Chapter 1:

Analyzing The Cisco Enterprise

Campus Architecture

CCNP SWITCH: Implementing IP Switching

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Chapter 1 Objectives
Describe common campus design options and how design
choices affect implementation and support of a campus
LAN.
Describe the access, distribution, and core layers.
Describe small, medium, and large campus network
designs.
Describe the prepare, plan, design, implement, operate,
optimize (PPDIOO) methodology.
Describe the network lifecycle approach to campus design.

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Enterprise Network

Core (Backbone)
Campus
Data Center
Branch
WAN
Internet Edge

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Campus Designs
Modular - easily supports growth and change. Scaling the
network is eased by adding new modules in lieu of
complete redesigns.
Resilient - proper high-availability (HA) characteristics
result in near-100% uptime.
Flexible - change in business is a guarantee for any
enterprise. These changes drive campus network
requirements to adapt quickly.

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Multilayer Switches in Campus Networks

Hardware-based routing using
Application-Specific Integrated
Circuits (ASICs)
RIP, OSPF, and EIGRP are
supported
Layer 3 switching speeds
approximate that of Layer 2
switches
Layer 4 and Layer 7 switching
supported on some switches
Future: Pure Layer 3
environment leveraging
inexpensive L3 access layer
switches

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Cisco Switches
Catalyst 6500 Family used in campus, data center, and
core as well as WAN and branch
Up to 13 slots and 16 10-Gigabit Ethernet interfaces
Redundant power supplies, fans, and supervisor engines
Runs Cisco IOS

Catalyst 4500 Family used in distribution layer and in

collapsed core environments
Up to 10 slots and several 10-Gigabit Ethernet interfaces
Runs Cisco IOS

Catalyst 3560 and 3750 Families used in fixed-port

scenarios at the access and distribution layers
Nexus 2000, 5000, and 7000 Families NX-OS based
modular data center switches
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Multilayer Switching Miscellany

ASIC-based (hardware)
switching is supported even
with QoS and ACLs,
depending on the platform;
6500 switches support
hardware-based switching with
much larger ACLs than 3560
switches.
ASICs on Catalyst switches
work in tandem with ternary
content addressable memory
(TCAM) and packet-matching
algorithms for high-speed
switching.

Catalyst 6500 switches with a

Supervisor Engine 720 and a
Multilayer Switch Feature
Card (MSFC3) must softwareswitch all packets requiring
Network Address Translation.
Unlike CPUs, ASICs scale in
switching architectures.
ASICs integrate onto
individual line modules of
Catalyst switches to
hardware-switch packets in a
distributed manner.

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Traffic Types
Network Management BPDU, CDP, SNMP, RMON, SSH traffic
(for example); low bandwidth
IP Telephony Signaling traffic and encapsulated voice traffic;
low bandwidth
IP Multicast IP/TV and market data applications; intensive
configuration requirements; very high bandwidth
Normal Data File and print services, email, Internet browsing,
database access, shared network applications; low to medium
bandwidth
Scavenger Class All traffic with protocols or patterns that
exceed normal data flows; less than best-effort traffic, such as
peer-to-peer traffic (instant messaging, file sharing, IP phone calls,
video conferencing); medium to high bandwidth
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Client-Server Applications

Mail servers
File servers
Database servers
Access to applications is
fast, reliable, and secure

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Client-Enterprise Edge Applications

Servers on the enterprise
edge, exchanging data
between an organization
and its public servers
Examples: external mail
servers, e-commerce
servers, and public web
servers
Security and high
availability are paramount

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Service-Oriented Network Architecture (SONA)

Application Layer business and collaboration applications; meet business
requirements leveraging interactive services layer.
Interactive Services Layer enable efficient allocation of resources to
applications and business processes through the networked infrastructure.
Networked Infrastructure Layer where all IT resources interconnect.

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Enterprise
Campus Design

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Building Access, Building Distribution, and Building Core

Layers
Building Core Layer: highspeed campus backbone
designed to switch packets as
fast as possible; provides high
availability and adapts quickly to
changes.
Building Distribution Layer:
aggregate wiring closets and
use switches to segment
workgroups and isolate network
problems.
Building Access Layer: grant
user access to network devices.

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Core Layer
Aggregates distribution layer switches.
Implements scalable protocols and technologies and load
balancing.
High-speed layer 3 switching using 10-Gigabit Ethernet.
Uses redundant L3 links.

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Distribution Layer
High availability, fast path recovery, load balancing, QoS, and security
Route summarization and packet manipulation
Redistribution point between routing domains
Packet filtering and policy routing to implement policy-based connectivity
Terminate VLANs
First Hop Redundancy Protocol

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Access Layer
High availability supported by many hardware and software features, such as
redundant power supplies and First Hop Redundancy Protocols (FHRP).
Convergence provides inline Power over Ethernet (PoE) to support IP
telephony and wireless access points.
Security includes port security, DHCP snooping, Dynamic ARP inspection, IP
source guard.

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Small Campus Network

<200 end devices

Collapsed core
Catalyst 3560 and 2960G switches for access layer
Cisco 1900 and 2900 routers to interconnect branch/WAN

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Medium Campus Network

200-1000 end devices
Redundant multilayer switches at distribution layer
Catalyst 4500 or 6500 switches

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Large Campus Network

>2000 end users

Stricter adherence to core, distribution, access delineation
Catalyst 6500 switches in core and distribution layers
Nexus 7000 switches in data centers
Division of labor amongst network engineers

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Data Center Infrastructure

Core layer high-speed packet switching backplane
Aggregation layer service module integration, default gateway
redundancy, security, load balancing, content switching, firewall, SSL
offload, intrusion detection, network analysis
Access layer connects servers to network

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PPDIOO Lifecycle
Approach to
Network Design
and
Implementation

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PPDIOO Phases

Prepare establish organizational requirements.

Plan identify initial network requirements.
Design comprehensive, based on planning outcomes.
Implement build network according to design.
Operate maintain network health.
Optimize proactive management of network.

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Lifecycle Approach
Lowering the total cost of
network ownership
Increasing network
availability
Improving business agility
Speeding access to
applications and services
Identifying and validating
technology requirements
Planning for infrastructure
changes and resource
requirements

Developing a sound
network design aligned with
technical requirements and
business goals
Accelerating successful
implementation
Improving the efficiency of
your network and of the
staff supporting it
Reducing operating
expenses by improving the
efficiency of operational
processes and tools

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Planning a Network Implementation

Implementation Components:
Description of the step
Reference to design documents
Detailed implementation guidelines
Detailed roll-back guidelines in case of failure
Estimated time needed for implementation

Summary Implementation Plan overview of

implementation plan
Detailed Implementation Plan describes exact steps
necessary to complete the implementation phase, including
steps to verify and check the work of the network engineers
implementing the plan
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Resources
www.cisco.com/en/US/products

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