Thermochemical Equations and Their solutions

Objectives:
1. Define thermochemical equations
2. Demonstrate application of elements to define and balance equations
3. Identify the format of the final equation
4. Calculate the heat of reaction, H, for the combined equations
1. Define thermochemical equations
a. Thermochemical equations are chemical equations that quantitatively include
heat.
b. Unlike some equations, these equations can show fractions as part of the
equation
c. There is a H value association with each equation
Ex: CO(g)* + O2 (g)* CO2 (g)*
H = - 283.0 kJ
Note: *The state of the element must be identified as solid(s), liquid(l), or gas(g).
There are individual heats associated with the same material in different states.
d. Another feature is that the equations may be forward or reverse.
e. If the direction of the equation is changed, the sign of the heat of reaction,
H, will be changed to the opposite sign (+/-)
Steps to follow for solving thermochemical equations:
1. Identify the format of the final equation. Are the products or reactants of the support
equations on the same side as the final equation?
2. Re-arrange the support equations so their products or reactants match the final equation. If
the equation is reversed, change the sign of H.
3. If all the coefficients of the equation are multiplied by the same factor, then multiply the H
by the same factor.
4. If required, multiply/divide every compound in the support equation by the factor, including
the H.
5. Examine all the applicable equations to determine, if, by adding all the constituents, the final
equation will be identified.
6. Extraneous compounds in the support equations may cancel out, if there are equal amounts
on both sides of the equation. If this cannot happen, review the support equations to
eliminate these unnecessary compounds.
7. Finally, add all the equations together, as well as the revised H values, if required.
8. The total will be the H, heat of reaction, for the final equation.
11/11 Rev. 2/14/13
Indian River State College, ASC

2. Demonstrate application of elements to define and balance equations:

Example 1. Given the following information:
A. 2 NO(g)+ O2 (g) 2NO2 (g) H = -113.2
B. 2 N2 O(g)+ 3 O2 (g)4NO2 (g)

H = -28.0 kJ

3. Identify the format of the final equation:

Find: N2 O(g)+ O2 (g) 2 NO

H = ?

2. Demonstrate application of elements to define and balance equations

1. Reverse NO (g)(from equation A), put it on the right side:
Original A:

NO(g)+ O2 (g) 2NO2 (g)

H = -113.2 kJ

Reversed A: 2NO2 (g) 2NO(g) + O2 (g) H = +113.2 kJ

2. Divide equation B by 2, so N2 0(g) is equal to amount in final equation. (see below).
2/2 N2 O(g)+ 3/2 O2 (g)4/2 NO2 (g)
H = -28.0/2 kJ
N2 O(g) + 3/2 O2 (g) 2NO2 (g)

H = -14.0 kJ

4. Calculate the heat of reaction, H, for the combined equations

Add equations A and B, and H values; the result is the H for the final equation.
A. 2NO2 (g) 2NO(g) + O2 (g) )
H = +113.2 kJ
B. N2 O(g) + 3/2 O2 (g) 2NO2 (g) H = -14.0 kJ
________________________________________
N2 O (g) + O2 (g) 2NO (g)
H = +99.2 kJ
2. Demonstrate application of elements to define and balance equations
Example. 2 Use these reactions and standard enthalpies, H:
A. 2 ZbO(s) + 2 (g) Z2 3(s)
B.
ZbO(s) + 2(g) Zb2(s)
C. 2 ZbO(s) + 3/2 2 (g) Z2 5(s)

H = -128.0 kJ
H = - 380.0 kJ
H = -344.5 kJ
11/11 Rev. 2/14/13
Indian River State College, ASC

3. Identify the format of the final equation

Find the value for:
Z2 3(s) + Z2 5(s) 4 ZbO(s) + 2 2 (g)
3. Identify the format of the final equation
Rearrange the support equations as follows:
A. Z2 3(s) 2 ZbO(s) + 2 (g)

H = +128.0 kJ

B. Zb2(s) ZbO(s) + 2 (g)

H = +380.0 kJ

C. Z2 5(s) 2 ZbO(s) + 3/2 2 (g)

H = +344.5 kJ

4. Calculate the heat of reaction, H, for the combined equations

To obtain the final equation, add equations A and C.
A. Z2 3(s) 2 ZbO(s) + 1/2 2 (g) H = +128.0 kJ
C. Z2 5(s) 2 ZbO(s) + 3/2 2 (g) H = +344.5 kJ
_____________________________________________
Z2 3(s) + Z2 5(s) 4 ZbO(s) + 2 2 (g)
H = +128.0 kJ + 344.5 kJ = +472.5 kJ

To Summarize:
Individual thermochemical equations must be combined to determine the heat
of reaction, H, of a new equation.

11/11 Rev. 2/14/13

Indian River State College, ASC