M- Yadav et al. / Awlied Catalysis A: dffieral425-426 {2012) 11/r.

1 16

114

+l
rtt

()
b

4*
s
ti

rar

Jri

X,r'lr:sc

la

art

2t 3S 4U 5t 5C' 70

i*t,9'o)

8C

26/ degree

Fig.2. Theeffectofxyloseconcentrationontheconversionofxyloseandtheselectivity ta xylitol.

Fig.4. )(q! profile ofNiO ishown for reference peaks) (a). Tio2 {b), {}Jio-Tiaz) (c).
Ru (1.o%)/NiO {5.0%j-TiO2 (fiesh sample) (d), and Ru {1.0%llNi0 (5.C%)-TiO2 (after
hydrog:nationj

(e,l-

ir4

1(1f\9^ O,n {rrrther

n.1r+r1n

incro:<inctha{amnar:(rrre

{n tLA

t-Eqmffiffihough

the corlversion af xylose rached 1002;,

the sel-ettiviry to xylitol decreased since it is known that higher
the temperatilre, ihe mcre promiflent is formation cf by-products

--,,\ l.r/o.)l Iz / I,
----.-_-P4cY4tr
ULIICI Uy-[AUuuLL5
IdldUlillLUl tU,J/o, dltd
3.4. Characteristic properties of the catalyst
48
$

The X-ray

9*

t8s

12{}
lerlrpsl[turel

Frg.

3.

135

15$

L,

The effect of temperature on the corlveIsion of xylose and the selectivity to

xylitol.

The efiect of temperature on hydragenation ofxylose was studied by varying the reaction temperature from 10Oto 140 "C and the
results are showfi irt Fig. 3 where hoth conversion and the selectivity values are plotted against reactaon temperature. lt is seen fuom

the figure that the xylose conversion

'rnm

tha

fiorrra
fhrf
rr6sr
!
!rrq!

fhp
Lrrr

n
v

very close to 120'c as both

and selectiviE/ values

Fig-

5.

diffraction patterns ofneat NiO (a); given as for refer-

ence, neat Ti02 {b), modified NiO-TiO2 (c), catalyst Rul(NiO-TiO2)

{d) and catalyst Ru (1.0%)lNiO !,5.O%}-TiAz (after hydrogenation){e)
:rp chr.,*,n i* Eis -4 !i ic c.+n trnm thlc fra,,ro ther tha YPfl nr-nfrlec

of TiO2 suppnrt (b: red colour) and NiO modified TiOz supForr (c;
blue colour) have ohirious
riifferences. The presence ol charactert,to{
'
igirs NiC pe4ks (iffilofiIe.i *t.,ict.,
+) .o/. . tJ dtlu /J illulLdLE 5ulttsstul tlluulll(dilull ul llur 5uu+
pqrt r*,ithlli.kel .hlq!ide. In additiorr, the ltRD proEles of NiCt-TiO2
{c, blue color) and its catalyst of Ru (d, green color} look alike. The
metallic Ru in the catalyst could not be detected as Ru loadings iess
than 5.O% are aiways covereti by NiO modifieci IiO2 support making
it diificult to rieteimine [28 j. The xRD profile of liesh catalyst sample i.e, before hydrogenation Ru/(NiO-TiO2) (d: green color) and
nflicr hydiogcnation (e: pinl< color) unambiguously de.1po_rtsfiat s_ rhar rhe caratysr is absolutety stauteaurtri$ilarog"nal8,t F&tlt1$,fa'
Fig. 5 presents TEM irnages ofthe catalysts Ru (1.0%)/TiO2 and
lRu {1.O%)lNiO {5.0%)-TiO2l. The dark portion of the image (Fig.5a)

TEM images ofthe catalysts Ru {1.o%)ftioz (a) and Ru (1-0%)/NiO (5-0%)-TiO, (b}.

apa-

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