavementioned
isnotavailablefortheperiodyoumention.
tonotapproveofsomeone/something
ShefrowneduponGodfrey,thenlookedtoJulyforsome
explanationofhisbehaviour.
Morehastobedoneimmediatelytomakesuretheproblemisnt
exacerbatedanyfurther.
Furthertoourphonecall,IcanconfirmthatVillaMariais
fn usedtoshowthatyouarereferringtoaprevious
conversation/letter,etc
reservedforyoufrom1926July.
phrase
1041
1044
f(r)m(r)/
/ f(r)(r) t a(r)
kl, ma let(r) et
set()r/
furthertoourphonecall/myletteretc
1043
Theceremonyhonouredalltheformerpresidentswhoarestill
living.
/ f(r)m(r)/
1039
1040
pronoun
1035
1036
72
72
72
A
1052
goldengirl
phrase
/ ld()n
(r)l/
phrase
/ ld()n
hn(d) ek/
phrase
/ ld()n
ldi/
goldenhandshake
1053
1054
1055
goldenoldie
goldenopportunity
goldenrule
1056
1057 goldenyears
grimace
phrase
/ ld()n
p(r) tju nti/
phrase
phrase
/ ld()n
/ ld()n
noun
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
guarantee**
verb
guard**
verb
closelyguardedsecret
phrase
ru l/
j(r)z/
/ rms/, /rmes/
/ rn ti /
noun
/ n pad(r)/
hefty
adjective
/ hefti/
heyday
noun
/ hede/
hospitable
adjective
/hsptb()l/
imitation*
noun
impel
verb
import**
verb
income***
noun
inflation***
noun
asuccessfulwomanthatalotofpeoplelikeand
Shesthecompanysgoldengirlatthemoment.
admire
alargeamountofmoneygiventoaseniormanager Theseniormanagerofthecompanygota goldenhandshake
inacompanywhentheyleavetheirjob
whenhelefthisjob.
somethingsuchasasongorfilmthatisoldbutstill
popular
averygoodchancetodoorachievesomething
72
Theydancedthenightawaytoaselectionofgoldenoldies.
Thisjobcouldbethegoldenopportunityyouhavebeenlooking
for.
animportantbasicprinciplethatyoushouldalways Thegoldenruletodoingwellinanexamistogetagoodnight's
obeywhendoingaparticularactivity
sleepthenightbefore.
veryhappyorsuccessfulyears
Theywerethegoldenyearsofjazz.
tomakeanuglyexpressionbytwistingyourface,for Julywassilenthermouthfixedwithagrimaceofachildinthe
thrillofagame.
examplebecauseyouareinpainordonotlike
something
topromisethatsomethingwillhappen
Ifyoucangetitdownto45,thenIcanguaranteeweddoatleast
fourstoresforyou.
ifyouguardinformation,youdonottellittoanyone Thepalaceentranceisguardedroundtheclock.
72
69
161
/(r)d/
/ klsli (r)dd
si krt/
gunpowder
infrastructure*
1071
/ mte()n/
/m pel/
/m p(r)t/
/ nkm/
/n fle()n/
noun
apieceofinformationthathasnotbeentoldto
anyone
asubstancethatisusedforcausingexplosionsorfor
makingfireworks
aheftyamountofmoneyisalargeandimpressive
amount
theperiodoftimewhenaperson,idea,orobjectis
mostsuccessfulorpopular
generoustowardsvisitorsandguests
somethingthatisacopyofsomethingelse,usually
notasgoodastheoriginalthing
ifsomeoneimpelsyoutodosomething,theyforce
youtodoit
tobuyaproductfromanothercountryandbringit
toyourcountry
moneythatsomeonegetsfromworkingorfrom
investingmoney
aneconomicprocessinwhichpricesincreasesothat
moneybecomeslessvaluable
thesetofsystemswithinaplaceororganisationthat
affecthowwellitoperates,forexamplethe
telephoneandtransportsystemsinacountry
/ nfr strkt(r)/
Thesilkmakingprocesswasacloselyguardedsecretfor
centuries.
Manyimportantscientificandtechnologicalinnovationssuchas
gunpowderoriginatedintheEast.
Surelythosefewhoursshouldnthaveincurredsucha heftyfine?
160
160
74
Initsheyday,theSilkRoadwasanearlyexampleofwhatwe
knowtodayasglobalisation.
Kenyansaregenerallyknownforbeinghospitableandbeingnice
topeople.
Itisimportanttodistinguishrealgoldfromimitations.
160
161
72
Thepressureofthepainimpelledhertokneelinfrontofhim.
69
Whatitemsorcommoditiesdoesyourcountry import?
66
Whicharethemainsourcesofincomeinyourcityorarea?
70
Yourpensionisprotectedagainstinflation.
Infrastructureintheseareashasnotbeenabletokeeppacewith
growth.
71
interchange
noun
1072
intractable
latterday
linen*
lookafter
adjective
verb
noun
/ lt(r)
/li v/
lookaway
phrasalverb
lookbackon
phrasalverb
existingnowasamodernexampleofsomeoneor
somethingfromthepast
tonotdosomething
lightclothmadefromaplantcalledflax
Investmentbankerswerelatterdayalchemists,making
fantasticalpromises.
I'llleaveit,thanks.
TheChineseimportedsuchcommoditiesaswoolandlinen.
totakecareofsomeoneorsomethingandmake
certainthattheyhaveeverythingtheyneed
It'shardworklookingafterthreechildrenallday.
160
lookforwardto
phrasalverb
lookinto
phrasalverb
lookon
phrasalverb
de/
160
ft(r)/
toturnyourheadawayfromsomeoneorsomething Shelookedaway,feelingsuddenlyshyandembarrassed.
f(r)w(r)d tu /
/ lk
ntu /
1082
/ lk
n/
1083
/ lk n smwn,
sm z/
lookoutfor
phrase
lookround
phrasalverb
lookup
phrasalverb
/ lk
at f(r)/
/ lk
rand/
/ lk
1086
lookupto
1087
1088 lucrative
major***
phrasalverb
adjective
adjective
Mostpeoplelookbackontheirschooldayswithfondness.
tofeelhappyandexcitedaboutsomethingthatis
goingtohappen
Hehadworkedhardandwaslookingforwardtohisretirement.
1tolookinsidesomething
Iwrotealetterofcomplaint,andtheairlinehavepromisedto
lookintothematter.
towatchanactivityoreventwithouttakingpartinit PhillookedonindisbeliefasMaggiegotuponthetableand
startedtodance.
tothinkofsomeoneorsomethinginaparticularway We'renotrelatedbutIlookonhimasabrother.
1tolookcarefullyatpeopleorthingsaroundyouin Weweretoldtolookoutforabluevan.
ordertotrytofindaparticularpersonorthing
phrasalverb
1084
tothinkaboutatimeoreventinthepast
bk n/
/ lk
lookonsomeone/somethingas...
73
74
/ lk we/
/ lk
1080
1089
Thenewprimeministerpromisedtotackletheintractable
problemofprisonovercrowding.
/ lnn/
/ lk
1079
1085
verydifficultorimpossibletodealwith
/ nt(r) tend/
phrasalverb
1077
1081
Therewassomuchculturalinterchangethatitisnowoften
difficulttoidentifytheoriginsofnumeroustraditions.
/n trktb()l/
1074
1075 leave***
1078
anexchangeofthingssuchasideasorinformation
adjective
1073
1076
1toturnyourhead
Doyouwanttolookroundtheschool?
1toraiseyourheadoreyes
Ididn'tknowwhat'loquacious'meantandhadto lookitupina
dictionary.
toadmireandrespectsomeone
He'sarolemodelforotherplayerstolookupto.
bringingalotofmoney
amajorproblemisaseriousone
Therewasalucrativetradeinspicesfromeasttowest.
MajordomesticfirmssuchasInfosysandWiproestablished
headquartersinthecity.
p/
/ lk p tu /
/ lu krtv/
/ med(r)/
160
71
A
1090
/ mek
malleable
adjective
/ mlib()l/
/ mnjfkt(r)/
verb
manufacturing*
noun
meltingpot
noun
merchant*
mining*
noun
missionary
noun
Caravanseraiwereusednotonlybytradersand merchants,but
alsobycitydwellers.
/ man/
noun
Miningisoneofthecountry'smainindustries.
Caravanseraiwereusedbymissionaries.
66
Thepriceofgoldisrising,bothmockingandrelievingthegloom
andturmoilofaworldwiderecession.
73
YasminAlibhaiBrownwritesonissuesrelatingtorace,
immigrationandmulticulturalism.
/ mlti kltr lz()m/

NAFTA
nomad
noun
73
NorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement
/ nft(r)/
someonewhobelongstoagroupofpeoplewho
movefromplacetoplaceinordertofindfoodand
waterfortheiranimalsorthemselves
noun
NAFTAwasestablishedtopromotetradebetweenmember
countries.
Caravanseraiwereusednotonlybytradersandmerchants,but
alsobynomads.
/ nmd/
1102
offer***
isthatyourfinaloffer?
noun
phrase
160
73
theprocessofgettingcoalormetalfromunderthe
ground
someonewhohasbeensenttoaplacebyareligious
organisationtoteachthepeoplethereabouta
particularreligion
tomakesomeoneorsomethinglookstupidby
laughingatthem,copyingthem,orsayingsomething
thatisnotkind
thebeliefandpracticeofgivingequalimportanceto
eachofthedifferentculturesinasociety
/mk/
multiculturalism
73
160
66
verb
1100
69
usedforemphasisingtheimportanceorinfluenceof Whatthismeremetalrepresentsismeaningsfarbeyondhigh
something,althoughitseemslikeonlyasmallthing pricetags.
/ m()n()ri/
mock*
160
apersonorbusinessthatbuysandsellsgoods,
especiallyonethattradeswithothercountries
/m(r)/
1099
1106
pt/
adjective
1098
1105
tosee,hear,orunderstandsomeoneorsomething Shecouldjustmakeoutafigurestandingnexttothefridge.
withdifficulty
amalleablemetalorsubstanceiseasytopressinto Goldissoftandmalleable.
differentshapes
tomakegoodsinlargequantitiesinafactory
SilkwasmanufacturedinChina.
thebusinessofmakinggoodsinlargequantitiesina Itgivescompaniesthechancetofocusontheircorebusiness,
factory
suchasmanufacturing.
asituationinwhichtherearemanydifferenttypesof Thecaravanseraibecamearichmeltingpotofideas.
people,ideas,religionsetcexistingtogether
/ m(r)t()nt/
mere**
1104
/ mnjfkt(r)/
noun
1096
1103
at/
/ melt
1095
1101
phrasalverb
1094
1097
makeout
1091
1092 manufacture**
1093
66
We'veacceptedanofferof250,000.
/ f(r)/
/z t j(r)
f(r)/
oppressed
adjective
/ prest/
oppressor
noun
/ pres(r)/
67
fan()l
usedinbargainingtotryforthelasttimetogeta
betterdeal
sufferingfromunfairandcrueltreatmentbyamore
powerfulpersonorgovernment
apowerfulleaderorgovernmentthattreatspeople
inanunfairorcruelway
Icantake20%offtheaskingprice.''Isthatyourfinaloffer?'
Governmentsneedarmiestoprotectthemagainsttheirenslaved
andoppressedsubjects.
Freedomisnevervoluntarilygivenbytheoppressor.
68
68
outsourcing
pace**
1114
1115
1116
1117
keeppace(with)
phrase
pes w/
verb
perfume*
noun
/ p(r)fju m/
pilgrim
noun
/ plrm/
plague
noun
/ple/
porcelain
noun
/ p(r)s()ln/
pose**
poseaproblem
verb
/pz/
phrase
/ pz
todeveloporprogressatthesamerateassomething Infrastructureintheseareashasnotbeenableto keeppacewith

else
growth.
tolookverycarefully,especiallybecausesomething
isdifficulttosee
Shewaspeeringthroughthewindow.
aliquidwithapleasantsmellthatyouputonyour
skin
someonewhotravelstoaholyplacethatis
importantintheirreligion
anyseriousdiseasethatspreadsquicklytoalotof
peopleandusuallyendsindeath
ahardshinywhitesubstanceusedformaking
expensivedishes,cups,decorationsetc
tocreateadifficultsituation
precisionengineering
noun
/prs()n
pressing
adjective
/ pres/
/prazd/
profit***
adjective
prblm/
endnr/
noun
71
engineeringwhichrequiresveryaccurate
measurementsanddetaileddesign
ifaproblemispressingitisveryimportantand
urgent
consideredtobeveryimportantorvaluable
moneythatyoumakebysellingsomethingorfrom
yourbusiness,especiallythemoneythatremains
afteryouhavepaidallyourbusinesscosts
Perfumes,preciousstonesandmetals,andfoodstuffswere
exchangedinbothdirections.
alsobypilgrims.
Theyfacedtheeverpresentthreatofbandits,nottomention
warsandplagues.
Europeanswereeagertoimportteasand porcelainfromChina.
160
66
66
160
Wearebeingtoldthattheaccidentposesnothreattothe
environment.
Thefactthatchildpovertystillposesahugeprobleminsome
Europeancountriesisascandal.
YoucancallBangalore,withitsprecisionengineering,Indias
bestcityforbusiness.
Thesafetyofthehostagesisamatterofpressingconcern.
Silkwashighlyprizedandingreatdemandinthewest.
Profitsrose31%to144million.
71
71
159160
/ prft/
1120
push***
pushit
1122
1123 pushupthecost
rancid
1124
/ ki p
/p(r)/
1118
1119 prized
1121
70
Thepaceoftechnologicalchangeincreasedsteadilyduringthe
20thcentury.
noun
1110
1113
/pes/
peer**
1112
HowhasincreaseddemandultimatelyaffectedIndias
outsourcingbusiness?
/ at s(r)s/
1108
1111
anarrangementinwhichworkisdonebypeople
fromoutsideyourcompany,usuallybyacompany
thatisexpertinthattypeofwork
noun
1107
1109
Thestrongsunshinehadpushedtemperaturesintothenineties.
verb
/p/
phrase
phrase
/ p
/ p
t/
p
adjective
kst/
totakeabigriskbydoingsomethingthatislikelyto
causeyoutrouble
tocauseanincreaseinthecostofsomething
rancidfoodcontainsfatsoroilsthatarenolonger
freshandhaveanunpleasanttasteandsmell
/ rnsd/
Ok,45ispushingit,butIneedatleastfivetomakethatviable.
Thishaskeptpushingupthecostofsalaries.
Inthewest,peoplehadtokeepmeatforalongtimeuntilit
turnedrancid.
161
71
160
A
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
adjective
/ rndm/
recognition***
noun
/ rekn()n/
recompense
noun
/ rekmpens/
return***
noun
/rt(r)n/
risky*
adjective
/ rski/
root***
noun
1132
beattherootofsomething
phrase
salubrious
adjective
serviceindustry
noun
sewage
phrasalverb
sigh**
verb
1136
1137 sight***
1138
catchsightofsomeone/something
silk**
noun
phrase
/ru t/
/ bi t
sm/
ru t v
Itwouldberiskytoinvestallyourmoneyintheproject.
tobethemaincauseofsomething
Itsattherootofthenationstroubles.
asalubriousplaceisonethatispleasantand
comfortabletolivein
anindustrythatprovidesservicesinsteadof
producinggoods,forexamplebanks,hospitals,and
hotels
wastesubstances,especiallywastefrompeoples
bodies,removedfromhousesandotherbuildingsby
asystemoflargeundergroundpipescalledsewers
Youcouldcallthesalubrious cityofBangalore,India'sbestcityfor
business.
Shehasalengthyandsuccessfulcareerintheserviceindustry.
71
/s lu bris/
/ u t
ndstri/
p/
/sa/
/sat/
/ kt sat v
sm/
noun
slave**
noun
/slev/
1140
slavery
1141
1142 smog
noun
noun
/ slevri/
/sm/
71
Maybeitwillbeadisaster:slums,sewage,shoppingmalls.
71
ifapriceshootsup,itincreasesquicklybyalarge
amount
tobreatheoutslowlymakingalongsoftsound,
especiallybecauseyouaredisappointed,tired,
annoyed,orrelaxed
Theworldmarketpriceofgoldisshootingupfasterandmore
thanmostothercommodities.
Afterthemissusthreatenedtopunishhim,Godfrey sighedand
walkedpastherintothehall.
Hecouldneverresistthesightofgold.
Jamescaughtsightofherstandinginthedoorway.
smwn, toseesomeoneorsomethingforamomentornot
completely
thinsmoothclothmadefromthefibresproducedby Silkwasidealforoverlandtravelasitwaslight,easytocarryand
aninsectcalledasilkworm
tookuplittlespace.
/slk/
1139
161
71
/ su d/
shootup
Thereviewdescribesitasanunusualfilmwithaningeniousidea
atitsroot.
noun
1134
1135
paymentthatyougivetosomeonewhohassuffered Theairlineofferedrecompensetothepassengersintheformof
injuryorlossbecauseofyou
seatupgradesorvouchers.
aprofitonmoneythatyouhaveinvested
Wewereabletogetareturnof10%onourinvestment.
involvingthepossibilityofdanger,harm,orfailure
/ s(r)vs
1133
chosenorhappeningwithoutanyparticularmethod, Itwasjustareallyrandomsortofexperience.
pattern,orpurpose
agreementthatsomethingistrueorimportant
Ithinkwhatisvitalisrecognitionthatitsaproblem.
random**
1130
1131
73
69
73
69
66
someonewhobelongsbylawtoanotherpersonas
theirpropertyandhastoobeythemandworkfor
them
1thesystemofowningpeopleasslaves
Themomenttheslaveresolvesthathewillnolongerbea slave,
hisfettersfall.
pollutedairthatisamixtureofsmokeandfog
Theentirecityismaskedinsmokeandsmog.
68
Freedomandslaveryarementalstates.
68
71
socialsecurity*
noun
1145
solve***
verb
/slv/
spice*
noun
/spas/
stock***
noun
submissive
adjective
supplyanddemand
noun
/sb msv/
/s pla n dmnd/
1148
1149
swap*
verb
phrase
/ swp
switch***
verb
/swt/
tackle**
verb
1152
1153 take***
verb
/ tk()l/
/tek/
phrase
/al
tariff***
noun
/ trf/
timid
adjective
/ tmd/
tolerable
adjective
/ tl()rb()l/
toxic*
adjective
/ tksk/
1150
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
Illtakeit
1159
trade ***
2
1160
ifyousolveaproblem,youfindasolutionto
somethingthatiscausingdifficulties
asubstancemadefromplantsandaddedtofoodto
giveitaparticularflavour
oneoftheequalpartsintowhichthevalueofa
companyisdivided
Butitsdifficulttoseehowitcanbesolvedoreventackledin
someway.
Spiceswereveryusefulfordisguisingtheflavourofrancidmeat.
71
160
Theirstocksofammunitionwererunningdangerouslylow.
trade ***
noun
verb
tek
willingtodowhatotherpeopletellyoutodo
Hismotherwasameekandsubmissivewoman.
withoutarguing
therelationshipbetweenhowmuchofaparticular Thevalueofartisdependentonsupplyanddemand.
productisavailableandhowmuchofitpeoplewant,
andespeciallythewaythatthisaffectsthelevelof
prices
1togivesomethinginexchangefor
somethingelse
1tomovetotheplacewheresomeone
elseissittingorstanding,sothattheycanmoveto
whereyouweresittingorstanding
/swp/
swapplaces(with)
1151
Thenewprimeministerpromisestoexpandaccesstosocial
securityforthedisabled.
/stk/
1146
1147
1thesystembywhichthegovernment
regularlypaysmoneytopeoplewhodonothavea
job,orwhoaretooilloroldtowork
/ s()l skjrti/
1143
1144
Doyouwanttoswapseats?
I'dneverwanttoswapplaceswiththeRoyalFamily!
plesz w/
t/
tochangefromonethingtoanother,ortomake
Youwanttopersuadearetailertoswitchtheircustomtoyou.
somethingdothis
Butitsdifficulttoseehowitcanbesolvedoreventackledin
tomakeanorganisedanddeterminedattemptto
dealwithaproblem,oftenasocialproblemsuchas someway.
crimeorunemployment
Everythingbutonethingcanbetakenfromaman.
usedwhenbargainingtosaythatyouwillbuy
GreatpriceI'lltakeit.
something
ataxthatagovernmentchargesongoodsthatenter Tariffsareusuallyimposedonimports.
orleavetheircountry
shyandnervous
Shegavemeatimidsmile.
usedtodescribesomethingyoucantolerate,suchas
weatherthatisnottoohot
poisonousandharmfultopeople,animals,orthe
environment
theactivitiesofbuyingandsellinggoodsorservices
/tred/
tobuyorsellgoodsorservices
/tred/
Pleasantwintersandtolerablesummersmakeitapopularplace
ofresidence.
Goldcontainssmallquantitiesoftoxicmaterial.
74
71
68
67
71
72
Tradehasbeenconductedbetweendifferentgroupsorsocieties
sinceprehistorictimes.
Thinkoftwoorthreecommonlytradeditemsorcommodities.
67
67
tradebloc
1161
1162 tricky
1163
turmoil
upgrade*
noun
adjective
noun
noun
1164
urbandweller
1165
1166 value***
holdits/theirvalue
1167
1168 viable*
1169
victim***
noun
1171
1172
1173
1174
/p red/
/ hld ts, e(r)

/ vab()l/
noun
/ vktm/
noun
/we/
phrase
/ we
noun
/wns/
noun
/ kled/
acknowledge**
verb
/k nld/
advisable
adjective
attentiveness
1181
1182 be***
/d vazb()l/
/ ri /
phrase
/t z
t/
ifIwereyou...
noun
ifsomethingholdsitsvalue,itisworththesame
vlju / amountofmoneyoveralongperiod
capableofproducingaprofit
ifyouareavictimofyourownsuccess,thethings
youhaveachievedcreatenewproblems
67
73
verb
phrase
/ f a
w(r)
Imafraidthatwouldntbeviableforme.
Thepolicewithheldthenamesofthevictimsuntiltheirfamilies
couldbenotified.
Indiahasbecomeavictimofitsownsuccess.
ju /
66
73
74
71
160
68
71
69
anexpressionofpraiseandadmiration
Thisaccoladebelongstotheclam.
toacceptoradmitthatsomethingexists,istrue,oris Heneveracknowledgeshismistakes.
real
ifsomethingisadvisable,itisagoodideatodoit,
Itisadvisabletokeepyourbelongingswithyouatalltimes.
especiallyinordertoavoidproblems
78
tohavethesameopinionassomeoneelse
usedtointroduceanacceptedpoint
Doyouagreewiththeadvicegiven?
Itisgenerallyagreedthatweshouldeatlessfatandmore
vegetables.
81
theactoflisteningtoorwatchingsomething
carefully
Thisattentivenessandquietnesscanleadtothedeeperand
transformationalqualityoftheprocess.
Justtositandbeisnotthateasy.
IfIwereyou,Idseeadoctor.
den()rli ri d
/ tentvns/
/bi /, /bi/
alsobyurbandwellers.
Itsvaluedependsonhowmuchpeoplebelieveinit.
Stocksaren'tgoingtoholdtheirvalue.
tochoosetoofficiallyignorearule,right,orclaimor Idohavetochargetheinterest,butIcouldactually waivethe

nottochargeafee
penaltyfee.
Tobefreeistoliveinawaythatrespectsandenhancesthe
freedomofothers.
amethodofsolvingaproblem,orofavoidinga
Therehavebeensomeattemptstofinda wayroundtheseissues.
difficultsituation
asuddenexpressiononyourfacethatshowsyouare Hisgripwassotightthatthemissussfacecontortedintoawince.
embarrassedorfeelpain
rand/
verb
itisgenerallyagreedthat...
1180
dwel(r)/
/ vktm v j(r)
sk ses/
way***
160
someonewholivesinacityorlargetown
phrase
adjective
/wev/
wince
Tradeblocsmayregulateinternationaltradebymeansofquotas
andrestrictions.
Findingtheanswerprovedtobealittlebittricky.
Thepriceofgoldisrising,relievingthegloomandturmoilofa
worldwiderecession.
WhatIcandoisIcanofferyouanupgradeonthe5.30flight.
thefactofbeinggivenaplaneseatorhotelroom
thatisbetterthantheonethatyouhavepaidfor
verb
wayround
agroupofcountrieswithaspecialagreementabout
tradingwitheachother
difficulttodoordealwith
astateofexcitementoruncontrolledactivity
/ t(r)ml/
waive
1178
1179 agree***
1183
blk/
/ (r)bn
/ vlju /
phrase
1175 Unit7
1176 accolade
1177
/ tred
/ trki/
noun
victimofyourownsuccess
1170
usedwhengivingsomeoneadviceaboutwhatthey
shoulddo
83
83
144
beat***
/bi t/
biochemical
adjective
adjective
brain***
noun
/bren/
phrase
/ rk j(r)
1190
bringup
bringsomeoneuptodosomething
brokenhearted
1191
1192 bud*
phrasalverb
phrase
adjective
noun
/ br
/br
du
phrase
catchy
1194
1195 chugalong
claim***
1196
1197 clam
1198
1199
1200
adjective
phrasalverb
verb
noun
1203
p/
/ np
toteachachildtobehaveinaparticularwayorto
haveparticularbeliefs
extremelysad
/klem/
/klm/
/klk/
coldhearted
adjective
/ kld
commonly**
adverb
/ kmnli/
condition
verb
Juliet,brokenheartedatRomeosdeath,alsotookherownlife.
80
h(r)td/
Therosebudswillsoonblossomintobeautifulflowers.
Learninghowtorecognisewhenalowmoodisstartingmeans
wecannipitinthebudmuchearlierthanbefore.
bd/
83
ifatuneorphraseiscatchyitattractsyourattention
andiseasytoremember
tomoveslowlymakinglowsounds
tosaythatsomethingistrue,eventhoughthereis
nodefiniteproof
asmallshellfishthatcanbeeaten
tomeasureorrecordthespeedatwhichapersonor
vehicleistravelling
withnosympathyforotherpeople
Thatsongissocatchy.
Thewhalechugsalongforthebestpartofacentury.
Somepeopleclaim thatthesecrettostayingyoungistoworkless
andhavemorefun.
Atrest,aclamsheartbeatsjusttwiceperminute.
TheheartoftheEtruscanshrewhasbeenclockedatarecord
breakinghighof1,511beatsperminute.
Alltheneighboursthoughthimtobea coldheartedmanwho
neverevensmiled.
usuallyorfrequently
Itisalsocommonlysuggestedthatspecialdietsorpreventive
medicinearethekeytostayinghealthy.
ifsomeoneisconditionedbytheirexperiencesorby Weareconditionedbythemediatobelievethatourcountrys
anotherperson,theyareinfluencedbythemsothat wayoflifeisthebest.
theythinkorbehaveinaparticularway
/kn d()n/
consent**
couchpotato
noun
noun
83
Ourparentsbroughtusuptobelieveinourownabilities.
h(r)td/
/ kti/
/ t l/
verb
84
84
sm n
clock***
1201
1202
brenz/
tostopabadsituationfrombecomingworseby
takingactionatanearlystageofitsdevelopment
nipsomethinginthebud
1193
78
theorganinsideyourheadthatallowsyoutothink Whatarethebestwaystohelpababysbraindevelop?
andfeel,andcontrolsyourbody
totryveryhardtoremembersomethingortosolvea IvebeenrackingmybrainsforagoodpresentforStephanie.
problem
tolookafterachilduntilheorshebecomesanadult Whatadvicedoyouthinkshewillgiveonhowtobringupbabies?
smwn p t
sm/
/ brkn
/bd/
78
Duetotheirunderlyingbiochemicalandbiophysicalprocesses,
ourbodiesallwearoutatroughlythesamerate.
/ bafzk()l/
rackyourbrains
78
relatingtobiologicalprocessesusingthelawsof
physics
biophysical
1186
1189
/ bakemk()l/
1185
1188
ifsomeonesheartbeats,itmakesthesamesound Lifeonthisplanetbeatsoutatune.
andmovementsagainandagainasitpumpsblood
aroundtheirbody
relatingtothechemicalsubstancesandprocessesin Duetotheirunderlyingbiochemicalandbiophysicalprocesses,
livingthings
ourbodiesallwearoutatroughlythesamerate.
verb
1184
1187
89
78
78
88
84
permissiontodosomething
/kn sent/
/ kat p tet/
83
78
someonewhospendsalotoftimesittingathome
watchingtelevision
Thetwoteenagersmarriedwithouttheirparentsknowledgeor
consent.
Themetabolismofcouchpotatoesslowsdownlittlebylittle.
80
88
daydream
verb
1204
1205 deteriorate*
verb
determine**
verb
1206
disperse*
1207
1208 distracted
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
verb
adjective
/ dedri m/
/dtriret/
tospread,ortomakethingsspread,indifferent
directionsoverawidearea
notabletoconcentrateonsomething
afeelingthatyouhavewhenyouareveryunhappy,
worried,orupset
sadandfeelingthatthingswillnotgetbetter
/dsp(r)s/
/dstrktd/
noun
/dstres/
downhearted
adjective
/ dan h(r)td/
downward*
adjective
/ danw(r)d/
elusive
adjective
/lu sv/
emulate
verb
/ emjlet/
energise
verb
/ en(r) daz/
escalation
noun
/ esk le()n/
evidence***
noun
/ evd()ns/
feign
verb
/fen/
flit
tomovequicklyfromoneplacetoanotherwithout
stoppinglong
Theirbonedensityhadgraduallydeteriorated.
Whatdeterminesourbehaviourmoreourgeneticmakeupor
theenvironmentaroundus?
Soldiersfiredteargastodispersethecrowds.
Julietfeigned deathinordertoavoidanarrangedmarriagewitha
relative.
Themonkeymindistheinternalchaosthatkeepsus flittingback
andforwards,obsessingabouttheminutiaeoflife.
/flt/
foodchain
/ fu d
verb
furious**
adjective
82
88
84
82
85
83
83
78
161
83
80
83
thenaturalprocessinwhichonelivingthingiseaten Shrewsarelowinthefoodchain.
byanother,whichistheneatenbyanother,etc
noun
formulate*
WhenIgetdistracted,Isometimesdaydream.
WhenIgetdistractedIsometimesdaydream.
Thebabydependsonanattentivecaregivertohelphimdeal
withhisdistress.
Thehometeamfansalllookeddownheartedastheirteamlost
forthefifthtimeinarow.
goingtowardsalowerplaceorlevel
Themodeofminddominatedbycriticalthinkingislikelyto
provokeandacceleratedownwardmoodspirals.
anelusivepersonoranimalisdifficultorimpossible LearningtotamewhattheBuddhistscallourmonkeymindcan
tofindorcatch
befrustratingandelusive.
totrytobelikesomeoneorsomethingelse,usually Thisisnotarecordthatoneshouldaimtoemulate.
becauseyouadmirethem
tomakesomeonefeelfullofenergyorenthusiasm Thestressresponseisabouttriggeringoffaresponsetostress
thatenergisesandfocusesanindividual.
anincrease,especiallyatafastratethatcauses
Mindfulnesshelpstohalttheescalationofnegativethoughts.
problems
factsorphysicalsignsthatmightprovesomething
Thereissomeevidencethattheeconomyisimproving.
topretendtohaveaparticularfeeling
verb
1219
ten/
/ f(r)mjlet/
78
todevelopaplan,system,orproposalcarefully,
thinkingaboutallofitsdetails
Attachmenttheoryisawidelyacceptedtheoryofhuman
development,initiallyformulatedbyJohnBowlby.
JudgeRoberts'commentsprovokeda furiouspublicresponse.
usedaboutsituationsinwhichalotofdifferent
thingshappenveryfast,oneaftertheother
Livingfastandfuriousisclearlythestrategyofchoicetoensure
thatyouleaveyourmark.
85
/ fjris/
1221
fastandfurious
1222
tospendtimethinkingaboutsomethingpleasant,
especiallywhenyoushouldbedoingsomething
moreserious
tobecomeworse
tocontrolwhatsomethingwillbe
/dt(r)mn/
distress**
1218
1220
phrase
/ fst n
fjris/
78
gene**
1223
1224 inthegenes
generally***
noun
phrase
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
geneticmakeup
noun
/d netk
genetically
adverb
/d netkli/
/ hf
halt*
verb
/hlt/
hamper
verb
/ hmp(r)/
hand***
noun
/hnd/
phrase
1238
1242
Itmustbeinthegenes.
Governmentanalystsgenerallybelievethattherecessionisover.
161
84
heart***
noun
/h(r)t/
noun
noun
Whatdeterminesourbehaviourmoreour geneticmakeupor
theenvironmentaroundus?
Criminalbehaviourisculturally,ratherthangenetically
determined.
Thecelebrationswereratherhalfhearted.
adjective
/aknk/
idea***
noun
/ad/
noun
ifyouhaltsomething,orifithalts,itdoesnot
Mindfulnesshelpstohalttheescalationofnegativethoughts.
continueordevelopanyfurther
topreventsomethingfromhappeningorprogressing Ithasaverytoxiceffectontheprefrontalcortex,andsoit
normally
actuallyhampersgrowthofthepathwaysthere.
Itisnorhand,norfoot,norarm,norface,noranyotherpart
belongingtoaman.
usedforgivingtwodifferentopinionsabout
Ontheonehand,expansionwouldbegood,butontheother
handitwouldbesadtolosethefamilyatmosphere.
n something
theorganinyourchestthatmakesbloodflow
aroundyourbody
themovementorsoundofyourheartasitmakes
bloodflowroundyourbody
thespeedatwhichtheheartbeats
veryfamousandwellknown,andbelievedto
representaparticularidea
athoughtthatyouhaveabouthowtodosomething
orhowtodealwithsomething
aqualitythatmakesyoufeelasthoughsomethingis
happeningnowandthatyouareinvolvedinit
innate
adjective
intuition
noun
83
161
81
Awhalesheartistenmilliontimesthesizeofthatofashrew.
78
Youhaveaquotaofaroundonebillion heartbeats.
Howisapersonsheartratecalculated?
ShakespearesRomeoandJuliet isoneofthemosticoniclove
storiesofalltime.
Compareyourideaswithapartner.
/n hert/
/ net/
/ ntju ()n/
78
78
80
81
Theirmindsarefocusedontheimmediacyofthesituation.
/mi disi/
verb
84
h(r)td/
/ h(r)t bi t/
/ h(r)t ret/
iconic
inherit**
84
notabletofeelsympathyorotherpositiveemotions She'snotquiteashardheartedastheysay.
/ h(r)d
immediacy
1241
/ n wn hnd,
i (r) hnd/
adjective
1239
1240
h(r)td/
hardhearted
heartbeat
theindividualgenesthatcombinetoformthe
qualitiesofalivingthing
relatingtogenes
donewithnorealinterestorenthusiasm
adjective
1235
1236 heartrate
1237
mek p/
halfhearted
ontheonehand...ontheotherhand
1234
di nz/
Genesdontdetermineourlivesinanyautomaticsense.
/ den()rli/
1232
1233
/di n/
/ n
apatternofchemicalswithinacellthatcarries
informationaboutthequalitiespassedtoaliving
thingfromitsparents
passedthroughthegenes
bymostpeople,orinmostinstances
adverb
1225
1226
83
tobebornwiththesameappearanceorcharacteras
oneofyourparents
aninnatequalityorabilityisonethatyouhave
alwayshad
anabilitytoknoworunderstandsomethingthrough
yourfeelings,ratherthanbyconsideringfactsor
evidence
Shesinheritedmymothersfairskin,whereasItaneasily.
84
Mysisterseemstohaveaninnateabilitytogetonwithother
people.
Mindfulnessisamentalfaculty,likeintuitionormusicalability.
84
83
A
1243 kindhearted
1244
1245
1246
laidback
/ kand
adjective
/ led
/ le(r)di/
lifespan**
noun
/ laf spn/
1252
phrase
/ lv t
meditation
noun
/ medte()n/
metabolism
noun
milestone
1
1255
mind ***
f(r)st
sat/
noun
/ mal stn/
noun
/mand/
phrase
/ret
phrase
/ smwnz mand z,
z blk/
phrase
/bi
phrase
phrase
/bi at v j(r) mand

w wri, delsi,
b(r)dm, et set()r/
/ tend j(r) mand/
phrase
/ km t
someonesmindis/goesblank
1257
beoutofyourmind
tobeoutofyourmindwithworry,jea
1259
1260 changeyourmind
1261
1262
Butloveisblind,andloverscannotsee.
whenyoulovesomeonefromthefirsttimeyousee Thetwoteenagersfellinloveatfirstsight.
them
quietthoughtthathelpsyoutorelaxorthatis
Beginnerstomeditationwillnoticetheirmindregularly
intendedasaspiritualorreligiousexercise
wandering.
allthechemicalprocessesbywhichcellsproducethe Themetabolismofcouchpotatoesslowsdownlittlebylittle.
energyandsubstancesnecessaryforlife
cometomind
crosssomeonesmind
phrase
84
87
80
83
Learningtocopewithlossisanotherimportantdevelopmental
milestone.
Howeasydoyoufindittositinsilenceandcompletelyempty
yourmind?
Wealmostalwayscomeupwiththesamesolutionbecausegreat
mindsthinkalike.
85
82
mandz k lak/
at v j(r)
/krs
87
88
aneventorachievementthatmarksanimportant
stageinaprocess
thepartofyouthatthinks,knows,remembers,and
feelsthings
usedforsayingthatyouarebothverycleverwhen
youandanotherpersonhavethesameidea
greatmindsthinkalike
1256
1258
tonotresemblesomeoneorsomethinginanyway
IfyoulookintheunabridgedOxfordEnglishDictionary ,youllfind
over2,000wordswhichhavetheirfirstrecordedusein
Shakespeare.
Ilooknothinglikemysister.
78
/m tb lz()m/
1253
1254
Theprogramtakesalightheartedlookattheweek'sevents.
78
h(r)td/
phrase
noun
loveatfirstsight
Therecordforlethargy,however,goestoanaltogetherdifferent
classoforganism.
Theirlifespansalsodifferdramatically.
78
/lk/
/lk n lak
smwn, sm/
/lv/
looknothinglikesomeone/something
thefeelingoflackingenergyandnotwantingtodo
anything
thelengthoftimethatapersonoranimallivesoris
expectedtolive
1funnyandnotintendedtobeserious
verb
1248
1249
1250 love***
Hewasakindheartedteacherwhowillsurelybemissed.
Theremayhavebeensomelaidbackshrewsoutthereonce.
adjective
/ lat
look***
kindandgenerous
calmandrelaxed
bk/
noun
lighthearted
h(r)td/
lethargy
1247
1251
adjective
tobecrazyorconfused
Youmustbeoutofyourmindtowanttoseehimagain.
tobeextremelyworried,jealous,bored,etc
Ivebeenoutofmymindwithworry.
tochangeadecisionoranopinion
ifsomethingcomestomind,suddenlyyou
rememberitorstarttothinkaboutit
ifsomethingcrossesyourmind,itoccurstoyou
ButthatwasyesterdayIvechangedmymind!
Imafraidnothingcomestomind,though.
mand/
mand/
smwnz
usedforsayingthatsomeoneis/becomesunableto Whenheaskedmeformynumber,mymindwentcompletely
rememberorthinkanything
blank.
mand/
83
83
83
Itnevercrossedmymindthatitmightrain.
83
A
1263
getsomeone/somethingoutofyourm
phrase
havesomeone/somethinginmind
1264
phrase
haveitinmindtodosomething
1265
1266
1267
1268
phrase
setyourmindtosomething
slipyourmind
takeyourmindoffsomething
2
1269
mind ***
phrase
phrase
phrase
verb
mindyourownbusiness
1270
1271
phrase
mindyourhead
1272 nature ***

1273
phrase
noun
nurture
noun
personality***
noun
predation
noun
1274
predator**
noun
predisposition
noun
prerogative
noun
preventivemedicine
noun
/hv t n mand t
sm/
/set j(r) mand t
sm/
profligate
adjective
Whatkindofhousedidyouhaveinmind?
tointendorwanttodosomething
Wehaditinmindtotakelegalproceedingsagainstthem.
tobedeterminedtohaveorachievesomething
Youcandoitifyousetyourmindtoit.
ifsomethingslipsyourmind,youforgettodoit
Sorry,yourbirthdaycompletelyslippedmymind.
du
/ slp j(r) mand/

/tek j(r) mand f
sm/
83
83
tomakeyoustopthinkingorworryingabout
Agoodnightoutwillhelpyoutakeyourmindoffexams.
something
tofeelannoyed,upset,orunhappyaboutsomething Mindhowyouuseyourquotaofheartbeats.
/mand/
78
arudewayoftellingsomeonenottoaskquestions Heshouldmindhisownbusiness.
aboutsomethingthatyoudonotwantthemtoknow
/ mand j(r) n bzns/ about
usedtotellsomeonetobecarefulnottohittheir
Mindyourheadintheroomswiththelowceilings.
head
/ mand j(r) hed/
thebasiccharacterofapersonorananimal
Personalitydifferencesaredowntonature,notnurture.
/ net(r)/
thecareandattentiongiventosomethingor
Personalitydifferencesaredowntonature,not nurture.
someoneinordertohelpthemtodevelop
/ n(r)t(r)/
Hehasaveryoutgoingpersonalityandmakesfriendsveryeasily.
thepartofapersonthatmakesthembehaveina
particularwayinsocialsituations,forexampleina
friendlyorunfriendlyway,orinaconfidentorshy
way
/ p(r)s nlti/
therelationshipbetweentwogroupsofanimalsin
whichonespecieshunts,kills,andeatstheother
83
84
84
Livingfastandfuriousensuresshrewsleavetheirmark,before
succumbingtothepressuresofpredation.
78
ananimalthatkillsandeatsotheranimals
/ predt(r)/
/prrtv/
/prventv
1279
1280
/hv smwn,
mand/
ItsdrivingmemadIjustcantgetitoutofmymind.
83
toknowthetypeofpersonorthingthatyouwant
sm n foraparticularpurpose
/ pri dsp z()n/
1277
1278
tostopthinkingaboutsomeoneorsomething
/prde()n/
1275
1276
/et smwn, sm
at v j(r) mand/
/ prflt/
med()s()n/
Huntersstealthilystalktheirquarrywhileonguardfor predators
thatmightbestalkingthem.
thefactthatsomeoneislikelytothinkorbehaveina Wehaveallsortsofgeneticpredispositionswhichmayormay
notgetrealisedinactuallife.
particularway,orlikelytodevelopaparticular
medicalcondition
arightthataparticularpersonorgrouphas
Usethemfast,orusethemslow;thatistheprerogativeofeach
genusorspecies.
Itisalsocommonlysuggestedthatspecialdietsorpreventive
medicalexaminations,treatments,adviceetc
medicinearethekeytostayinghealthy.
intendedtopreventillnessordiscoveritbeforeit
becomesserious
wastingmoneyorotherthings
Theshrewisdeadwithinayear,havingbeenprofligatewithits
lifetimerationofheartbeats.
83
161
78
88
78
A
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
pulse**
noun
/pls/
quota**
noun
/ kwt/
regret**
verb
/rret/
retain**
verb
/rten/
ruminate
verb
/ ru mnet/
run***
verb
/rn/
1287
1289
1290
phrase
scales***
tipthescalesat...
/skelz/
phrase
/ tp
sedentary
adjective
service***
noun
shrew
noun
1296
1297
noun
/ su /
spittingimage
noun
/ spt
stalk
verb
/stk/
stealthily
adverb
/ stelli/
stress***
noun
78
78
85
81
83
Heweighedhimselfonthebathroomscales.
Thebluewhaletipsthescalesatanalarming100,000kilograms.
asedentarylifestyleinvolvesalotofsittingandnot
muchexercise
anoccasionwhenavehicleormachineisexamined
tocheckthatitworkscorrectlyandtomakerepairs
Thesedentarylifestyleofmostpeoplenowadaysisamajorcause
ofillhealth.
ThecarsinforaserviceandImnotentirelysureIdbeableto
getbackintime.
asmallanimalthatlookslikeamousewithapointed
nose
sleep
makingyoufeelmorecalmandmorerelaxedand
lessnervous,worried,orupset
someonewholooksexactlylikeanotherperson
Ashrewhasaquotaofaroundonebillionheartbeats.
78
verb
phrase
88
161
md/
Mindfulnessisaninnerforcethatliftsyoufromslumber.
Theemotionsystemsarethestressresponse,orsoothing
response,andtheprefrontalareaofthebrain.
PeoplesayImthespittingimageofmybrother.
78
83
161
84
tohuntapersonoranimalbyfollowingthem
Huntersstealthilystalktheirquarrywhileonguardforpredators
withoutbeingseen
quietlyandsecretlysothatnooneseesorhearsyou Huntersstealthilystalktheirquarrywhileonguardforpredators
aworriedornervousfeelingthatstopsyourelaxing, Alargenumberofillnessesarerelatedtostress.
caused,forexample,bypressureatworkorfinancial
orpersonalproblems
Firsttheysaidno,buteventuallytheysuccumbed.
/stres/
succumb
84
apieceofequipmentusedforweighingpeopleor
things
toweighaparticularamount
skelz t/
/ru /
/ slmb(r)/
adjective
succumbtosomeone/something
1300
fm()li/
/ sed()nt()ri/
soothing
1298
1299
/ s(r)vs/
1292
1293 slumber
1295
/ rn n
pluralnoun
1291
1294
theregularmovementofbloodastheheartpumpsit Canyoulocateyourpulse?
roundthebody
anamountofsomethingthatsomeoneisofficially
Youhaveaquotaofaroundonebillionheartbeats.
allowedtohaveordo
tofeelsorryorsadaboutsomethingthatyouhave Iregrettotellyouthatshehasfallensignificantlybehindher
saidordone
peersinhercoursework.
tokeepsomeoneorsomething
WerehenotcalledRomeo,hewouldretainthatdearperfection
whichheoweswithoutthattitle.
tothinkaboutsomethingverycarefully
Weendupoverthinking,brooding,ruminating,livinginour
heads.
You'llhavetorunifyouwanttocatchthebus.
ifsomethingsuchasaqualityordiseaserunsin
Redhairrunsinthefamily.
someonesfamily,alotofpeopleinthefamilyhaveit
runinthefamily
1288
83
83
88
/s km/
/s km t
sm/
smwn,
Shrewstrytoleavetheirmarkbeforesuccumbingtothe
toloseyourabilitytofightagainstsomeoneor
something,andtoallowthemtocontrolorpersuade pressuresofpredation.
you
78
A
1301
suggest***
verb
surely***
adverb
1302
1303 swear**
1304
takeafter
temperament
verb
phrasalverb
tempo
tenet
noun
tomakeapromisetodosomething
tolookorbehavelikeanolderrelative
Swearthatyouloveme,andIllstopbeingaCapulet.
Itakeaftermyfatherneitherofusisanygoodatsports.
triggeroff
phrasalverb
/ tr(r)
/tru /
f/
adjective
phrase
/t me
wel bi
unrequited
adjective
/ nrkwatd/
upbringing*
noun
/ p br/
wander**
verb
adjective
1317
1318 weighin
weighinat...
whale**
161
thespeedatwhichsomethinghappens
Thetempooflifevariesbothwithinthelifeofanindividualand
amongstindividualsacrosstheanimalkingdom.
aprinciple,orabelief
Itsmaintenetisthat,inordertodevelopemotionally,ababy
needsasecurebase.
Neverticklethenoseofasleepingbear.
tomoveyourfingersgentlyonsomeonesskinin
ordertogivethemapleasantfeelingortomake
themlaugh
thestateofexisting,happening,orstaying
somewhereforashortperiodoftimeonly
tomakesomethinghappen
tru /
/ wnd(r)/
/ w(r)m h(r)td/
phrasalverb
/ wr/
/ we n/
phrase
/ we n
noun
80
84
/ tent/
/ trnzins/
warring
88
78
noun
thatmaywellbetrue...
someonestemperamentistheirbasiccharacter,for Doyouthinkababystemperamentisduemainlytonatureorto
exampletheirtendencytobehappy,angryetc
nurture?
transience
adjective
1320
ft(r)/
verb
1315
1316 warmhearted
1319
/ tek
/ tk()l/
1310
1311 true***
1314
/ (r)li/, / (r)li/
/swe(r)/
/ temp/
tickle
1313
/s dest/
noun
1308
1312
Itissuggestedthatspecialdietsorpreventivemedicinearethe
keytostayinghealthy.
usedforshowingthatyoubelievesomethingisvery Surelyyourealisedwewereinwhenyousawthelightson?
likely
/ temprmnt/
1306
1309
tosaythatsomethingislikelytoexistortobetrue
noun
1305
1307
/wel/
79
Youmustallowforthetransienceofeachthought,likebubbles,
forminginapotofwater.
Differentenvironmentsandcircumstancestriggeroffagenetic
expressionofaparticulargene.
Completethesentencessothattheyaretrueforyou.
Thatmaywellbetrue,buttherearestillshortagesofteachers.
usedforagreeingwithsomeoneandthen
introducingaconflictingpoint
ifyourloveforsomeoneisunrequited,theydonot Heissufferingfromunrequitedlove.
loveyoueventhoughyoulovethem
thewaythatparentslookaftertheirchildrenand
Iputitdowntoherstrictupbringing.
teachthemtobehave
AssoonasItrytoworkmymindstartswandering.
ifyourmindorthoughtswander,youstop
concentratingandstartthinkingaboutotherthings,
especiallybecauseyouareboredorworried
friendly,kind,andgenerous
arguingorfightingwitheachother
toweighaparticularamount
t/
averylargeseaanimalthatbreathesairthrougha
holeonthetopofitshead
85
Herfamilyisjustaswarmheartedassheis.
Ittellsthetaleoftwoteenagersfromwarringfamilieswhofellin
love.
Boxersweighinafewhoursbeforetheirmatch.
Weighinginat2grams,theEtruscanpygmyshrewisoneofthe
lightestamongmammals.
Thebluewhaletipsthescalesatanalarming100,000kilograms.
83
161
82
81
84
80
78
78
wholehearted
adjective
wholeheartedsupport,agreement,effortetcis
enthusiasticandcomplete
Wewouldliketoexpressourwholeheartedsupportforthe
campaign.
1byalotofpeople,orinalotofplaces
WilliamShakespearewaswidelyregardedasthegreatestwriter
intheEnglishlanguage.
/ hl h(r)td/
1321
1322
widely***
adverb
/ wadli/
81
1323 Unit8
abstract**
adjective
/ bstrkt/
1324
accentuate
1325
1326 acclaim
verb
noun
/k sentuet/
/ klem/
phrase
/t
tocriticalacclaim
1327
acutely
1328
1329 ado
withoutfurtherado
1330
1331 airy
albeit*
adverb
noun
phrase
adjective
conjunction
1332
allege**
anchor*
verb
/ k(r)/
anthropologist
noun
/ nr pldst/
/ pld/
1338
verb
arbitrary*
adjective
/ (r)btrri/
average***
noun
/ v()rd/
phrase
/ n
onaverage
1339
1340
aweinspiring
adjective
withoutanydelay
Theytookdowntheabstractwallhangingsinthecourtrooms.
95
ItsproximitytotheParliamentHouseaccentuatesthe
architecturalaspectsofTheBeehivethatmanydisliked.
Itgainedinstantcriticalacclaimonitsopeningin1977.
Thebuildingopenedtocriticalacclaim.
95
Sowithoutfurtherado,IllhandovertoGrant.
Sowithoutfurtherado,IllhandovertoGrant.
withalotoffreshairandspace
Itwasso,soairyandspartan,apartfromtheartworks.
usedforintroducingacommentthatslightlychanges Patternisbelievedtobeeverywhere,albeithiddenfromplain
orreducestheeffectofwhatyousaidbeforeit
view.
92
162
162
162
97
tosaythatsomethingistrueorthatsomeonehas
donesomethingwrongorillegal,eventhoughthis
hasnotbeenproved
tofixsomethingfirmlysomewhere
Itisallegedthattheoppositionpartybelongstoaterrorist
organisation.
97
Hecouldimagineherlife,aproperlifeanchoredsolidtothe
ground.
someonewhostudieshumansocieties,customs,and Theprofessorhadtalkedaboutjoiningagroupofyoung
beliefs
anthropologiststoconductresearchinNepal.
topraiseadecision,action,ideaetc
SomeapplaudedthefuturisticdesignoftheNCPA.
notbasedonanyparticularplan,ornotdoneforany Itisreassuringforitpromisesaworldthatismeaningfulrather
particularreason
thanarbitrary.
theamount,level,standardetcthatistypicalofa
Incomesherearenowherenearthenational average.
groupofpeopleorthings
usedfortalkingaboutwhatisusuallytrue,although Itisaconsequenceofthefactthatonaverageyouareusuallyin
itmaynotbetrueineveryindividualsituation
theslowqueue!
v()rd/
/ n spar/
95
95
Idprobablyfeelacutelyembarrassed.
/l bi t/
/ led/
1335
1336 applaud
1337
/ kju tli/
/ du /
/w at f(r)(r)
du /
/ eri/
verb
1333
1334
krtk()l klem/
1abstractideasexistasthoughtsinthe
mind,andarenotrelatedtophysicalobjectsorreal
eventsandactions
toemphasisesomething,ortomakeitmore
noticeable
publicpraiseforsomeoneorsomething
publiclypraisedbycritics(=peoplewhosejobisto
writeorbroadcasttheiropinionsaboutthingssuch
asbooks,films,orplays)
usedforemphasisingthatafeeling,oftenan
unpleasantone,isverystrong
162
100
95
97
90
makingyoufeelgreatrespectandadmiration,and
sometimesfear
Itwasaweinspiringtohearthestoriesofsurvivalfromthe
refugees.
bang*
1344
1345
bearwithme
beauty***
beautyisintheeyeofthebeholder
bias*
/b/
/ be(r)
w/
phrase
/ be(r)
w mi/
noun
phrase
1349
1350
chance ***
anychanceof...?
byanychance
verb
/bmp/
noun
/tns/
phrase
/ eni
1352
1353
1354
(the)chancesare
afiftyfifty/anevenchance
standa(good)chanceof...
2
1355
1356
phrase
/ba
phrase
/n i
phrase
phrase
verb
chance
adjective
changeofdirection
noun
classic**
adjective
eni
tns/
tns/
1359
/ tnsz (r)/
/ ffti ffti, n i v()n
tns/
/ stnd d tns
v/
clean***
adjective
closeness
noun
91
91
usedforsayingthatdifferentpeoplehavedifferent
opinionsaboutwhatisbeautiful
anattitudethatyouhavethatmakesyoutreat
someoneinawaythatisunfairordifferentfromthe
wayyoutreatotherpeople
toaccidentallyhitpartofyourbodyagainst
something,makingithurt
thepossibilitythatsomethingwillhappen
Beautyisintheeyeofthebeholder,andwhatmaybe
horrendoustooneisasymbolofstyletoanother.
Thistypeofselfselectionisatypeofbias.
HarleyandDouglasbumpintoeachotheratthebeginningofthe
novel.
Thechance ofacoinflipcomingupheadsortailsisinvariablyfifty
fifty.
usedforaskingsomeonetogiveyousomethingordo Anychanceofsomehelp?
somethingforyou
usedwhenyouareaskingquestionstofindout
Couldyoulendmeteneurosbyanychance?
whethersomethingistrue
ifyoudosomethingontheoffchance,youdoiteven Youcouldphone,ontheoffchance.
thoughyouthinkitisunlikelytosucceed
95
90
93
91
90
90
90
usedforsayingthatsomethingislikelytohappenbut Thechancesarethatyoullbewrong.
isnotcertain
asituationinwhichthechancesofsomething
Youhaveafiftyfiftychance.
happeningornothappeningareequal
tobe(very)likelytoachievesomething
Youstandagoodchanceofwinning.
90
90
90
notplannedorexpected
/tns/
/ tend v drek()n,
darek()n/
/ klsk/
1357
1358
a v
tns v/
ontheoffchance
1351
/ bju ti/
/ bju ti z n i
bhld(r)/
/ bas/
bump*
Ifyoullbearwithme,I'lltrytoexplain.
usedasapolitewayofaskingsomeonetobepatient Ifyoullbearwithme,I'lltrytoexplain.
whileyoudoorfinishsomething
thequalityofbeingbeautifulorverygoodtolookat Hewasimpressedbyherbeautyandcharm.
noun
1348
toknockapartofyourbodyagainstsomethingwhen Shebangedintothetableandhurtherknee.
youaremoving,especiallybecauseyouarenot
lookingwhereyouaregoing
phrasalverb
1346
1347
verb
1341
1342 bearwith
1343
/kli n/
TheextractdescribesachanceencounterbetweenDouglasand
Harleyafewmomentslater.
asituationinwhichsomeonestartsdoingsomething Hewaslookingforacompletechangeofdirection.
completelynewordifferent
aclassicstyleofclothes,furniture,architectureetcis Shewasdisplayingclassicsymptomsofshock.
beautifulinaverysimplewayandwillalwaysbe
fashionable
cleanshapes,lines,ormovementsaresmooth,
TheHighCourtinChandigarhattractedpraiseforits clean
regular,ortidy
sculpturallines.
hownearsomethingistoanotherthing,especiallyin Giventheclosenessoftheschool,youshouldbeabletowalk
distanceortime
there.
/ klsns/
92
95
clumsy*
coherent*
adjective
coincidence*
noun
collide*
comprehend
verb
97
90
/k lad/
162
tounderstandsomething
Howcouldyoupossiblycomprehendthedifficultiesofmy
situation?
relatingtoideasandprinciples
Thissectionprovidesaconceptualframeworkforthetasks.
adjective
/kn septul/
conclude***
verb
/kn klu d/
consequence***
noun
/ knskwns/
conspiracytheorist
noun
/kn sprsi
1368
conspiracytheory
noun
conspirator
noun
/kn sprsi
toendortoendsomething,especiallybysomeone
sayingordoingsomething
aresultoreffectofsomething
Heconcludesbystressingthatwebsitedesignisacomplex
process.
Itisaconsequenceofthefactthatonaverageyouareusuallyin
theslowqueue!
someonewhobelievesthatagroupofpeople
Intheconspiracytheoristsworld,thereisnochanceand
secretlyworkedtogethertocauseaparticularevent coincidence.
rst/
ri/
/kn sprt(r)/
1370
convincing**
adjective
98
90
96
theideathatagroupofpeoplesecretlyworked
togethertocauseaparticularevent
someonewhosecretlymakesaplanwithanother
personorgrouptodosomethingbadorillegal,
especiallyinpolitics
somethingthatisconvincingmakesyoubelievethat
itistrueorpersuadesyoutodosomething
Conspiracytheorieswerefrequentlydiscussedattheendofthe
secondmillennium.
Appearancesaredeceptivebecauseconspiratorswishtodeceive.
97
97
Hewilldemandconvincingevidencebeforeheadoptsanew
theory
/kn vns/
1371
coverup
phrasalverb
/ kv(r)
1372
crack**
verb
/krk/
1373
crush**
verb
/kr/
1374
1375
Atitsmostextremetheresultisafantasy[world]farmore
coherentthantherealworld.
Weareimpressedbycoincidenceswithoutpausingtorecallall
noncoincidencesweneverbotheredtokeepanoteof.
ifpeopleorthingscollide,theycrashintoeachother Whentheycollided,hestaggeredbackwardsandnearlyfell.
verb
1365
1369
/ kmprhend/
conceptual
1367
inwhichallthedifferentpartsfittogetherina
sensibleorpleasingway
asituationinwhichseparatethingshappenby
chanceatthesametimeorinthesameway
/khrnt/
/knsd()ns/
1364
1366
/ klmzi/
1362
1363
aclumsypersonmovesinawaythatisnotcarefulor Sheapologisedforbeingsoclumsyafterknockingoverthevase.
graceful,andbreaksthingsorknocksagainstthem
adjective
1360
1361
deceptive
adjective
/dseptv/
p/
Thediscoverywassubsequentlycoveredup.
tohidethetruthaboutsomethingbynottelling
whatyouknoworbypreventingotherpeoplefrom
tellingwhattheyknow
todamagesomethingsothatalineorlongnarrow IfIaccidentallyknockedoveravaseinashopanditcracked,I
holeappearsonitssurface,butitdoesnotbreakinto definitelywouldntpayforit.
pieces
tohitorpresssomethingsohardthatyoudamageit WereItositonsomeoneshatbymistake,andcrushit,Id
severelyordestroyit,especiallybymakingitsshape probablyfeelacutelyembarrassed.
flatter
somethingthatisdeceptiveseemsverydifferent
Appearancesaredeceptivebecauseconspiratorswishtodeceive.
fromthewayitreallyis
96
92
92
97
A
1376
1377
decisive
adjective
dent
verb
design***
noun
distinguishing
1379
1380 domainname
noun
dreary
adjective
elaborate
verb
1383
1384
1385 enriching
1386 expand
1390
1391
1392
expandon/uponsomething
phrasalverb
adjective
verb
phrase
92
95
/dstw/
/dmen nem/
/ drri/
/lb()rt n
adistinguishingfeature,marketcmakessomeoneor Itsdistinguishingfeatureisthatallofitspiping,elevators,andso
somethingclearlydifferentfromothersimilarpeople on,areontheexterior.
orthings
anaddressontheinternet
Adomainnameisthenamegiventoyourwebsite.
makingyoufeelboredorunhappy
Wedecidedtostayinandwatchafilmbecauseofthedreary
weather.
Thepolicerefusedtoelaborateonthecircumstancesofthe
arrest.
95
162
sm/
/n ed n/
/n rt/
/k spnd/
/k spnd n, pn
sm/
farreaching
adjective
/ f(r)
fervent
adjective
/ f(r)v()nt/
flail
verb
/flel/
flatten
verb
/ flt()n/
flip
verb
ri t/
Theconspiracytheoristmustengageinaconstantprocessof
totakepartinaparticularactivity,especiallyone
thatinvolvescompetingwithotherpeopleortalking mappinghiddenconnections.
tothem
makingsomethingbetterormoreenjoyable
Itprovedtobeanenrichingexperience.
Couldyoupossiblyexpandonthat?
totalkorwritemoreaboutsomething,addingmore Irefusetoexpandanyfurtheronmyearlierstatement.
detailsorinformation
affectingalotofpeopleorthingsinanimportant
Thistypeofselfselectionisatypeofbiasthatcanhavefar
way
reachingconsequencesinscience.
veryenthusiasticandsincere,especiallyabout
Manypeoplehateit,butitalsohasitsshareofferventadmirers.
somethingyoubelieveinorsupport
tomoveyourarmsandlegsaboutinanuncontrolled Heflailedouttosteadyhimself,hittingherontheshoulder.
way
1ifsomethingflattens,orifyouflattenit, WereItositonsomeoneshatbymistake,andflattenit,Id
itbecomesflatorflatter
probablyfeelacutelyembarrassed.
2todestroysomethingcompletely
ifyouflipacoinyouthrowitintotheair,makingit Ifyouflipacoinfivetimesandgetheadseachtime,doyoustand
turnoverquickly,inordertodecideaboutanissue ahigherchanceofgettingtailsthanbefore?
/flp/
1393
forwardthinking
/ f(r)w(r)d
foundations
pluralnoun
97
101
98
90
95
162
92
91
aforwardthinkingpersonorcompanyisinventive,
makingprogressanddevelopmentapriority
adjective
1394
1395
100
IfIweretoreverseintoacarwhileIwasparking,anddentthe
bonnet,Imightleaveanote.
thewaythatsomethingismadesothatitworksina Thebuildingproveddecidedlylesspopular,bothintermsof
certainwayorhasacertainappearance
designandfunctionality.
/dent/
togivemoredetailsorinformationaboutsomething Thepolicerefusedtoelaborateonthecircumstancesofthe
arrest.
phrase
engagein
1389
Thatvisitprovedtobeadecisiveturningpointinmylife.
/lb()rt/
elaborateonsomething
1388
/dsasv/
adjective
1382
1387
makingthefinalresultofasituationcompletely
certain
topushorknockasurfaceinwards
/dzan/
1378
1381
Thebuilding,withitsbrightlycolouredsteeltubes,isforward
thinking.
k/
/fan de()nz/
162
thepartofastructureofabuildingthatisbelowthe Thefoundationsmovewhentheresanearthquake.
groundandsupportstherestofit
99
A
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
functionality
noun
/ fk nlti/
futuristic
adjective
/ fju t rstk/
gossip
verb
/ sp/
greet**
verb
/ri t/
grotesque
handout
adjective
1403
1404
1405
totalkaboutotherpeopleoraboutthingsthatare
notimportant
toreacttoanactionornewsinaparticularway
/rtesk/
apieceofpaperwithinformationonitthatisgiven
toeveryoneinagroup,especiallyaclassofstudents
noun
/ h(r)mni/
hearof
phrasalverb
/ h(r)
phrase
/hv
haveheardofsomething
hence***
adverb
heritagemuseum
noun
hideous
adjective
Thenewdesignofthebuildingwasgreetedwithoutrage.
ThePompidouCulturalCentrehasbeencalled grotesque,
monstrousorjustplainugly.
There'sahandoutgoinground,IhopeIvemadeenough.
h(r)d v
95
162
sm/
/hens/
zi m/
TheNCPAwasfeltbymanytobeoutofharmonywiththe
ForbiddenCity'simperialarchitecture.
Iwasshockedtohearofhisdeath.
toknowabouttheexistenceofsomeoneor
something
usedforintroducingsomethingthatisaresultofthe
factthathasjustbeenstated
amuseumthatfeaturestheart,traditions,and
beliefsthatasocietyconsidersimportanttoits
historyandculture
veryuglyorfrighteninginappearance
Haveyouheardofthesetheories?
94
96
Hencetheconspiracytheoristmustengageinaconstantprocess
ofmappinghiddenconnections.
HarleySavageacceptsaninvitationtosetupaheritagemuseum
inKarakarook.
97
93
Thecorpsehadahideousgrinonitsface.
/ hdis/
Withthebenefitofhindsight,it'seasytosayitwasthewrong
decision.
noun
/ han(d) sat/
withhindsight
phrase
/ w
horrendous
adjective
/hrends/
hysteria
noun
1409
impressive**
han(d) sat/
giventheopportunitytojudgeorunderstandpast
eventsusingknowledgethatyouhavegainedsince
then
extremelybadorshocking
astateofuncontrolledexcitementorextremefear
Withhindsight,saythescientists,it'sclearthattheexperiment
wasdoomedtofail.
Whatmaybehorrendoustooneisasymbolofstyleand
modernismtoanother.
Themanhadalookofhysteriaaroundthecornersofhismouth.
/hstri/
162
/m presv/
inform***
verb
95
ifsomethingisimpressive,youadmireit,forexample OneoftheNewZealandgovernmentbuildingsistheimpressive
becauseitisverygood,large,orshowsgreatskill
buildingknownasTheBeehive.
adjective
1412
1413
95
Idon'twantpeoplegossipingaboutme.
theattractiveeffectthatiscreatedwhenobjects,
coloursetccombinetogetherwell
v/
/ hertd mju
1408
1411
95
extremelyuglyandstrange
harmony**
hindsight
1410
/ hndat/
1406
1407
practicality;thequalityofachievingthepurposefor Thebuildingproveddecidedlylesspopular,bothintermsof
whichsomethingwasdesigned
designandfunctionality.
somodernthatitseemstobelongtothefuture
SomeapplaudedthefuturisticdesignoftheNCPA.
noun
1401
1402
/n f(r)m/
95
toinfluencesomethingsuchasanopinion,attitude, JohnDBarrowexamineshowmathsinformseverydaysituations.
orstyle
90
A
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1431
1432
1433
1434
innovative*
adjective
/ nvetv/, / nvtv/
insideout*
adverb
/ n sad
intention***
thebest(of)intentions
keeping
/n ten()n/
phrase
noun
inkeeping/outofkeepingwithsometh
phrase
new,original,andadvanced
withtheinsidepartfacingout
Thenewofficebuildingisoneofthemostwelldesigned,
innovativebuildingsinthearea.
Theindustriallookissortofthatkindofinsideoutuniquestyle.
aplaninyourmindtodosomething
Whatisyourintention?
at/
noun
best v n ten()nz/
/ ki p/
/ n ki p, at v
ki p w sm/
lifeenhancing
adjective
/ laf n hns/
likeness
noun
/ lakns/
lookback
phrasalverb
/ lk
162
planstodosomethinggood,whichoftendonotturn Evenwithtoparchitectsandthebestofintentions,itsstill
outaswellasexpected
possibletogetabuildingsdesignhorriblywrong.
ManyfeltthattheNCPAwasoutofkeepingwiththeForbidden
City'simperialarchitecture.
inthesamemannerorstyle/notinthesamemanner ManyfeltthattheNCPAwasoutofkeepingwiththeForbidden
orstyleassomethingelse
City'simperialarchitecture.
somethingwhichislifeenhancingmakessomeones Itprovedtobealifeenhancingexperience.
lifebetterormoreenjoyable
thequalityofbeingsimilartosomeoneorsomething Idon'tthinkshebearsalikenesstoherfather.
else
tothinkaboutatimeoreventinthepast
LookbackattheplacesyoutalkedaboutbrieflyintheWarmup.
bk/
95
95
95
101
99
minimise*
verb
/ mnmaz/
modern*
adjective
/ md(r)n/
modernism
noun
/ md(r) nz()m/
monstrous
adjective
/ mnstrs/
nationaltreasure
noun
/ n()nl
nickname
verb
/ nk nem/
odds**
pluralnoun
trer/
tomakesomethingseemmuchlessimportantthanit Wemustminimisethedamagetoinnocentcivilians.
reallyis
usingnewstylesthatareverydifferentfromthe
Thisbuildinglooksverymodern,almostfuturistic.
stylesofthepast
astyleofart,literatureetcthatdevelopedinthe
Whatmaybehorrendoustooneisasymbolofstyleand
earlypartofthe20thcentury
modernismtoanother.
verylargeandoftenuglyorfrightening
ThePompidouCulturalCentrehasbeencalledgrotesque,
monstrousorjustplainugly.
abuilding,artefact,areaetcthatisimportanttoa
Whatbuildinginyourcountrywouldyoudescribeasa national
countryshistoryorculture
treasure?
togivesomeone/somethinganinformalname
Nicknamedtheegg,theNCPAdividedopinionevenbeforeits
openingconcertin2007.
thechancesofsomethinghappening
Theoddsofgettinghitbyafallingsatelliteareverysmall.
162
95
95
94
95
/dz/
1429
1430
opinion***
opinionisdivided
noun
/ pnjn/
phrase
/ pnjn z dvadd/
outrage*
noun
/ at red/
overthetop
adjective
/ v(r)
parasol
noun
/ prsl/
theattitudeyouhavetowardssomething,especially Doyouagreewiththeopinionsofthespeakers?
yourthoughtsabouthowgooditis
usedtosaythatsomepeoplelikesomethingor
Opinionwasdividedoverthenewwingofthemuseum.
approveofit,butotherpeopledonot
astrongfeelingofangerandshockatsomethingthat ThecentreisinoneoftheoldestneighbourhoodsinParis,which
youfeeliswrongorunfair
addedtomanylocalresidentsoutrage.
morethanwhatisconsiderednormalorsuitable
Itstrikesmeasbeingratheroverthetop.
tp/
94
95
95
96
atypeofumbrelladesignedtoprovideprotection
fromthesun
Theyparkedtheircarsdefiantlyonthepedestrianwalkways
undertheparasolroof.
95
A
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
pattern***
noun
/ pt(r)n/
pedestrian*
noun
/p destrin/
piping
noun
/ pap/
plausible
adjective
/ plzb()l/
probability**
noun
/ prb blti/
profusely
adverb
prove***
verb
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
provide***
provided(that)...,providing(that)...
1453
1454
1455
verb
phrase
97
95
likelytobetrue
Itsdistinguishingfeatureisthatallofitspiping,elevators,andso
on,areontheexterior.
Abombwastheonlyplausibleexplanationforthecrash.
ameasureofhowlikelysomethingistohappen
Theprobabilityofrainonthenextsimilardaywillbe80/100.
ifyouapologiseprofusely,youtellsomeonethatyou
aresorrymanytimes
ifsomethingprovestohaveaparticularquality,
thingshappenthatshowithasthatquality
IfIhappenedtotripandspillcoffeeoversomeone,Idapologise
profusely.
Thebuildingproveddecidedlylesspopularwiththehighcourt
judges.
92
95
Ourofficecanprovideinformationonthelocalarea.
/pr vad/
/pr vadd t,
pr vad t/
onlyifaparticularthinghappensorisdone
Providingthatwestayinthisqueue,wemightbeOK.
91
tocauseareaction,especiallyanangryone
verb
/pr vk/
proximity
noun
/prk smti/
put***
verb
/pt/
Thefollowingfourbuildingsallprovokedstrongreactionswhen
theywerefirstbuilt.
hownearsomethingistoanotherthing,especiallyin Partofitsproblemwasitsproximitytotheneighbouring
distanceortime
EdwardianneoclassicalParliamentHouse.
tosayorwritesomethinginaparticularway
Putthemintothreegroups:neutral,positiveandnegative.
95
95
95
radical**
adjective
/ rdk()l/
randomness
noun
/ rndmns/
recap
verb
/ ri
recover***
verb
noun
/rkv(r)/
/rret/
phrase
/hv
reverse**
verb
/rv(r)s/
rip**
verb
/rp/
rocketscience
noun
/ rkt
havenoregrets
Becausetheconspiracistsworldhasnoroomforaccident,
patternisbelievedtobeeverywhere.
Theareaisopentocyclistsandpedestrians.
91
/pr fju sli/
provoke**
1450
1451 regret*
1452
aseriesofactionsoreventsthattogethershowhow
thingsnormallyhappenoraredone
someonewhoiswalking,especiallyinatownorcity,
insteadofdrivingorriding
asystemoflongtubes,especiallyinabuilding
/pru v/
1441
1442
kp/, / ri
n rrets/
sans/
kp/
aradicalchangeorwayofdoingsomethingisnew Thisinvitationmarkedaradicalchangeindirectionthatwould
andverydifferentfromtheusualway
continueforyearstocome.
absenceofanyparticularmethod,pattern,or
Aconspiracistworldviewimpliesauniversegovernedbydesign
purpose
ratherthanbyrandomness.
todescribewhathasalreadybeendoneordecided, We'lljustrecapbrieflyonwhatwedid.
withoutrepeatingthedetails
togetsomethingagainthatyoulostorthatsomeone In1947,aUFOwasrecoveredatRoswellairbase,NewMexicoby
stolefromyou
theAmericanarmy.
Whatregrets,ifany,doyouhave,andwhy?
tohavenofeelingsofsadnessaboutsomethingthat Ihavenoregretsaboutgettingmarriedatayoungage.
youhavesaidordone
togobackwardsinavehicle,ortomakeavehicledo IfIweretoreverseintoacarwhileIwasparking,anddentthe
this
tomakeaholeinsomethingusingforce
Jodierippedtheletteropen.
adifficultactivitythatyouneedtobeintelligentto
doorunderstand
IhopeIvedemonstratedthatdesigningawebsiteisnot rocket
science.
100
97
96
101
92
162
itsnotrocketscience
1456
1457 rumoured
1458
1459
1460
1461
salt**
thesaltoftheearth
sceptical*
scepticalabout
scrape*
phrase
adjective
/ts nt rkt
/ ru m(r)d/
noun
/slt/
phrase
adjective
/ skeptk()l/
phrase
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
sans/
(r)/
/ skeptk()l bat/
usedtoshowthatyoudonotthinkanactivityis
difficultatall
reportedbutnotdefinitelytrue
IhopeIvedemonstratedthatdesigningawebsiteisnotrocket
science.
Theheadofstateisrumouredtobedead.
Addapinchofsalt.
anordinarypersonwhoisrespectedbecausethey
arehonestandgood
Douglasstoodwiththecurtaininhishand,watchingher,asaltof
theearthtype.
Althoughcriticswerescepticalatfirst,thefilmprovedtobevery
popular.
Howtrustingorscepticalareyouabouttheresultsofscientific
datainarticlesoronwebsites?
You'llhavetoscrapethewallsbeforeyoupaintthem.
havingdoubtsaboutsomethingthatotherpeople
thinkistrueorright
toinjureapartofyourbodyordamagesomething
byrubbingitagainstaroughsurface
162
97
162
95
90
/skrep/
1todamageasurfacebymarkingitwith
somethingsharporrough
obvious,andthereforenotneedinganyexplanation
scratch*
verb
/skrt/
selfevident
adjective
/ self
shadowy
adjective
/ di/
shatter*
verb
/ t(r)/
sleepy*
adjective
/ sli pi/
slip***
verb
/slp/
smash**
verb
/sm/
spark*
verb
evd()nt/
IfIweretoreverseintoacarwhileIwasparking,andscratchthe
Thetermconspiracyhasoftenbeenleftundefined,asthoughits
meaningwereselfevident.
mysteriousandsecret,ornotunderstood
TheAmericanpresident,JohnFKennedywasassassinatedbya
shadowyorganisation.
tobreaksomethingsuddenlyintoalotofsmall
IfIaccidentallyknockedoveravaseinashopanditshattered,I
pieces
definitelywouldntpayforit.
asleepyplaceisveryquietanddoesnothavemuch HarleySavagesetsupaheritagemuseuminKarakarook,a sleepy
activity
townintheAustralianoutback.
ifyouslip,yourfeetslideaccidentallyandyoulose IfIhappenedtoslipandspillcoffeeoversomeone,Idapologise
yourbalanceorfallover
profusely.
tobreaksomethingnoisilyintomanypiecesby
IfIaccidentallyknockedoveravaseinashopandsmashedit,I
droppingorhittingitwithalotofforce
definitelywouldntpayforit.
tomakesomethinghappen,especiallysomething
Thecostofthebuildinglikemanyothermajorarchitectural
involvingviolenceorangryfeelings
projectsalsosparkeddebate.
/sp(r)k/
1470
1471
slt v i
verb
1462
1463
squash
verb
stone***
noun
beastonesthrow(away)fromsomet
strike***
strikesomeoneassomething
stumble*
phrase
verb
phrase
verb
/skw/
92
97
96
92
93
92
92
95
todamagesomethingbypressingorcrushingitand WereItositonsomeoneshatbymistake,andsquashit,Id
makingitloseitsnormalshape
probablyfeelacutelyembarrassed.
Childrenthrewstonesathim.
92
/stn/
/bi stnz r
we frm sm/
tobeveryclosetosomething
Thetitaniumandglassdomesetinanartificiallakeisjusta
stonesthrowfromtheancientForbiddenCity.
Itwasthenthatthethoughtstruckher.
95
/strak/
/ strak smwn z
sm/
/ stmb()l/
tomakesomeonehaveaparticularopinionor
Itstrikesmeasbeingcompletelyridiculous.
feeling
tofalloralmostfallwhileyouarewalkingorrunning IfIhappenedtostumbleandspillcoffeeoversomeone,Id
apologiseprofusely.
96
92
A
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
suppose***
suppose/supposing(that)...
verb
phrase
/s pz, s pz
t/
/tred/
trip**
verb
/trp/
turnto
phrasalverb
/ t(r)n
turningpoint
noun
ventilation
1usedforintroducingapossiblesituation Supposingthatwegetinthatqueue,willitbequicker?
oractionandtheresultsofit
2usedforsuggestingsomething
Tutilokepthiseyesonthecobbles,treadingcarefully.
towalkorsteponsomething
tu /
/ t(r)n pnt/
/ju ni k/
IfIhappenedtotripandspillcoffeeoversomeone,Idapologise
profusely.
tostartdoingsomethingnewordifferentfromwhat Let'sturnnowtothefeaturesofagoodwebsite.
youweredoingbefore
atimewhenanimportantchangetakesplaceina
Thatvisitprovedtobeadecisiveturningpointinmylife.
situation,especiallyonethatmakesitbetter
notthesameasanythingoranyoneelse
themovementoffreshairaroundaroomor
building,orasystemthatallowsthistohappen
Ithoughtthattheywereallquiteunique.
Therewasntventilationorartificiallighting.
alossofbalance,orafeelingthatthingsaroundyou
arespinning,oftenbecauseyouareinaveryhigh
place
apaththathasbeenbuiltforpeopletowalkalong,
especiallyonethatisabovegroundleveland
connectstwobuildings
tomakesomethinghappenbywishingforitvery
strongly
apartofabuildingthatsticksoutfromthemain
part,especiallyonewithaparticularpurpose
Henoticessmokecomingfromtheroomand,overcominghis
vertigo,heclimbsintorescuethequilt.
/ ventle()n/
vertigo
noun
/ v(r)t/
1486
walkway
noun
will**
verb
/ wk we/
1487
wing***
91
tohityourfootonsomethingandfalldown
noun
1485
/s pz/
verb
adjective
Isupposeshemustbedelightedaboutgettingthejob.
tread*
1483
1484 unique***
1488
/wl/
verb
92
162
100
162
99
93
Theyparkedtheircarsdefiantlyonthepedestrian walkways
undertheparasolroof.
95
Anythingthathappensoccursbecauseithasbeen willed.
97
I'llhavetowingitifIcan'tfindmynotes.
/w/
1489
1490 Unit9
noun
accordingly*
adverb
/ k(r)dli/
1493
activate*
verb
/ ktvet/
1494
alienate
verb
/ elinet/
1495
assemblyline
noun
Thebeesbody,especiallytheabdomen,wagsvigorouslyfrom
sidetosideduringthestraightlinecourseofthedance.
/ bdmn/
1491
1492
thebackpartofthethreepartsintowhichan
insectsbodyisdivided
abdomen
163
asaresultofsomething
/ sembli
lan/
Noformalcomplaintwasmade;accordingly,thepolicetookno
action.
tomakeapieceofequipmentoraprocessstart
Antsfindtheirwaytofoodandbacktotheirnestsbystoringand
working
activatingmemoryimages.
tomakesomeonedislikeyou,ornotwanttohelpor Theircampaignhasalienatedthepublic.
supportyou
asystemformakingproductsinafactoryinwhich Atthebeginningofthelastcentury,thetractorandthe assembly
eachworkerormachineisresponsibleforaddingor linerevolutionisedtheAmericaneconomy.
checkingaparticularpart
128
105
A
1496
assertive
automobile
1500
adjective
nounmainlyA
/ bk nd
badform
noun
/ bd
bee**
noun
bouncealong
noun
/ k(r)
1510
1511
pu l
chaos**
noun
/ kes/
childcare
noun
verb
/ tald ke(r)/
/kl/
phrase
/kl rand
1505
1506 coil
1509
f(r)m/
/ bans l/
carpoolscheme
1508
f(r)/
phrasalverb
1503
coilaroundsomething
collide*
verb
/k lad/
colony**
noun
/ klni/
commute
noun
/k mju t/
conceive**
verb
/kn si v/
congestion
noun
congestioncharge
1513
consequently**
noun
/kn dest()n
adverb
/ knskwntli/
163
Beforethedustkickedupbythebicycleshadevensettled,the
wholeorderwastoppledagainbytheautomobile.
ski m/
He'sbrokenhisback,buthe'sstillalive.
movingfirstinonedirectionandthenintheopposite Switchingbackandforthfromoneactivitytoanotheris
directionmanytimes
uncomfortable.
behaviourthatpeopledonotlikebecauseitbreaksa Itsverybadformtoleavetheofficebeforethebossdoes.
socialrule
Aflyinginsectthathasblackandyellowbandsand Thebees pouredout,rushingupallofasuddeninspiralsofchaos
canstingyou.Beesmakehoney,andbeesthatare andnoise.
notwildliveinhives.Thesoundabeemakesis
writtenasbuzz.
Augustbentoverthehive,inspectingtheframes,thehalfmoon
ifaperson,objectorvehiclebouncesalongoris
shapeofherhelmetbouncingalong.
bouncedalong,theymoveupanddownasifthey
areonsprings
asystemwhereagroupofcarownersagreetotravel Shedoesn'tdriveeverydaybecauseshetakespartinher
togethertowork,collegeetcsothatonlyonecaris company'scarpoolscheme.
usedeachtime
asituationinwhicheverythingisconfusedandina Thebeespouredout,rushingupallofasuddeninspiralsof chaos
mess
andnoise.
thejoboflookingafterchildren,especiallywhile
Thereisvirtuallynochildcareprovisionforworkingmothers.
theirparentsareworking
Acolumnofsmokewascoilingslowlyupintotheair.
tomoveinacurvetightlyaroundsomething
Mybreathcamefasterandsomethingcoiledaroundmychest.
sm/
163
105
108
109
108
105
109
ifpeopleorthingscollide,theycrashintoeachother Abeeflewstraightatmyforehead,collidedwiththenetand
bumpedagainstmyskin.
agroupofanimalsorbirdsofthesametypethatlive Whenabeereturnstothecolonywithnectarorpollen,she
inthesamearea
performsadanceonthesurfaceofthehoneycomb.
thejourneytoandfromworkeveryday
LeemakesatwohourcommuteintoSeoultostartworkat
8.30am.
tothinkofsomethingsuchasanewidea,plan,or
IntheWest,timeistypicallyconceivedofaslinear,moving
design
forwardrelentlessly.
asituationinwhichaplaceiscrowdedwithpeople CongestioninLhasaisjustasbadasthatinCaracas.
orvehicles,sothatitisdifficulttomovearound
/kn dest()n/
1512
1514
Youneedtobeabitmoreassertive,youknow.
106
/bi /
1502
1507
/ s(r)tv/
phrase
backandforth
behavinginaconfidentwayinwhichyouarequick
toexpressyouropinionsandfeelings
acar
/ tm bi l/
/bk/
1501
1504
noun
1497
1498 back***
1499
108
163
105
163
107
apaymentthatdriversmakeeachdayfortheright
todriveintoacitycentre,introducedasawayof
t(r)d/ reducingtraffic
asaresult
Thereisafinefornotpayingthedailycongestionchargewithin
24hours.
Consequently,cyclistschanceofinjury,especiallyonpoorlylit
streets,isgreatlyincreased.
112
consider**
1515
1516 considerably**
1517
1518
1519
1520
verb
adverb
verb
/ knsttju t/
constrict
verb
/kn strkt/
contrivance
noun
/kn trav()ns/
creep*
verb
/kri p/
crucial***
adjective
cyclical
adjective
debut
verb
desirable**
adjective
1527
1528
/ sklk()l/
usedforsayingthatyouwouldlikesomethingto
happen
adevelopingcountryispooranddoesnothave
manyindustries
/dzarb()l/
diplomacy
noun
/dplmsi/
discover***
verb
/dskv(r)/
distracting
adjective
/dstrkt/
distribute**
verb
/dvelp
drudgery
noun
dust**
noun
105
107
109
164
106
113
Intraditionalagriculturalsocieties,timeisoftenexperiencedas
cyclical,orspiral.
Whenthefirstelectriccardebutedinmidnineteenthcentury
England,thespeedlimitwashastilysetat4milesperhour.
163
Doyouthinkafourhourdayisfeasible,ordesirable?
104
Aconsiderablenumberofshorthoursworkersin developingand
transitioncountriesmaybeunderemployed.
105
theabilitytodealwithpeopleinasensitivewaythat Well,thatallsoundsverygood,multitaskinganddiplomacyand
doesnotupsetoroffendthem
tact.
tofindoutsomethingthatyoudidnotknowbefore Thetwomendecidedtodiscoverthetruthforthemselves.
Switchingbackandforthfromoneactivitytoanotheriswasteful
anddistracting.
togivesomethingsuchasfood,clothes,ormoneyto Afterthedancesheoftendistributesfoodtothebeesfollowing
her.
agroupofpeople,especiallysothateachperson
getsanequalshare
boringandunpleasantworkthatyouhavetodo
Thecomputerhasopenedgloriousopportunitiesforafurther
reductionofourdrudgery.
verysmallpiecesofdirtthatcoversurfacesinside
Beforethedustkickedupbythebicycleshadevensettled,the
buildingslikeapowder
wholeorderwastoppledagainbytheautomobile.
163
preventingyoufromconcentratingonsomething
/ drdri/
/dst/
letthedustsettle
/ let
163
163
105
106
toallowasituationtobecomecalmornormalagain Let'sjustletthedustsettlebeforewedecidewhattodo.
aftersomethingexcitingorunusualhashappened
phrase
Itiscrucialthatthisshouldbedone.
kntri/
/dstrbju t/
1531
1532
Ifyouthoughtyouworkedlonghours,consider39yearoldLee
fromSouthKorea.
Carsareconsiderablyfasterthantheyusedtobe.
Inessence,thedancesconstitutealanguagethattellsother
workerswherethefoodsourceis.
Ithinkitwasconstrictingme,holdingmebackfromwhatIcould
reallyachieve.
Anewfangledcontrivancecamealongthatupsetthefragile
balanceoftraffic:thebicycle.
Icreptdownstairswheneveryonewasasleep.
106
noun
1529
1530
acomplicatedmachineorpieceofequipment
designedforaparticularpurpose
ifsomethingsuchasfire,thesun,orfogcreeps
somewhere,itmovesslowly
somethingthatiscrucialisextremelyimportant
becauseithasamajoreffectontheresultof
something
cyclicaleventshappenagainandagaininthesame
orderoratthesametimes
toperformorbeperformedinpublicforthefirst
time
/ kru ()l/
developingcountry
1525
1526
tohaveaparticularopinionaboutsomeoneor
something
alot
ifsomethingconstitutessomethingelse,itis
consideredtobethatthing
tolimitwhatsomeoneisableorallowedtodo
/ debju /
1523
1524
/kn sd(r)/
/kn sd()rbli/
constitute**
1521
1522
dst
set()l/
tomakeasound
emit
verb
/mt/
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
employment***
casualemployment
end***
makeendsmeet
1540
1541
essence**
inessence
eye***
/m plmnt/
phrase
/ kul m plmnt/
noun
/end/
phrase
/ mek endz mi t/
phrase
/r smwn
di p end/
noun
/ es()ns/
phrase
/ n
noun
/a/
1544
1545
byfar...,farandaway...
fatality
/ hv j(r)
smwn/
/f(r)/
phrase
/ ba f(r),
we/
feedback**
noun
figureofeight
1550
1551
1552
a n
f(r) nd
/f tlti/
/ fi dbk/
1547
1548 findout
noun
phrasalverb
workthatyouarepaidregularlytodoforapersonor ThereareplentyofemploymentopportunitiesintheITsector.
company
workthatisnotregularorpermanent
Hesupportedhimselfthroughcasualemploymentwhile
travellingduringhisgapyear.
Thewomanwillheartheoutcomeoftheinterviewatthe endof
theday.
tohavejustenoughmoneytobuythethingsthat
Oneinfiveworkersaroundtheworldisworkingmorethan48
youneed
hoursaweek,oftenmerelytomakeendsmeet.
tomakesomeonedealwithsomethingdifficult
Wewouldntthrowyoucompletelyinatthedeepend,wedlike
withoutpreparingthemforit
youtobecomefamiliarwiththemaintasksandduties.
105
110
105
164
noun
1546
1549
n t
es()ns/
phrase
adverb
haveyoureyeonsomeone
1542
1543 far***
163
noun
throwsomeoneinatthedeepend
1538
1539
Thisvibrationofthebodyproducesatailwaggingmotion,andat
thesametime,thebeeemitsabuzzingsound.
/ f(r) v et/
/ fand at/
finetune
verb
/ fan
forage
verb
/ frd/
forehead**
noun
/ frd/, / f(r) hed/
frame**
noun
/frem/
tju n/
Theessenceoftheirargumentisthatlifecannotbeexplainedby
science.
Inessence,thedancesconstitutealanguagethattellsother
usedforemphasisingwhatisthemostimportant
featureofsomething
IusuallygetarashifIeatthemandsymptomssimilartoacold,
likewateryeyesandarunnynose.
tobewatchingsomeonecarefully,especiallybecause Whentheybumpyourforehead,theyresayingI vegotmyeye
youthinktheyaregoingtodosomethingwrong
onyou,soyoubecareful.
alongdistance
usedforsayingthatsomethinghasmuchmoreofa
particularqualitythananythingelse
adeathcausedbyanaccident,war,violence,or
disease
commentsabouthowwellorhowbadlysomeoneis
doingsomething,whichareintendedtohelpthem
doitbetter
theshapeofthenumber8
todiscoverafactorpieceofinformation
tomakesmallchangestosomethinginorderto
makeitasgoodoraseffectiveaspossible
tosearchinawideareaforsomething,especially
food
theupperpartofyourfacebetweenyoureyesand
yourhair
astructurethatformspartofanobjectandgivesit
itsstrengthandshape
Carsarealotfasterthantheyusedtobe.
Motorwaysarebyfartheworstroadsintermsoftrafficfatalities.
109
164
109
107
107
Motorwaysarebyfartheworstroadsintermsoftraffic fatalities.
107
WillIreceivefeedbackfromthisinterview?
110
Thewaggledancermakesasemicircleintheoppositedirection
tocompleteafullfigureofeightcircuit.
Imtryingtofindoutwherethatwaspwent.
Bats'earsandbraincellsarefinetunedtohearminimal
differencesinsound.
Birdsthatforage forfoodinflocksarelesslikelytomigrate,asare
birdsthatliveinallyearclimates.
Abeeflewstraightatmyforehead,collidedwiththenetand
bumpedagainstmyskin.
Augustpulledoutthebroodframes,notevenwearinghergloves.
163
109
131
131
108
109
A
1553
1554
frenetic
adjective
/fr netk/
fritteraway
phrasalverb
/ frt(r) we/
funnel
noun
/ fn()l/
1555
gasoline
1556
1557 get***
getannoyed/bored/stressed,etc
1558
1559 getsomethingdone
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
gettodosomething
getsomeonetodosomething
gettoschool/work,etc
nounAmerican
/ sli n/
/et/
verb
/ et nd, b(r)d,
strest, et set()r/
phrase
/et sm dn/
phrase
phrase
phrase
phrase
1571
1572
1573
/ et t du
sm/
/et smwn t du
sm/
/ et t sku l, w(r)k,
et set()r/
glorious*
adjective
/ lris/
growup
phrasalverb
/ r
hardly***
adverb
/ h(r)dli/
headlong***
adverb
/ hed l/
helipad
noun
/ heli pd/
highway
nounAmerican
/ hawe/
hitchhiker
noun
p/
doneveryfastandwithalotofenergy,oftenby
someonewhoisinahurry
towastetimeormoneyonthingsthatarenot
necessaryorimportant
atubethatiswideatthetopandnarrowatthe
bottom,usedforpouringliquidorpowderintoa
container
petrol(=aliquidusedasfuelforcarsandother
vehicles)
tostarttobeannoyed,bored,stressed,etc
Thepaceoflifeinpolychromicsocietiesistypicallylessfrenetic
andmorerelaxed.
Overthenextyearhefritteredawayallhiswinnings.
hive
noun
holdback
phrasalverb
/ hld
hone
verb
/hn/
honey*
noun
/ hni/
163
Iwatchedthefunnelofbeesformdifferentshadowsonthe
ground.
109
Howfarcanyougoonatankfulofgasoline?
Leegetsjustthreedaysofvacationayear.
IfinditalittlebitdifficultIsupposeifpeoplegetveryaggressive.
todosomething,ortohaveitdoneforyou
Inyourhousehold,whogetsthingsorganised?
tohavetheopportunityorbeabletodosomething Inyourjob,doyouevergettotravelabroad?
105
163
104
104
tomakesomeonedosomething,ortopersuade
themtodoit
toarriveatschool/work,etc
Doesyourbossevergetyoutoworkovertime?
104
Themajorityofcommutersusethetrainto gettowork.
149
agloriousopportunityisanexcellentone
Thecomputerhasopenedgloriousopportunitiesforafurther
reductionofourdrudgery.
tochangefrombeingababyoryoungchildtobeing WhenIwasgrowingup,Ilovedtocollectcreepycrawlies.
anolderchildoradult
usedforsayingthatsomethingisalmostnottrueor Thereishardlyanyroomontheroadshereformoretraffic.
almostdoesnothappenatall
veryquicklyandwithoutlookingwhereyouaregoing Modernliferemainsaheadlongrushintolongcommutes,two
incomefamilies,andlatenightsatwork.
aflatareaforhelicopterstolandonandtakeoff
InSoPaulo,thewealthyshuttlebetweenthecitysmorethan
from,oftenontopofabuilding
threehundredhelipads.
awideroadbuiltforfasttravelbetweentownsand Hewaschargedwithobstructingthepublichighway.
cities
someonewhotravelsbyaskingotherpeopletotake DesperateIndonesiansworkascarjockeys,hitchhikerswhoare
paidtohelpdriversmeetthepassengerquota.
themintheircar,bystandingatthesideofaroad
andholdingouttheirthumborasign
/ hthak(r)/
1569
1570
105
109
149
105
107
107
acontainerinwhichbeesliveandmakehoney
Remember:donttakeofftheveilwhenyourenearthe hive.
tostopsomeonefrombeingassuccessfulasthey
should
toimproveaskillortalentthatisalreadywell
developed
asweet,stickyyelloworbrownfoodmadebybees
Ithinkitwasconstrictingme,holdingmebackfromwhatIcould
reallyachieve.
Ithinkthatajoblikethiswouldhonemyskillsabit,youknow,be
agoodplacetostart.
Sheneverputsongloveswhenshecollectshoney.
/hav/
109
bk/
164
163
109
honeycomb
1574
1575 hop
1576 hour*
1577
longhours
idle
noun
verb
noun
/ hni km/
/hp/
/ a(r)/
phrase
/ l
1579
1580 infinitely
inflect
verb
adverb
1585
verb
/n vent/
item***
noun
/ atm/
jobsecurity
noun
/ db skjrti/
juggle
verb
/ d()l/
licenseplate
nounAmerican
/ las()ns
light***
1590
1591
verb
adjective
adjective
/ lni(r)/
location***
noun
/lke()n/
magneticfield
noun
/mnetk
makeup
phrasalverb
/ mek
1594
manners***
good/badmanners
plet/
/lat/
/lmp/
linear*
1592
1593
/ ndket/
/ nfntli/
invent**
1587
1588 limp
163
109
102
105
107
/n flekt/
1586
1589
a(r)z/
verb
1581
1584
/ ad()l/
indicate***
1583
astructurewithalotofholes,thathoneybeesmake Thedancesareperformedbyaworkerbeethathasreturnedto
tostorehoneyin
thehoneycombwithpollenornectar.
tomoveforwardbyjumpingononefoot
Kangaroosdontwalk,theyhop.
Howmanyhoursaweekdoyouwork?
alongworkingday,startingearlyandfinishinglate Ifyouthoughtyouworkedlonghours,consider39yearoldLee
fromSouthKorea.
ifanengineidles,itrunsslowlyanddoesnot
TheoldimagesofRussianswaitinginlinehavebeenreplacedby
produceanymovement
imagesofidlingcarsstuckinheavycongestion.
verb
1578
1582
fi ld/
p/
pluralnoun
/ mn(r)/
phrase
/ d,
bd
toshowthatsomethingwillhappen,istrue,orexists Theorientationofthedancingbeeindicatestotheotherbees
wherethefoodsourceis,relativetotheSun.
very,orverymuch
Carsareinfinitelyfasterthantheyusedtobe.
Traffichasbecomeauniversalcondition,inflectedwithregional
tochangethesoundofyourvoicewhenyouare
accents.
speaking,forexampletoemphasiseaparticular
word
tomakeupastory,excuseetcthatisnottrue
Canyouthinkoforinventnewwordsorexpressionsinyour
languagebycombiningwordswithing?
anindividualthing,usuallyoneofseveralthingsina Thedancerspellsouttwoitemsofinformation.
grouporonalist
theknowledgethatyourjobispermanentaslongas Youngadultsarefrustratedwiththelackofjobsecurity
youwantittobe
nowadays.
totrytodoseveralimportantthingsatthesame
Whenyoureamum,youhavetoalsojugglealotofthings.
time,especiallywhenthisisdifficult
Witnesseswrotedownthelicenseplatenumberofthehitand
anofficialsignonthefrontandbackofamotor
rundriver.
vehicle,withnumbersandlettersonitthatshow
whoitbelongsto
ifabird,insect,orotherflyingcreaturelightson
Thebeesbegantolightonmyshouldersthewaybirdssiton
something,itfliesontoitandstopsthere
telephonewires.
notfirm,stiff,orstrong
Ifeltmyselfgolimp.
involvingideasoreventsthataredirectlyconnected IntheWest,timeistypicallyconceivedofaslinear,moving
andfollowoneaftertheother
theplaceorpositionwheresomeoneorsomethingis Shemayrepeattherounddanceseveraltimesatthesame
orwheresomethinghappens
location.
anareathatthepowerofamagnetaffects
Maturesalmonfindtheirwaybacktotheirbirthstreamusing
theirabilitytodetecttheEarthsmagneticfield.
toinventastory,oranexplanationforsomething, Inessence,thedancesmakeupalanguagethattellsother
especiallyinordertoavoidbeingpunishedor
embarrassed
traditionallyacceptedwaysofbehavingthatshowa Childrenlearnmannersbyobservingtheirparents.
politerespectforotherpeople
theright/wrongwaytobehave
It'sbadmannerstointerruptsomeone.
mn(r)z/
109
107
107
111
109
163
109
109
163
109
131
109
maternityleave
/m t(r)nti
mentor1
mentor
verb
migrate*
verb
motion***
multitasking
noun
/ mlti tsk/
navsystem
noun
/ nv
nectar
noun
/ nekt(r)/
/ nv()l/
1602
1603 novel**
1605
1606
adjective
/nju
orientation
noun
/ rin te()n/
oversee
verb
/ v(r) si /
overwork
verb
/ v(r) w(r)k/
/ prmant/
/v prmant
m p(r)t()ns/
ofparamountimportance
parkandridescheme
1610
1611
1612
parkinglot
paternityleave
pollen
1613
adjective
sstm/
nutritious
1607
1608 paramount
1609
105
adjective
phrase
110
tohelpsomeonewhohaslessexperiencethanyou,
especiallyintheirjob
ifabirdoranimalmigrates,ittravelstoanotherpart
oftheworldforwarmerweatherataparticulartime
oftheyear
theprocessoractionofmoving
I'vebeenmentoringteenagersatacommunitycentreandhave
foundittobeveryrewarding.
Birdsmigratetoothercountriesinordertofindaplentifuland
reliablefoodsupply.
131
Thisvibrationofthebodyproducesatailwaggingmotion.
/ m()n/
noun
1600
1604
/ ment(r)/
/maret/
1598
anexperiencedpersonwhohelpssomeonewhohas WhenIfirststart,willIbegivenamentortooverseemy
lessexperience,especiallyintheirjob
development?
/ ment(r)/
1601
Mostwomentakematernityleave.
li v/
noun
1596
1599
timebeforeandafterthebirthofababywhena
womanisallowedtobeawayfromherjob
noun
1595
1597
trs/
163
theactivityofdoingmorethanonethingatthesame Imquitegoodatmultitasking,andImgoodatdealingwith
people.
time,suchastalkingonthephonewhileyouare
workingonacomputer
navigationsystem:asystemforfindingthebestway Professionalroadguides,willjumpintoonescarandprovide
directionsahumannavsystem.
toaplace
asweetliquidthatsomeflowersmakeandthat
Thedancesareperformedbyaworkerbeethathasreturnedto
insectsandbirdsdrink
thehoneycombwithnectar.
new,orunusual
Thebicyclewasaanovelandcontroversialmachine.
nutritiousfoodsprovidethesubstancesthatpeople Thebeeperformsadancewhenshereturnswithnectarorpollen
needinordertobehealthy
thatissufficientlynutritious.
thepositionofanobject,orthedirectioninwhichit Theorientationofthedancingbeeissignificantbecauseit
ispointing
representstheangleoftheSun.
towatchsomethinginordertocheckthatitworksor WhenIfirststart,willIbegivenamentortooverseemy
happensinthewaythatitshould
development?
tomakesomeoneworkharderthanisreasonable
Staffcomplainedthattheywerebeingoverworked.
moreimportantthanallotherthings
163
107
163
106
163
109
110
Theinterestsofthechildareparamount.
Itisofparamountimportancethatthisshouldbedone.
113
atransportsysteminwhichdriversleavetheircarsin Mostpeopleintowntakeadvantageoftheparkandridescheme
aplaceoutsideatownandtravelbytrainorbusinto togettoworkinthecentre.
noun
/ p(r)k n rad ski m/ thetown
anareaorabuildingwherepeoplecanleavetheir
Theparkinglotatthesupermarketwasfullwhenwewent,sowe
nounAmerican
carsforashorttime
hadtoparkonthestreet.
/ p(r)k lt/
aperiodoftimewhenafatherisallowedtobeaway Fewmentakepaternityleavetolookaftertheirchildren.
noun
fromworkafterthebirthofhischild
/p t(r)nti li v/
Thedancesareperformedbyaworkerbeethathasreturnedto
apowderproducedbyflowerswhichiscarriedby
thewindorinsectstootherflowerssothattheycan thehoneycombwithpollen.
noun
producenewseeds.
/ pln/
105
163
A
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
problematic
adjective
/prsperti/
punctuality
noun
/ pktu lti/
puton
phrasalverb
/ pt
n/
putupwith
phrasalverb
/ pt
p w/
quantifiable
adjective
/ kwntfab()l/
noun
/ rt
recreation*
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
Themoreroadswebuild,themoreproblematiccongestionwill
become.
Theviewoftimeaslinearisthedominantparadigmintimesof
economicprosperityandnationalconfidence.
Thisstudent'sattendanceandpunctualityhavenotbeengood.
thesituationofbeingsuccessfulandhavingalotof
money
theactofarrivingorhappeningatthetimeagreed
on
tocoverapartofyourbodywithapieceofclothing IputonmyhelmetasAugustliftedthelid.
orjewellerysothatyouarewearingit
toacceptsomeoneorsomethingunpleasantina
Icantputupwithinsectsinthehouse,especiallyflies.
patientway
capableofbeingmeasuredordescribedasaquantity Inamonochronicview,timeisquantifiable.
reflective
adjective
/rflektv/
reincarnation
noun
/ ri nk(r) ne()n/
relative***
adjective
/ reltv/
relativeto
relatively***
phrase
adverb
/ reltv
107
163
109
109
163
anactivity,job,orsituationinwhichthereisalotof Whatisitaboutourcollectivepersonalitythatdrivesusintothis
endlessratrace?
competitionandpeoplearetoobusytorelaxor
enjoythemselves
thingsthatyoudotoenjoyyourself
Modernliferemainsaheadlongrushintolongcommutes,late
nightsatwork,andexhaustingrecreation.
/ rekri e()n/
105
105
areflectivevestorjacketreflectslightsothatthe
wearercanbeseenmoreeasily
thebeliefthatafteryoudieyoucanbebornagainas
adifferentperson,animal,orthing
Thereisnolegislationontheuseofreflectivevestsorlights,and
soveryfewcyclistsinthecityusethem.
TheexperienceoftimeascyclicalisreflectedintheBuddhistand
Hinduconceptofreincarnation.
Therewasrelativecalmaftertheviolenceofthepreviousnight.
comparedwith,orinrelationto
Thisindicatestotheotherbeeswherethefoodsourceis,relative
totheSun.
Carsarerelativelyfasterthantheyusedtobe.
112
163
163
tu /
incomparisonwithsomeoneorsomethingsimilar
/ reltvli/
109
107
determinedly,withoutstopping
relentlessly
adverb
/rlentlsli/
remove***
verb
/rmu v/
represent***
verb
/ reprzent/
retirement*
noun
IntheWest,timeistypicallyconceivedofaslinear,moving
totakeoffclothing
Sallylookeddownathersleeveandremovedasmallspeckof
dirt.
ifsomethingrepresentsanotherthing,itisthatthing Theorientationofthedancingbeeissignificantbecauseit
thetimewhenyoustopworking,especiallybecause Shesaidherretirementfrompoliticswaspremature.
youhavereachedtheagewhenyouareofficiallytoo
oldtowork,ortheactofdoingthis
163
109
/rta(r)mnt/
1630
reverse**
verb
/rv(r)s/
1631
1632
res/
noun
1621
1623
/ prbl mtk/
noun
ratrace
involvingorcausingproblems
prosperity*
1620
1622
revolutionise
verb
/ rev lu naz/
tochangetheorderordevelopmentofevents,a
process,orasituationtobetheoppositeofwhatit
was
tocompletelychangethewaythatsomethingis
done,thoughtabout,ormade
Thebeefirstrunsaroundinnarrowcirclesandthensuddenly
reversesdirectiontoheroriginalcourse.
163
Atthebeginningofthelastcentury,thetractorandtheassembly
linerevolutionisedtheAmericaneconomy.
105
A
1633
1634
1635
1636
phrasalverb
/ rn rand/
rush**
verb
/r/
rutted
adjective
/ rtd/
scarcely**
adverb
/ ske(r)sli/
selfemployed
adjective
selfemployment
noun
semicircle
noun
1641
1642
1643
1644
/ self m plmnt/
verb
sidewalk
nounAmerican
/ sad wk/
significant***
adjective
/snfknt/
slither
verb
/ sl(r)/
speckle
verb
/ spek()l/
spectacle**
noun
spellout
/ d/
phrasalverb
verb
spiral*
noun
/ spel
/spn/
spook
verb
Thedancerspellsouttwoitemsofinformation.
toturnroundandroundquickly
ashapethatlookslikeasetofcirclesinsideeach
other,madebyonelinecurvinginsideitself
Thedancerswerespinningincircles.
Thebeespouredout,rushingupallofasuddenin spirals ofchaos
andnoise.
tomakesomeonesuddenlyfeelfrightenedor
nervous
ifyousquandersomethingsuchasmoney,time,or
anopportunity,youdonotuseitinasensibleway
Bicyclesweretoofast,theyspookedhorsesandtheycaused
accidents.
Ifyousquanderorfritterawaytime,youwasteit.
alevelofqualityorachievementusedforjudging
someoneorsomething
Whatdoyouthinktheinternationalstandardonworkingtimeis?
at/
squander
verb
/spu k/
standard***
noun
/ stnd(r)d/
108
106
109
105
105
164
109
128
109
109
108
/ skwnd(r)/
1650
163
109
tosayorexplainsomethingveryclearlybecause
someonehasnotunderstoodsomething
/ sparl/
1648
163
tofollowsomeoneintheirjobtotryandlearnfrom Itwouldbeveryhelpfulifyoucouldcomeinandworkwithher,
them
shadowher,foraweek.
apathwithahardsurfacebesidearoad
Touristsstoodonthesidewalklookingattheshopwindow
displays.
veryimportant
Theorientationofthedancingbeeissignificantbecauseit
tomovealongthegroundlikeasnake
Snakesmanagetoslitherquitequicklybyusingtheirmusclesand
theirscalestopushofftheground.
tomakeanumberofsmallspotsormarksona
Theysatalongmyarms,speckledthebeeveilsoIcouldscarcely
surface
seethroughit.
anunusual,exciting,orimpressiveeventorsight
Mymindbecameunnaturallycalm,asifmybodywassittingona
treewatchingthespectaclefromasafedistance.
/ spektk()l/
1646
1647 spin**
1651
/ self m pld/
shadow*
1645
1649
Thebeefirstrunsaroundinnarrowcirclesandthensuddenly
reversesdirectiontoheroriginalcourse.
tohurryinordertogetsomewhereveryquickly
Thebeespouredout,rushing upallofasuddeninspiralsofchaos
andnoise.
aruttedsurfacehasdeepnarrowmarksinitmade VisitorstotheruinsofPompeii,forexample,willseerutted
byvehicles
streetsmarkedbythetracksofchariotwheels.
almostnot,oralmostnone
seethroughit.
workingforyourselfinsteadofforanemployerand Some30percentormoreofallselfemployedworkerswork
morethan49hoursaweek.
paiddirectlybythepeoplewhoyouprovidea
productorserviceto
thestateofworkingforyourselfinsteadofforan
Aboutthreefifthsoftheinformaleconomyis selfemployment.
employer
agroupofpeopleorthingsarrangedinacurvedline Abeeperformingawaggledancerunsstraightaheadforashort
asiftheywerearoundtheedgeofhalfacircle
distanceandthenreturnsinasemicircletothestartingpoint.
/ semi s(r)k()l/
1639
1640
tobeverybusydoingalotofdifferentthings
runaround
1637
1638
106
102
104
A
1652
1653
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
adjective
/ stret f(r)w(r)d/
stranded
adjective
/ strndd/
subsidise
verb
sufficiently
adverb
swellup
phrasalverb
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
topaysomeofthecostofgoodsorservicessothat
theycanbesoldtootherpeopleatalowerprice
Theycouldsubsidisethepurchaseofsuchequipment.
asmuchasisneeded
Thebeeperformsadancewhenshereturnswithnectarorpollen
thatissufficientlynutritious.
Abeestungmeandmyfaceswelleduplikeaballoon.
/ swel
tact
noun
/tkt/
takeoff
phrasalverb
/ tek
f/
noun
/ tendn/
time***
noun
/tam/
phrase
/ kl
phrase
/ tek,
phrase
/ ps tam/
/spend tam du
sm/
make/spare(the)time
spendtimedoingsomething
takeupalotoftime
takeyourtime(oversomething)
timeconsuming
phrase
tobecomelargerthannormal,usuallybecauseof
liquidcollectinginside
acarefulwayofspeakingorbehavingthatavoids
upsettingotherpeople
toremovesomething,especiallyapieceofclothing
p/
tendon
killtime
phrase
adjective
timetable
verb
tolerate*
verb
toll*
noun
topple
verb
163
163
109
tam/
spe(r)
163
109
Well,thatallsoundsverygood,multitaskinganddiplomacyand
tact.
Remember:donttakeofftheveilwhenyourenearthehive.
tam/
oneofthepartsofyourbodythatconnectsamuscle Kangarooshavestrongelastictendonsinthelegswhichmean
toabone
theymovelikeaspring.
Canyouthinkoftimeswhentimehasgoneparticularlyslowly,or
quickly,foryou?
tomaketimeseemtopassmorequicklybydoing
Ifyoukilltime,youfilltimewithsomethingyouarenotreally
somethinginsteadofjustwaiting
interestedin.
tomakesomeofyourtimeavailableforaparticular Ifyoumaketimetodosomething,youmakesureyoudoit,asit
purpose
isimportant.
topreventyourselffrombecomingboredbydoing Ifyoupassthetime,youfilltimewithsomethingyouarenot
something,oftensomethingthatyouarenotreally reallyinterestedin.
interestedin
Ifyouspendtimedoingsomething,youuseittodoanactivity.
touseyourtimeinordertodoanactivity
128
102
102
102
102
102
toneedalotoftime
phrase
112
/s f()ntli/
passthetime
1665
Therepresentationofdistanceinthewaggledanceisrelatively
straightforward.
leftsomewherewithnowayofgoinganywhereelse Hundredsofpassengerswereleftstrandedattheairport.
/ sbsdaz/
1663
1664
notcomplicatedordifficulttounderstand
straightforward**
1654
1655
/ tek p lt v tam/
/ tek j(r) tam v(r) todosomethingslowlyandcarefully
sm/
somethingthatistimeconsumingtakesalongtime
todo
/ tam kn sju m/
toplanwhensomethingwillhappen
/ tam teb()l/
toacceptsomethingunpleasantwithoutbecoming
impatientorangry
/ tlret/
anamountofmoneythatyoupaytouseabridgeor
aroad
/tl/
tostopbeingsteadyandfall,ortomakesomeoneor
somethingdothis
/ tp()l/
Ifsomethingtakesupalotoftime,itistimeconsuming.
102
Ifyoutakeyourtimeoversomething,youdoitslowly.
102
Ifsomethingtakesupalotoftime,itistimeconsuming.
102
Teachersmetduringthebreaktotimetableforthenext
semester.
Rudebehaviourwillnolongerbetolerated.
Thetriptookalittlelonger,butweavoidedpayinganytolls.
Thewholeorderwastoppledagainbytheautomobile.
106
A
1672
trailer*
noun
transitioncountry
noun
1675
1676
1679
1680
1681
underpaid
adjective
/ nd(r) ped/
unemployment***
noun
/ nm plmnt/
noun
veil*
noun
/vel/
virtually***
adverb
/ v(r)tli/
vital***
adjective
/ vat()l/
wag
verb
/w/
waggle
verb
notearningenoughmoneyforworkthatyoudo
asituationinwhichsomepeopledonothavework
anddonothaveanincome
theprocessbywhichtownsandcitiesgrowbigger
andmoreandmorepeoplegotoliveinthem
Theroadwasclosedformanyhoursaftera truckoverturnedand
spilledfruitallovertheroad.
Usuallytheprofessionsthatmostbenefitsocietyaretheones
thatareunderpaid.
Alotofunemploymentisduetotheglobaleconomicsituation.
105
The18thcenturywasaperiodofrapidurbanisation.
/ (r)bnaze()n/
apieceofclothwornoversomeoneshead
/ w()l/
warrant
verb
seethroughit.
usedforemphasisingthatastatementisalmost
Thereisvirtuallynostatechildcareprovisionforworking
completelytrue
mothers.
veryimportant,necessary,oressential
ItisvitalthatmoreshouldbedoneinordertomakeBeijinga
saferandmorepleasantcityforcyclists.
ifadogwagsitstail,itmovesitstailfromonesideto Thebeesbodywagsvigorouslyfromsidetosideduringthe
theotherseveraltimes
straightlinecourseofthedance.
tomoveupanddownorfromsidetosidewithshort Rogerwaggledhiseyebrowssuggestively.
quickmovements,ortomakesomethingmovethat
way
tomakeanactionseemreasonableornecessary
Thebeeperformsadancewhenshereturnswithnectarorpollen
thatissufficientlynutritioustowarrantareturntothesource.
/ wrnt/
whirlwind
109
105
112
163
163
averypowerfuldangerouswindthatspinsextremely Thebeeshadflownoutofmybedroomwalls,strandingmeatthe
fast,carryingawayanythinginitspath
centreofabeewhirlwind.
noun
/ w(r)l wnd/
1684
105
alargeroadvehicleusedforcarryinggoods
urbanisation
Thedriverwasforcedtopulloverafterthetrailerdoorswung
open.
Aconsiderablenumberofshorthoursworkersindevelopingand
transitioncountriesmaybeunderemployed.
kntri/
/trk/
1683
1686
acountrywhichischangingfromacentralised
economytoafreemarket
noun
1682
1685
/ trel(r)/
truck**
1677
1678
1American acaravanpulledbyacar
/trn z()n
1673
1674
windshield
nounAmerican
/ wn(d) i ld/
workforce*
noun
/ w(r)k f(r)s/
verb
/ kses/
109
thelargeglasswindowatthefrontofavehicle
Alargetreefellontheparkedcarandsmashedthe windshield.
thetotalnumberofpeoplewhoworkinaparticular TheGovernmentisencouragingwomenbackintothe workforce.

company,industry,orarea
1687 Unit10
1688
1689
access
add***
verb
togetinformation,especiallyfromacomputer
/d/
tosaysomethingmorethatisrelatedtowhathas
beensaidalready
AUSBmemorystickisagadgetthatyoucanusetostoreand
accesselectronicfilesonthemove.
Doesanyonehaveanythingelsetoadd?
121
122
additive
/ dtv/
adopted
advocate*
noun
agreement***
noun
areweinagreementonthis?
allergy
phrase
/ dvket/
/ ri mnt/
/ (r) wi
n s/
n ri mnt
usedinameetingtoaskwhethereveryoneagrees Soareweinagreementonthisthen?
withwhathasbeendiscussed
amedicalconditioninwhichyoubecomesickoryour Ieatmostfruits,butnotstrawberriesbecauseIvegotan allergy
skinbecomescoveredwithredmarksasareaction tothem.
tosomethingyoueat,breathe,ortouch
/ l(r)di/
almanac
165
164
abookpublishedeveryyearthattellsyouaboutthe Accordingtothealmanac,itshouldbeafullmoontonight.
movementsoftheplanets,thetimesofthetides,
andthedatesofimportantevents
noun
/ lm nk/
1696
alternativemedicine
noun
altitude*
noun
appliance*
noun
1697
medicaltreatmentusingmethodsthataredifferent Aftertraditionaltreatmentsyieldednoresults,sheturnedto
alternativemedicineforhelp.
fromtheusualWesternscientificmethods,for
examplehomeopathyandacupuncture
/l t(r)ntv
med()s()n/
aspic
theheightofaplaceorthingabovesealevel
TheRockyMountainsarelowerinaltitudethantheHimalayas.
amachineorpieceofequipmentthatyouhavein
yourhome,forexampleawashingmachineor
refrigerator
aclearslightlybrownjellythatyouputfishormeat
intoandallowtobecomecoldbeforeeating
Arobotvacuumcleanerisanappliancethatcanbeprogrammed
toremovedirtanddustalloveryourhome.
/ lttju d/
/ plans/
1699
noun
121
Oxfordisanuntypicalcity,itscentrepreservedinaspicfor
tourists.
/ spk/
1700
astrology
115
noun
/ strldi/
1701
barcodereader
noun
/ b(r) kd
1702
1703
119
someonewhostronglyandpubliclysupports
Thechildadvocatecampaignedtirelesslyforbetterchild
someoneorsomething
protection.
anarrangementordecisionaboutwhattodo,made Ouragreementwasthatyouwouldpaybythefirstofthemonth.
bytwoormorepeople,groups,ororganisations
noun
1695
117
/ dptd/
1693
1698
Shouldfoodadditivesbecompletelybanned?
someonesadoptedcountryisthecountrytheyhave Theseplayersandmanagersbecomeheroesintheir adopted

chosentoliveinandnottheonetheywerebornin countries.
adjective
1691
1694
asubstancethatisaddedinsmallamountsto
something,especiallyfood,inordertomakeitlast
longer,lookmoreattractive,orimproveitinsome
way
noun
1690
1692
barometer
noun
/b rmt(r)/
ri d(r)/
thestudyofthemovementofthestarsandplanets
andhowsomepeoplethinktheyinfluencepeoples
charactersandlives
adevicethatscansthesetofprintedlinesona
productslabelthattellsacomputerinformation
aboutitsuchasitsprice
1apieceofequipmentthatshowsyouwhatkindof
weathertoexpect
Thefifthpartshallbeanintroduction,inwhichyoucanlearn
mostofthegeneraltheoryofastrology.
121
Abarcodereaderisatoolthatcanscanvisualrepresentationsof
datasuchasprices.
121
Itisthisplacethatisabarometerofthehealthofthenation.
115
A
1704
base***
noun
bingohall
noun
boast*
boost**
1707
1708 branch*
1709
verb
verb
verb
bumpy
adjective
calculate**
verb
caralarm
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
/bst/
tohavesomethinggood,oftenanattractivefeature
thatotherpeopleadmire
tohelpsomethingtoincrease,improve,orbecome
moresuccessful
todivideintotwoormoreparts
abumpyroadhasalotofroughorraisedpartsonit
Thevillageboastsfourmagnificentchurches.
apieceofelectricalequipmentthatmakesaloud
noiseifsomeoneattemptstostealyourcar
Acaralarmisadevicewhichisusedinordertodiscourage
thieves.
124
WinningtheWorldCupisnotonlygoodforacountrysself
esteem,butitalsoboostsitseconomy.
Thewindrustledthebarebranchesofthetrees.
Drivingonthebumpy,dirtroadfeltmuchlikegoingonaroller
coaster.
todiscoveranumberoramountusingmathematics We'llneedtocalculatetheoverallcosts.
orwithapieceofequipmentsuchasacalculator
/bu st/
/brnt/
/ bmpi/
cardinalpoint
noun
/ k(r)dn()l
caterfor
phrasalverb
/ ket(r)
pnt/
119
121
oneofthefourmainpointsonacompass(=apiece Ourtourguideshowedushowtoidentifythecardinalpointson
ofequipmentthatshowsdirection)
thecompass.
toprovidepeoplewitheverythingtheywantorneed Sportingactivitiesarewellcateredfor.
f(r)/
125
closedcircuittelevision:asystemthatallows
someonetowatchonatelevisionscreenwhatis
happeningindifferentpartsofabuilding,town,etc
noun
/ si
1714
1716
hl/
/ k(r) l(r)m/
CCTV
1715
/bes/
noun
1711
1713
/ klkjlet/
1710
1712
aplacefromwhichanactivitycanbeplanned,
Thestatuestandsonalargeroundbase.
started,orcarriedout
Thenewshoppingcentreboastsa500seatedbingohall.
apublicplacewherepeoplegotoplaybingo(=a
gameinwhichplayerstrytomatchnumbersontheir
cardswithnumbersthatarecalledout)
/ b
1705
1706
si
ti
CCTVisaninstrumentthatisusedtomonitoractivityinpublic
places.
vi /
121
inorrelatingtothesky,heaven,orspace
celestial
adjective
/s lestil/
checkout
noun
/ tekat/
climb***
verb
/klam/
coastal**
adjective
/ kst()l/
communication***
noun
/k mju nke()n/
concentration***
noun
/ kns()n tre()n/
congested**
adjective
/kn destd/
control***
verb
/kn trl/
Thefourthpartcontainsatheorytoexplainthemovementsof
thecelestialbodiesandtheircauses.
theplacewhereyoupayinasupermarketorother Uncountedcostsofthislongjourneyarenotpaidforatthe
largeshop
checkout.
ifaroadorpathclimbs,itleadsupwardsgraduallyto HeclimbedontotherooftochecktheTVaerial.
ahigherplace
acoastalroadtravelsalongthelandbesideasea
Peopleincoastalareaswereforcedtoevacuatebeforethe
impendinghurricane.
theprocessofgivinginformationorofmaking
Therewasabreakdownincommunication.
emotionsorideasknowntosomeone
alargenumberofpeopleorthingsinoneareaora Ittookallhisconcentrationtostayawake.
largeamountofaparticularthing
acongestedroadhassomanyvehiclesthatitis
ManyofEurope'smajorairportsareheavily congested.
difficulttodrivealongit
tomakeamachine,system,vehicleetcmoveor
Mostofthenewsmediawerecontrolledbythecentral
operateinthewaythatyouwantitto
government.
121
117
conveniencefood
1725
1726
1727
1728
/kn vi nins
1729
coordinate
noun
/k(r)dnt/
cross***
verb
/krs/
crosspollination
noun
/ krs
date***
noun
/det/
phrase
/ set
setadate
daybreak
noun
decode
verb
1732
1733
1734
1735
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
pl ne()n/
det/
demonstration**
noun
/ demn stre()n/
determine**
verb
/dt(r)mn/
device***
noun
/dvas/
dirtroad
noun
/ d(r)t
discourage*
verb
rd/
/ds krd/
display***
verb
/dsple/
disposeof
phrasalverb
/dspz
diversity**
noun
/dav(r)sti/
doorstep
noun
/ d(r) step/
phrase
/ n j(r)
noun
Footballshowsinaverytangiblewaythebenefitsofcross
pollinationbetweenpeoplesandcountries.
Thedateonthereportis24October,2005.
164
Canwesetadateforthenextmeeting?
122
Theyarrivedhomejustafterdaybreakfromtheirnightout.
121
/ demn stret/
drain*
Idon'tknowtheexactcoordinatestothehouse,butIcouldgive
youtheaddress.
Waituntilthereisnotrafficandit'ssafetocross.
kd/
verb
onyourdoorstep
tochoosetheparticularday,month,oryearwhen
somethinghappens
thetimewhenlightfirstappearsinthemorning
Ifyouwantahealthydiet,youshouldn'thave conveniencefood.
tochangedigitalelectronicsignalsintoapictureand Anmp3playerisagadgetthatisusedtodecodeandplayback
soundonyourtelevision,mp3playeretc
audiofiles.
demonstrate***
1736
1737
fu d/
foodthatisquickandeasytopreparesuchasfood
thathasalreadybeencookedandonlyneedstobe
heated
oneofasetofnumbersthatgivetheexactposition
ofsomethingonamaporgraph
togofromonesideofsomethingsuchasaroador
rivertotheother
fertilisationoftheflowersofoneplantusingthe
pollenofanother
/ debrek/
/di
1730
1731
noun
1723
1724
v/
toprotestaboutsomethingwithotherpeopleina Varioustechniqueswillbedemonstrated.
publicplace
anoccasionwhenalargegroupofpeopleprotest
Thisisapowerfuldemonstrationofwhatcanbeachievedwith
aboutsomething
newtechnology.
tocalculatesomething,ortodiscoveritbyexamining AGPSnavigationisadevicethatisusedtodetermineyour
evidence
position,whereveryouareintheworld.
amachineorpieceofequipmentthatdoesa
AGPSnavigationisadevicethatisusedtodetermineyour
particularthing
aroadortrackwitharoughorloosesurface
Drivingonthebumpy,dirtroadfeltmuchlikegoingonaroller
coaster.
Acaralarmisadevicewhichisusedinordertodiscourage
totrytopreventsomeonefromdoingsomething,
especiallybecauseyoudonotapproveofitorthink thieves.
itiswrong
toshowinformationonacomputerscreen
Ineverbuychocolateorcoffee,bananas,anythingthatdoesnt
displayaFairTradelogo.
togetridofsomethingthatyounolongerneedor Pleasedisposeofyourlitterthoughtfully.
want
thefactthatverydifferentpeopleorthingsexist
Muchofthechangeanddiversityinthecityhasbeen
withinagrouporplace
concentratedintoasmallarea.
We'reinarush,sodoyoumindwaitingoutsideonthe doorstep?
veryclosetowhereyoulive
121
121
121
121
164
115
Allofthemarerightonhisdoorstep,inhislocalneighbourhood.
d(r) step/
115
Now,onecouldtalkaboutthisasadrainonthetalentand
resources.
/dren/
164
drainon
1746
1747
1748
1752
earthermometer
noun
economic***
adjective
/ (r) (r) mmt(r)/

/ i k nmk/,
/ ek nmk/
encode*
verb
/n kd/
encourage***
verb
/n krd/
endorse**
verb
noun
/n d(r)s/
/ envi/
phrase
/bi
estateagent
noun
/stet
evaluate**
verb
begreenwithenvy
fairtrade
1760
1761
Now,onecouldtalkaboutthisasadrainonthetalentand
resources.
Pricesweredramaticallyreducedfortheholidaysales.
Anearthermometerisatoolthatcanmeasurethebodys
temperatureandshowitonasmallscreen.
IamsurepeopleinShanghaialsogotmorematerialisedbecause
oftheeconomicdevelopment.
Heencodedthehighlysensitivedocumentsforaddedsecurity.
164
121
165
Weencouragestudentparticipationinourclasses.
Actually,IwouldliketoendorsewhatNigelhasjustsaidabout
healthandsafetyaswell.
Hewassurethatotherdriverslookedathimwith envy.
KofiAnnan,saidtheWorldCupmadetheUNgreenwithenvy'.
tofeelveryunhappybecauseyouwishyouhad
somethingthatsomeoneelsehas
someonewhosejobistohelppeoplebuyandsellor Theestateagentsaidthatnowwasagoodtimetobuyahouse.
rentproperty
tothinkcarefullyaboutsomethingbeforemakinga Theperformanceofeachemployeeisevaluatedonceayear.
judgmentaboutitsvalue,importance,orquality
165
164
theprincipleofchargingapriceforgoodsthatdoes Ineverbuychocolateorcoffee,bananas,anythingthatdoesnt
notputproducersindevelopingcountries(=poorer displayaFairTradelogo.
countrieswithlessindustry)atadisadvantage
tred/
faitaccompli
noun
/ fet kmpli /
fanatic
noun
/f ntk/
fastfoodoutlet
1759
ed()nt/
/ fe(r)
noun
/fst
1757
1758
envi/
noun
1754
1756
ri n w
somethingthatusesalotofsomethingsuchas
moneyorsupplies
suddenlyandsurprisinglyoreasilynoticed
apieceofequipmentthatyouputinyourearto
measureyourbodytemperature
relatingtotheeconomyofaparticularcountryor
region
tochangeinformationorinstructionsintoaform
thatacomputercanuse
tosuggestthatsomeonedoessomethingthatyou
believewouldbegood
toexpresssupportforsomeoneorsomething,
especiallyinpublic
/vljuet/
1753
1755
/ dren n/
/dr mtkli/
1749
1750 envy
1751
phrase
adverb
1743
1744 dramatically
1745
fu d
florist
noun
/ flrst/
fore
noun
/f(r)/
tothefore
fork
phrase
verb
/ tu
164
somethingthathasalreadybeendoneandcannotbe Whatproposalscanwegivetothecounciltocounterwhatseems
changed
likeafaitaccomplithattheyclosethepool?
someonewholikesasportoractivityverymuch
AskGeorge,he'safilmfanatic.
aplacewhichpreparesandsellsfoodthatismade
andservedveryquickly,especiallyfoodsuchasa
burgerthatyoucantakeawaywithyou
FastfoodoutletsareamongthebusinessesthatlineCowley
Road.
1someonewhosejobistoarrangeand
sellflowers
Iletthefloristpickoutanarrangementshethoughtwouldbe
suitablefortheoccasion.
Thenagainthatshealthandsafetyissuescometothe fore.
intoapositionofimportance
Thenagainthatshealthandsafetyissuescometothefore.
ifaroad,path,orriverforks,itdividesintotwo
separateparts
Theroadforkedabouttwohundredyardsinfrontofher.
at let/
165
115
165
/f(r)k/
f(r)/
165
fundraiser
gadget
noun
geneticallymodified
adjective
global***
adjective
globally
adverb
grocer
noun
halal
noun
haveagoat(doing)something
havehadenoughofsomething
havehighhopesforsomeone/someth
1774
1775 havenoideaif...
1776
havenointentionofdoingsomething
verb
phrase
phrase
phrase
phrase
phrase
herbalist
noun
homeless
adjective
1777
1778
theideathattheworldisdevelopingasingle
economyandcultureasaresultofimproved
technologyandcommunicationsandtheinfluenceof
verylargemultinationalcompanies
accesselectronicdocumentsandfilesonthemove.
Ihavehighhopesforgeneticallymodifiedfood.
pi
es/
/ rs(r)/
/h ll/, / hll/
/hv/, /v/, /hv/
/ hv t du
sm/
121
116
InthebookIsolarion:ADifferentOxfordJourney ,JamesAttlee
decidestogoonajourneyofglobalexploration.
Footballisprobablythemostpositivesymbolofglobalisationin
the21stcentury.
115
164
allovertheworld
/ lb()li/
/ di
1770
1771 have***
1773
/ lb()l/
noun
1768
165
asmalltoolorpieceofmodernequipmentthatdoes
somethingusefulorimpressive
ageneticallymodifiedplantoranimalhashadits
geneticstructurechangedinordertomakeitmore
suitableforaparticularpurpose
includingoraffectingthewholeworld
/ lblaze()n/
GPS
1772
mdfad/
noun
1766
1769
/ dt/
/d netkli
globalisation
1767
/ fnd rez(r)/
1764
1765
asocialeventorganisedtomakemoneyforaspecific Whatabout,justthinkingaboutsortofincome,perhapswecould
purpose,especiallyforacharityorapoliticalparty
havelikeafundraiser?
noun
1762
1763
globalpositioningsystem:asystemforfinding
exactlywhereyouareanywhereintheworldusing
satellites(=objectsthatgoaroundtheearthhighin
thesky)
It'snewinvestmentthatwillenablethecompanytocompete
globally.
121
someonewhosejobistosellfoodandothergoods Therearenumerousgrocerswithinwalkingdistanceofmyhouse.
forthehomeinasmallshop
Butchers,halalandotherwise,areamongthebusinessesthatline
halalmeatcanbeeatenbyMuslimsbecauseitis
fromananimalthathasbeenkilledaccordingtothe CowleyRoad.
religiouslawsofIslam
Whatisthemostrecentmealyouhavehadtoday?
toattempttodosomething
Ihadagoatbakingbreadonceanditwasatotaldisaster.
115
116
116
tonotwanttoexperienceanymoreofsomething
/hv hd nf v sm/ becauseitisannoyingorboring
tohopeandexpectthatsomeone/somethingwillbe
/hv ha hps f(r)
verysuccessful
smwn, sm/
/hv n ad f/
tonotknowatallif...
/hv n n ten()n v tobedeterminednottodosomething
du sm/
someonewhogrows,sells,orpreparesherbsforuse
inmedicineorwhotreatsillpeoplewithherbal
medicines
/ h(r)blst/
withoutaplacetolive
/ hmls/
Ivehadenoughoffrozenfood.
116
Ihavehighhopesforgeneticallymodifiedfood.
Ihavenoideaifbuttersgoodforyouornot.
Ihavenointentionofeatingmeateveragain.
116
116
116
HerbalistsareamongthebusinessesthatlineCowleyRoad.
115
Somesupermarketsgivesurplusfoodtohomelessandneedy
people.
117
host**
1781
1784
noun
/h/
hyperactive
adjective
/ hapr ktv/
inordinate
adjective
/ nsttju ()n()l/
instrument***
noun
/ nstrmnt/
investment***
noun
verb
noun
/ lb()rlaze()n/
lobby
local***
longitude
1791
1792 magnet
amagnetforsomeone
majority***
verb
adjective
noun
115
164
121
121
ifsomethingsuchasaroad,river,ordoorleadsina Themovementofplayersandcoachesbetweencountries leads
toanimprovementinthequalityofthegame.
particulardirectionortoaparticularplace,orifit
leadsyouthere,itgoesinthatdirectionortothat
place
/li d/
liberalisation
117
164
/ lttju d/
1788
165
thedistanceofapointontheEarthfromtheequator Thethirdpartcontainsvarioustablesoflongitudesand latitudes

(=theimaginarylinearoundthemiddleoftheEarth), offixedstarsfortheastrolabe.
measuredindegreesnorthorsouth
noun
1787
1794
OK,thankyou,thanksforthisbitofhush,thankseveryonefor
comingtoday.
veryactiveandfindingitdifficulttoconcentrateor Datashowthatupto5%ofchildrenintheUKarehyperactive
relax
andthatfoodadditivesplayarole.
muchmorethanyouwouldusuallyexpect:usedfor OxfordUniversitystillownsaninordinatenumberofitsbuildings
emphasisinghowlargesomethingisorhowmuchof inOxford.
somethingthereis
relatingtotheinstitutionsonwhichsocietyisbased FIFA'sinstitutionalruleallowssmallcountriestocapturesomeof
thebenefitsoftodayshigherqualitygame.
atoolorpieceofequipmentusedinscience,
CCTVisaninstrumentthatisusedtomonitoractivityinpublic
medicine,ortechnology
places.
theprocessofspendingmoneyinordertoimprove Letmenowmoveontothebenefitsintermsof investmentina
somethingormakeitmoresuccessful
countrythathashostedtheWorldCup.
/n ves(t)mnt/
lead***
1793
/n (r)dnt/
adjective
1786
1790
119
institutional**
latitude
asuddensilence
hush
1785
1789
AcountrycanonlyhosttheWorldCupbypayinghugeamounts
ofmoneytoFIFA.
/hst/
1782
1783
toarrangeaspecialeventandprovidethearea,
buildings,equipment,orservicesneededforit
verb
1779
1780
/ lbi/
/ lk()l/
noun
/ lndtju d/,
/ ltju d/
/ mnt/
phrase
noun
/m drti/
mnt f(r)
theliberalisationoftradeisaresultofmakinglaws
orruleslessstrictsothatpeoplehavemorefreedom
inhowtheytrade
totrytoinfluencepoliticiansorpeopleinauthority
onaparticularsubject
inorrelatedtotheareathatyoulivein,ortothe
particularareathatyouaretalkingabout
thedistanceeastorwestoftheGreenwichmeridian
(=animaginarylinefromthetopoftheEarthtothe
bottom),measuredindegreesandminutes
118
Agroupofstudentsheldademonstrationoutsidethetownhall,
callingforsocialliberalisation.
YourcountryislobbyingFIFAtobethehostoftheWorldCup.
119
Allofthemarerightonhisdoorstep,inhislocalneighbourhood.
115
Thethirdpartcontainsvarioustablesoflongitudesandlatitudes
offixedstarsfortheastrolabe.
121
someoneorsomethingthatattractsandinterests
smwn/ manypeopleverystrongly
mostofthepeopleorthingsinagroup
Thetownhasnowbecomearealtouristmagnet.
CowleyWorkshasbeenamagnetforimmigrantworkerssince
the1920s.
WhatiseatenbythegreatmajorityofNorthAmericanscomes
fromaglobaleverywhere.
115
117
measure***
memorystick
/m rdin/
mirror
monoculture
verb
mosque*
1801 move ***

1802 onthemove
1803 moveon
moveontosomething
mp3player
navigation
/msk/
noun
phrase
phrasalverb
/mu v/
/ n mu v/
/ mu v n/
phrase
/ mu v
n t
sm/
/ em pi
ri
ple(r)/
travellingfromplacetoplace
noun
114
Uncountedcostsofthislongdistancejourney,suchaslargescale
monoculture,arenotpaidforatthecheckout.
noun
needy
never ***
neveragain
neverinmylife
nibble
1811
1812 nibbleonsomething
adjective
/ ni di/
adverb
/ nev(r)/
phrase
/ nev(r) en/
phrase
/ nev(r) n ma
verb
/ nb()l/
/ nb()l n
phrase
laf/
Twomosquesareamongotherhousesofworshipsand
businessesthatlineCowleyRoad.
Thetrafficwasbarelymoving.
Illeatonthemove.
Theystayedforonlyafewdaysbeforemovingon.
Couldwemoveontoitem2ontheagenda?
tostopdiscussingordoingsomethingandbegin
discussingordoingsomethingdifferent
apieceofequipmentusedforplayingMP3files(=a Anmp3playerisagadgetthatisusedtodecodeandplayback
fileproducedbythemethodofreducingthesizeofa audiofiles.
computerfilethatcontainssound,especiallymusic,
sothatitcanbesentquicklybyemailoroverthe
Internet)
115
116
122
121
theskillofchoosingapathsothataship,plane,or
carcangoinaparticulardirection,especiallyby
usingmapsorinstruments
aneedypersondoesnothaveenoughmoney,food,
clothingetc
atnotimeinthepastorinthefuture
/ nve()n/
1810
TheCowleyRoadmirrorsthechangingstateofthenation.
117
abuildinginwhichMuslimsworship
noun
1806
1809
/ mr(r)/
noun
1805
121
121
tomatchorexpressthequalities,features,or
feelingsofsomeoneorsomething
thepracticeofgrowingonlyonecropinanarea
/ mnklt(r)/
1808
stk/
noun
1799
1807
asmalldiskdrivethatcanstoreinformationforuse AUSBmemorystickisagadgetthatyoucanusetostoreand
inelectronicequipmentandthatyoucarryaround accesselectronicdocumentsandfilesonthemove.
withyou
oneoftheimaginarylinesthatgoesaroundtheEarth Thethirdparthastablestofindthemeridianaltitudeandother
notableconclusionsfromcalendars.
fromtheNorthPoletotheSouthPole.Theseare
usedformeasuringposition,timeetc.
noun
1797
121
/ mem()ri
meridian
1804
Anearthermometerisatoolthatcan measurethebodys
temperatureandshowitonasmallscreen.
/ me(r)/
1796
1800
tofindtheexactsize,amount,speedetcof
somethingusingaspecialtoolorspecialequipment
verb
1795
1798
121
Somesupermarketsgivesurplusfoodtohomelessand needy
people.
Weshouldneverallowcountriestospendsomuchmoneyona
sportingeventagain.
1usedforemphasisingthatsomethingdid Neveragainwilltherebesuchagoodopportunitytobuy
notorwillnothappenagain
propertyinthisarea.
atnointimeyourpastorfutureexperience.Used
NeverinmylifehaveIseensuchabeautifulsunset.
foremphasis.
Idogetsomefruit,youknow,justtonibbleonbetweenlectures.
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164
sm/
toeatsomethingbytakingalotofsmallbites
Shewasnibblingonsomenutsbeforedinner.
A
1813
1814
notable**
adjective
/ ntb()l/
offal
noun
/ f()l/
adverb
/ nli/
phrase
/ nt
1815
only ***
Thethirdparthastablestofindthemeridianaltitudeandother
notableconclusionsfromcalendars.
Ieatmostthings,youknow,likedairyandmeat,butdefinitelyno
offal.
Asiancountrieshaveonlyrecentlyjoinedthetopteamsof
football.
usedforemphasisingthat,althoughsomethingis
Notonlydidtheywinthetournament,buttheyalsobecame
true,somethingelseisalsotrueorismoreimportant leaguechampions.
notonly...butalso...
1816
1817
organic*
adjective
pawnshop
noun
1819
1820
adjective
/ pki/
pilgrimage
noun
/ plrmd/
portable*
adjective
proportion***
noun
/pr p(r)()n/
providefor
phrasalverb
/pr vad
/ re(r)li/
rash
adverb
noun
/r/
1825
rear*
verb
/r(r)/
1826
regional***
adjective
/ ri d()nl/
rejuvenate
verb
/rdu vnet/
/rlktns/
1828
1829 reluctance
1830
f(r)/
remove***
noun
verb
121
164
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150
organicfoodordrinkisproducedusingonlyasmall Onegroupsaysitsbettertoeatorganic,anothersayslocal.
numberofartificialchemicals
ashopwhereapawnbrokerworks.Apawnbrokeris PawnshopsareamongthebusinessesthatlineCowleyRoad.
someonewhosejobistolendmoneytopeoplein
exchangeforavaluableobjectthattheycansellif
thepersondoesnotreturnthemoney.
117
115
apickyeaterissomeonewhoonlylikesspecificfoods Imnotparticularlypickyaboutfood.
andisnoteasilypleased
1ajourneythatareligiouspersonmakes Oneaimofmypilgrimagewillbetoconnectmetothe
toaholyplace
neighbourhoodinwhichIlive.
somethingthatisportableiseasytocarryormove, Thesecondpartteachespracticalusesofpreviousfacts,asmuch
sothatyoucanuseitindifferentplaces
aspossibleforsuchasmallportableinstrument.
/ p(r)tb()l/
1823
1824 rarely***
1827
ls/
p/
picky
1821
1822
bt
/(r) nk/
/ pn
1818
nli,
unusualorinterestingenoughtobementionedor
noticed
theorgansofanimalsthatareeatenasfood,for
examplethekidneysorliver
164
115
121
therelationshipbetweentwoormorequantitiesor
partsofawhole
tomakeitpossibleforsomethingtohappeninthe
future
notoften
anareaofsmallredspotsonyourskin,causedbyan
illnessoranallergicreactiontosomethingthatyou
havetouched,eatenetc
tolookafterachildoryounganimaluntilitisfully
grown.Animalswhicharerearedforfoodarekilled
andsoldasmeatoncetheyarefullygrownorreach
acertainage.
relatingtoortypicalofaparticularareaofacountry
ortheworld
tomakesomeonefeelorlookyoungerorhavemore
energy
unwillingnesstodosomething
totakesomethingorsomeoneawayfromaplace
/rmu v/
Iseesomeevidencethatyouhavetheabilitytolearnscience,
numberandproportions.
SportingactivitiesarealsowellprovidedforinMirabello.
WerarelyfindouthowdecisionsaremadebyFIFA.
IusuallygetarashifIeatthemandsymptomssimilartoacold,
likewateryeyesandarunnynose.
121
124
119
164
Mostfarmersinthearearearsheep.
LeCanardservessuperbFrenchregionalcooking.
Thefacecreampromisestorejuvenateyourskin,makingyou
looktenyearsyounger.
Julia'sreluctancetojointhepartywasamystery.
121
A
1831
1832
riot
verb
/ rat/
robot
noun
/ rbt/
sari
noun
/ sri/
1833
scan**
1834
1835 scenario*
1836
worstcasescenario
selfesteem*
verb
noun
phrase
noun
1837
selfsufficiency
noun
sidetrack
verb
1838
1839
getsidetrackedbysomething
1840
1841
phrase
standardise
verb
start***
verb
1842
1843 getstarted
1844
phrase
stockup(on/with)
phrasalverb
sufferer
noun
surplus*
adjective
tangible
adjective
tastebuds
pluralnoun
tattooparlour
noun
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
toprotestviolentlyaboutsomething
Wholedistrictswereriotinginprotestatmassunemployment.
amachinethatcandoworkbyitself,oftenworkthat
humansdo
averylongwidepieceofcloth,especiallysilk,that
womeninIndiawraparoundtheirbodiestomakea
typeoflongdress
touseapieceofequipmenttoreadandstore
informationindigitalform
SarishopsareamongthebusinessesthatlineCowleyRoad.
Abarcodereaderisatoolthatcanscanvisualrepresentationsof
datasuchasprices.
/skn/
/s nri/
ThemostlikelyscenarioisthatBrookswillresign.
asituationthatistheworstonethatyoucanimagine Theworstcasescenarioisthatmythroatswellsupifitsreally
badandIhavetroublebreathing.
/ w(r)st kes s nri/
thefeelingthatyouareasimportantasotherpeople WinningtheWorldCupisnotonlygoodforacountrys self
andthatyoudeservetobetreatedwell
esteem,butitalsoboostsitseconomy.
/ self sti m/
theabilitytoprovideeverythingthatyouneedby
Hisparentshopethathewillneedthemlessandlessandoneday
yourself,withouthelpfromotherpeople
beabletoachieveselfsufficiency.
/ self s f()nsi/
Idontthinkweshouldgettoosidetrackedbythewhole
demonstrationthing.
/ sad trk/
Idontthinkweshouldgettoosidetrackedbythewhole
makelessprogressinsomethingthanyoushould
demonstrationthing.
becauseyouhavewastedtimeonsomethingelse
/et sad trkt ba
thatisunimportant
sm/
tomakeallthethingsofaparticulartypehavethe Thegovernmentstandardisesexampapersacrossthecountryso
samefeaturesorlevelofquality
theyarefair.
/ stnd(r)daz/
Forthatreasonalone,itseemsasgoodaplaceasanyfromwhich
tostartajourney.
/st(r)t/
/ et st(r)td/
tobegindoingsomething
Wecouldn'twaittogetstartedonthenextjob.
toobtainalargenumberofthingsthatyouwillneed Stockuponeasystuffreally,readymealsandprocessedfood,
andstorethem
youknow,pizza,lasagneandstuff.
/ stk p n, w/
someonewhohasaparticularproblemordisease, Thisspringhasbeenparticularlydifficultforallergysufferers.
forexampleanallergysuffererhasaproblemwith
oneormoreallergies
/ sfr(r)/
morethanisneeded
Somesupermarketsgivesurplusfoodtohomelessandneedy
people.
/ s(r)pls/
importantandnoticeable
Footballshowsinaverytangiblewaythebenefitsofcross
pollinationbetweenpeoplesandcountries.
/ tnb()l/
theareasofyourtonguethatrecognisetheflavours Thisglobalisationofthefoodsupplyhasseriousconsequencesfor
offoodanddrinks
ourtastebuds.
/ test bdz/
aplacewhereyougotogetatattoo(=apermanent TattooparloursareamongthebusinessesthatlineCowleyRoad.
picturethatisdrawnonapartofyourbodyby
puttinginkintoyourskinwithaneedle)
/t tu
p(r)l(r)/
121
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A
1850
1851
time***
atnotime
tool***
noun
/tam/
phrase
/t
1854
toywith
phrasalverb
/ t
twilight
noun
/ twalat/
undermine**
verb
understanding***
noun
USB
noun
vegan
1858
1859 venture*
noun
noun
/ nd(r) stnd/
es
/ vi n/
/ ven(r)/
/ wand/
worship*
noun
adjective
/ w(r)p/
/w(r)/
phrase
/bi w(r)
sm/
beworthdoingsomething
wrapup
phrasalverb
115
150
121
164
knowledgeaboutaparticularsubject,process,or
Thecoursewillhelpyoudevelopadeeperunderstandingof
situation
yourself.
universalserialbus:awayofconnectingaprinter,
accesselectronicfilesonthemove.
keyboard,orotherpieceofequipmenttoa
computerusingaspecialcableandwithouthavingto
turnthecomputeroffandonagain
121
Vegansdontwearwoolfromsheep.
someonewhochoosesnottoeatanythingmade
fromanimalsorfish,includingeggs,milk,andcheese
adjective
1863
Atthesametime,perhapsmyjourneywilloffercluestoawider
reality.
usedforemphasisingthatyoudidnotdosomething Atnotimemustthechildrenbeleftunsupervised.
orthatitdidnothappen
Anearthermometerisatoolthatcanmeasurethebodys
apieceofequipment,usuallyonethatyouholdin
yourhand,thatisdesignedtodoaparticulartypeof temperatureandshowitonasmallscreen.
work
toconsideranideainawaythatisnotseriousor
I,atonepoint,toyedwiththeideaofnotwearinganyanimal
definite
products.
thetimeintheeveningwhentheskyisbeginningto Ilovewalkingalongthebeachattwilight.
getdark
tomakesomethingorsomeonebecomegradually Britainwasaccusedofundermininginternationaleffortsto
lesseffective,confident,orsuccessful
reducepollution.
bi /
winding
1861
1862 worth***
1864
w/
/ nd(r) man/
/ ju
1857
1860
tam/
/tu l/
1855
1856
noun
1852
1853
/ rp
p/
anewbusinessoractivity
awindingroad,riveretchasalotofbendsinit
du
Theauthorsjourneyisapersonalventure.
Weenjoyeddrivingalongthewindingroadsofthebeautiful
mountains.
theactivityofshowingrespectandloveforagod,for Thebuildinghasbeenaplaceofworshipsincetheeighthcentury.
examplebysingingorpraying
Howmuchdoyoureckonthehouseisworth?
usedforsayingthatthereisagoodenoughreason Itisworthvisitingforitsannualmusicfestival.
fordoingsomething,becauseitisimportant,
enjoyable,usefuletc
tofinishsomething
OK,well,thatwrapsitupfortodayandseeyouallagainon
Wednesdayatsix.
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