Disposal of plastic waste in environment is considered to be a big problem due to its very low

biodegradability and presence in large quantities. In recent time significant research is underway to
study the possibility of disposal of these wastes in mass concrete where strength of concrete may not
be major criteria under consideration, such as heavy mass of concreting in PCC in pavements. If
plastic wastes can be mixed in the concrete mass in some form, without significant effect on its other
properties or slight compromise in strength, we can consume large quantities of plastic waste by
mixing it in the concrete mass. Plastic is one component of municipal solid waste (MSW) which is
becoming a major research issue for its possible use in concrete especially in self-compacting
concrete and light weight concrete. Although some of these materials can be beneficially incorporated
in concrete, both as part of the cementitious binder phase or as aggregates, it is important to realize
that not all waste materials are suitable for such use. This bitumen mix show better binding property,
stability, density and more resistant to water.
In [10] it is mentioned India generates 56 lakh tons of plastic waste annually, where Delhi accounting
for staggering 689.5 tons a day. Approximately, 60% of total plastic waste is collected and recycled in
the country per day and remain is uncollected and littered. Besides of that, concrete all over the globe
has been utilized for the required infrastructure. Both materials consumptions are increasing day by
day in their respective field. The inclusion of waste plastic in concrete by replacing or adding the
concrete ingredients is one of the appropriate ways to dispose it. In term of costing, cost comparison
of available walling materials in Makurdi metropolis showed that the use of bricks made from 45%
sand and 5% cement resulted in a saving of 30%-47% when compared with the use of sand concrete
blocks. While the use of fired clay bricks resulted in a savings of 19% per square meter of wall. The
study therefore recommends the use of laterite bricks in Makurdi and other locations due to its more
economical and environmental friendly than fired clay bricks [9].
Concrete has proved to be an excellent disposal means for fly ash, silica fume, ground granulated
blast furnace slag (GGBS), marble powder, and so forth which not only traps the hazardous material
but also enhances the properties of concrete. Concrete, as a material, has significantly been benefited
from the usage of fly ash, silica fumes, and GGBS. For a constant workability, the reduction in water
demand of concrete due to fly ash is usually between 5 and 15% when compared with Portland
cement only mix. In a paper “A review on waste plastic utilization in asphalting of roads” [1], the
techniques to use plastic waste for construction purpose of roads and flexible pavements, which were
developed by various researchers has been reviewed. And collectively emphasises the concept of
utilization of waste plastic in construction of flexible road pavement. In the construction of flexible
pavements, bitumen plays the role of binding the aggregate together by coating over the aggregate. It
also helps to improve the strength and life of road pavement. But its resistance towards water is poor.
A common method to improve the quality of bitumen is by modifying the rheological properties of
bitumen by blending with synthetic polymers like rubber and plastics. Research on “The Use of
Recycled Materials in Highway construction” [6] and “Utilization of waste plastic in Bituminous
Concrete mixes” [7] to determine the suitability of plastic waste modifier in construction of
bituminous mixes, where the heated aggregates are transported on conveyor belts the shredded plastic
is sprayed on it. So that plastic makes a coat on the aggregate this plastic-coated aggregate was later
blended with hot molten bitumen to result in plastic modified bitumen. The research concluded that
this waste plastic usage in bituminous concrete mixes resulted in improved resistivity to water
absorption and better bonding with reduced susceptibility to stripping. “Useful products from oil and
organic chemistry” [8], classifies the plastic as Thermo softening plastics (Thermo plastics) and
Thermo setting plastics (Thermo set plastics). Thermo setting plastics can be made plastic and
malleable at high temperatures only once. Modern thermoplastic polymers soften anywhere between
65 ºC and 200+ ºC. In this state they can be moulded in a number of ways they differ from thermo set
plastics in that; they can be returned to this plastic state by reheating. They are then fully recyclable.
PET used in this project belongs to thermo plastics. Thermo-set plastics differ in that they are not re-
mouldable. Strong cross links are formed during the initial moulding process that gives the material a
stable structure. They are more likely to be used in situations where thermal stability is required. They
tend to lack tensile strength and can be brittle. Polyester resin, Urea formaldehyde etc. belongs to this
type. An attempt to utilize the laterite wastes available abundantly in the laterite quarry for the
manufacture of laterite soil bricks using cement as a stabilizing agent [2]. In the paper “BUILDING
BRICKS INCLUDING PLASTICS” [3] A brick comprises a thermoplastic material Such as high-
density polyethylene (HDPE), and a cement-containing material. The brick may be made by mixing
thermoplastic material and dry, uncured cement-containing material. This mixture is placed in a
mould. The mould is heated while the mixture is compressed to melt or soften the thermoplastic
material and to bind the particulate material in the mould into the shape of a brick. After the hardened
brick is removed from the mould, the surface of the brick may be sprayed with water to cure cement-
containing material on the Surface of the brick. In [4] its says the laterite quarry waste is abundantly
available and the disposal of waste plastics (PET, PP, etc.) is a biggest challenge, as repeated
recycling of PET bottles poses a potential danger of being transformed to a carcinogenic material and
only a small proportion of PET bottles are being recycled. In their work an attempt has been made to
manufacture the bricks by using waste plastics in range of 60 to 80% by weight of laterite quarry
waste and 60/70 grade bitumen was added in range of 2 to 5% by weight of soil in molten form and
this bitumen- plastic resin was mixed with laterite quarry waste to manufacture the bricks. The bricks
manufactured possess the properties such as neat and even finishing, with negligible water absorption
and satisfactory compressive strength in comparison with laterite stone to satisfy the increasing
demand of conventional building materials. They have used Low Density plastic which is plastic
bottles to carry out their work, low density plastic is small part of the total plastic waste, we want to
include maximum types of plastic in our work. In [5] also they proposed sand bricks which is made
up by adding plastic bottle waste in crush form in sand bricks may help to reuse the plastic bottle
waste as one of the additives materials of bricks, and to help the disposal problem of plastic waste.
The properties of sand bricks which contain varying percentages of plastic were tested for
compressive strength, water absorption and efflorescence. It was found that the reduction in
compressive strength, due to replacement of sand by waste plastic bottle is minimal and can be
enhanced by addition of super plasticizer. The water absorption and efflorescence however showed
excellent performance. This addition of super plasticiser has increased the cost of the brick which
does not make it economical, in our work we don’t want to use any kind of property enhancers to
keep the price of the brick economical. This paper [11] studies the properties of bricks manufactured
by mixing Manufactured Sand (M-Sand) and Poly ethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles and its
suitability as a building unit. PET bottles were chopped in to small pieces and heat was supplied from
below. M-sand was added in 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5 & 1:6 (plastic and M-sand respectively) proportions
into the molten plastic paste for the manufacturing of plastic soil bricks and is poured into moulds of
required size. They have achieved a good result but they melt the plastic, melting leads to the
production of green house gases with is not environment friendly.
To make our work more efficient we looked up [3], it describes the used of various types of waste
materials in different proportions and adopted different methods to produce bricks. Different tests
were conducted on produced bricks to evaluate their properties following the various available
standards. Compressive strength and water absorption are two common parameters considered by
most researchers as required by various standards. It is noted that although many of the studied bricks
made from waste materials meet the various standard requirements and a number of patents have been
approved, so far commercial production and application of bricks from waste materials is still very
limited. The limited production and application of bricks from waste materials is also related to the
absence of relevant standards and the slow acceptance by industry and public. Standardization plays
an important role in disseminating knowledge, exploiting research results and reducing time to market
for innovations.
REFERENCES
[1] Amit Gawande, G. Zamare., V.C Renge., Saurabh
Tayde, G. Bharsakale.. “an overview on waste plastic
utilization in asphalting of roads”, Journal of Engineering
Research And Studies (JERS) ,Vol. III, Issue II, April-
June 2012,pp 01-05.

[2] Bharath Raj,Varshith A,Rashmitha Kotian, N.G. Ash-

wath. “Study on Laterite-Cement bricks” Project report,
K.V.G College of Engineering, Sullia.DK. 2011-2012.

[3] BUILDING BRICKS INCLUDING PLASTICS, Fares D. Alsewailem, Riyadh (SA) Mar. 1, 2012
[4] Utilization Of Waste Plastic In Manufacturing Of Plastic-Soil Bricks Puttaraj Mallikarjun Hiremath,
Shanmukha shetty, Navaneeth Rai.P.G, Prathima.T.B

[5] Utilization of Plastic Bottle Waste in Sand Bricks Siti Aishah Wahid, Sullyfaizura Mohd Rawi, Norlia
Md Desa Department of Mechanical Engineering Polytechnic of Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin, 23000
Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia Received: October 14, 2014 Accepted: December 16, 2014

[6] L.R Schroceder, “The Use of Recycled Materials in

Highway construction”, Public Roads, Vol 58,Issue 2,
1994.

[7] Sunil Bose, Sridhar Raju,“Utilization of waste plastic in

Bituminous Concrete mixes”, Roads and Pavements,
vol 3 2004.

[8] “Useful products from oil and organic chemistry”, Topic

11/5 available at
http://www.tep.org.uk/a2z_glossary/a2z/plastics.htm

[9] Hiremath, P.M., S. Shetty, P.G.N. Rai and T.B. Prathima, 2014. Utilization of Waste Plastic in
Manufacturing of Plastic-Soil Bricks. International Journal of Technology Enhancements and
Emerging Engineering Research, 2 (4): 102-107.

[10] Raju and R. Chauhan, 2014. An Experimental Study on Strength Behaviour of Cement Concrete
with Use of Plastic Fibre. National Conference on Advances in Engineering and Technology, pp: 30-
34.
[11] Manufacturing and Experimental Investigation of Bricks with Plastic And M-Sand Aiswaria K 1 ,
Khansa Abdulla2 , E B Akhil3 , Haritha Lakshmi V G4 , Jerin Jimmy5 Assistant Professor, Department
of Civil Engineering, SCMS School of Engineering and Technology, Karukutty, India1 Final Year B.Tech,
Department of Civil Engineering,, SCMS School of Engineering and Technology, Karukutty,
India2,3,4,5