Conclusion.

This report discussed about the replacement that is paper ash. The main objectives for this
experiment is to determine if a cement paste on concrete can be replaced with a paper ash. The
objectives have been found. By using various tests on concrete cubes sample with volume of
150mm x 150mm x 150mm.

A slump test were conducted after mixing the concrete. The concrete slump test is to measure the
consistency of fresh concrete before it sets. It been carried out to check the workability of freshly
made concrete, therefore the ease of the concrete to flow. It can also be used as indicator of an
improperly mixed. The test is popular due the simplicity of apparatus used. The slump test is
used to ensure uniformity for different loads of concrete under field condition.

Furthermore, compacting factor was also been used to ensure the concrete mix was stable and
suitable for use. Compacting factor is particularly useful for dryer mixes for which the slump test
is not satisfactory. For the normal range of concrete, the compaction factor lies between 0.8 –
0.9 . The sensitivity of the compaction factor is reduced outside the normal range.

After the concrete been hardened for 14 and 28 days by curing method, a rebound hammer test
were conducted on the concrete cube. Rebound hammer test is a Non-destructive testing method.
The test are carried out to determine the characteristic strength of the concrete. The test are
carried out on the six concrete cube which two cube will be compressed on the same days. From
the experiment we found out that concrete which has been hardened after 28 days has more
strength compared to others.

In addition, a compressive strength test were performed on the concrete cubes. This are carried
out to determine the compressive strength by crushing the concrete cubes until its failure. This
compressive strength were performed after all non destructive test were carried out due to this
experiment are considered destructive test. Compressive strength of concrete depends upon
various factors like water cement ratio, proportion used, grading of aggregates. This test is to
ensure good quality control in case of concrete construction.

From the results of various experiment carried out, we can conclude that paper ash is a suitable
material for a replacement. Concrete will becomes less workable as the paper ash percentage
increases meaning that more water is required to make the mixes more workable. This means
that paper ash concrete has higher water demand. The compressive strength increases with curing
period and decreases with increased amount of paper ash. Only 5% paper ash substitution are
enough to benefits strength gain.