CM BIN QUANG L G?

Cm bin Quang in (Photoelectric Sensor, PES) ni mt cch nm na, thc cht chng l do cc
linh kin quang in to thnh. Khi c nh sng thch hp chiu vo b mt ca cm bin quang,
chng s thay i tnh cht. Tn hiu quang c bin i thnh tn hiu in nh hin tng pht
x in t cc catot (Cathode) khi c mt lng nh sng chiu vo.

Hin nay, c cc loi cm bin quang nh:

-Cm bin quang thu pht.
-Cm bin quang phn x gng.
-Cm bin quang khuch tn.

Cng dng v vai tr ca cm bin quang

Cng dng ch yu ca cm bin quang l dng pht hin nhiu dng vt th khc nhau, t vic
pht hin mt chai nha trn bng chuyn hoc kim tra xem tay robot gp linh kin t lp
t hay cha.
Cm bin quang ng vai tr rt quan trng trong lnh vc cng nghip t ng ha. Nu khng c
cm bin quang th kh m c c t ng ha , ging nh lm vic m khng nhn c vy.

Cm bin quang c u vit g so vi cc loi cm bin

khc (nh cm bin tim cn hay cm bin tip xc)?
IM MNH CA CM BIN QUANG:

Cu trc thit k
Cu trc ca cm bin quang kh n gin, bao gm 3 thnh phn chnh:

1. B Pht sng
Ngy nay cm bin quang thng s dng n bn dn LED (Light Emitting Diode). nh sng c
pht ra theo xung. Nhp iu xung c bit gip cm bin phn bit c nh sng ca cm bin v
nh sng t cc ngun khc (nh nh nng mt tri hoc nh sng trong phng). Cc loi LED
thng dng nht l LED , LED hng ngoi hoc LED lazer. Mt s dng cm bin c bit dng
LED trng hoc xanh l. Ngoi ra cng c LED vng.

2. B Thu sng
Thng thng b thu sng l mt phototransistor (tranzito quang). B phn ny cm nhn nh sng
v chuyn i thnh tn hiu in t l. Hin nay nhiu loi cm bin quang s dng mch ng dng

tch hp chuyn dng ASIC ( Application Specific Integrated Circuit). Mch ny tch hp tt c b
phn quang, khuch i, mch x l v chc nng vo mt vi mch (IC). B phn thu c th nhn
nh sng trc tip t b pht (nh trng hp ca loi thu-pht), hoc nh sng phn x li t vt
b pht hin (trng hp phn x khuch tn).

3. Mch x l tn hiu ra
Mch u ra chuyn tn hiu t l (analogue) t tranzito quang thnh tn hiu ON / OFF c khuch
i. Khi lng nh sng thu c vt qu mc ngng c xc nh, tn hiu ra ca cm bin
c kch hot. Mc d mt s loi cm bin th h trc tch hp mch ngun v dng tn hiu ra
l tip im r-le (relay) vn kh ph bin, ngy nay cc loi cm bin ch yu dng tn hiu ra bn
dn (PNP/NPN). Mt s cm bin quang cn c c tn hiu t l ra phc v cho cc ng dng o
m.

iu chnh nhy
Cc loi cm bin quang tiu chun thng c 2 kh nng chnh nhy:

1. Chnh ngng
Ngi s dng c th iu chnh mc ngng, l mc nh sng kch hot u ra. Khi nh
sng thu c bng hoc ln hn ngng, s c tn hiu xut ra. Trong thc t, thay i ngng
s dn n tng hoc gim khong cch pht hin. Vic chnh ngng cng c th gip cm bin

nhy hn, pht hin c vt nh hn hoc cc vt trong m. Mt vi nhn hiu cm bin quang c
mt bin tr vn vt iu chnh ngng. Mt s khc cn c nt t ngng (teach) c
ngng thch hp nht cho tng ng dng c th.

2. Cng tc chuyn Light-On/Dark-On

Cng tc L-On/D-On thay i tnh trng u ra cm bin.