The use of paving blocks have become an increasingly popular choice for driveways and pedestrian paths

(https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/concrete-can-absorb-flood-180956830/). Paver block has

been used briefly for some advanced problem solving methods in other nations (Interlocking Concrete Paver
Blocks). The specification requires that the pavers comply with certain tolerances, and have a compressive
strength of 25MPa, for lightly trafficked situations, or 35MPa, for more severe conditions or where a wheel
load greater than 30kN is encountered (cement & concrete institute, 2002). The average absorption of
pavement blocks should not exceed 5%, with no individual unit greater than 7% according to American
Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)specification (936). Studies have been made to produce paver blocks
that could address problems arising at different situations.
The paver blocks in India are made from cement, crushed stone, coarse aggregate, and PVC plastic.
Improved performance is provided, and it is available in a variety of shapes, sizes, colors, and designs. (A
Paper on Experimental Investigation on Concrete Paver Block and Plastic Paver Block). The PVC has a
specific gravity around 1.4, which is comparatively heavy among plastics (Everything You Need To Know

About PVC Plastic). In several experimental investigation, PVC plastic is crushed to powder, based on the
result, it is possible to use the PVC for a paver block up to 20% by weight of fine aggregate (AN
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON CONCRETE PAVER BLOCK BY USING PVC PLASTIC MATERIAL)
The other study the application of plastic waste(PW) as a binding material in the production of paving
blocks are conducted. Composite paving blocks less in plastic (LP) on a mix ratio of 1:1:2 and high in plastic
(HP) on a mix ratio of 1:0.5:1 by weight or volume were also produced and tested in the laboratory for
compressive strength at 7, 14, and 21 days curing via water sprinkling and water absorption test were done
after the 72 -h of soaking. The study revealed after 21 days old that paving blocks in HP and LP having
compressive strengths of 8.53 N/mm2 (water absorption = 0.5%) and 7.31 N/mm2 (water absorption = 2.7%)
respectively were higher than the Control value of 6.07 N/mm2 (water absorption = 4.9%) (Exploiting
recycled plastic waste as an alternative binder for paving blocks production). The compressive strength of
paver blocks increases with increase in the proportion of plastic content (An experimental study and
sustainability assessment of plastic waste as a binding material for producing economical cement-less
paver blocks).
Another research investigated the performance of concrete as a fine aggregate containing polyethylene

terephthalate (PET) bottle waste. PET plastic is one major component of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) which
is becoming a major research issue for its possible use in pavement blocks. Polymer modified pavement
blocks has applications in road construction and buildings. Polymer modified binders also show improved
adhesion and cohesion properties for conventional Portland cement concrete (Utilization of Recycled
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) in Engineering Materials: A Review2016). The temple of Ur-Nina (King of
Lagash), in the city of Kish, had masonry foundations built with mortar made from 25 to 35% bitumen (a
natural polymer) until in the year 1950’s where synthetic polymers were incorporated in Portland cement
mortars and concrete (Review on Polymer Modified Concrete And Its Application To Concrete Structures).
Now a days the PET bottles were recycled to minimize PET waste and used as a fine aggregate in the concrete
mixture. The PET bottles were washed and mashed into thin, irregular shapes. Then, it was mixed with the
concrete and the test was carried out to determine the necessary strength for PET concrete to be used as a
paver block. The research was carried out to investigate the strength of the concrete with the use of cube
mold. A total of four concrete batches were made, namely 5 percent, 10 percent and 15 percent standard
concrete and concrete containing PET. The compressive strength of the concrete was calculated following the
British Norm method in this analysis. The findings showed that the presence of PET in concrete can reduce
the efficiency of the concrete. Nevertheless, in order to avoid the impact of concrete strength, the content of

.
PET was defined at a specific limit (PET concrete as paver block. InAIP Conference Proceedings)
Interlocking paver blocks are used extensively on low-speed roads, especially around building complex.
Interlocking paver blocks are easy to mount and provide the landscape with aesthetic finishing. However, in
wide areas, the use of interlocking blocks decreases ground permeability, contributing to higher runoff. To
decrease runoff and the impact on its mechanical efficiency, new interlocking paver blocks have been
investigated. Two kinds of paver block generated in the center are paver block with permeable concrete and
paver block with void. The findings indicate that the compressive strength of the permeable concrete paver
block is an average of 31.5 percent higher than the void paver block, while the flexural strength of both
samples was between 1.0 and 1.7 MPa. Paver block with void showed the greatest reduction in runoff
compared to 25.5 percent permeable concrete paver block with paver block. This is in line with the outcome
of water infiltration experiments. It was concluded that the increase in water retention performance of the
paver block with increasing void volume and increase in void volume induced a decrease in the compressive
strength of interlocking blocks (New High Strength Water Retaining Interlocking Pavers Block for High
Mechanical Performing Pavement and Reducing Runoff).
The research will be a modification of the existing “Hydraulic Brick Making Machine” which was done by
(Mondez, Quinquilleria and Razon, 2019). The machine has an automatic mixer where the materials such as
cement, sand, other aggregates and water placed. After the mixing process materials goes down to the
molding area upon opening of a sliding plate on a hatch at the bottom of the mixer. The mixture is then
pushed towards the mold. The designed mold has four shapes of bricks to be produced at a single time as
seen in Figure 1. The mixture is then pressed both from the lower and upper end of the mold. The upper
plate is then released upward upon the application of pressure for several seconds. The lower plate then
pushes the molded mixture upward up to the level of the table. The molded bricks can be slid out of the
table for air drying.
 Figure 1. Mold of Hydraulic Brick Making Machine
The proposed research will focus on open interlocking paver blocks. Open paver, so as to reduce
unnecessary runoff water. In addition to this, open paver also reduces the heat island effect. Interlocking
paver blocks increases the stability of the layout of the blocks thus reducing maintenance due to lesser
misalignment if non-interlocking paver blocks are used instead. It is also well suited to parking spaces since
vehicles at these areas are at minimal speeds.