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RF Id Coupling
RF Id Coupling
Characteristics
Operating Frequency
Method of Coupling
Transmission Range
Data Storage Capacity
Power Supply (Active, Passive)
Read Only / Read-Write
Transmission Types (HDX, FDX, SEQ)
Method of Coupling
All RFID systems have two basic ways of
exchanging information:
(1) inductive coupling
or
(2) electromagnetic backscatter
Inductive Coupling
Operating Frequency: 13,56 MHz (HF)
Also 135 kHz
Inductive Coupling
Inductance
Electromagnetic induction is the production of
voltage across a conductor situated in a
changing magnetic flux.
Oscillator
A capacitor and an inductor connected together
form an oscillator. Both capacitors and inductors
store energy.
A capacitor
stores energy
in the form of
an electrostatic field
an inductor
stores energy
in a magnetic field
Resonators
The antenna coil of the transponder and the capacitor
form a resonant circuit tuned to the transmission
frequency of the reader. The voltage U at the
transponder coil reaches a maximum due to resonance
in the circuit.
This is way a radio receiver works
The efficiency of power transfer between the antenna
coil of the reader and the transponder is proportional to:
the operating frequency f
the number of windings n
the area A enclosed by the transponder coil
the angle of the two coils relative to each other
the distance between the two coils.
Method of Coupling
All RFID systems have two basic ways of
exchanging information:
(1) inductive coupling
or
(2) electromagnetic backscatter
Backscatter Coupling
Operating Frequency: 915MHz (UHF), 2.5 GHz
& 5.8 GHz (Microwave)
Also 868MHz (Europe)
What is backscatter
Electromagnetic backscatter is quite similar to
radars.
Depending on its characteristics, an antenna
reflects part of an incoming electromagnetic wave
back to the sender.
Electromagnetic wave are reflected by most
objects that are larger than half the wavelength.
The efficiency of reflection is particularly large for
antennas that are in resonance with the incoming
waves.
The short wavelengths of UHF facilitate the
construction of antennas with smaller dimensions and
greater efficiency.
How it works
The power reflected from the
transponder is radiated into
free space. A small proportion
of this (free space attenuation)
is picked up by the readers
antenna.
The reflected signal travels
into the antenna connection of
the reader in the backwards
direction and can be
decoupled using a directional
coupler.