Professional Documents
Culture Documents
7 - EM in Material Mediaaknsdlnsadn
7 - EM in Material Mediaaknsdlnsadn
Jc = E
= r o
= r o
75
Electromagnetic Fields
E = j H
H = E + j E = j( j )E
E = E 2 E = j H
= j(J c + j E)
2 E = j( + j )E
76
Electromagnetic Fields
2E x
z2
= j( + j )E x = 2 E x
E x ( z) = A exp( z) + B exp( z)
1 E x
+ j
H y ( z) =
=
( A exp( z) B exp( z) )
j z
j
1
= ( A exp( z) B exp( z) )
77
Electromagnetic Fields
= e
j
=
+ j
For the propagation constant, one can obtain the real and imaginary
parts as
j( + j ) = + j
1 + 1
=
=
1 + + 1
1/ 2
1/ 2
78
Electromagnetic Fields
vp =
2
f
1+
( )
1+
( )
+ 1
1 / 2
+ 1
1 / 2
A exp( z j ) =
A exp( z) exp( j z j )
79
Electromagnetic Fields
In time-dependent form
= A exp( z) cos( t z + )
H y ( z, t ) =
=
A exp( z) cos( t z + )
A = A exp( j)
80
Electromagnetic Fields
Classification of materials
Perfect dielectrics - For these materials = 0
Propagation constant
Phase velocity
= r o r o
=0
1
vp = =
r o r o
Medium Impedance
Wavelength
j
r o
=
=
j
r o
2 v p
1
=
=
=
f
f r o r o
81
Electromagnetic Fields
j( + j ) = j 1 j
+ j +
2
2
1
vp =
j
=
=
+ j
Amanogawa, 2006 Digital Maestro Series
2
1
=
f
j
1 j
j
82
Electromagnetic Fields
0.1
83
Electromagnetic Fields
j ( + j )
j = j
1
1
= exp( j ) =
+ j
= f (1 + j )
2
4
2
f
4 f
vp =
j
=
+ j
2
=
4
f
j
=
exp( j )
f
1
1
=
+ j
=
(1 + j )
2
2
Amanogawa, 2006 Digital Maestro Series
84
Electromagnetic Fields
10
and the
85
Electromagnetic Fields
1
1
==
= Skin depth
f
A typical good conductor is copper, which has the following
parameters:
= 5.80 10 7 [S/m]
o
o
86
Electromagnetic Fields
4.0 [S/m]
80 o
o
At a frequency of 25 kHz
36, 000
87
Electromagnetic Fields
For this material, the attenuation is also infinite and the skin depth
goes to zero. This means that the electromagnetic field must go to
zero below the perfect conductor surface.
General medium - When a material is not covered by one of the limit
cases, the complete formulation must be used. We can classify a
material for which the conditions (/)<<1 or (/)>>10 are
invalid as a general medium.
The simple rule of thumb for general medium is
10 >
> 0.1
88