Example 1:

The Venn diagram below shows the number of elements in the universal set,
, set P, set Q and R.

Given n(Q) = n (P

R), find n().

Solution:

n(Q) = n (P R)
2x + 6 + 1 + 5 = 2x + 2x
2x + 12 = 4x
2x = 12
x=6
n() = 2x + 2x + x + 7 + 6 + 1 + 5
= 5x + 19
= 5(6) + 19
= 30 + 19
= 49

Example 2:
Diagram below is a Venn diagram showing the universal set, = {Form 3
students}, set A = {Students who play piano} and set B = {Students who
play violin}.

Given n() = 60, n(A) = 25, n(B) = 12 and n(A B) = 8, find the number of
students who do not play the two instruments.

Solution:
The students who do not play the two instruments are represented by the
shaded region, (A

B).

Number of students who do not play the two instruments

= n (A B)
= 60 17 8 4
= 31
Example 1:
Given that A = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7}, B = {4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12} and C = {3, 5, 7, 8, 9,
10}.
(a) Find ABC.
(b) Draw a Venn diagram to represent ABC.
Solution:
(a) ABC = {5, 7}
(b)

4. The complement of the intersection of two sets, P and Q, represented by

(P Q), is a set that consists of all the elements of the universal set, , but
not the elements of P Q.
5. The complement of set (P Q) is represented by the shaded region
as shown in the Venn diagram.