MD Nastran Elements

THE BEAM ELEMENT
Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation

Copy For Politecnico of Milano

THE CBEAM ELEMENT

CBEAM Element Overview
Connected to two grid points
Force components:
Axial force P
Shear forces in 2 planes V1 and V2
Bending moments in 2 planes M1 and M2
Total torque T
Warping torque Tw
Displacement components:
d
ui , i , and dx
i

THE BEAM ELEMENT (Cont.)

The beam includes all capabilities of the CBAR element plus
several additional capabilities, including:

Variable cross-section - the cross-sectional properties may be specified at as
many as nine interior points and at both ends.

The neutral axis and shear center axis need not be coincident (correctly
accounts for sections which are not doubly-symmetric).
The effect of cross-sectional warping on the torsional stiffness.
The effect of taper on the transverse shear stiffness (shear relief).
K1 and K2 (Shear stiffness factors) of PBEAM have default values of 1.0. To
neglect shear deformation (as is the case with BAR elements), the values of
K1 and K2 should be set to 0.0.


Input format:


Field
EID
PID
GA,GB
X1,X2,X3
G0
OFFT
Contents
Element identification number (integer > 0)
Identification number of PBEAM, PBEAML, PBCOMP
or PBMSECT property entry
Grid point identification numbers of connection
points
Components of vector v at End A, measured at
the offset point for End A, parallel to the
components of the displacement coordinate
system for GA
Grid point identification number to optionally
supply X1, X2, and X3
Orientation Vector and offset vector interpretation


Field
PA,PB
Contents
Pin flags for beam Ends A and B, respectively
(in the element coordinate system)
W1A,W2A,W3A
W1B,W2B,W3B
SA,SB

Components of offset vectors, measured in the

displacement coordinate systems at Grid Points A
and B, from the grid points to the end points of
the axis of shear center (real or blank)
Scalar or grid point identification numbers for the
Ends A and B, respectively. The degrees of
freedom at these points are the warping variables
dq/dx
7

BEAM PROPERTIES

BEAM PROPERTIES (Cont.)

FIELD
CONTENTS
DEFAULT
PID
Property identification number
Required
MID
Material identification number
Required
A(A)
Area of beam cross section at point A
Required
I1(A)
Area Moment of inertia of Beam cross

section in plane 1 (about element Z
axis) at point A
Area Moment of inertia of Beam cross
section in plane 2 (about element Y
axis) at point A
Area product of inertia at end A
(I1*I2-I12>0)
Required
I2(A)
I12(A)

10
Required
0.0

FIELD
CONTENTS
DEFAULT
J(A)
Torsional stiffness constant at end A

(if warping is present, J>0) (real)
NSM(A) Nonstructural mass per unit length at
end A (real)
Ci(A), Di(A), The locations (element Y and Z) at end
Ei(A), Fi(A)
A for stress data recovery (real)
SO
Stress output option (BCD)
YES = Stresses recovered at points
C,D,E,F on next continuation entry
YESA = Stresses recovered at points with
same y,z locations as end A
NO = no stress output
11
0.0
0.0
0.0
Required

FIELD
CONTENTS
DEFAULT
X/XB
Distance from end A in the element

coordinate system (X) divided by the
length (XB)
Properties at current cross-section
Required
A, I1, I2,
J, NSM
See following
pages
Ci, Di, Ei, Y,Z (element coordinate system)

Fi
locations for stress calculation on the
K1, K2
S1, S2
current cross-section
Shear stiffness factor K for Plane 1 and 1., 1.
2
Shear relief coefficient due to taper for 0., 0.
plane 1 and 2

12

FIELD
CONTENTS
DEFAULT
NSI(1),
NSI(2)
Nonstructural mass moment of inertia

per unit length about nonstructural
mass center of gravity at ends A and B
(real)
Warping coefficient for ends A and B
(real)
Y and Z coordinates (offsets) of the
neutral axis for ends A and B
Y and Z coordinates (offsets) of the
center of gravity of nonstructural mass
at ends A and B
0., same
as end A
CW(A),
CW(B)
N1(A), N2(A),
N1(B), N2(B)
M1(A), M2(A),
M1(B), M2(B)

13
0., same
as end A
0., same
as end A
0.0, same
as end A

A(I), J(I), I1(I), I2(I), I12(I)
These properties must be specified for end A (except I12,
which defaults to 0.0)

By default, end B will have the same properties as end A
Unless properties are specified for Intermediate sections,
these properties will be found by linearly interpolating
between those of end A and end B

14

Shear Relief coefficient due to Taper (S1, S2)
The shear relief factor accounts for the fact that in a tapered flanged beam,
the flanges sustain a portion of the transverse shear load. This situation is
illustrated below:

15

The value of the shear coefficient for a tapered beam with
heavy flanges that sustain the entire moment load may then
be written as:
For
additional information, see

Reference Manual, Section 5.2.1.

16
the
MSC/NASTRAN

Cross-Sectional Warping - Coefficients CW(A), CW(B)
Open section members, such as channels, undergo
torsion as well as bending when transverse loads act

anywhere except at the shear center of a cross section.
This torsion produces warping of the cross section so
that plane sections do not remain plane, and as a result,

axial stresses are produced. This situation can be
represented in the differential equation for the torsion of a
beam about the axis of shear centers (in the following
slide)
17


18

Note: The warping constant Cw has units of (length)6. The
development of the differential equation and methods for the

numerical evaluations of the warping constant are available
in the literature. (See, for example, Timoshenko and Gere,
Theory of Elastic Stability, McGraw Hill Book Company,
1961. Also see Roark & Young, Formulas for Stress and
Strain, for values for different sections)

19

Neutral Axis Offset from Shear Center (N1, N2)

20
Neutral Axis Offset from Shear Center (N1, N2)
N1 and N2 allow you to specify the offset between the shear
center and the neutral axis

21
BEAM PROPERTIES - THE PBEAML

The PBEAML defines the properties of a BEAM element by
using the dimensions of the cross section

22
BEAM PROPERTIES - THE PBEAML

Field
Contents
PID
Property identification number
MID
Material identification number
Group
Cross-section group (default = "MSCBML0")
TYPE
Cross-section shape. (Character: "ROD", "TUBE",

"L", "I", "CHAN", "T", "BOX", "BAR", "CROSS", "H",
"T1", "I1", "CHAN1", "Z", CHAN2", "T2", "BOX1",
"HEX", "HAT", HAT1 and DBOX for
GROUP="MSCBMLO")
Cross-section dimensions at end A and B. (Real >
0.0 for GROUP="MSCBMLO")
Nonstructural mass per unit length
DIMi(A)
DIMi(B)
NSM(A)
NSM(B)

23
BEAM PROPERTIES - THE PBEAML (Cont.)

Field
Contents
SO(j)
NSM(j)
Stress output request option for section (j)

YES = Stress recovered at this section
NO = no stress output for this section
Distance from end A to intermediate section (j)
divided by the length of the element
Nonstructural mass per unit length at section (j)
DIMi(j)
Cross-section dimensions at section (j)
X(j)/XB
For more information, including section information, see the

MD.Nastran R3 QRG, Bulk Data Entries
24
BEAM ELEMENT OUTPUT

BEAM element forces and moments

25
BEAM ELEMENT OUTPUT (Cont.)

The forces and moments in plane 1 can also be viewed as:

26
BEAM ELEMENT OUTPUT (Cont.)

The forces and moments in plane 2 can also be viewed as:

27
MODELING THE TAPERED

Use the CBEAM element
The outer radius of the pole tapers from R = 4.0 to R = 3.0
The inner radius of the pole tapers from R = 3.5 to R = 2.5

28
FIELDS
The linearly varying outer and inner radii of the

beam will be modeled by using Fields.
Fields in PATRAN are used to define variations in
Loads
Boundary Conditions
Material Properties
Element Properties
There are three types of fields:
Spatial Fields
Non Spatial Fields
Material Property Fields
Use Spatial Fields to model the beam tapers in this
case study.
29
CREATING FIELDS
Create a field for the

taper in beam outer
radius from 4 to 3

30
CREATING FIELDS (Cont.)

Create a second field for the
taper in beam inner radius
from 3.5 to 2.5

31
CREATING FIELDS (Cont.)
Verify the two

fields by plotting
them

32
CREATING ELEMENT PROPERTIES
Create 1D element
properties

33
CREATING ELEMENT PROPERTIES (Cont.)
Input properties
Select the steel
material created
earlier

34
Enter the beam

orientation vector

35

Select the
circular tube
section from
the Beam
Library and
name it
circular tube
section
Enter R1 and
R2 by
selecting the
fields created
earlier
36
Select curve 1
and click
calculate/display
to show cross
section at one
end of curve

37
Slide the
parametric
location dial from
End A to End B
and click
Calculate/Display
to view cross
section at the
other end of
curve
38
Select OK to
accept the beam
library section.
Select OK to
accept the input
properties.
Click Apply to
create the
element
property.

39
Change from
1D to 3D
display to
visually inspect
the cross
section
3D display of
tapered beam
40
EXAMINE THE f06 FILE

41

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THE BEAM ELEMENT

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation

THE CBEAM ELEMENT

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation

THE BEAM ELEMENT (Cont.)

several additional capabilities, including:

many as nine interior points and at both ends.

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation

THE BEAM ELEMENT (Cont.)

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation

THE BEAM ELEMENT (Cont.)

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation

THE BEAM ELEMENT (Cont.)

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation

Components of offset vectors, measured in the

THE BEAM ELEMENT (Cont.)

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation

BEAM PROPERTIES (Cont.)

Property identification number

Material identification number

Area of beam cross section at point A

Area Moment of inertia of Beam cross

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation

BEAM PROPERTIES (Cont.)

Torsional stiffness constant at end A

BEAM PROPERTIES (Cont.)

Distance from end A in the element

Ci, Di, Ei, Y,Z (element coordinate system)

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation

BEAM PROPERTIES (Cont.)

Nonstructural mass moment of inertia

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation

BEAM PROPERTIES (Cont.)

which defaults to 0.0)

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation

BEAM PROPERTIES (Cont.)

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation

BEAM PROPERTIES (Cont.)

additional information, see

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation

BEAM PROPERTIES (Cont.)

torsion as well as bending when transverse loads act

that plane sections do not remain plane, and as a result,

BEAM PROPERTIES (Cont.)

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation

BEAM PROPERTIES (Cont.)

development of the differential equation and methods for the

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation

BEAM PROPERTIES (Cont.)

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation

BEAM PROPERTIES (Cont.)

Neutral Axis Offset from Shear Center (N1, N2)

N1 and N2 allow you to specify the offset between the shear

center and the neutral axis

Copyright 2010 MSC.Software Corporation

BEAM PROPERTIES - THE PBEAML

using the dimensions of the cross section