I REAL CONDITIONALS: Factual/Predictive

1.1 Zero/Factual (if = when) Typical patterns in the present or the past
1.1a Zero/Factual (if+present tense + present tense): a fixed connection that exists between
two events now or always
If I wash the dishes, he dries them.
If the fruit feels soft, its ready to eat.
What happens if there is a lot of demand? If demand increases, prices usually go up.
1.1b Zero/Factual (if+past tense + past tense): a connection that existed before now
If it rained, we went by bus.
If my uncle caught fish, he always gave us some.
What happened if there was bad weather? If it was really bad, crops failed and people starved.
1.2 Predictive/First Conditional What will happen if ?
1.2a (if+present tense + future tense): a likely connection that exists between one event
(if+present tense) and another possible event (future tense):
If your friends dont arrive by five, well leave without them.
If I see Eva, Ill tell her.
1.2b (if+present tense + modal/phrasal modals)
If we get there early, we can sit at the front.
If he says that again, I am going to scream!
1.2c (if+present tense + imperative)
1.2d (if+will + future tense): we dont usually put will in the if-clause unless we are using the
full emphatic form to mean if you insist or when it is part of a polite invitation and request
If you will put off doing your homework, then of course youll get bad marks.
If youll just follow me, Ill take you to your room.
If youll open the door, Ill bring these in.
*Prevod na srpski
if + present tense + future tense
ako + srp. prezent + srp. budue vreme:
If your friends dont arrive by five, well leave without them.
Ako tvoji prijatelji ne stignu do 5, otiiemo bez njih.
If I see Eva, Ill tell her.
Ako vidim Evu, reiu joj.

II UNREAL CONDITIONALS Hypothetical/Counterfactual -with

reference to preent

2. Hypothetical/Second Conditional What would happen if ?

2a Hypothetical/Second Conditional (if+past tense/past subjunctive + future in the past): a
distant and unlikely connection between one imaginary event (if+past subjunctive) and
another imaginary event (would):
If I got the job, Id move to London.
If you lived closer, wed visit you more often.
If I were you, Id go.
*the most common modal in the main clause is would.
2b (if+past tense/past subjunctive + COULD/MIGHT)
If you came in the summer, you could stay with us and you might even get your own room.
2c (if+would + future in the past): to express a desired outcome
If he would only behave himself, Id take him with me.
If it would stop raining, wed go.

*Pevod na srpski
if +past tense/past subjunctive + future in the past
a) da + srp. prezent + srp. potencijal (bih/bi)
b) kad + srp. potencijal + srp. potencijal
If I got the job, Id move to London.
a) Da imam posao, preselila bih se u London.
b) Kad bih imala posao, preselila bih se u London.
If you came in the summer, you could stay with us.
a) Da dolazi na leto, mogla bi da odsedne kod nas.
b) Kad bi dolazila na leto, mogla bi da odsedne kod nas.
3. Counterfactual
- with

/ Third Conditional What would have happened if ?

reference to past

3a (if+past perfect tense/past subjunctive + would + perfect infinitive): an imaginary

connection between one event that never happened (if+past perfectt tense) and another event
that never happened (would + perfect infinitive):
He didnt call me. I didnt help him.
If he had called, I would have helped him.
*the most common modal in the main clause is would.
3b (if+past perfect tense/past subjunctive + could/might + perfect infinitive):
If she had asked us, we might have known how to fix it, or we could have tried at least.
****
Wed have been really disappointed if theyd lost (=We would have been really disappointed
if they had lost)
*Prevod

na srpski

if+past perfect tense/past subjunctive + would + perfect infinitive

da + spr. perfekat + srp. potencijal
If he had called, I would have helped him.
Da je pozvao, ja bih mu pomogla.

MIXED Type III and Type II

MIXED Type III and Type II: (if+past perfect tense + would + infinitive): an imaginary past
event (if+past perfect tense) is connected to a present event or situation using would. (would
+ infinitive):
If your parents hadnt met, you wouldnt be sitting here now.
I wouldnt feel so full now if I hadnt eaten so much at lunch.

If Clauses Indirect Speech

1. If clause Type 1 past reporting verb + If clause Type 2
After a past reporting verb, real situations include tense changes
If we leave now, well catch the train.
I told him that if we left wed catch the train.
If we catch the early train, well get there by lunch-time.
I thought that if we caught the early train, wed get there by lunch-time.
2.
2a) If clause Type 2 past reporting verb + If clause Type 3
If the event is clearly hypothetical and impossible, time changes are made after a past
reporting verb.
If I had a spanner, I could fix this.
He said that if he had had a spanner, he could have fixed it.
*spanner noun /spn $ -r/ [countable] British English
1. a metal tool that fits over a
nut, used for turning the nut (matica rafa) to make it tight or to undo it [=
wrench American English] klju, zavija za matrice/rafove

2b) If clause Type 2 past reporting verb + If clause Type 2

In reported hypothetical conditions, tense changes are not made after a past reporting verb, if
the event has reference to a possible future
If you came back tomorrow, Id be able help you.
He said that if I came back the next day, shed be able to help me.
3. If clause Type 3 past reporting verb + If clause Type 3
Hypothetical past conditional sentences do not change.
If wed caught the early train, wed have got there by lunch-time.

In this type of sentence, the tenses necessarily remain the same in reported speech.
Look up the answer in the key only if it is really impossible for you to work it out yourself.
... to look up ... only if it was really
*************************************
Type 2 more about
a) If we caught the early train, wed get there by lunch-time. a supposition or a tentative
suggestion of what could happen at some time in the future.
The tenses do not change in reported speech, since the meaning would change if we reported
I thought that if we had caught the early train, wed have got there by lunch-time.
This reported version gives the impression that we didnt, in fact, catch the early train, and
that we didnt get there by lunch-time. We can say only:
I suggested that if we caught the early train, wed get there by lunch-time.
I suggested that if we were to cach the early train, wed get there by lunch-time.
b) If I came into a fortune, Id give up working.
Again, the sentence is concerned with what could conceivably happen at some time in the
future, and the tenses would remain unchanged in reported speech:
He said that if he came into a fortune, hed give up working.
c) If I knew how it worked, I could tell you what to do.
As we have already seen, this sentence differs from 2a and 2b in that it represents present
unreality, and in this case the tenses may change in reported speech:
I said that if Id known how it worked, I could have told him what to do.
Such changes are not essential, however, and in some cases would be incorrect:
If I knew the answer to all questions, Id be a genious.
Although this sentence, like 2c, presents us with an imaginary (or unreal) situation, the
situation in this case is conceived in general terms (i.e. without reference to a particular
moment). Ideas of this nature cannot be expressed in any other form, whether reported or not.
*************
***1b)Many verbs describe a function, rather than report verbs.
Look, if I were you Id leave early.
She advised me to leave early.
(other examples: admit, complain, request, suggest, advise, invite, remind, warn, agree,
persuade, threaten)