Intensive Goat Breeding Farm

Pre-Feasibility Study
Intensive Goat Breeding Farm
Small and Medium Enterprise Development Authority

Government of Pakistan
www.smeda.org.pk
HEAD OFFICE
6th Floor, LDA Plaza, Egerton Road, Lahore.
Tel: (042) 111-111-456, Fax: (042) , 6304926, 6304927
Helpdesk@smeda.org.pk
REGIONAL OFFICE
PUNJAB
8th Floor, LDA Plaza, Egerton
Road, Lahore.
Tel: (042) 111-111-456
Fax: (042) 6304926, 6304927
helpdesk@smeda.org.pk
REGIONAL OFFICE
SINDH
REGIONAL OFFICE
NWFP
REGIONAL OFFICE
BALOCHISTAN
5TH Floor, Bahria

Complex II, M.T. Khan Road,
Karachi.
Tel: (021) 111-111-456
Fax: (021) 5610572
Helpdesk-khi@smeda.org.pk
Ground Floor
State Life Building
The Mall, Peshawar.
Tel: (091) 9213046-47
Fax: (091) 286908
helpdesk-pew@smeda.org.pk
Bungalow No. 15-A

Chaman Housing Scheme
Airport Road, Quetta.
Tel: (081) 2831623, 2831702
Fax: (081) 831922
helpdesk-qta@smeda.org.pk
Dec, 2009
Pre-feasibility Study
DISCLAIMER
The purpose and scope of this information memorandum is to introduce the subject matter and
provide a general idea and information on the said area. All the material included in this
document is based on data/information gathered from various sources and is based on certain
assumptions. Although, due care and diligence has been taken to compile this document, the
contained information may vary due to any change in any of the concerned factors, and the
actual results may differ substantially from the presented information. SMEDA does not assume
any liability for any financial or other loss resulting from this memorandum in consequence of
undertaking this activity. Therefore, the content of this memorandum should not be relied upon
for making any decision, investment or otherwise. The prospective user of this memorandum is
encouraged to carry out his/her own due diligence and gather any information he/she considers
necessary for making an informed decision. The content of the information memorandum does
not bind SMEDA in any legal or other form.
DOCUMENT CONTROL
Document No.
PREF-20
Prepared by
SMEDA-Balochistan
Issue Date
Dec, 2009
Issued by
SMEDA-Balochistan
II
BAL-PREF-10/June, 2008
Table of Contents
1
Purpose of the document............................................................................... 2
Project Profile................................................................................................ 2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
Project Brief ................................................................................................................2

Opportunity Rationale..................................................................................................2
Market Entry Timing ...................................................................................................3
Proposed Business Legal Status ...................................................................................3
Proposed Product Mix .................................................................................................3
Production Capacity.....................................................................................................4
Project Investment .......................................................................................................4
Recommended Project Parameters ...............................................................................4
Suitable Location.........................................................................................................4
Key Success Factors/Practical Tips for Success ...........................................................4
Strategic Recommendations.........................................................................................5
CURRENT INDUSTRY STRUCTURE ...................................................... 5

3.1
World ..........................................................................................................................5
3.2
Asia .............................................................................................................................7
3.3
Pakistan .......................................................................................................................7
3.3.1
Province-wise distribution of breeds...................................................................10
3.3.2
Important Goat Breeds of Pakistan. ....................................................................11
3.4
Balochistan................................................................................................................12
3.4.1
Prevalent system of Livestock production in Balochistan ...................................13
3.4.2
Characteristics of Some Breeds Recommended for Goat Farming: .....................13
3.4.3
Feed Resources ..................................................................................................14
3.4.4
Problems and Issues faced by the Livestock Sector of Balochistan .....................15
3.4.5
Balochistans Contribution to the Sector ............................................................17
Market analysis ............................................................................................20

4.1
Marketing Channels...................................................................................................20
4.2
Wholesale Market Locations......................................................................................23
4.2.1
Mode of Transportation:.....................................................................................23
4.2.2
Special occasions of marketing: .........................................................................24
FARM PRODUCTION SYSTEM...............................................................24

5.1
Fodder Farm ..............................................................................................................24
5.1.1
Farm Inputs........................................................................................................24
5.2
Goat Breeding............................................................................................................25
5.2.1
Area required for goat breeding farm .................................................................25
5.2.2
Human Resource required for goat breeding farm ..............................................25
5.2.3
Proposed Goat breeding practice ........................................................................25
5.2.4
Routine for feeding and milking .........................................................................26
III
5.2.5
Diseases and Treatments ....................................................................................27
MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS...........................28
LAND AND BUILDING REQUIREMENT ...............................................28

7.1
Recommended Mode .................................................................................................29
PROJECT ECONOMICS ...........................................................................30

8.1
8.2
Project Cost ...............................................................................................................30

Project Returns ..........................................................................................................30
FINANCIALANALYSIS .............................................................................31
9.1
9.2
9.3
10
10.1
10.2
10.3
Projected Income Statement.......................................................................................31

Projected Balance Sheet.............................................................................................32
Projected Cash Flow Statement..................................................................................33
Key Assumptions ......................................................................................34

Breed Plan .................................................................................................................34
Revenue Assumption Rs. .........................................................................................35
COGS........................................................................................................................35
IV
Introduction to SMEDA
The Small and Medium Enterprise Development Authority (SMEDA) was established with the
objective to provide fresh impetus to the economy through the launch of an aggressive SME
support program.1
Since its inception in October 1998, SMEDA had adopted a sectoral SME development
approach. A few priority sectors were selected on the criterion of SME presence. In depth
research was conducted and comprehensive development plans were formulated after
identification of impediments and retardants. The all-encompassing sectoral development
strategy involved recommending changes in the regulatory environment by taking into
consideration other important aspects including financial aspects, niche marketing, technology
upgradation and human resource development.
SMEDA has so far successfully formulated strategies for sectors including, fruits and vegetables,
marble and granite, gems and jewelry, marine fisheries, leather and footwear, textiles, surgical
instruments, urban transport and dairy. Whereas the task of SME development at a broader scale
still requires more coverage and enhanced reach in terms of SMEDAs areas of operation.
Along with the sectoral focus a broad spectrum of business development services is also offered
to the SMEs by SMEDA. These services include identification of viable business opportunities
for potential SME investors. In order to facilitate these investors, SMEDA provides business
guidance through its help desk services as well as development of project specific documents.
These documents consist of information required to make well-researched investment decisions.
Pre-feasibility studies and business plan development are some of the services provided to
enhance the capacity of individual SMEs to exploit viable business opportunities in a better way.
This document is in the continuation of this effort to enable potential investors to make wellinformed investment decisions.
For more information on services offered by SMEDA, please visit our website: www.smeda.org.pk
1
BAL-PREF-20/Dec, 2009
PURPOSE OF THE DOCUMENT
The objective of the pre-feasibility study is primarily to facilitate potential entrepreneurs in

project identification for investment. The project pre-feasibility may form the basis of an
important investment decision and in order to serve this objective, the document/study covers
various aspects of project concept development, start-up, and production, finance and business
management.
PROJECT PROFILE
The project is related to setting up a Fully Intensive Goat Breeding Farm in promising areas of
Balochistan. The document highlights all the marketing, management, and financial aspects
required for the establishment and successful running of the project.
2. 1
Project Brief
The farm will serve as breeding and rearing farm for goats. The project can be established in
promising areas for goat breeding where abundance of fresh water is available. The proposed
farm will ensure the breeding of disease free animal as it will overcome the disadvantage of
bringing the diseases from the animal markets (Mandi).
The project will attain a completely new breed through the cross of the female local goats with
the crossed male goats, like Kamori etc. By this, after two breeding cycles the project will
develop its own breed that is most suitable to the local environment.
The total project investment is Rs. 4.78 million with a Project Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of
28 %. The total project investment would be paid back in approximately 4.15 years.
2. 2
Opportunity Rationale
The widening demand and supply gap makes the goat farming to be a profitable venture. The
livestock owners having some fixed land base should be encouraged to undertake intensive
farming which in the beginning would be little expensive but with the current lucrative price
structure of meat throughout the country coupled with its developing exports potentials, would
prove profitable enterprise. With the switching over to fully-intensive farming which would
warrant availability of quality breed, stall/ supplementary feeding, non-conventional and
economical feeding techniques and improved genetic material, the livestock farming can become
a cost effective enterprise with its down stream positive effects in the farming community. The
country can thus also be benefited with increased productivity of animal protein.
The selection and development of proper breed is most suitable as per the environment of the
area whereas the nutrition is the most important factor to be considered. Though the people are
aware of the best breeds but still the conventional farm practices put constraints to the same.
Instead of looking for a best cross breed via continuous cycles, they do not give much attention
to utilizing only those animals for breeding that can provide the best results. Also nutrition is a
serous limiting factor in the livestock industry of Balochistan with the result that many animals
arrive at the market in less than optimal body condition with body weight on the lower end.
There is a dire need to ensure feed availability round the year with proper protein contents for
2
increasing livestock productivity rather then its numbers. Such a situation directs to adopt non
conventional feed preparation and feeding techniques like treatment of wheat/ rice straws and
other crop residues with urea or ammonia, molasses bocks, silage making ,concentrate mixtures
with low cost formulae, feed lots, semi intensive farming and ewe flushing etc. such techniques
have already been tested and demonstrated to the farmers under different projects.
Based on the above facts, this pre-feasibility for goat farm consisting of 377 goats using stall
feeding with intensive animal health coverage has been prepared for interested entrepreneurs as a
guidance tool.
2. 3
Market Entry Timing
Demand and supply fluctuates during the year depending upon Eid-ul Azha and winter season. If
the farmer is targeting Eid for sale of its young stock, It is suggested that female stock ready for
breeding is purchased at least 12 to 14 Months before the next Eid. Normally best time for the
impregnation of a goat is during the months of March, April, May and October. As it takes
around 5 Months for giving birth, therefore kids born have sufficient feed, and prove to be a
healthy stock.
Peak Season: supply and demand for goats and sheep are at peak before Eid-ul Azha, due to
mass slaughter for Qurbani. A large Number of middlemen come to markets from Punjab,
Quetta, Sindh and other areas to buy stocks and transport them to their areas.
Another season with higher supply and demand is the months of November and December. In
these months lambs and kids become adult, gain weight and no more depend on their mothers,
and producers bring them to market for sale. Thirdly, Nomad and other livestock breeders want
to sell their surplus stock because it is very difficult to breed them in winter.
Off-peak Season: June and July is off-peak season for livestock supply and demand because
February, March and April are reproductive season for goats and sheep and newly born lambs
and kids depend on mother. Moreover, consumption of meat decreases during summer. In this
season, goats and sheep are also used for milking purpose.
2. 4
Proposed Business Legal Status
The business can be started as sole proprietorship or partnership because of great potential
involved. Furthermore, comparatively fewer complications are involved in forming,
administering and running the sole proprietorship or partnership businesses.
2. 5
Proposed Product Mix
The farm would focus on the breeding and rearing of young male stock for marketing to the goat
fattening farms. The kids after attaining the age of 7 Months, will be sold to the farm owners and
domestic buyers interested in the fattening of goats. Additionally the raw materials produced
would be extra green fodder which would be sold in local markets to other livestock farmers.
Once the farm has been established surplus female stock of breeding age i.e after ten months
could also be sold in market since it brings a better price as compared to young females of non
breeding age.
3
Production Capacity
2. 6
The farm will start production with 110 adult females for production which will increase to 146
adult females. The over all farm size at this capacity would be around 377 animals including
Young Male and Female Progeny and Female stock of breeding age. The number of adult
breeding females has been kept limited because very large herd would be difficult to manage.
Project Investment
2. 7
The total project investment is Rs 4.78 Million which includes working capital of Rs. 0.17 and
capital cost of Rs 4.6 Million. It is assumed that the project would be totally equity financed.
Recommended Project Parameters
2. 8
Table No. 1
Max Capacity
Human
Resource
Technology/Machinery
Location
146 Adult breeding

Females
Local Made
Central and Southern

Districts of
Balochistan
Financial Summary
Total Cost
IRR
NPV
Pay Back Period
Cost Of Capital
(WACC)
Rs. 4.78 M
28 %
3,175,236
4.15 Years
16%
Suitable Location
2. 9
The suitable areas to establish sheep farm are northern, Southern and central Balochistan.
2. 10
Key Success Factors/Practical Tips for Success
Livestock is one of the Major Strength of Balochistan. It is an integral part of the rural
Traditional Farming is in practice in the province for Centuries.
There is a great demand of livestock especially in Middle Eastern countries.
Northern and central Balochistan have the ideal climate for razing our local species of Goat
and Sheep.
Fully intensive farming is relatively economical with better results.
Fully intensive breeding farm has lesser chances of diseases in the animal, as only the
parent breed is purchased one time at the start of project.
Availability of Trained Labour for Farming
Local Availability of Raw material and own green fodder at almost 1/3 of the market rate
4
2. 11
Strategic Recommendations
Establishment of the farms in areas where cheap land is available, but still not very far from
the animal markets.
The farming should be done on scientific grounds taking care of Vaccination, Medicine etc.
Healthy and attractive local female without horn should be selected, as it has better
characteristics compatible with the local environment.
Healthy and quality male stock should be selected for breeding.
New feeding techniques including concentrate feeding and preparation of urea molasses
blocks, wheat straw treatment should be used for better results.
Well-trained/experienced staff adding in the efficiency of the farm.
CURRENT INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

3. 1
World
The income of people, meat prices, health consciousness, culture, and religious beliefs are the
factors that may shape the demand of meat within a specific country. Through out the world
ethnic groups mainly contribute to the demand of meat. For example a country with higher
number of immigrants will exhibit a society of mixed and diversified ethnic groups. Many of
these groups have some festivals during which the demand of meat is enormously affected. The
world average per capita consumption of meat is around 2.5 pounds. The following describes
information used by New Zealand in describing the types of products that they attempt to deliver
to international markets (M. Miller 1999, Pinkerton 1995):
Taiwan. Taiwanese consumers prefer skin-on carcasses with dress weights between 22 to 35
pounds. Goat meat in this market must be extremely lean with strong flavor. Demand in Taiwan
peaks between June and the Chinese new year when most religious celebrations are held (the
Chinese new year changes from year to year).
Malaysia. Consumers in Malaysia desire both skin-on and skin-off carcasses. Skin-on carcasses
must weigh between 30 and 35 pounds. Skin-off carcasses should weigh between 30 and 44
pounds. Malaysian consumers also require a lean meat. Skin-off product is used in wet dishes,
curries, and stews. Skin-on product is used in traditional Chinese recipes. Malaysian consumers
prefer intact male carcasses and prefer to slaughter their own animals.
Italy and Greece. The Italian and Greek markets prefer younger goats with carcass weights
between 15 and 20 pounds (kids between 8 and 16 weeks old). Depending on the time of season,
consumers may be more flexible in their weight preferences. Consumers from these areas buying
for Easter and Christmas prefer even lighter kids (In terms of liveweight the animal should weigh
between 18 to 28 pounds (carcass weight 9 to 14 pounds). Kids fitting this weight range will
normally be somewhere between 4 and 12 weeks of age).
Singapore. Consumers in Singapore prefer skin-off carcasses with heavier dressing weights (up
to 55 pounds). A lean product is preferred for use in wet dishes and curries.
5
Caribbean (West Africa). The Caribbean market is a sensitive market requiring skin-off, frozen
carcass between 24 and 40 pounds. Other products used include 4 to 6 pound packages of cubed,
bone-in pieces from older less conditioned goats. Given acceptable prices, there also seems to be
some demand for 6 way cuts (carcass divided into two legs, two loins, and two forequarters).
Specific information about position of cuts can be found in Millers The NSW Goat Meat
Industry (1999). Jamaicans are a main buyer of mature bucks.
Korea. Goat meat consumption in Korea is based on religious and medicinal beliefs concerning
the meat. Korean customers require a skin-on carcass, but specific characteristics (weight,
leanness, etc.) vary depending on the final purpose.
Latino. Latino consumers use larger goats with less condition throughout the year. Consumption
is extremely sensitive to price for these animals. In addition, Latino consumers demand Cabrito
(milk fed kids between the age of 4 and 10 weeks weighing between 15 and 25 pounds). Cabrito
is used for special occasions and as such is less sensitive to pricing.
Table 3. Religious Holidays, Significance and Meat Preferences
Holiday
Religious Significance
Meat Specification
Christmas
Celeberate the birth of Hazrat Issa

(Al.S.)
Milk fed kids, but hard to get

because it required out of season
breeding. Quality control not as
important as is the case with Easter
Milk fed kids with relatively light
colored meat, 3 months old or
younger. Kids weighing less than 20
lbs are disappointing to buyers due
to low meat to bone ratios and high
carcass drying losses. Slight price
penalties for kids weighing over 40
lbs. acceptable weights generally
range from 20 to 50 lbs with 25 lbs
considered optimum by buyers
Easter
Celeberate the Resurrection

Hazrat Issa (Al.S.)
Christian
Palm Sunday
Good Friday
The Sunday preceding Easter

Sunday. Palm Sunday is a day that
many
christian
churches
commemorate Jesus entry into
Jerosalem
Also known as Easter Friday. A day

Christians remember as to be the
crucification (as per their point of
view) of Jesus
6
of
Jews
Passover
An 8 day observance or celeberation

commemorating the freedom of the
Israelites from Egypt. It is considered
a time of family gathering and lavish
meals called Seders
Hanukkah
Commemorates the rededication of

the Jerussalem temple by Judah
Maccabee in 165 B.C
Rosh Hashanah
The Jewish new year. Rosh

Hashanah begins the 10 day period
known as the High Holy Days
Milk fed kids, but hard to get

because it required out of season
breeding. Quality control not as
important as is the case with Easter
Islamic
Ramadan
Eid al Fitr
The ninth Month of Lunar Calender.

Muslims fast during the daylight
hours of the this holy month.
Celeberation at the end of Ramadan.
Eid al Adha
The commemoration of Hazrat

Abrahim's Willingness to sacrifice
everything, even his son for God.
Male and female kids with all of their

milk teeth. Males can be whole or
castrated. Optimum liveweight is
about
60
lbs.
Properly
slaughtered/Halal Yearling animals
with one set of teeth. Yearling
animals with one set of teeth.
Source: www.auri.org
3. 2
Asia
Asia and Pacific have a goat population of about 271 million, representing 58% of the total
world population. These contribute 62% meat, 49% milk and 62% skin. There are 22 goat
indigenous breeds are found in various parts of the world. Animal products contribute over 56
million tons of edible protein and over 1 billion mega calories of energy annually. This protein is
equivalent to more than 50% of protein produced from all cereals. The heaviest concentrations
are found in China, India, Pakistan, Indonesia and Bangladesh, which is together 78% of the total
population in Asia.
3. 3
Pakistan
Livestock is one of the Major Strength of Pakistan. It is an integral part of the rural economy and
contributed 51.8 percent of the Agricultural Value added, amounting to 11.3 percent in the
national GDP during the year 2008-2009. Gross Value addition of Livestock at current cost
factor has increased from Rs. 1,052 billion (2007-08) to Rs. 1,287 billion (2008-090, showing an
increase of 22.3%. the value of livestock is 6.1% more than the combined value of major and
minor crops. As per the statistics released by the Federal Bureau of Statistics, the exports of
7
meat and meat preparations increased to 2,824 Metric Ton with a value of $ 6.9 million in 2009,
as compared to 1,855 Metric Ton with a value of $ 4.5 million.
While involving a number of government and trade organizations, private enterprises, producers
and consumers as stakeholders, the sector provides precious components of foreign exchange
earnings through export of wool, carpets and leather products.
There are a number of systems for (sheep) and goat raising in Pakistan. These include nomadic,
transhumant and sedentary flocks and househeld goats. Nomadic flocks are constantly moving in
search of grazing, whereas transhumant flocks have a fixed base to which they return during
specific season of the year Grazing available to both types is usually set by tribal/local customs.
There are well-established migration routes usually based on water availability and grazing land.
Most kids are born during early spring when flocks are in the milder climates. All female progeny
are kept for flock replacement or build-up, but nearly all males are sold before one year of age.
Most of the feed for nomadic flocks is derived from rangelands, which is generally free.
Transhumant flocks have access to grazing of crop stubbles in their permanent bases, thus making
feed supply more reliable. Goats are generally milked for subsistence needs as goat milk is rarely
sold in the markets. Sedentary flocks derive most of their feed from grazing wasteland, crop
stubbles and nearby rangelands and return to the village/base each night Performance may be
similar to transhumant flocks. Female offsprings are kept as replacements and all males are sold
before the age of one year after weaning. Small units, of 4-5 animals, are kept by many rural
householders. They are kept in confinement near the house and fed on scraps and weeds although
some offspring are sold, most is kept for family consumption, especially for ceremonial sacrifice.
The population of goats in 2005-06 was 55.2 Million which increased to 58.3 Million in 200809.
8
Figure No. 1
Goat Population in Pakistan

59
58.3
58.5
Population(Million)
58
57.5
57
56.7
56.5
Series1
56
55.5
55.2
55
54.5
54
53.5
2006-07
2007-08
Year
Source: Economic Survey of Pakistan 2008-2009
9
2008-2009
Figure No 2
Mutton Prodution in Pakistan

595,000
590,000
590,000
Prouction (Tons)
585,000
578,000
580,000
575,000
Series1
570,000
566,000
565,000
560,000
555,000
550,000
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
Year
Note : The production is calculated by applying production paramaters to the projected population of 2006-2009 based on the inter-census growth
rate of livestock census growth rate of livestock census 1996-2006. Source: Economic Survey of Pakistan 2008-2009
3.3.1 Province-wise distribution of breeds.

Balochistan
(3):
Kajli, Khurrasani and Lehri.
NWFP
(3):
Damani, Gaddi and Kaghani.
Punjab
(4):
Beetal, Dera Din Panah, Nachi and Teddy.
Sindh
(11):
Barbari, Bugri, Chapper, Jattan, Kamori, Kurri, Lohri, Pateri, Sindh

Desi, Tapri and Tharki.
NAs
(5):
Baltistani, Jarakheil, Kohai Ghizer, Labri and Piamiri.
AJK
(7):
Beiari, Buchi, Jattal, Kail, Kooti, Pothohari and Shurri.
10
3.3.2 Important Goat Breeds of Pakistan.

Milk Breeds
Meat
Mohair
Skin
Beetal
Barbari
Pak Angora
Beetal
Dera Din Panah
Chapper
Bilkaneri
Dera Din Panah
Kamori
Teddy
Kaghani
Nachi
Khurasani
Main Characteristics of Goat Breeds of Pakistan

Goat Breed
Principal
Product
Baltistani
Barbari/Bari
Milk and Meat

Milk and Meat
Beetal
Milk and Meat
Beiari
Buchi
Meat
Meat and Hair
Bugi Toori
Meat, and Hair
Bujri
Milk, Meat and

Hair
Meat
Chappar/Kohistani/Jab
li
Damani
Dera Din Panah
Gaddi
Jarakheil
Jattal
Milk, Meat, and

Hair
Milk, Meat And
Hair
Milk, Meat and
Hair
Milk and Meat
Milk, Meat and
Geographic Areas of
Concentration
Max
28.8
40
Min
25.6
25
Daily
Milk
Yield
(L)
1.1
1.00
55
45
1.8-2.7
25
30
20
22
0.9
0.6
33
25
0.5-0.75
45
35.5
1-1.25
Dadu, Jacobabad,
Nawabshah, Tharparker,
Karachi, and Lasbela
Dera Ismail Khan and
Peshawer
Muzzaffargarh, Leiah, and
Multan
Kaghan Valley
27
23
0.65-9
35
30
1.1-1.4
55
50
1.3-2.2
50
41
0.4-0.7
Chilas in Diamir
Kotli and Mirpur
51.5
23
42
19
1.39
0.53
Baltistan in Northern Areas

Dadu, Sukkur, Nawabshah,
and Mirpurkhas in Sindh.
Sahiwal, Lahore, Jhang,
Faisalabad, & Sargodha in
Punjab
Multan, Sahiwal, Lahore,
Faisalabad, Sargodha,
Jhang, Okara, Jhelum,
Gujranwala, Gujrat and
Sialkot
Kotli and Mirpur
Neelam Valley and
Muzzafarabad
Eastern Parts of Hyderabad
and Tando Allah Yar
Badin and Thatta
11
Adult Weight
Kg
Jattan
Kachan/Kachiani
Kail
Kajli (Pahari)
Hair
Milk and Meat
Milk and Meat
Kaghani
Meat and Hair

Meat, Hair and
Milk
Hair and Meat
Kamori
Milk and Meat
Khurassani
Milk and Meat
Koh-I-Ghizer
Kooti
Kurri
Meat
Milk and Meat
Milk and Meat
Labri
Lehri
Milk and Meat

Hair and Meat
Lohri
Meat
Nachi
Pamiri
Milk and Meat

Meat
Potohari
Meat
Shurri
Sindh Desi
Meat and Hair

Milk and Meat
Tapri or Lappi
Milk and Meat
Tharki or Tharri
Meat
Teddy
Meat
3. 4
mirpurkhas
Hyderbad and Parts of
Badin. Also in Lasbela
Azad Kashmir
Loralai in Balochistan, and
DG Khan in Punjab
Kaghan Valey (Abbottabad,
mansehra, Kohistan and
Swat)
Hyderabad,Nawabshah,
Larkana
Quetta, Loralai, Zhob,
Chagi
Strip along Kohi-Ghizer
Neelam Valley
Kandhkot, Jacobabad,
Sukur, Nawabshah and
Kashmore
Muzzaffargarh and Poonch
Lehri Town in Kachi area of
Sibi
Kacha area of River Indus,
Dadu, Larkana, Khaipur,
Sukkur
Bhawalpur, Multan, Sahiwal
Hunza near Khunjrab and
adjoining Pamir region
Potohar area in Punjab and
Poonch
Muzafarabad and Poonch
Dadu, Shikarpur, Sukkur,
Nawabshah
Khipro and Khairpur
District
Semi arid and arid parts of
Thar
Gujrat, Jhelum, Sargodha,
and Rawalpindi
78
68
50
45
1.5-3
2-3
28.12
30
23.58
25
0.62
0.9-1.3
37
32
0.4-0.7
60
50
1.8-2.2
30
25
0.9-1.3
41
20
50
35.6
15
35
0.97
0.71
1
45
33
35
30
1.12
0.9
58
45
0.75
38
40.5
32
36
0.6-0.9
0.8
28
22
0.73
38
27.2
30
22.2
0.9
0.9-1.8
33
25
0.5-1.0
32
24
0.5-0.75
34
23
Balochistan
Balochistan area wise is the largest province of Pakistan with a total land mass of 348,189 sq.km.
it has a variety of geographic features including mountains, deserts, rangelands, forests and
coastal line. Due to the low rainfall extensive crop culture operations are not possible in all the
12
areas. It is estimated that about 15 per cent of the rangeland are located in areas having more
than 250 mm annual rainfall, which can support perennial grasses and shrubs. Hence, barring
some portions of Loralai and Zhob districts, rest of the land surface does not even support
rearing of livestock throughout the year thus necessitating seasonal migration of nomadic and
transhumant grazers to find feed for their livestock, which include mostly sheep, goats and lesser
number of cattle and camels. In spite of difficult conditions for livestock industry, it occupies a
pivotal place in the economy of Balochistan due to being the mainstay of more than 75% of the
people inhabiting the countryside in the relative absence of other means of subsistence. Due to
recent drought particularly in Balochistan province which continued for almost 7 to 8 years the
livestock population dropped considerably. It also reduced the resistance of the remaining
livestock against diseases and other parasites.
3.4.1 Prevalent system of Livestock production in Balochistan
Being a range based livestock production system, it is mostly nomadic and pastoralists migrate
according to season, availability of feed for their flocks, opportunities for selling their own labor,
to and fro movement from summer and winter quarters adopting fixed migratory routes. Twice a
year, in spring and autumn, groups of nomads and transhumant livestock owners follow precise
itineraries to and from highlands of Balochistan. Two such itineraries can be distinguished as
under:i) The north-south migratory routes, usually followed by Pushtun nomads and transhumants.
ii) The east-west migratory routes, followed by Brahvi transhumants.
3. 4. 2
Characteristics of Some Breeds Recommended for Goat Farming:
Barbari/Bari
The Barbari is a meat type breed that is found in Tharparker, Nawabshah, Sukkur, Dadu districts
of Sindh, and Gujrat, Jehlum, Sargodha districts of Punjab. They are small sized with small
horns and hair. The color is white creamy to golden. Spotted animals also come across. Their
meat conformation is considered good. Triple kidding and early maturity are common features of
this goat. They give first breed within 14 to 18 Months, and the interval between offspring is 7 to
8 Months. Their hide is of good quality. In 110 days they produce 100 Kg milk.
Chappar/Kohistani/Jabal
Mostly this breed is found in Dadu, Jackobabad, Nawabshah, and Karachi of Sindh, and Lasbela
district of Balochistan. As the name reveals, they have the characteristics of Mountainous areas.
They are small sized with black body and fairly long hair coat, and small ear. The female gives
first offspring with in 15 to 18 Months. Milk period is 120 days with a total of around 91 kg
milk. The meat conformation is considered to be medium to good.
Desi/Kachan
13
This is a milk and meat breed reared in the Dadu, Shikarpur, Sukkur, and Nawabshah districts of
Sindh. This being a cross breed of Kamori and Desi have grayish black color. Their first
offspring comes with in 15 to 18 months and an offspring interval of 7-8 months. The single milk
period is 95 days with 136 Kg milk. The meat composition is considered to be good.
Kamori
The Kamori is a milk type found in Dadu, Larkana, Hyderabad, and Nawabshah districts of
Sindh. They are medium to large size with reddish brown or white and block spotted. They have
small horn and long ear. They have and long and developed body, and the udder and teats are
fairly developed. Average daily milk production is approximately 1.5 Liters.
3.4.3 Feed Resources
The feed can be classified into three types, namely, the Roughages, Green Forages, and
Concentrates. Further detail is as under:
Table 3. Classification of Feed Resources
Roughages
Green Forages
Concentrates
Summer
Forages
Winter
Forages
Energy
Sources
Protein Sources
Wheat Straw
Maize
Berseem
Maize
Cotton Seed Cake
Rice Straw
Sorghum
Lucern
Sorghum
Rapeseed Cake
Oat Straw
Millet
Oats
Wheat
Canola Meal
Pulses Straw
Mot Grass
Rye Grass
Oats
Corn Gluten Feed
Maize/Sorghum
Stubbles
Sada Bahar
Turnips
Barley
Maize Oil Cake
Sugarcane Baggase
Guara
Sugarcane
Tops
Mamni
Soybean Meal
Corn Cobs
Rice Polishing
Urea
Cotton Seed Hulls
Wheat Bran
Rice Bran
Molasses
14
Table 5. Production Brief of Some Feed Resources

Crops
Seed rate
Kg/ha
Sowing time
Method of
sowing
Green fodder
yield (t/ha)
Berseem
20-25
21st Sept- end

of Oct.
Broadcast in
standing water.
125-150
Lucerne
10-12
Mid Oct.- mid

Nov.
45 cm apart in
lines.
110-125
Oats
75-100
21st Sept.-
30 cm apart in
lines.
60-80
Sorghum
75-80
March-Aug.
-do-
50-60
S.S. hybrid
25-30
Mid Feb.- mid

Mar.
45 cm apart
lines in good
moisture
120-130
Millet
12-15
April-Aug.
30 cm apart in
lines
40-60
Guar
40-50
April-July
-do-
30-40
Cowpeas
30-35
March-July
45 cm apart
30-40
Source: Pakkissan
3.4.4 Problems and Issues faced by the Livestock Sector of Balochistan

Effect of Drought:
Drought was long recorded in Balochistan, but due to slow change and non-availability of
technical facilities drought was not noticed until its full effects were seen on the ground
especially on livestock. Drought has created a very big space in the population of livestock and
adversely affected the industry. Major share of local livestock is done by farmers in these areas.
This situation created great economic losses to the industry. The remaining Livestock has
declining growth, which is venerable to diseases. This situation decreases interest of the breeders
and industry is deteriorating slowly.
Issues related to production:
The most important issue in production is long-lasting drought that caused feed scarcity, scarcity
of feed, effected fertility, weight gain of animals, caused diseases and production losses. It also
increased cost of production and decreased breeders interest. Most of the local producers are
farmers residing in rural areas and drought badly affected their livestock.
15
Issues related to Diseases:

Like other animals goats also contract diseases and are affected by various viral infections, from
which they should be protected, otherwise it would lead to the loss of the production of meat and
milk. Therefore it is necessary to give them vaccines at specified times and also provide them
with other protective facilities. There are communicable and non-communicable diseases in
goats.
1. Communicable Diseases
Gul Ghoto (H.S.), Phurki, Sozish Huwana (Mastitis), Entrotoxaemia, Foot Rot, Blue
Tong, Thuri (Contagious Ecthyma), Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia
2. Non Communicable Diseases
Khansi (Bronchitis), Pneumonia, Impaction of Rumen, Colic, Khuni Ishaal (Dysentry),
Thun Sozish (Sore Teat), Rahm Sozish (Matranitis)
Issues related to Selling:
Monopoly of the middlemen is the most important issue in the markets; normally end users
consumers buy one or two heads and cannot buy whole flock, so sellers are bound to sell their
flocks to middlemen. Middlemen buy stocks on very low prices keep them for very few days and
sell on higher prices. Most of the sellers are nomads they are bound to sell their stocks to
middlemen before going to other area. This results in the low farm prices on the basis of half of
the live weight (Currently around Rs.150/Kg).
Another reason for the monopoly of middlemen is Local producer cannot stay in the market for a
long period; he is bound to sell his stock to middlemen. Yet another issue in selling is the
weakness of animals due to diseases and drought. Weak animals cannot be sold easily and on
good price.
Buying and selling activities are very low in the months of June and July which makes it difficult
for the small producers to sell their flocks.
Transportation of stock to other areas positively effects the sale and sale price. If local market is
not good, people take their flock to other markets nearby or to Punjab or Quetta. Now they are
becoming less and less dependent on middlemen. Transportation modes made the breeder
concern about their stocks, due to which they normally bring their sick stocks to hospital.
Issues affecting Sale Price:
Sale price is mostly affected by demand and supply; during peak season, i.e. Eid-ul- Azha prices
are very high due to higher demands. Other factors that affect prices are
Cost of rearing
Rainfall
Cultivation
Number of buyers from Punjab, Sindh and other areas
Season
Health of the stock
16
Issues affecting Meat and milk production:

Meat and milk production depends upon breeds. This is also affected by supply of feed, rainfall,
nutrition, cultivation and health of the animal.
Facilities in livestock markets:
There is none of the facility of water shelter, feed stores in any of the market of Loralai, Duki,
Nana sahib, Rakni, Muslim Bagh, Killa Saifullah and other markets in Balochistan. Only the
adjoining markets of Yusuf Goth and Sohrab Goth at Karachi are with relatively better sheds.
Some private shelters charge the seller Rs. 10 to 15 per head per day for keeping their animals.
However, feed houses are available there that sell feed of animal to seller or buyers. Veterinary
medical facilities are strongly needed, as sick animals come to these markets with out any check
up, causes diseases to other healthy animals.
3.4.5 Balochistans Contribution to the Sector
Table 4. Goats population Balochistan by Herd, Age, and Sex
Size of Herd
No of Goats One Year and Above
Total Goats
Young Stock
Below One
Year
Household
Reporting
No of Goats
Total
Male
001 to 005 Goats
60,440.00
204,323.00
130,750.00
32,785.00
97,968.00
006 to 015 Goats
104,275.00
1,027,602.00
695,438.00
167,384.00
528,052.00
332,169.00
016 to 030 Goats
75,284.00
1,667,741.00
1,151,588.00
267,073.00
884,520.00
516,152.00
031 to 050 Goats
39,038.00
1,533,571.00
1,080,883.00
247,155.00
833,721.00
452,694.00
051 to 075 Goats
20,135.00
1,235,118.00
871,674.00
175,363.00
696,314.00
363,440.00
076 to 100 Goats
9,959.00
872,778.00
638,026.00
115,147.00
522,882.00
234,754.00
101 to 150 Goats
10,328.00
1,263,452.00
920,414.00
177,747.00
742,664.00
343,038.00
151 to 200 Goats
4,743.00
826,501.00
621,179.00
146,274.00
474,902.00
205,319.00
201 to 350 Goats
4,199.00
1,111,427.00
802,578.00
185,223.00
617,356.00
308,851.00
351 Goats and

Above
3,391.00
2,042,193.00
1,355,970.00
260,282.00
1,095,689.00
686,219.00
Total
331,789.00
11,784,711.00
8,268,497.00
1,774,431.00
6,494,065.00
3,516,213.00
http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/aco/publications/agricultural_census2006
17
Female
73,572.00
Table 5. Goats population Balochistan by Breed, Age, and Sex

Breed
Total Goats
Teddy
Beetal
Kamori
Kaghani
Damani
Daira Din Panah
Nachi
Jatan
Barbary
Pateri
Lehri
Chappar
Others
Total
359,301.00
210,324.00
1,300,161.00
35,310.00
334,146.00
6,769.00
35,572.00
42,189.00
956,388.00
20,027.00
807,192.00
36,432.00
7,640,900.00
11,784,711.00
No of Goats One Year and Above

Total
Male
Female
232,736.00
57,609.00
175,131.00
176,924.00
53,060.00
123,865.00
893,733.00
184,244.00
709,492.00
22,628.00
2,896.00
19,731.00
222,451.00
37,072.00
185,379.00
5,012.00
696.00
4,317.00
27,779.00
6,789.00
20,988.00
28,231.00
4,101.00
24,132.00
666,011.00
141,560.00
524,453.00
14,229.00
6,326.00
7,904.00
568,554.00
111,751.00
456,805.00
28,450.00
4,120.00
24,329.00
5,381,758.00
1,164,214.00
4,217,546.00
8,268,497.00
1,774,431.00
6,494,065.00
http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/aco/publications/agricultural_census2006
18
Young Stock One year

and Above
126,565.00
33,399.00
406,426.00
12,684.00
111,694.00
1,757.00
7,795.00
13,956.00
290,375.00
5,801.00
238,640.00
7,983.00
2,259,142.00
3,516,213.00
Table 6. District wise Animal population in Balochistan

S. No.
District
Cattle
Buffalos
Sheep
Goats
Camel
Poultry
Quetta
11,244
25,547
163,799
120,384
1,377
128,311
Pishin
91,433
994
837,233
504,510
745
5,310,751
Killa Abdullah
53,111
479
325,020
115,405
359
291,710
Chagi
6,576
20
205,725
299,363
17,543
92,931
Sibi
54,709
6,133
200,946
208,133
1,866
254,604
Kohlu
174,167
1,469
1,306,734
813,575
58,318
172,462
Dera Bugti
144,860
6,795
506,095
775,361
35,753
185,429
Ziarat
1,929
12
120,054
138,440
34
50,399
Loralai
131,806
4,628
784,961
331,737
716
252,903
10
Musa Kheil
197,318
1,650
977,748
464,126
17,639
227,770
11
Barkhan
117,286
2,005
413,840
155,581
3,930
155,917
12
Killa Saifullah
69,361
151
1,066,690
783,624
21,751
274,313
13
Zhob
178,658
5,524
1,174,735
875,922
1,010
229,782
14
Jafferabad
268,721
156,427
241,444
283,922
8,252
507,275
15
Nassirabad
165,765
84,226
148,501
213,294
1,871
292,209
16
Bolan
151,736
4,151
124,569
766,109
34,401
352,580
17
Jhal Magsi
78,294
4,275
61,295
298,687
3,898
157,762
18
Lasbela
101,084
7,980
367,262
794,296
32,202
226,710
19
Mastung
8,628
456
466,894
334,906
2,802
218,682
20
Kalat
31,896
592
1,239,499
807,608
10,264
331,891
21
Khuzdar
103,375
5,782
1,105,410
1,036,004
28,006
336,416
22
Awaran
18,485
40
125,772
344,318
5,335
111,486
23
Kharan
14,854
118
665,903
635,731
76,069
202,230
24
Kech (Turbat)
43,433
306
64,693
455,391
6,061
208,746
25
Gawadar
12,344
51
18,363
88,901
1,432
52,893
26
Panjgur
22,508
49
91,032
139,383
8,074
64,032
2,253,581
319,854
12,804,217
11,784,711
379,528
5,911,304
Total
19
MARKET ANALYSIS
4. 1
Marketing Channels
Historically animals have not been marketed on a regular basis for income as a commercial
endeavor but sold in times of need. Old females were sold in the spring to pay for supplies, and
adult males in the fall for the production of LANDHI, dried mutton, a winter staple food. When
purchases of clothing, tea, sugar, grain, animal feed, seed, fertilizer or other market items are
required, animals are sold to generate sufficient funds. However, around population centers i.e.
big towns and cities, producers have started to consider animal commercial ventures and targets
specific markets.
Annual Horse and Cattle Show held at Sibi also provides farmers an opportunity to market their
livestock within province as well as to other provinces; to Sindh and Punjab. Although livestock
marketing is not well established in Balochistan, however there are livestock markets usually
called "Pirri" scattered through out the province; but having very limited basic facilities both for
farmers and animals. Marketing; and distribution involves many stakeholders; producers (Agro
pastoralists), dealers (usually from villages or adjoining areas), wholesalers, butchers, and
consumers. It is difficult to be precise about their exact numbers and their role in the marketing
process. The marketing takes place on individual animal as well as on lot basis. The different
agents involved are described below:Producers
Livestock producers are widely dispersed and only very rarely coordinate with each other. They
sell their livestock principally at the village level. Since they sell small ruminants to meet urgent
cash demand, the producers are not in a position to bargain very effectively. In a few cases,
producers attempt to time the sale of animals to take advantage of seasonal fluctuation, but, in
general, the expected price is not a determinant of the decision to sell.
Village Dealers
Village dealers purchase animals from surrounding areas and sell them to wholesalers in town
markets. They pay the animal transportation costs, feeding costs and their own transportation and
food costs.
Wholesalers and Commission Agents
Wholesalers buy from village dealers in small towns and transport the livestock to Quetta and the
major consumption centers in other provinces such as Karachi and Lahore. Wholesalers also sell
livestock through commission agents in the consumption centers. These agents are considered as
an essential link with the buyers, and undertake the bargaining and arrangements of livestock
sales.
Butchers
Mutton, goat meat and beef are sold fresh and now even after refrigeration particularly in Quetta
and other warmer areas, in small shops after 8-10 hours of slaughtering in traditional type
20
slaughter houses which lack proper hygienic facilities. Little, if any, meat is carried over to the
following day. Most of the gross income returns to butchers come from meat sales, but a
substantial portion is received from by-products such a skin, head, trotters, stomach, lung and
liver.
Consumers
Non-graded meat is sold by the butchers in their shops where poor hygienic conditions do exist.
The Government regulates consumer prices of essential commodities, one of which is meat, but
does not guarantee minimum meat quality standards.
21
Market Mechanism
Consumer
Butcher
Producer
Village
Mandi
Village
Dealers
Wholesalers
Main
City/Town
Market
Commission
Agents
Consumer
Butcher
Slaughter
Houses
Exporters
22
Corporate
Consumers
4. 2
Wholesale Market Locations
Sheep and goats belonging to nomadic and transhumant graziers of Balochi and Brahvi tribes are
marketed, besides Quetta, in Sibi and Jacobabad. They come down from their summer pastures
in the highlands of Quetta, Mastung, Nushki, Kalat and Khuzdar districts to spend the winter in
the lower plains of Kachhi and Nasirabad. Graziers of the Bugti and Marri tribes also market
their surplus animals next to the local markets in Jacobabad and Sibi, alongside flock owners
from the Bolan, Sibi, Jaffarabad and Nasirabad districts.
Sheep and goats belonging to the sedentary and transhumant graziers of the Khetran tribes of
Barkhan, the Marri tribes of Kohlu agency and the Duki tehsil, the Pathan tribes of Musakhel
district, and the Bugti tribes of Dera Bugti agency (Baker and Phailawag) are marketed in Rakhni
(Barkhan district) a border check-post located on road to Punjab for further transport and
consumption in various towns of Punjab.
Table 7. Main Exit Markets wit Destination and Species of Livestock
Exit Market
Destination
Mode of
Species
Location
Transport
Source
supply
of
South-East
Sibi and
Jacobabad
(Sindh)
Karachi,
Hyderabad, Sukkur
and Parts of Punjab
Rail, Road
Sheep
goats,
Cattle
camels,
Horses,
Donkeys
and Balochi Tribes

Brahvi Tribes
and Marri Tribes
South-West
Bella, Doreji,
Kanraj.
Karachi (Sindh)
Road,
on hoof
Sheep
goats,
Cattle
North-East
Rakhni
Lahore (Punjab)
Faisalabad
(Punjab)
Multan (Punjab)
Road,
on hoof
Sheep
goats
and Transhumant
grazier from
Khuzdar,
Awaran
and Lasbela
and Khetran Tribe
Bugti and Marri
tribes
Pathan tribes
Musa Khel
Source: SMEDA Survey
4. 2. 1
Mode of Transportation:
Earlier the flocks used to move on hoof to and fro from the markets. Due to expansion of cities
and increase of vehicular traffic all around it is no longer possible to bring the animals to markets
on hoofs. Animals are usually transported on small trucks carrying about 70 sheep and goats or 8
to 10 beef animals.
23
4. 2. 2
Special occasions of marketing:
Eid-ul-Azha is one special occasion when fattened animals especially goats and bullocks are in
heavy demand and find good market in Karachi and other big cities like Lahore, Faisal Abad and
Sialkot fetching handsome prices to the owners or middlemen.
FARM PRODUCTION SYSTEM
This project will mainly focus on goat breeding and on the farm selling on live weight basis. But
in future it may expand its operation to the goat fattening, and direct market. For the proposed
project it is recommended that the entrepreneur should grow fodder at his own farm. Thus the
project is divided into two main activities as under:
5. 1
Fodder Farm
5 Acre of land grows sufficient green fodder for 100 Goats. So, the minimum feasible land
required for this project is, 25 Acre. As this project will include the kids which have lesser feed
requirement during initial few months, so some extra fodder will also be available for selling.
5.1.1 Farm Inputs
Table 8. Farm Inputs
Description
Cost/Unit (Rs.)
Land
Development
Seed
5,000/Crop/Acre
Fertilizer
1,600/Crop/Acre
No of
Crops
Cycle
4.56
Crops
4.56
Crops
4.56
Crops
2,000/Crop/Acre
No. of
Labor
No of
Acre
No of
Month
25
Total
Cost
(Rs.)
570,000
25
228,000
25
182,400
12
216,000
12
48,000
60,000
Labor
4,500/Person
Irrigation
4000/Month
4
Person
-
Miscellaneous
Total Cost
1,304,400
Note: The costs are given for an idea of the fodder cultivation. The cost of green fodder for this
report is calculated on the basis of this and already included in the financials section. Therefore
the cost given here doesnt need to be included in the financials, so that to avoid double entry
24
5. 2
Goat Breeding
Though the total required area for the proposed project is 25,948 Sq. Ft. (Around Half Acre), but
the entrepreneur will have to consider 1 Acre. This is because of the fact that agricultural land is
sold with standard units of Acres.
5.2.1 Area required for goat breeding farm
Table 9. Area required and costs associated
Description
Area/Goat
No of
(Sq.Ft)
Goats
Shed
12
377 + 40
Open Space
40
Total Area Required

(Sq.Ft)
4,521 + 480
377 + 40
15,071 + 1600
5.2.2 Human Resource required for goat breeding farm

Goat farming is not a labour intensive project. Traditionally family is involved in grazing and
feeding of Goat. For this particular project Two attendants (Shepard) are required in the first
year, which will increase to four attendants in the second year. For a fodder farm spread over 25
Acre, four person can easily manage and handle the fodder growing ,irrigation, and sowing.
Table 10. Farm Labor
No of Labors
Salary/Person/Month
(Rs.)
02
4,500
No of
Months
12
Total Annual Cost
Total (Rs.)
108,000
108,000
Table 11 Farm Supervisor

No of Labor
Salary/Person/Month
(Rs.)
1
7,500
Total Annual Cost
No of
Months
12
Total (Rs.)
90,000
90,000
5.2.3 Proposed Goat breeding practice

Before the procurement of animals, it should be ensured that the green fodder is ready, and
concentrate is available at farm. The following facts should be considered.
Selection of female/She-goats for reproduction:
This is suggested to buy the local female goat, e.g., kachani, khurasani, lehri or jabli goats from
the local market. The reason is that, the local breed has the best characteristics to survive in the
25
local environment where the project is intended to be established. Goats should be young
(approximately 8 months old), and should be of similar breed. Their physical condition should be
good, their eyes, jaws, teeth and udder should be in healthy condition.
Selection of male/He- goats:
He-goat is the backbone of the herd and the development of coming generation is dependent
upon it. It should be healthy and energetic. He-goat should be purchased from the government
owned livestock farms. Extra he-goats should be kept in herd so that if one suffers from any kind
of disease or accident it should be replaced by another quickly. Normally 1 he goat is enough for
cohabitation with 40 she-goats. The mating with good quality male goat will result in the best
possible cross breed.
Quarantine system:
A system for isolating the newly purchased goats, and treating them to eliminate internal
parasites before introduction to the farm should be adopted. There is significant risk of
introducing anthelmentic resistant stains of parasites whenever stock are moved between farms
so this practice should be applied to all species of livestock farmed. So a separate quarantine
place should be available with in the farm.
Mating :
The best months for the cohabitation of goats are March, April, May, and October. Pregnancy
period is 5 Months or 150 days. Before mating it should be kept in mind that these goats should
not give birth at the time of extreme cold. Specially in Pakistan, the best months for mating are
September and October are supposed to be the best mating seasons for goats, because heating
periods of goats are longer in these months. If mating would be done in these months then the
birth of the kids will take place in spring and in these months there will be an ample amount of
hay available and they are saved from the cold weather of January and December.
Complete cross breed :
The breed after two cycles will be considered to be the completely crossed breed. After the
completely crossed breed is available, the local female parent breed will be sold out.
Separation of Kids from goats :
Kids should be separated from goats after a period of 120 days.
5.2.4 Routine for feeding and milking
It is described as under:
06.45 a.m. feed, water and milking.

12.00 noon; Hay, roots or any seasonal crop.
6.00 p.m: Feed and water.
7.00 p.m: Milking.
26
5.2.5 Diseases and Treatments

The best practice to minimize the losses from diseases is the timely check up and cure of goats and
protective measures before the problem arise.
Table 12. Diseases and Treatments

Disease
Vaccine
Foot Rot
Qty of Time
for Time for
Vaccine Vaccination Immunity
Foot & Mouth 5 ml
Start
of 4 Months
Vaccine
Spring
Anthrax
Anthrax
vaccine
spore 0.5 ml
March
or One Year
April
or
Monsoon
season
Bowla Pun
Anti
vaccine
Rebek 10 ml
According to One Year

need
Goat Pox
Tep Pox vaccine
Enterotoxaemia
Introta Casimia 3 ml
vaccine
0.1 ml
27
In October
January
4 months,
but if the
injection is
given again
after
4
months
then
its
effects
remains up
to 1 Year
Two
months, but
if
the
injection is
given again
after
2
weeks then
effect
Protective
Measures
Should be given
4 months prior to
the symptoms of
disease.
Every
year
injection should
be given but
areas where this
disease
is
commonly
occurred,
injection should
be given up to 10
years on yearly
basis
Vaccine should
be used right
after preparation
Dont
give
vaccine
in
pregnancy
period. Prepared
vaccine should
be given with in
2 hours
Thorough
examination
is
required for the
identification of
this
disease.
Inject should not
be given prior to
the age of 3
Virus Dirmititus
Tep
Virus 5 ml
Dirmititus
Vaccine
According
need
Caprine
Caprine
1 ml
Pleuropneumonia Pleuropneumonia
vaccine
May, June
November,
December
remains up Months
to 1 year
to Up to 4 Where
the
months
disease
is
occurred
injection should
be given their
& Up to 4 Great care should
Months
be needed for the
identification of
this disease
MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS
Goat Farming is very simple activity and does not require very sophisticated machinery and
equipment. Following are the basic requirements for Goat Farm.
Table 13. Machinery and Equipment Requirement
Description
Hand Pump or
Motor Pump
Tubs for Water
Feed Mangers
Balti (Small Water
Drum)
Wheel Barrow
Weight scale
Chalf Cutter
Qty
1
Price/Unit
2,500
Total Cost (Rs.)

2,500
6
50
4
500
500
200
3,000
25,000
800
1
1
1
Total Rs.
4,000
6,000
18,000
4,000
6,000
18,000
59,300
No
01
Total Cost (Rs.)

800,000
Table 14. Farm Infrastructure

Description
Tube Well
LAND AND BUILDING REQUIREMENT
A total of around 26 Acre land would be required for the Farm, of which 25 Acre will be utilized
for fodder growing and 1 Acre for Goats shed. Open Space requirement for goat is 40
Sq.ft./Goat while Shade requirement is 12 Sq.ft./Goat.
28
Table 15. Land Cost

Description
Land
Cost/Acre
50,000
Area in Acre
26
Total Cost (Rs.)

1,300,000
Year 1.
Table 16. Building / Shed Construction Cost

No.
of
Animals
Space
Animal
Sqft.
Total
Sqft.
Area
Cost/sqft
Total cost. Rs.
Shed for animals
377
12
4,521
250
1,130,323
Open paddock for

lambs
Quarantine Pen for
lambs
open paddock for
lambs
Stores for Raw
Material
Attendants Room
377
40
15,071
20
301,419
40
12
480
250
120,000
40
40
1,600
20
32,000
224
500
112,000
224
500
112,000
168
600
100,800
Office
Total cost
7. 1
1,908,542
Recommended Mode
It is recommended to acquire/buy the total land required while the building would be expanded
as the need arises in future.
29
PROJECT ECONOMICS
8. 1
Project Cost
Capital Investment
Rs. in actual
Land
1,300,000
Building/Infrastructure
Machinery & equipment
1,908,542
859,300
Farm Animals
Office equipment
Pre-operating costs
Total Capital Costs
Working Capital
Equipment spare part inventory
Raw material inventory
Cash
Total Working Capital
Total Investment
8. 2
495,000
30,000
16,500
4,609,342
Rs. in actual
1,667
27,988
150,000
179,654
4,705,641
Project Returns
Description
IRR
MIRR
Payback Period (yrs)
Net Present Value (NPV)
Equity
28%
17%
4.16
3,186,371
9.3 Project Financing

Description
Debt Financing
Equity Financing
Total
Percentage
Amount in Rs
100%
4,705,641
4,705,641
30
FINANCIALANALYSIS
9
9. 1
Projected Income Statement
Statement Summaries
SMEDA
Income Statement
Year 1
Revenue
Cost of goods sold
Gross Profit
General administration & selling expenses
Administration expense
Rental expense
Utilities expense
Travelling & Comm. expense (phone, fax, etc.)
Office expenses (stationary, etc.)
Professional fees (veterinary)
Depreciation expense
Amortization expense
Property tax expense
Miscellaneous expense
Subtotal
Operating Income
Other income (Sale of extra fodder)
Gain / (loss) on sale of assets
Earnings Before Interest & Taxes
701,744
783,704
(81,961)
94,500
60,000
18,000
4,500
182,857
3,300
363,157
(445,118)
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Year 6
Year 7
Year 8
Year 9
Rs. in actuals
Year 10
1,387,983
1,175,591
212,392
1,526,782
1,288,209
238,573
1,679,460
1,411,245
268,215
1,847,406
1,546,182
301,223
2,032,146
1,694,183
337,964
2,235,361
1,856,522
378,839
2,458,897
2,034,603
424,294
2,704,787
2,229,964
474,822
2,975,265
2,444,298
530,967
101,115
64,200
19,260
4,815
182,857
3,300
375,547
(163,155)
108,193
68,694
20,608
5,152
185,243
3,300
391,190
(152,617)
115,767
73,503
22,051
5,513
187,628
3,300
407,761
(139,546)
123,870
78,648
23,594
5,899
190,014
3,300
425,325
(124,102)
132,541
84,153
25,246
6,311
192,400
440,651
(102,688)
141,819
90,044
27,013
6,753
194,785
460,415
(81,576)
151,746
96,347
28,904
7,226
197,171
481,394
(57,100)
162,369
103,091
30,927
7,732
199,557
503,676
(28,854)
173,734
110,308
33,092
8,273
201,943
527,350
3,617
1,086,069
640,952
1,081,771
918,616
1,221,244
1,068,627
1,373,496
1,233,950
1,540,358
1,416,256
1,722,836
1,620,148
1,922,532
1,840,956
2,141,213
2,084,112
2,380,819
2,351,966
2,646,887
2,650,504
Interest expense
Earnings Before Tax
3,084
637,868
918,616
1,068,627
1,233,950
1,416,256
1,620,148
1,840,956
2,084,112
2,351,966
2,650,504
Tax
NET PROFIT/(LOSS) AFTER TAX
637,868
918,616
1,068,627
1,233,950
1,416,256
1,620,148
1,840,956
2,084,112
2,351,966
2,650,504
Balance brought forward

Total profit available for appropriation
Dividend
Balance carried forward
637,868
63,787
574,081
574,081
1,492,697
149,270
1,343,428
1,343,428
2,412,054
241,205
2,170,849
2,170,849
3,404,799
340,480
3,064,319
3,064,319
4,480,575
448,057
4,032,517
4,032,517
5,652,665
565,266
5,087,398
5,087,398
6,928,354
692,835
6,235,519
6,235,519
8,319,631
831,963
7,487,668
7,487,668
9,839,634
983,963
8,855,670
8,855,670
11,506,175
1,150,617
10,355,557
31
9. 2
Projected Balance Sheet
Statement Summaries
SMEDA
Balance Sheet
Year 0
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Year 6
Year 7
Year 8
Year 9
Rs. in actuals
Year 10
1,667
277,988
279,654
895,384
57,678
2,107
44,055
999,224
1,794,668
85,879
2,578
51,369
1,934,493
2,729,153
119,785
2,896
59,896
2,911,730
3,753,451
131,763
3,254
69,839
3,958,307
4,853,013
144,940
3,656
81,432
5,083,041
6,036,208
159,434
4,108
94,949
6,294,699
7,312,560
175,377
4,616
110,711
7,603,264
8,692,476
192,915
5,187
129,089
9,019,666
10,187,335
212,206
5,828
150,518
10,555,886
11,979,740
233,427
12,213,167
Fixed assets
Land
Building/Infrastructure
Machinery & equipment
Furniture
Livestock
& fixtures
Office equipment
Total Fixed Assets
1,300,000
1,908,542
859,300
495,000
30,000
4,592,842
1,300,000
1,813,115
773,370
495,000
28,500
4,409,985
1,300,000
1,765,401
687,440
495,000
27,000
4,274,841
1,300,000
1,715,302
601,510
495,000
25,500
4,137,312
1,300,000
1,662,817
515,580
495,000
24,000
3,997,397
1,300,000
1,607,947
429,650
495,000
22,500
3,855,097
1,300,000
1,550,690
343,720
495,000
21,000
3,710,410
1,300,000
1,491,048
257,790
495,000
19,500
3,563,338
1,300,000
1,429,021
171,860
495,000
18,000
3,413,881
1,300,000
1,364,608
85,930
495,000
16,500
3,262,038
1,300,000
1,297,809
495,000
15,000
3,107,809
Intangible assets
Pre-operation costs
Total Intangible Assets
TOTAL ASSETS
16,500
16,500
4,888,996
13,200
13,200
5,422,409
9,900
9,900
6,219,235
6,600
6,600
7,055,642
3,300
3,300
7,959,004
8,938,137
10,005,109
11,166,602
12,433,547
13,817,924
15,320,975
100,000
100,000
59,332
59,332
86,811
86,811
95,797
95,797
105,689
105,689
116,624
116,624
128,715
128,715
142,087
142,087
156,883
156,883
173,257
173,257
176,422
176,422
Assets
Current assets
Cash & Bank
Accounts receivable
Finished goods inventory
Equipment spare part inventory
Pre-paid lease interest
Total Current Assets
Liabilities & Shareholders' Equity

Current liabilities
Accounts payable
Short term debt
Total Current Liabilities
Other liabilities
Total Long Term Liabilities
Shareholders' equity
Paid-up capital
4,788,996
Retained earnings
Total Equity
4,788,996
TOTAL CAPITAL AND LIABILITIES 4,888,996
4,788,996
574,081
5,363,077
5,422,409
4,788,996
1,343,428
6,132,424
6,219,235
4,788,996
2,170,849
6,959,845
7,055,642
Note: Total assets value will differ from project cost due to first installment of leases paid at the start of year 0
-
32
4,788,996
3,064,319
7,853,315
7,959,004
4,788,996
4,032,517
8,821,513
8,938,137
4,788,996
5,087,398
9,876,395
10,005,109
4,788,996
6,235,519
11,024,515
11,166,602
(0)
4,788,996
7,487,668
12,276,664
12,433,547
(0)
4,788,996
8,855,670
13,644,666
13,817,924
(0)
4,788,996
10,355,557
15,144,553
15,320,975
(0)
9. 3
Projected Cash Flow Statement

-
(0)
(0)
(0)
Statement Summaries
(0)
SMEDA
Cash Flow Statement

Year 0
Operating activities
Net profit
Add: depreciation expense
amortization expense
Deferred income tax
Accounts receivable
Finished good inventory
Equipment inventory
Pre-paid lease interest
Accounts payable
Other liabilities
Cash provided by operations
(1,667)
(277,988)
(279,654)
Financing activities
Change in long term debt
Change in short term debt
100,000
Issuance of shares
4,788,996
Cash provided by / (used for) financing activities
4,888,996
Investing activities
Capital expenditure
(4,609,342)
Cash (used for) / provided by investing activities
(4,609,342)
Year 1
637,868
182,857
3,300
(57,678)
(440)
233,932
59,332
1,059,171
(100,000)
(100,000)
Year 2
918,616
182,857
3,300
(28,202)
(471)
(7,313)
27,479
1,096,267
Year 3
1,068,627
185,243
3,300
(33,906)
(319)
(8,527)
8,986
1,223,404
Year 4
1,233,950
187,628
3,300
(11,978)
(358)
(9,943)
9,892
1,412,491
Year 5
1,416,256
190,014
3,300
(13,176)
(402)
(11,593)
10,935
1,595,333
Year 6
1,620,148
192,400
(14,494)
(452)
(13,518)
12,091
1,796,175
Year 7
1,840,956
194,785
(15,943)
(508)
(15,762)
13,373
2,016,901
Year 8
2,084,112
197,171
(17,538)
(571)
(18,378)
14,795
2,259,593
Year 9
2,351,966
199,557
(19,291)
(641)
(21,429)
16,374
2,526,536
Rs. in actuals
Year 10
2,650,504
201,943
(21,221)
5,828
150,518
3,165
2,990,736
(47,714)
(47,714)
(47,714)
(47,714)
(47,714)
(47,714)
(47,714)
(47,714)
(47,714)
(47,714)
(47,714)
(47,714)
(47,714)
(47,714)
(47,714)
(47,714)
(47,714)
(47,714)
NET CASH
959,171
1,048,554
1,175,690
1,364,778
1,547,620
1,748,461
1,969,188
2,211,879
2,478,822
2,943,023
Cash balance brought forward

Cash available for appropriation
Dividend
Cash carried forward
959,171
63,787
895,384
895,384
1,943,938
149,270
1,794,668
1,794,668
2,970,358
241,205
2,729,153
2,729,153
4,093,931
340,480
3,753,451
3,753,451
5,301,070
448,057
4,853,013
4,853,013
6,601,474
565,266
6,036,208
6,036,208
8,005,395
692,835
7,312,560
7,312,560
9,524,439
831,963
8,692,476
8,692,476
11,171,298
983,963
10,187,335
10,187,335
13,130,358
1,150,617
11,979,740
33
10 KEY ASSUMPTIONS
10. 1
Breed Plan
Year
Total Adult Female

Extra Females sold
Adult Females retained at farm
1
110
0
110
2
108
3
183
15
168
84
84
84
43
279
110
Adult Mortality
Female Population after mortalitiy
Adult Male Required
110
2%
Progeny Mortality
3%
166%
8%
Female Progeny
Male Progeny
50%
50%
Progeny after Mortality
Young Male sold 7 Months

Extra Females sold 7 Months and Adult
Total Heads (Adults and Progeny at farm)
34
2
192
43
149
3
146
4
247
20
227
113
113
113
110
377
3
259
110
149
3
146
4
247
20
227
113
113
113
110
377
4
259
110
149
3
146
4
247
20
227
113
113
113
110
377
5
259
110
149
3
146
4
247
20
227
113
113
113
110
377
6
259
110
149
3
146
4
247
20
227
113
113
113
110
377
7
259
110
149
3
146
4
247
20
227
113
113
113
110
377
8
259
110
149
3
146
4
247
20
227
113
113
113
110
377
10. 2
Revenue Assumption
Rs.
Pirce / Animal for Young Male (7 months)

4,760
Price/animal for extra female (7 Months and adult) 5,500
10. 3
COGS
Costs Assumptions
Price (Rs.)
Cost of a female Goat

Cost of fodder and Concentrate /Animal/Day
Cost of fodder and Concentrate / Young Animal/Day
Cost of Vaccine/Medicine/Animal/Year
4,500
11.25
8.00
80
35
Annexure I
Farm layout
Covered Shed for She-Goats
Covered Shed for Kids
Open Space for She Goats

Store
Room for
Labor with
Wash room
Gate
Covered
Shed for HeGoats
Open Space for He

Goats
Quarantine Area
Note : The doted line represents fencing. The Layout may be changed as per the location or will
of the Entrepreneur
36
Annexure
Kamori
37
38
Goat Feed
It can contain following feed items:
a) Tree leaves: Elm, horse chestnut, mixed leaves, oak, poplar and willow.
b) Leaves of non-legume plants: Artichoke tops, beet-top, mangold-top, nettles, potato haulm, and turnip tops.
c) Fresh legumes: Alfalfa (Lucerene), alsike, beans, clove, kidney vetch, peas, sainfoin, trefoil.
d) Flowering, cereals and grasses: Barley, back wheat, maize, millet, oats, rye, rye-grass, timothy, pasture grass and
rotationally grasses.
e) Roots: Artichokes, carrot, fodder beet, kohlrabi, mangold, parsnips, potatoes, swedes and turnip.
f) Silage: Grass, lucrene, maize, oat, pea haulms and pods, rye, vetch and oats.
g) Natural roughage: Brush wood, gorse, heather-tip, treebark, and sweet chestnut.
h) Hays: Barley, clover, couch grass, lucrerne, meadow, oat, rye, rye grass, clover, vetches, oat, wheat.
i) Dried leaves: Artichoke, beech, chicory, elm, grasses, horse-chestnut, lucerne, oak, poplar, willow.
j) Fruits: Apples, cleavers, elm fruit dry, and rose hips.
k) Legume seeds: Beans, lupins and peas.
l) Oil cake: Cotton seed, ground nut, linseed, palm kernel, sesamum, soybean and sun flower.
39
USEFUL TERMINOLOGY
Buck: preferred term for a male goat (Other acceptable terms include: Ram)
Doe: preferred term for a female goat
Kid: young goat
Halal: religious term used to describe food that is lawful or acceptable for individuals of the
Islamic faith to eat.
Haram: religious term used to describe food that is "unlawful" or "unacceptable" for individuals
of the Islamic faith to eat.
Mashbooh: religious term used to describe food that is "questionable" for individuals of the
Islamic faith to eat.
Cabrito: Spanish term for gourmet meat derived from young kids.
Goat cheeses: Many cheeses, some of which include: blue caerphilly, camembert, cheddar,
chevre, feta, shepherd's tomme, and capriano.
Chevre: French word for goat. Used as a generic term applying to all goat cheeses, but more
specifically to mild fresh cheeses.
Capretto: Term used to describe milk fed kids with carcass weights of up to 26.5 pounds.
Kashrut: The body of Jewish law dealing with foods that can and cannot be consumed. In
addition the law dictates how the food must be prepared and eaten.
Kosher: Jewish word describing food that meets the standards of the laws of Kashrut.
Glatt Kosher: Kosher without question.
Treyf: Food that is not kosher. Root meaning torn, based on the commandment not to eat animals
that have been torn by other animals.
40

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Intensive Goat Breeding Farm

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Pre-Feasibility Study