METHODOLOGY: EXPERIMENTS

A. Materials and Method of Testing

Concrete mix was prepared with different range of aggregate sizes and superplasticizer
contents. Varying aggregate size ranging from 9.5 mm to 12mm. A constant cement to
aggregate ratio of 1:4 by weight was used for pervious concrete and a ratio of 1:2:4 by
weight was used for conventional concrete. Then the pervious concrete specimens were
prepared without fine contents using ordinary Portland cement as binding material and
conventional concrete was made by using fine aggregate (sand). Three different percentages
of SP were utilized in pervious concrete. The crushed stones ware used which provided by
local construction material shop. A standard size of 4in x 4in x 4in cubes were prepared by
using gentle rodding. Tests for workability were performed during this process. A visual
inspection was used to check the even coating of all the particles. Water curing was done for
the samples, which was very important as there was a very small coating of cement paste
around all the aggregate particles. The following tests were carried out: slump test and
compressive strength test on cube specimens.
1) Mixture Proportion and Specimen Preparation:
Porous concrete samples were prepared of different proportions adopting three different
Superplasticizer of 1%, 1.5%, and 2% with varying sizes of coarse aggregates ranging from
9.5 mm to 12 mm, three batches of porous concrete were prepared for each of three SP
percentages. Using 1% of SP, three batches (1:4) were prepared and 9 cubes was made per
batch similarly same numbers of cubes were made using 1.5% and 2% SP. Ordinary tap
water was used for all samples, one batch was prepared for conventional concrete and one
batch for pervious concrete without superplasticizer.
Mixing procedure:
For porous concrete a constant W/C ratio of 0.25 was adopted to minimize the water content
and 0.45 W/C ratio was used for conventional concrete, the mixing was done by hand using
shovels in a tray with all the measured amount of ingredients. Same procedure for mixing
other batches and another percentage of SP was adopted. After proper mixing the cement,
aggregates, cement and water mixture was placed in the molds in three layers with 25 times
of rodding and left for 24 hours to set in the mold. After 24 hours’ samples were taken out of
the molds and cured. Three of the samples from each were tested for fourteen-day strength
and another three of the sample were tested after 21 and 28 days to obtain compressive
strength.
 B. Experiments Performed and Observation
The tests which were performed on the concrete test samples are given in details below; test
are discussed with their results and comparison is done for different SP percentage as well as
for conventional concrete and porous concrete without SP. For comparing results for
different proportions of SP conventional concrete, graphs are prepared along with the tabular
data records. Various tests are as follows:
1) Workability Test:
Workability of concrete determines the ease with which it can be mixed and placed at the
time of working. Slump cone test is the most suitable and easy test for finding out the
workability of fresh concrete mixtures the test is performed for all the three SP percentages
wiz 1%, 1.5% and 2%. The value of slump is lower for conventional concrete and it is very
high for porous concrete as the porous concrete has very less surface area for binding
material in order to hold all particles together.
a) Procedure
i) First of all, after mixing the concrete, sample was taken into the cleaned and oiled mold in
four equal layers with 25 times of rodding each layers.
ii) Extra concrete was removed and the surface was leveled.
iii) Then the mold was raised from the concrete immediately and slowly in vertical direction
iv) Slump was measured and recorded as the difference of height of the mold and the height
of the sample being tested.
b) Observation and Calculation:
The slump (vertical settlement) value is recorded in terms of millimeters of subsidence of the
sample in the test:
Compressive Strength Test:
this test provides information about various parameters of concrete it gives an idea mainly
about the strength that the structure is going to achieve in its service life and it gives an idea if
the chosen percentage of SP, grade of concrete and W/C is good for the structure.
Compressive strength of concrete is calculated by dividing the load applied by the
cross=sectional area of the cube in which load is being applied.
Compressive strength = load applied / c-s area
This value determines the capacity of the concrete to bear compressive stress coming over it
due to applied loads.
 a) PROCEDURE:
The compressive strength test was done on 4in cubes in the laboratory after 14, 21 and 28 days
of curing. The concrete achieves its maximum strength at 28 days after casting. Procedure for
test involves following steps:
i) The concrete is filled in the cleaned and oiled cube mold and temped to achieve desirable
compaction.
ii) Sample is left for setting for one day and then the cubes are removed carefully out of the
molds for curing.
iii) Curing of concrete cube sample is done with water for next 14 days of three cube samples
and three cube specimens of each batch was kept for 21 and 28 days curing.
iv) Cubes were tested on the compressive strength testing machine
v) And the compressive strength for different cubes was recorded in PSI.
b) Observation and Calculation:
The given below table shows the variation of compressive strength for different percentages of
SP at different ages.
RESULT AND DISSCUSSION
The experiment performed shows that the compressive strength is comparatively lower for
porous concrete and the permeability of porous concrete is higher than that of conventional
less porous concrete. The compressive strength of porous concrete for given duration increases
with same rate as that for conventional concrete. For 14-days, compressive strength was
highest for SP 1.5 % and lowest for SP 0%. For 21-days, compressive strength was highest for
SP 2 % and lowest for SP 0%. The overall average compressive strength however was lesser
for porous concrete as compared to conventional concrete because of higher porosity present
in porous concrete. On the other hand, the compressive strength of pervious concrete increased
significantly with the addition of superplasticizer. The compressive strength values for load
bearing walls are recommended as minimum of 400 psi at 28 days for load bearing walls. The
strength of tested sample was however enough for drainage and walling materials.

Compressive Strength
(psi)
Sr. No SP (%) C/A W/C Slump
14 (days) 21 (days)
1 0 1:4 0.25 Zero 955.5 730.6
Collaps
2 1 1:4 0.25 e 1056.6 908.7
Collaps
3 1.5 1:4 0.25 e 1400.6 969.5
Collaps
4 2 1:4 0.25 e 1103 1708.5
5 0 1:2:4 0.5   2718 2796.6
(Conv.)
CONCLUSION
A. The compressive strength of pervious concrete increased significantly with the addition of
superplasticizer.
B. The compressive strength decreases with increasing porosity.
C. This porous concrete so prepared can be used for low traffic areas like parking and where
only foot traffic is allowed.
D. Slump for pervious concrete is higher as compared to conventional.
E. The slump of pervious concrete increased with the increase of superplasticizer.
F. Density of porous concrete is less in comparison with the conventional concrete because of
fewer voids present in porous concrete. Hence it is good for light weight concrete works.