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Clinder To Cube Conversion Thesis
Clinder To Cube Conversion Thesis
Cylinder
(MPa)
1300
2200
2900
3600
4000
4200
4300
5200
5300
6100
6400
7000
7600
6.9
11.7
15.2
20.0
24.1
26.2
26.9
31.7
34.5
36.5
40.7
44.1
50.3
Ratio of Strengths
cylinder/ cubes
Psi
1000
1700
2200
2900
3500
3800
3900
4600
5000
5300
5900
6400
7300
0.77
0.77
0.76
0.81
0.87
0.91
0.91
0.89
0.94
0.87
0.92
0.91
0.96
2.1
3.5
4.8
4.8
3.5
2.8
2.8
4.1
2.1
5.5
3.5
4.1
2.1
300
500
700
700
500
400
400
600
300
800
500
600
300
Experimental Work
Two mixes were produced, one of Grade 50 concrete, the other of Grade 35 concrete. The cubes
were cast in steel moulds of 100mmX100mmX100mm. The cylinders were also cast in a steel
mould, with a diameter of 100mm and a height of 200mm. A total of 21 cubes and 21cylinders
were produced from each mix. Mix designs are shown in Table 2.
Table 2
Grade 50
Grade 35
Grade 50
Grade 35
20mm
Water
Water Reducing Agent
Sand
500
1070
650
180
1litre
360
1100
740
180
0.7litres
Batch weights (kg) for 0.07 cubic metre of concrete
Cement
20mm
Water
Water Reducing Agent
Sand
35
74.9 45.5
12.6
472ml
25.2
77
52
12.6
340ml
After the concrete was mixed, it was poured into moulds and placed on the vibrating tables to
minimize air entrapment, which would affect the strength and cause the strength to be lower.
Then, the specimens were covered with a plastic sheet to ensure a minimal amount of moisture
lost from the specimens. After 24 hours, the moulds were removed and the specimens were cured
in the fog room at a temperature of 27C.
Specimens were tested at different ages up to 56 days. In order to obtain 2 smooth and parallel
surfaces, cubes were tested on the sides with the direction of loading perpendicular to the
direction of casting. The load on the cube was applied at a standard rate of 0.2 MPa/second thus
ensuring the progressive increase in stress as failure approached. For the cylinders, the testing of
cylinders in compression requires the top surface of the cylinder to be in contact with the platen
of the testing machine. According to ASTM C 192-90a (3) and C 31-91 (4), depressions or
excrescences greater than 3.2mm are not allowed. Therefore, the surfaces of cylinders were
ground till they were smooth and then placed perpendicular to the platen of the loading machine.
The load applied to the cylinder was at a standard constant rate of 1.57MPa/second. Results on
Grade 35 and 50 concrete are presented in Tables 3 and 4 respectively.
Table 3
Curing
(days)
3
7
10
21
28
56
51.49
Table 4
Curing
(days)
3
7
10
Cylinders
(M Pa)
51.21
47.93
Cylinders
(M Pa)
21
28
56
62.93
47.03*
69.78
62.91
66.41
50.81*
59.39
56.94
62.31
22
27.5
33.5
35.5
37.5
40.5
Table 6
Curing
(days)
3
7
14
21
28
50
35.5
40
43
45.5
47
49.5
As seen in the results, the gradient suggests that the cylinder/cube compressive strength ratio is
0.76 for the materials and proportion used in this study. This is slightly lower than the average
value of 0.87 as reported by Neville. This slight deviation in the ratio could arrive from the
different materials used in the mix, or the curing of the concrete at 27C.
Conclusion
Neville (2) reported that the cylinder-to-cube strength ratio was 0.87 for concrete strength up to
50 MPa. For the materials and testing conditions (27C) adapted in this study, the strength ratio
was found to be 0.76, which is about slightly lower than that reported by Neville.
Acknowledgements
I acknowledge the help of Associate Professor David Ho as well as the National University of
Singapore for the use of the concrete lab for this research project titled Strength of Concrete
Cubes and Cylinders.
References
1. A.M Neville, Properties of Concrete, 4th Edition (1995), Addition Wesley Lapman Ltd
England. Pg. 269-317, 359-405
2. A.M Neville, Properties of Concrete, 3rd Edition (1975), Addition Wesley Lapman Ltd
England. Table 8.2: Strength of Cubes and Cylinders Pg. 544
3. ASTM C192/C195M-95 (1998) Standardization for Making and Curing Concrete Test
Specimens in the Laboratory Pg. 112-119
4. ASTM C31/C31M-96 (1998) Standardization for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens
in the Field. Pg.5-9
Grade35
y = 16.08x + 24.669
R2 = 0.9208
60
50
Cylinder Compressive
Strength (MPa)
Grade35
40
30
20
10
0
0
0.5
1.5
y = 15.123x + 14.76
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
R = 0.9662
0.5
Grade 50
y = 15.958x + 39.308
80
Cylinder
Compressive
Strength (MPa)
Cube Compressive
strength (MPa)
Grade 50
R = 0.9115
60
40
20
0
0.5
1.5
Age(log days)
1.5
Age(log days)
Fig.1 Relationship between Cube Compressive Strength and Age for Grade 35
Concrete
y = 11.724x + 29.802
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
R = 0.9734
0.5
1.5
25
20
15
10
5
0
25
20
15
10
20
30
40
50
60
Fig.5a
60
Gr a d e 5 0
y = 0 .7 5 x
50
= 0 .9 6 3 9
40
30
20
10
20
30
40
50
M od Gra de 5 0
60
Fig.6a
y = 0 .7 5 9 2 x
R 2 = 0 .9 7 8 5
50
40
30
20
10
0
20
30
40
50
C u b e C o m p r e s s ive S t r e n g t h (M P a )
60
70
Fig.5b
60
C o m b in e d Gr a d e 3 5 & 5 0
y = 0 .7 4 9 3 x
R 2 = 0 .9 6 7 2
50
10
20
30
40
50
60
40
30
20
10
70
Fig.6b
y = 0 .7 5 9 2 x
50
Strength (MPa)
10
Cylinder Compressive
Strength (MPa)
10
Cylinder Compressive
R 2 = 0 .9 6 9 6
35
30
Strength (MPa)
60
60
y = 0 .7 5 9 3 x
M od Gra de 3 5
10
C u b e C o m p r e s s ive S tr e n g t h ( M P a )
Strength (MPa)
40
Cylinder Compressive
45
Strength (MPa)
Cylinder Compressive
y = 0 .7 4 8 x
R 2 = 0 .9 1 9 5
Gr a d e 3 5
Cylinder Compressive
Strength (MPa)
Cylinder Compressive
45
40
35
30
R 2 = 0 .9 8 6
40
30
20
10
0
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
C u b e C o m p r e s s ive S tr e n g th (M P a )
60
Fig.5c
Fig.5 Relationship between Compressive Strengths of Cylinders and Cubes for (a)
Grade 35 Concrete, (b), Grade 50 Concrete, and (c) Combined Grades 35 and 50
Concrete.
70
10
20
30
40
50
60
Fig.6c
70