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Basic Concept of Mechanical Engg
Basic Concept of Mechanical Engg
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In majority of machine members, the damping capacity of the material should be zero.
At quite low temperatures (say -75c) the notched bar impact value of steel decreases significantly.
The crest diameter of a screw thread is same as major diameter.
If d is the diameter of bolt hole then for a flanged pipe joint to be leak proof, the circumferential pitch of the bolts
should be 20d - 30d.
Muntz metal contains copper-zinc.
A Babbitt is antimony bearing lead or tin alloy.
Steel balls for ball bearing are manufactured by cold heading.
The blow off pressure of a safety value is 106% of boiler working pressure.
A foundation bolt with a circular end is secured to the floor by means of a steel cotter. If the pull on the bolt is 14000
kg, the diameter of the bolt should be 60 mm.
In case knuckle joint the pin is most likely to fail in double shear.
The key is cut is both shaft and hub is case of sunk key.
Splines are used when axial relative motion between shaft and hub is necessary.
Splined shafts are generally used in automobiles.
Universal coupling/Hooks joint is used for non-collinear shafts.
In flange coupling the weakest element should be key.
Turn buckle has left hand threads on one end and right hand threads on other end.
Elastic nut is a locking device that has hard fiber or nylon cotter is recessed in the nut and becomes threaded as the nut
is screwed on the bolt causing a tight grip.
Treating the weld as a line, the moment of inertia about center of gravity of a circular weld of diameter d, would be
d3/4.
A single ply leather belt running at a belt velocity of 300 ft/min is likely to transmit per inch of width 4.0 HP.
For butt welding of two plates each of which is 25 mm thick, the best process would be electro slag welding.
The compression members tend to buckle in the direction of least radius of gyration
The diameter of a washer is generally slightly more than the diameter of the bolt.
A reinforced concrete beam is considered to be made up of heterogeneous material.
According to Eulers theory the critical length of a column is given by Pc = 2EI/L2 .
Rankine formula is valid up to slenderness ratio of 120.
Slenderness ratio of a column is length of strut/least radius of gyration.
In hydrodynamics bearing the oil film pressure is generated only by the rotation of the journal.
If P = bearing pressure on projected bearing area, z = absolve viscosity of lubricant, and N = speed of journal, then the
characteristic number is given by ZN/p.
The rated life of bearing changes inversely as cube of load.
The oiliness bearing does not need external supply of lubricant.
In cross or regular lay ropes direction of twist of in stands is opposite to the direction of twist of stands.
Gears for wrist watches are generally manufactured by helix angle.
The type of cam used for low and moderate speed engines is generally harmonic
The form coefficient of a spring is capability to store energy.
Coriolis component of acceleration is found in wit worth-quick return motion
Cold working of material increase the fatigue strength.
A Babbitt is antimony bearing lead or tin alloy
Addendum of a cycloidal gear tooth is epicycloids
Spiral gears are suitable for transmitting small powers
As pump speed increases its NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head) requirement increases
If pump NPSH requirements are not satisfied, it will be cavitated
Bush roller chain is used in motor cycle.
The working load for a chain for crane application is expressed in terms of diameter of link in cm and given by 500
multiplied by square of diameter.
If a square key and shaft are to be of the same material and or of equal strength, the length of key would be 1.23d,
d=diameter of shaft
In a standard coarse thread bolt the stress concentration is maximum at root.
Fatigue strength of a surface may be increased by polishing the surface
The maximum deflection allowed in gantry girders is L/1000
The maximum size of the fillet weld that can be used at 3 mm
The maximum size of fillet weld that can be made in single pass in 6 mm
A rolled steel flat designated as 50 ISF 8 means the flat is 50 mm wide and 8 mm thick.
The column splice is used for increasing length of column
The minimum thickness steel member exposed to weather and accessible for painting is 10 mm
For determination of allowable stress in axial compression, IS: 800-1962 has adopted secant formula
For accurately, cut gears operating at velocities upto 20 m/sec, the velocity factor v, is given by 6/6+v
Zero axial thrust is experienced in herinnghbone gears
In order to realize the advantage of fluid friction, it is essential to have parallel oil film in bearing
57. A Shaft rotating in anti-clockwise direction at slow speed inside a bearing will be towards left side of bearing and
making metal to metal contact
58. Bearing characteristics number relating Z-absolute viscosity of lubricant, N-speed of journal and p-bearing pressure on
projected bearing area is ZN/p
51. A sliding crank chain is made up of three turning and one sliding pairs.
52. A motor car takes a bend of certain radius in right hand direction when moving at some speed. If engine rotates in a
clockwise direct when viewed from front, then because of centrifugal force reaction on outside wheel is increased and
on inside wheels decreased.
53. If be the static deflection of shaft under the gravity load, then natural frequency of the system in case of the
longitudinal and transverse vibration is equal to 1/2 g/.
54. Cold working increased the fatigue strength.
55. Coaxing is the procedure of increasing fatigue limit by overstressing the metal by successively increasing loadings.
56. The notch angle of the Izod impact test specimen is 450.
57. In vickers hardness testing, the pyramid indentor apex is 400.
11. The molecular weights of all the perfect gases occupy the same volume under same conditions of pressure and
temperature.
12. Work done in free expansion process is always zero
13. Work done for rigid container having gas, is zero
14. Heat and work are not properties of system
15. Absolute value of internal energy cannot be found but only change in internal energy can be found
16. On weight basis air contains 23 parts of oxygen
17. Heat and work are path functions
18. N.T.P means Normal Temperature Pressure
19. Change in the enthalpy is the heat supplied during constant pressure
20. Change in the internal energy is the heat supplied during constant volume
21. For isothermal process, process index is unity
22. The basis for measuring thermodynamic property of temperature is given by zeroth law of thermodynamics
23. First law of thermodynamic gives concepts of internal energy
24. Second law of thermodynamic gives concepts of entropy
25. Third law of thermodynamic deals with concept of zero entropy at absolute zero temperature of 0 Kelvin.
26. Throttling is the process during which cooling is produced
27. 1 calorie = 4.186 Joule
28. Integration of pdv is non flow work
29. On volume basis air contains 21 parts of oxygen
30. Molecular weight of gas x characteristics gas constant = value of universal gas constant
31. For a perfect gas, internal energy and enthalpy are functions of temperature only.
The velocity of fluid particle is Maximum at the center of the pipe section.
Density is defined in terms of viscosity as dynamic viscosity/kinematic viscosity.
The Reynolds number for pipe flow is given VD/.
SI unit of viscosity is 10 times poise.
Kinetic viscosity is not a dimensionless parameter.
The upper critical importance Reynoldss number for pipe flow is of no practical importance to designers.
A liquid compressed in a cylinder has a volume of 1 liter at 1 MN/m2 and a volume of 995 cu cm at MN/m2. The bulk
modulus of elasticity is 200 MPa.
The length of mercury column at a place at an altitude will change with respect to that at ground first slowly and then
steeply.
The volumetric change of the fluid caused by a resistance is called adhesion.
Property of a fluid whereby its own molecules are attracted is known as cohesion.
The pressure at a point in a fluid will not be the same in all directions if the fluid is viscous and is in motion.
Pitot tube can be used to measure the flow of water in a pipe of diameter 3000mm.
An ideal fluid is one that is frictionless and incompressible.
Uniform flow takes place when at every point the velocity vector is identical in magnitude and direction for any given
instant.
The continuity equation for an ideal fluid flow state that energy is constant everywhere in the fluid.
Neglecting the forces due to inertia, gravity and frictional resistance, the design of a channel can be made by
comparing Froudes number.
For smooth turbulent flow the friction factor changes as Nr1/4.
In order to avoid vaporization in the pipe line, the pipe line over the ridge is laid in such a way that it is not more than
6.4 m above the hydraulic gradient.
The continuity equation is applicable to conservation of mass.
The rise or fall of head h in a capillary tube of diameter d and liquid surface tension and specific weight w is
given by 4/wd.
McLeod gauge used for low pressure measurement operates on the principle of Boyles law.
Mass density of liquid ( ) is given by = kg sec2/m4.
Running away speed of a Pelton wheel gives no load speed when governor mechanism fails.
A Kaplan turbine is low head axial flow turbine.
Vector difference of two velocities is relative velocity.
A ship whose hull length is 100 m is to travel at 10 m/sec. For dynamic similarity, at 2 m/sec velocity a 1:25 model be
towed through water.
For stable equilibrium of floating body its metacentre should lie above the center of gravity.
Center of pressure on an inclined plane lies below the centroid.
The line of action of the buoyant force always acts through the centroid of the displaced volume of the fluid.
An equipotential line is one that has no velocity component tangent to it.
Hydraulic jump is used to reduce the energy of flow.
The lowest portion to storage basin from where the water is not drawn, is dead storage.
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The following topics are important from the exam point of view
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Carburization (Metallurgy)
Shear force in riveted joint (Machine Design)
Current requirement in spot welding (Joining method)
Sheet metal working (Joining method)
Low carbon steel (Metallurgy)
Rake angles effect (Theory of metal cutting)
Mean friction angle (Theory of metal cutting)
Tool geometry, Tool signature (Theory of metal cutting)
Single cutting point tool (Theory of metal cutting)
ECM electrodes (Modern machining methods)
Point to point cutting NC system (CAD/CAM)
Boiler rating (Power plant application)
Steam and vapor cycle, Rankine cycle (Power plant application)
Brake thermal efficiency (Thermodynamics)
Diffuser, super and subsonic diffuser geometry (Turbo machinery)
Specific speeds of pumps and turbines (Fluid machines)
Unit speeds of pumps and turbines (Fluid machines)
Thermal efficiency (Thermodynamics, Power plant)
Heat transfer from fin, insulated tips (Heat transfer)
COP of refrigeration and heat pump (Refrigeration)
Deformation (Strength of Materials)
Instantaneous centre (Theory of machines)
Spherical roller bearing ( Machine Design)
Fatigue strength ( Machine Design)
Iron carbon diagram (Metallurgy)
Casting types and design of castings (Manufacturing)
Type of non-conventional processes (Manufacturing)
Pitot tubes, Mcloyed gauge, planimeter, LVDT (Measurement systems)
Unit speed of turbines(Fluid machines)
Bernoulli's equation (Fluid mechanics)
DC/AC welding, straight and reverse polarity (Welding Technology - manufacturing)
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