Scheduling in LTE

Gwanmo Ku
Adaptive Signal Processing and Information Theory Research Group

Apr. 27, 2012

Outline
2/22

LTE Overview
Network & Signals
Physical Resources in Time & Frequency
Radio Protocol Architecture

Control Information for Scheduling Operation

Scheduling in LTE
Scheduling Operation
CQI Reporting for Scheduling
Schedulers in LTE

Summary & References

2/11

LTE Overview
Network & Signals : E-UTRAN, OFDMA/SC-FDMA
Physical Resources : Physical Resources, Resource Unit, Scheduling Unit
Radio Protocol Architecture : L1/L2/L3, Physical /Transport Channels
Control Information for Scheduling Information
Control & Data Regions
Control Information for Scheduling

LTE Network
4/22

LTE Network (E-UTRAN)

Internet

* EPC : Evolved Packet Core

* E-UTRAN : Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
* UE : User Equipment
* eNB : evolved Node B

LTE Signals
5/22

OFDMA & SC-FDMA(DFTS-OFDMA)

Downlink
Demands

Techniques

OFDMA
with CP

Multipath
Fading

Broadband, Multi-carriers
CP

Higher Data Rate

Reliability

Good Throughput
High PAPR
PAPR Issue

Uplink

SC-FDMA
With CP

Low PAPR
Fair Throughput

+
*2048

Used
Subcarriers
QPSK
16QAM
64QAM

- DFT

Subcarrier
Mapping

N-IFFT

CP /
P-S

Quadrature Modulation

0
* Except for MBMS (4096)

Physical Resources
6/22

Time & Frequency Resources

Frequency
(# Sub-carriers)
N=2048*
Null

Used Sub-carriers

Null

Slot
Sub-frame

0.5ms

Time
(Second)

1ms
10ms

Frame
Parameters (Except for MBMS : 4096/7.5 KHz, 2* )
System BW [MHz]

1.4

10

15

20

900

1200

2048 / 15 KHz

N / Freq. Spacing
# Used Subcarriers

72

180

300

600

Resource Unit
7/22

Physical Resource Block (PRB)

The Smallest User Assignment Resource Unit
Frequency
(#Subcarriers)

180 KHz
(12 Sub-carriers)

PRB

0.5 ms
(6 or 7)

Time
(# Symbols)

Parameters (Except for MBMS)

CP Type

# Symbols / Slot

Normal CP

Extended CP

Scheduling Unit
8/22

Sub-frame (2 Slots)
Smallest Scheduling Time Interval : TTI (1ms)
Frequency
(#PRBs)

USER Assign

PRB 1

PRB 1

PRB1

PRB1

PRB0

PRB0

DL/UL Conf.

1 ms (Sub-frame : 2 Slots)

Time

Parameters (Except for MBMS)

System BW [MHz]

1.4

10

15

20

# PRBs

6
(72)

15
(180)

25
(300)

50
(600)

75
(900)

100
(1200)

(# Used Subcarriers )

Radio Protocol Architecture

9/22

Protocol Architecture around PHY

Layer 3

Radio Resource Control (RRC)

Logical Channels

Layer 2

Medium Access Control (MAC)

Control /
Measurements

Transport Channels

Layer 1

Physical Layer (PHY)

Logical Channels : Type of information

Transport Channels : How the information is transferred

Physical/Transport Channels
10/22

Transport Channels Physical Channel

Layer 2

Medium Access Control (MAC)

Broadcasting

Transport
Channels

BCH

Paging
MCH

PCH

Multicasting

Random Access
DL-SCH

UL-SCH

Data

Data

RACH

Physical Layer (PHY)

Layer 1

DCI
PBCH

Physical
Channels

PMCH

PHICH

PDSCH

PCFICH

PDCCH

PUCCH

DL Control
Scheduling Information

UL Control

PUSCH

PRACH

Control Information for Scheduling

11/22

Scheduling Information : PDCCH

PRB

Slot 2i

Slot 2i+1

PCFICH

PDSCH

PDCCH

Information
of the
length of
Control
Region

Sub-frame i

PRB 1
PRB 0
Symbol 0 Symbol 1 Symbol 2

Control Region

1 Symbol 0 Symbol 1 Symbol 2

Data Region
(Reference : p. 57 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0 (2009-12))

Scheduling Information : DCI in PDCCH

12/22

DCI Formats
DCI Formats
UL Scheduling

DL Scheduling

Purpose
0

Scheduling + TPC for PUSCH

Scheduling for PDSCH, TPC for PUCCH

1A

Compact Scheduling for PDSCH, TPC for PUCCH

1B

MIMO Compact Scheduling for PDSCH, TPC for PUCCH

1C

Very Compact Scheduling for PDSCH

1D

Compact Scheduling for PDSCH with Power Offset, TPC for PUCCH

Closed Loop MIMO Compact Scheduling for PDSCH, TPC for PUCCH

2A

Open Loop MIMO Compact Scheduling for PDSCH, TPC for PUCCH

TPC for PUCCH, PUSCH 2bit Power Adjustment

3A

TPC for PUCCH, PUSCH 1bit Power Adjustment

UL Power Control

User Identification C-RNTI

13/22

User Identification
With C-RNTI (Cell specific Radio Network Temporary Identifier)

DCI

CRC
Attachment

DCI +
16 bit CRC scrambled with
RNTI
DCI

(DCI + RNTI)mod2

(Reference : p. 56 3GPP TS 36.212 V8.8.0 (2009-12))

2/11

Scheduling in LTE

Basic Scheduling Operations

Resource Assignment

CQI Reporting for Schedulers

Schedulers in LTE
Example : DL Scheduling

Basic Scheduling Operation

15/22

Purpose
Efficient SCH(Data) Resources Assignments

Consideration
Traffic Volume, QoS (Buffer Status, Priority)
Channel Condition

Scheduling Interval
Dynamic Scheduling by MAC : One TTI (1ms : One Sub-frame)
Semi-Persistent for VoIP : Multiple TTIs by RRC

Resource Assignment : PRBs & Associated MCS

Resource Assignment
16/22

Per UE # PRBs Assignment

Channel Dependent Resource Allocation
User Assignment based on Channel Quality

CQI / MCS / TBS

eNB
1. DL RS
2. CQI Reporting
UE
3. DL Transmission

MCS
PRBs

Spectral Efficiency

Transport Block Size

CQI Reporting for Scheduling

17/22

Reporting modes
Frequency

Wideband
Or
Sub-band

Periodic or Aperiodic

Time

In time : Periodic (PUCCH/PUSCH) & Aperiodic (PUSCH)

In Frequency
Wide-band CQI : 4 bit
Differential Sub-band CQI : 2 bit (Sub-band CQI Wideband CQI)
Differential Spatial CQI : 3bit for MIMO

Schedulers in LTE
18/22

MAC Schedulers

PDCP : Packet Data Convergence Protocol

ARQ : Automatic Repeat Request

ROHC : Robust Header Compression

HARQ : Hybrid ARQ

DL Scheduling
19/22

DL MAC Scheduler
CQI

ACK/NACK

User N
User 1

MAC Scheduler

HARQ

Retransmission
Modulation Scheme

Resource Assignment

N Transport Blocks
(Dynamic Size for N Users)

CRC

Redundancy for Error Detection

Coding + RM

Redundancy for Data Detection

Data Modulation

QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

Resource Mapping

Power Assignment
Antenna Mapping

Antenna Mapping

Multi-Antenna
Processing

2/11

Conclusion & References

Summary
21/22

LTE Overview
LTE Network, Physical Resources
Signaling Scheduling Information in PHY

Scheduling in LTE
PRB & MCS Assignment
CQI Reporting Process for Schedulers
MAC Schedulers in LTE

DL Scheduling Process

References
22/22

LTE Web
www.3gpp.org

LTE L1(PHY) Standards

TS 36201 : LTE PHY Overview
TS 36211 : LTE PHY Modulation
TS 36212 : LTE Multiplexing and Channel Coding
TS 36213 : LTE PHY related Procedures
TS 36214 : LTE Measurements

LTE L2/L3(MAC/RRC) Standards

TS 36300 : LTE L2/L3 Overview
TS 36321 : LTE MAC
TS 36331 : LTE RRC