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GV: Nguyn Duy Khnh

c chung ln nht
Bi tp 1. Phn tch cc s sau ra tha s nguyn t ri tm CLN ca
120 v 144
792 v 132
3240 v 24300

153 v 155
27225 v 495
1980 v 14850

180 v 600
3575 v 234
10260 v 23400

Bi tp 2. Tm CLN ca cc s sau ri tm C ca cc s
90 v 126
792 v 242
3240 v 24300

275 v 155
27225 v 495
1995 v 76

180 v 400
575 v 234
4212 v 2340

Bi tp 3. Tm CLN ca
1512; 1188; 1260

Bi tp 4.

2015; 1188; 1260

.
.
a) Tm s t nhin x ln nht, bit rng 480 .. x v 600 .. x

b) Tm s t nhin x ln nht, bit rng 308 v 264 u chia ht cho x.

c) Tm s t nhin x, bit rng 398 chia x th d 38, cn 450 chia x th d 18.
d) Tm s t nhin x, bit rng 350 chia x th d 14, cn 320 chia x th d 16.
Bi tp 5. Tm CLN ca

Bi tp 6. Tm hai s t nhin a v b, bit

a) 2n 1 v 9n + 4

a) a + b = 20 v CLN(a, b) = 5

b) 2n + 2 v 2n

b) a.b = 20 v CLN(a, b) = 1

c) 3n + 2 v 2n + 1

c) a + b = 32 v CLN(a, b) = 8

d) 4n + 8 v 2n + 3

d) a.b = 192 v CLN(a, b) = 8

e) 2n + 3 v 4n + 6

e) a.b = 75 v CLN(a, b) = 5

f) 2n + 3 v 4n 2

f) a + b = 100 v CLN(a, b) = 5

g) 2n + 1 v 3n + 1

g) a b = 48 v CLN(a, b) = 12

h) 5n + 6 v 8n + 7

h) a + b = 720 v CLN(a, b) = 6

Bi tp 7. Tm s t nhin n sao cho

a) CLN(n + 3, n 1) = 4

d) CLN(7n + 13, 2n + 41) = 1

b) CLN(3n 1, 7n + 2) khc 1

e) CLN(9n + 24, 3n + 4) = 1

c) CLN(4n + 1, 2n + 3) = 1

f) CLN(18n + 3, 21n + 7) = 1

Bi tp 8. Chng minh rng

a) Hai s t nhin lin tip khc 0 l hai s nguyn t cng nhau;
b) Hai s l lin tip l hai s nguyn t cng nhau;
c) 2n + 1 v 3n + 1 (n N) l hai s nguyn t cng nhau;
d) 7n + 10 v 5n + 7 (n N) l hai s nguyn t cng nhau;
e) 2n + 3 v 34n + 8 (n N) l hai s nguyn t cng nhau
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GV: Nguyn Duy Khnh

Bi tp 9. Mt i y t c 42 bc s v 108 y t. C th chia i y t nhiu nht thnh my t s

bc s, y t c chia u vo cc t.
Bi tp 10. C 96 quyn v v 36 cun v mun chia u thnh mt s phn qu (s lng v v sch
bng nhau). Hi c th chia nhiu nht thnh bao nhiu phn v mi phn c bao nhiu quyn v v sch?
Bi tp 11. Phn thng cho hc sinh ca mt lp hc gm 128 v, 48 bt ch, 192 nhn v. C th chia
nhiu nht thnh bao nhiu phn thng nh nhau, mi phn thng bao nhiu bt ch, nhn v, quyn
v?
Bi tp 12. Ba khi 6, 7, 8 theo th t c 300 hc sinh, 276 hc sinh, 252 hc sinh xp hng dc diu
hnh sao cho s hng dc ca mi khi nh nhau. C th xp thnh nhiu nht my hng dc mi khi
u khng c ai l hng? Khi mi khi c bao nhiu hng ngang?
Bi tp 13. C mt tm ba hnh ch nht kch thc 75cm v 105cm. Ct tm ba thnh nhng mnh
nh hnh vung bng nhau. Tnh cnh ln nht ca hnh vung (n v xng-ti-mt, s o t nhin) vi
iu kin l tm ba c ct ht khng cn mnh no.
Bi tp 14. i vn ngh ca trng c 48 nam v 72 n v mt huyn biu din. Mun phc v ng
thi ti nhiu im, i d nh chia thnh cc t. C th chia nhiu nht thnh bao nhiu t? Khi mi
t c bao nhiu nam, bao nhiu n.
Bi tp 15. Cho CLN(a, b) = 1. Chng minh rng:
b) CLN(a2 , a + b) = 1

a) CLN(a, a + b) = 1
Bi tp 16.

c) CLN(ab, a + b) = 1

a) Cho CLN(a, b) = 2. Tm CLN(a + b, a b)

a) Cho CLN(a, b) = 1. Tm CLN(a + b, a b)

a) Cho CLN(a, b) = 1. Tm CLN(7a + 9b, 3a + 8b)
Bi tp 17.
a) Chng minh rng: Nu 3x + 5y chia ht cho 7 th x + 4y chia ht cho 7 (x, y N). iu
ngc li c ng khng?
b) Chng minh rng: Nu 2x + 3y chia ht cho 17 th 9x + 5y chia ht cho 17 (x, y N). iu ngc li
c ng khng?
Thut ton Euclide tm CLN
tm CLN cho hai s a v b trong trng hp a khng chia ht cho b ngoi cch phn tch cc s a, b
thnh cc tha s nguyn t ta cn mt s thut ton hiu qu khc tm CLN.
1. p dng tnh cht CLN(a, b) = CLN(b, a b) vi a b.
CLN(20; 12) = CLN(12; 8) = CLN(8; 4) = CLN(4; 4) = 4
2. Thut ton Euclide.
Ta c (xt vi a, b N)
a = b.q + r1 ,

V d: Tm CLN ca 2004 v 720

0 < r1 < b

b = r1 .q1 + r2 ,

0 < r2 < r1

r1 = r2 .q2 + r3 ,

0 < r3 < r2

................................................
rn2 = rn1 .qn1 + rn ,
rn1 = rn .qn

0 < rn < rn1

rn = 0

Khi , (a, b) = (b, r1 ) = (r1 , r2 ) = . . . =

(rn1 , rn ) = rn .

2004 = 702 2 + 564

720 = 564 1 + 156
564 = 156 3 + 96
156 = 96 1 + 60
96 = 60 1 + 36
60 = 36 1 + 24
36 = 24 1 + 12
24 = 12 2
Vy (2004,702) = 12
2