DELHI TECHNICAL CAMPUS

(Affiliated Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi)

Greater Noida
Department of Civil Engineering
Synopsis of Project
Project Title: Use of Plastic in Flexible Pavement
Project Guide: Dr. Deepa Shrivastava
Project Team:1.) KUMAR VINIT (50218003418)
2.) ANKIT KUMAR (55218003418)
3.) KARTIKEY GUPTA (00318003418)
4.) AAYUSH AANAND

P a g e 1 | 10
 INDEX
S.NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.
1. INTRODUCTION 3

2. PROBLEM STATEMENT 4

3. LITERATURE SURVEY 4

4. OBJECTIVE 6

5. METHODOLOGY 6

6. USE OF MATERIALS 7
7. IMPACT 7
8. FUTURE SCOPE 7
9. GANTT CHART 8

10. REFERENCES 8
 INTRODUCTION:
A material that contains one or more organic polymers of large molecular weight, solid in its finished
state and at some state while manufacturing or processing into finished articles, can be shaped by its
flow, is called as ‘Plastic’. Plastics are durable and degrade very slowly, the chemical bonds that make
plastic so durable make it equally resistant to natural processes of degradation.
Plastics can be divided in to two major categories: Thermoses and Thermoplastics. A thermoset
solidifies or “sets” irreversibly when heated. They are useful for their durability and strength, and are
therefore used primarily in automobiles and construction applications. These plastics are polyethylene,
polypropylene, polyamide, polyoxymethylene, polytetrafluorethylene, and polyethylene terephthalate. A
Thermoplastic softens when exposed to heat and returns to original condition at room temperature.
Thermoplastics can easily be shaped and molded into products such as milk jugs, floor coverings, credit
cards, and carpet fibers. These plastic types are known as phenolic, melamine, unsaturated polyester,
epoxy resin, silicone, and polyurethane.
According to recent studies, plastics can stay unchanged for as long as 4500 years on earth with increase
in the global population and the rising demand for food and other essentials, there has been a rise in the
amount of waste being generated daily by each household. Plastic in different forms is found to be
almost 5% in municipal solid waste, which is toxic in nature. It is a common sight in both urban and
rural areas to find empty plastic bags and other type of plastic packing material littering the roads as well
as drains. Due to its biodegradability, it creates stagnation of water and associated hygiene problems. In
order to contain this problem experiments have been carried out whether this waste plastic can be reused
productively.
The experimentation at several institutes indicated that the waste plastic, when added to hot aggregate
will form a fine coat of plastic over the aggregate and such aggregate, when mixed with the binder is
found to give higher strength, higher resistance to water and better performance over a period of time.
Waste plastic such as carry bags, disposable cups and laminated pouches like chips, pan masala,
aluminum foil and packaging material used for biscuits, chocolates, milk and grocery items can be used
for surfacing roads.
In the construction of flexible pavements, bitumen plays the role of binding the aggregate together by
coating over the aggregate. It also helps to improve the strength of the road. But its resistance towards
water is poor. Anti-stripping agents are being used. A common method to improve the quality of bitumen
is by modifying the rheological properties of bitumen by blending with organic synthetic polymers like
rubber and plastics. Studies on this subject are going on both at national and international level.
Use of plastic along with the bitumen in construction of roads not only increases its life and smoothness
but also makes it economically sound and environment friendly. Plastic waste is used as modifier of
bitumen to improve some of bitumen properties Roads that are constructed using plastic waste are
known as Plastic Roads and are found to perform better compared to those constructed with conventional
bitumen. Further it has been found that such roads were not subjected to stripping when come in contact
with water. Use of higher percentage of plastic waste reduces the need of bitumen by 10%. It also
increases the strength and performance of the road. Plastic increases the melting point of bitumen and
hence missing can be done in better and easier way. According to Dr. R. Vasudevan, Dean ECA and
Professor, Department of Chemistry, Thiagarajan College of Engineering, Madurai, plastic waste
replaces 10% to 15% of bitumen, and thereby saves approximately Rs.35000 to Rs.45000 per kilometer
of a road stretch.
Inclusion of plastic waste in road construction eliminates the plastic shrinkage cracking of road surface
and reduces the drying shrinkage to some extent. The uses of plastic waste help in substantially
improving the abrasion and slip resistance of flexible pavement and also allows to obtain values of
splitting tensile strength satisfied the specified limits while plastic waste content is beyond 30% by
weight of mix. If the consistent mixing time and mixing temperature are not provided for bitumen–
modifier mix, modified bitumen cannot exhibit good performance in situ, thus premature failures will
occur. Therefore, there are certain recommended mixing time, mixing temperature and modifier content
for all the polymers with a trademark. This all should be taken in mind while missing and laying of roads
is to be done using plastic waste. Plastic road would be a boon for India. In hot and extremely humid
climate durable and eco-friendly plastic roads are of greatest advantages. This will also help in reliving
the earth from all type of plastic waste.

PROBLEM STATEMENT:
The plastic wastes could be used in road construction and the field tests withstood the stress and proved
that plastic wastes used after proper processing as an additive would enhance the life of the roads and
also solve environmental problems.
The rapid rate of urbanization and development has led to increasing plastic waste generation. As plastic
is non-biodegradable in nature, it remains in environment for several years and disposing plastic wastes
at landfill are unsafe since toxic chemicals leach out into the soil, and under-ground water and pollute the
water bodies. Due to littering habits, inadequate waste management system / infrastructure, plastic waste
disposal continues to be a major problem for the civic authorities, especially in the urban areas. As stated
above, plastic disposal is one of the major problems for developing countries like India, at a same time
India needs a large network of roads for its smooth economic and social development. Scarcity of
bitumen needs a deep thinking to ensure fast road construction.

LITERATURE SURVEY:
The thought of using plastic in flexible pavement is started several years ago in India. Plastic has played
a very important role in increasing the strength of bitumen as well as aggregate. Prof. C.E.G.Justo in
2015 stated that addition of plastic in bitumen enhances the stability, strength, life and other desirable
properties of bitumen.

Miss Apurva J Chavan, (2013): States that small sized clean plastic which is passed through 2-3mm
sieve in chopping machine is used. The aggregate and chopped plastic are blend together and heated
thoroughly and plastic is well coated on the aggregate. And in the bituminous mix design this coated
aggregates are used with bitumen combined together heated and the mix is used for construction of
pavement. This type of modern technology not only give good strength also enhances road life also helps
the environment unpolluted.
Yash Menaria, Rupal Sankhla (2015): stated that polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene
are the main constituents or source of waste plastics. Where the softening point of this type of material
ranges from 120˚C - 160˚C. These heated materials will do not generate any poisonous gases on heating
but it has good laminating property when spewed over the hot aggregate at 160˚C. the importance of this
study shows reduction in the cost of construction as waste plastic used and increase in durability and
strength is observed, the combination of plastic binding with aggregates provide good stability.

Nemade S. et al. (2013): states the use of chopped plastic in SDBC (Semi Dense Bituminous
Concrete) with PG (Penetration grade) of 60/70 in dry mix. In this process the heated plastic covers a
thin coating over the aggregate and mixed with bituminous mix and tested for marshal stability and flow
for 50 marshal specimens with various Bitumen binder percentage by weight of Bituminous mix and
plastic by weight of bitumen binder all the specimens are evaluated. This evaluation shows the 30%
increase in the stability and 10% reduction in bitumen content which in turn saving national economy
and also eco-biodegradable method of disposal of waste plastic. Also, it is observed that when ageing
tested is conducted no bleeding and less ageing is observed. And it is also observed that no anti stripping
agent is required in mix as after immersion in water for 96 hours the coated aggregate show stripping
hence it is evident that the coated aggregates are less susceptible for water as compared with uncoated
aggregates.
Vikas R Agarwal, Saurav Anand Agarwal, and Nikhil Kale (2016): Stated the to provide
low-cost roads and environment friendly roads by proper usage of waste plastic in hot bitumen mix to
improve pavement performance. Here Bitumen modifier is plastic to improve properties of mix, and the
pavement constructed with modified bitumen mix prove to be better performed than conventional
bituminous mix. Also, they are found to be less affinity towards water and less stripping. Also, it is
stated that use higher percentage of plastic reduces Bitumen percentage by 10 also improves strength.

Dr. R. Vasudevan: He states that the polymer bitumen blend is better binder compared to plain
bitumen. Blend has increased softening point and decreased penetration value with a suitable ductility.
When it is used for road construction it can withstand higher temperature and load. The coating of
plastics reduces the porosity, Absorption of moisture and improves soundness. The polymer coated
aggregate bitumen mix forms better material for flexible pavement construction as the mix shows higher
Marshall Stability value and suitable Marshall Coefficient. Hence the use of waste plastics for flexible
pavement is one of the best methods for easy and prevention of pollution and so on.

Athira R Prasad etal (2015): He proves that the bitumen which is conventional material used in
the road construction can be partially replaced by the waste plastic and rubber. They added rubber and
PET in 3%, 4.5%, 6%, 7.5%and 8% in bitumen and found that the optimum content was obtained at 6%.
Thus, according to their study, the use of plastic in 6% by weight of bitumen improves the pavement
stability. And they found the use of PET bottle is best. Therefore, the disposal of rubber and PET is best
in the road construction. Anurag V. Tiwarietal (2015): As plastics has non- biodegradable characteristics
and are also harmful to human health therefore disposal of waste plastic is of great concern to the
environmental engineers. The roads in India are mostly flexible type and made of bituminous concrete.
As bitumen is been extracted from naturally occurring crude oil therefore has its limitation on the
availability therefore there is the need of an alternative material. Their papers compose of literature and
processes for use of waste plastic in the construction of roads. And also aims to reduce the environmental
pollution created by plastic in economic way by using the plastic waste in the construction of road.
Bright Aforlaetal (2015): According to them by adding waste plastic the property of bitumen has
increased. With two per cent of polymer composition with AC-10 bitumen can give AVC-20bitumen
properties which will finally help in improving the marshal stability design life strength and other
desirable property. The asphalt pavement shows saving in usage of bitumen as consumption of waste
plastic increases. The disposal of waste plastic in the bituminous pavement construction is therefore a
permanent solution and hence which establish the safe and healthy environment.

Mahesh M Barad (2015): Proves that modified bitumen by polymer shows good properties as
compare to normal bitumen. But if we add more per cent of plastic in bitumen the blend gets separates
on cooling. And which finally affect the properties of bitumen. In the dry process the aggregate are
coated with plastic. The aggregate coated with plastic shows the improved binding properties as due to
increased area of contact between bitumen and polymer.

OBJECTIVE:
Basic intention is to efficiently utilize the waste plastic in constructive way, however main objectives of
current project work are:
 To coat the aggregates with the waste plastic materials.
 To check the properties of bituminous mix specimen.
 To check the properties of bituminous mix specimen due to coating of waste plastic materials.
To compare the properties of bituminous mix specimen with the properties of coated aggregates.

METHODOLOGY:
Following Tests were conducted to investigate the properties of the aggregate as well as bitumen.

TESTS FOR AGGREGATE

 Sieve Analysis of Aggregates
 Specific Gravity & Water Absorption Test [IS: 2386 (Part 3) 1963]
 Aggregate Impact Value Test [IS: 2386 (part 4) 1963]
 Aggregate Crushing Value [IS: 2386 (Part 4) 1963]
 Flakiness & Elongation Index Test [is: 2386 (part 1) 1963]

TESTS FOR BITUMEN

  Penetration Test [Is: 1203-1978]
 Softening Point Test [Is: 1205-1978]
 Ductility Test [IS: 1208-1978]
 Viscosity Test
 Flash Point and Fire Point

USE OF MATERIALS:
Bitumen – 60/70,80/100 grade bitumen was used for the present study the important quality of
bitumen which has made bitumen a popular material is its excellent binding property and get soften
when heated. The bitumen for bituminous mixes for wearing course with waste plastic shall comply
with the Indian Standard Specifications for viscosity graded paving bitumen IS 73. Guidelines for
selection for the grade of viscosity graded paving bitumen shall be under the IRC:111-2009.

Aggregate – The aggregate is one of the important materials used for flexible pavement
construction. The property selected and graded aggregates are mixed with bitumen to form hot mix
asphalt (HMA) pavement. Two types of aggregate are used like course & fine and size used 20mm
and 10mm.

Filler – The filler for dense graded mixes shall comply with IRC :111-2009. 6mm and stone dust &
lime Used as filler.

Waste plastic – Plastic is one of the materials which enhanced its binding property when softened,
Hence, this softened plastic material can be used as an effective binder in bitumen.

IMPACT:
The coating of molten-plastic over the aggregate will reduce water absorption. This shows that the voids
at the surface were reduced. Lesser the voids better the quality of the aggregate. Otherwise, the air
entrapped in the voids would cause oxidation of bitumen resulting in stripping, pothole formation etc.
Moreover, the presence of water in the voids is detrimental to adhesion between aggregate and the binder
namely bitumen. Hence the aggregate with lesser voids is considered to be good for better road
construction. These observations help to conclude that plastic-waste coated aggregate can be considered
as more suitable material for flexible pavement construction.

FUTURE SCOPE:
There is still a significant amount of work to be accomplished, here we are giving a beam of light to
possible future research.
◦ In 2015 the Indian govt made it mandatory for plastic to be used in constructing roads in large
cities of more than 500000 people.
 ◦ Right now, India has 2500 km of plastic roads.
◦ Use of plastic in flexible pavement has its advantages and disadvantages in its own right.
◦ The main objective of our future work is to check if these plastics give a good increment in
pavement design or not, by more experimental approach.

GANTT CHART:

REFERENCES:
1) https://www.nbmcw.com/article-report/infrastructure-construction/roads-and-
pavements/use-of-waste-plastic-in-construction-of-flexible-pavement.html
2) https://www.academia.edu/download/31117058/ARTICLE_01_APRIL_JUNE_201
2.pdf
3) https://www.ijert.org/a-review-on-use-of-plastic-in-bituminous-roads-pavements
4) Khan Amjad, Gangadhar, Murali Mohan Murali and Raykar Vinay,(1999) "Effective Utilization of Waste
Plastics in Asphalting of Roads", R.V. College Of Engineering, Bangalore.
5) S.E. Zoorob, L.B. Suparma.,(2000), “Laboratory design and investigation of the properties of
continuously graded Asphaltic concrete containing recycled plastics aggregate replacement (Plastiphalt)”,
Cement & Concrete Composites Vol. 22, School of Civil Engineering, (CEMU), The University of Leeds,
UK.
6) Niraj D. Bariaya, “Use of waste rubber tyres in constructions of bituminous roads-An Overview”,
International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 2,
Issue 7, July 2013 ISSN 2319 – 4847.
7) Tentative Guidelines On Use Of Polymer And Rubber Modified And Bitumen In Road Construction,
IRC:SP:53:1999.
8) 40 Tonnes of plastic waste each day, Times Of India, Chennai Edition.
 9) Shukla, R.S. and Jain, P.K., Improvement of waxy bitumen by the addition of synthetic rubbers, polymers
and resins. Highway Res.Bull., 1984, 38, 17:28

SIGNATURE OF SIGNATURE OF GUIDE

PROJECT CO-
ORDINATOR