Cap 11

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System
Chapter 11, Solution 2.

2
x = t3 (t 2) m
(a)
v=
dx
= 3t 2 2 ( t 2 ) m/s
dt
a=
dv
= 6t 2 m/s 2
dt
Time at a = 0.
0 = 6t0 2 = 0
t0 =
(b)
1
3
t0 = 0.333 s W
Corresponding position and velocity.

3
1
1
x = 2 = 2.741 m
3
3
x = 2.74 m W
1
1
v = 3 2 2 = 3.666 m/s
3
3
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
v = 3.67 m/s W

Position:
x = 5t 4 4t 3 + 3t 2 ft
Velocity:
v=
dx
= 20t 3 12t 2 + 3 ft/s
dt
Acceleration:
a=
dv
= 60t 2 24t ft/s 2
dt
When t = 2 s,
4
x = ( 5 )( 2 ) ( 4 )( 2 ) ( 3)( 2 ) 2
3
v = ( 20 )( 2 ) (12 )( 2 ) + 3
2
a = ( 60 )( 2 ) ( 24 )( 2 )
x = 52 ft W
v = 115 ft/s W
a = 192 ft/s 2 W

Position:
x = 6t 4 + 8t 3 14t 2 10t + 16 in.
Velocity:
v=
dx
= 24t 3 + 24t 2 28t 10 in./s
dt
Acceleration:
a=
dv
= 72t 2 + 48t 28 in./s 2
dt
When t = 3 s,
4
x = ( 6 )( 3) + ( 8 )( 3) (14 )( 3) (10 )( 3) + 16
3
v = ( 24 )( 3) + ( 24 )( 3) ( 28 )( 3) 10
2
a = ( 72 )( 3) + ( 48 )( 3) 28
x = 562 in. !
v = 770 in./s !
a = 764 in./s 2 !

Position:
x = 500sin kt mm
Velocity:
v=
dx
= 500k cos kt mm/s
dt
Acceleration:
a=
dv
= 500k 2 sin kt mm /s 2
dt
When t = 0.05 s,
and
k = 10 rad/s
kt = (10 )( 0.05 ) = 0.5 rad
x = 500sin ( 0.5 )
v = ( 500 )(10 ) cos ( 0.5 )

2
a = ( 500 )(10 ) sin ( 0.5 )
x = 240 mm !
v = 4390 mm/s !
a = 24.0 103 mm/s 2 !
x = 50sin k1t k2t 2 mm
Position:
k2 = 0.5 rad/s 2
Where
k1 = 1 rad/s
Let
= k1t k2t 2 = t 0.5t 2 rad

d
= (1 t ) rad/s
dt
x = 50sin mm
Position:
and
d 2
= 1 rad/s 2
dt 2
and
dx
d
= 50cos
mm/s
dt
dt
dv
a=
dt
v=
Velocity:
Acceleration:
a = 50cos
When v = 0,
d 2
d
2
50sin
mm/s
dt
dt 2
either
cos = 0
d
=1 t = 0
dt
Over 0 t 2 s, values of cos are:
t =1s
or
t (s)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
( rad )
0.375
0.5
0.375
cos
1.0
0.931
0.878
0.981
1.0
No solutions cos = 0 in this range.
For t = 1 s,
= 1 ( 0.5 )(1) = 0.5 rad

x = 50sin ( 0.5 )
a = 50cos ( 0.5 )( 1) 50sin ( 0.5 )( 0 )
x = 24.0 mm W
a = 43.9 mm/s 2 W

Given:
x = t 3 6t 2 + 9t + 5
Differentiate twice.
v=
dx
= 3t 2 12t + 9
dt
a=
dv
= 6t 12
dt
(a)
v=0
When velocity is zero.
3t 2 12t + 9 = 3 ( t 1)( t 3) = 0
t = 1 s and t = 3 s W
(b)
Position at t = 5 s.
3
x5 = ( 5 ) ( 6 )( 5 ) + ( 9 )( 5 ) + 5
x5 = 25 ft W
Acceleration at t = 5 s.
a5 = ( 6 )( 5 ) 12
a5 = 18 ft/s 2 W
Position at t = 0.
x0 = 5 ft
Over 0 t < 1 s
x is increasing.
Over 1 s < t < 3 s
x is decreasing.
Over 3 s < t 5 s
x is increasing.
3
x1 = (1) ( 6 )(1) + ( 9 )(1) + 5 = 9 ft
3
x3 = ( 3) ( 6 )( 3) + ( 9 )( 3) + 5 = 5 ft
Distance traveled.
At t = 1 s
d1 = x1 x0 = 9 5 = 4 ft
At t = 3 s
d3 = d1 + x3 x1 = 4 + 5 9 = 8 ft
At t = 5 s
d5 = d3 + x5 x3 = 8 + 25 5 = 28 ft
d5 = 28 ft W

3
x = t 2 ( t 2 ) ft
v=
(a)
dx
2
= 2t 3 ( t 2 ) ft/s
dt
Positions at v = 0.
2
2t 3 ( t 2 ) = 3t 2 + 14t 12 = 0
t=
14 (14) 2 (4)( 3)(12)

(2)( 3)
t1 = 1.1315 s and t2 = 3.535 s
(b)
At t1 = 1.1315 s,
x1 = 1.935 ft
x1 = 1.935 ft W
At t2 = 3.535 s,
x2 = 8.879 ft
x2 = 8.879 ft W
Total distance traveled.

At t = t0 = 0,
x0 = 8 ft
At t = t4 = 4 s,
x4 = 8 ft
Distances traveled.
0 to t1:
d1 = 1.935 8 = 6.065 ft
t1 to t2:
d 2 = 8.879 1.935 = 6.944 ft
t2 to t4:
d3 = 8 8.879 = 0.879 ft
Adding,
d = d1 + d 2 + d3
d = 13.89 ft W

a = 3e 0.2t
v
0 dv = 0 a dt
v 0=
t
3e 0.2t dt
0
3
=
e 0.2t
0.2
v = 15 e 0.2t 1 = 15 1 e 0.2t
At t = 0.5 s,
v = 15 1 e 0.1
x
v = 1.427 ft/s W
0 dx = 0 v dt
t
0
x 0 = 15 1 e
0.2t
x = 15 t + 5e 0.2t 5
At t = 0.5 s,
1 0.2t
dt = 15 t +
e
0.2
x = 15 0.5 + 5e 0.1 5
x = 0.363 ft W

Given:
a = 5.4sin kt ft/s 2 ,
t
v0 = 1.8 ft/s, x0 = 0,
v v0 = 0 a dt = 5.4 0 sin kt dt =
v 1.8 =
Velocity:
v = 1.8cos kt ft/s
t
x0=
When t = 0.5 s,
5.4
( cos kt 1) = 1.8cos kt 1.8
3
x x0 = 0 v dt = 1.8 0 cos kt dt =
Position:
5.4
cos kt
k
k = 3 rad/s
1.8
sin kt
k
1.8
( sin kt 0 ) = 0.6sin kt
3
x = 0.6sin kt ft
kt = ( 3)( 0.5 ) = 1.5 rad
v = 1.8cos1.5 = 0.1273 ft/s
x = 0.6sin1.5 = 0.5985 ft
v = 0.1273 ft/s W
x = 0.598 ft W

Given:
a = 3.24sin kt 4.32 cos kt ft/s 2 ,

x0 = 0.48 ft,
k = 3 rad/s
v0 = 1.08 ft/s
v v0 = 0 a dt = 3.24 0 sin kt dt 4.32 0 cos kt dt

v 1.08 =
=
3.24
cos kt
k
4.32
sin kt
k
3.24
4.32
( cos kt 1)
( sin kt 0 )
3
3
= 1.08cos kt 1.08 1.44sin kt

Velocity:
v = 1.08cos kt 1.44sin kt ft/s

t
x x0 = 0 v dt = 1.08 0 cos kt dt 1.44 0 sin kt dt

x 0.48 =
1.08
sin kt
k
t
0
1.44
cos kt
k
t
0
1.08
1.44
( sin kt 0 ) +
( cos kt 1)
3
3
= 0.36sin kt + 0.48cos kt 0.48
=
Position:
When t = 0.5 s,
x = 0.36sin kt + 0.48cos kt ft
kt = ( 3)( 0.5 ) = 1.5 rad
v = 1.08cos1.5 1.44sin1.5 = 1.360 ft/s
x = 0.36sin1.5 + 0.48cos1.5 = 0.393 ft
v = 1.360 ft/s !
x = 0.393 ft !

a = kt mm/s 2
Given:
At t = 0,
v = 400 mm/s;
at t = 1 s,
where k is a constant.
v = 370 mm/s,
x = 500 mm
v
t
t
2
400 dv = 0 a dt = 0 kt dt = 2 kt
v 400 =
1 2
kt
2
v = 400 +
or
1
2
k (1) = 370,
2
At t = 1 s,
v = 400 +
Thus
v = 400 30t 2 mm/s

v7 = 400 ( 30 )( 7 )
At t = 7 s,
When v = 0,
400 30t 2 = 0.
Then t 2 = 13.333 s2 ,
1 2
kt
2
k = 60 mm/s3
v7 = 1070 mm/s W
t = 3.651 s
For 0 t 3.651 s,
v>0
and
x is increasing.
For t > 3.651 s,
v<0
and
x is decreasing.
x
t
t
2
500 dx = 1 v dt = 1 ( 400 30t ) dt
x 500 = 400t 10t 3
t
1
= 400t 10t 3 390
Position:
x = 400t 10t 3 + 110 mm
At t = 0,
x = x0 = 110 mm
At t = 3.651 s,
x = xmax = ( 400 )( 3.651) (10 )( 3.651) + 110 = 1083.7 mm
At t = 7 s,
x = x7 = ( 400 )( 7 ) (10 )( 7 ) + 110
x7 = 520 mm W
Distances traveled:
Over 0 t 3.651 s,
d1 = xmax x0 = 973.7 mm
Over 3.651 t 7 s,
d 2 = xmax x7 = 1603.7 mm
Total distance traveled:
d = d1 + d 2 = 2577.4 mm
d = 2580 mm W

Determine velocity.
v
t
t
0.15 dv = 2 a dt = 2 0.15 dt
v ( 0.15 ) = 0.15t ( 0.15 )( 2 )

v = 0.15t 0.45 m/s
At t = 5 s,
When v = 0,
v5 = ( 0.15 )( 5 ) 0.45
0.15t 0.45 = 0
t = 3.00 s
For 0 t 3.00 s,
v 0,
x is decreasing.
For 3.00 t 5 s,
v 0,
x is increasing.
Determine position.
v5 = 0.300 m/s W
x
t
t
10 dx = 0 v dt = 0 ( 0.15t 0.45) dt
x ( 10 ) = 0.075t 2 0.45t
t
0
= 0.075t 2 0.45t
x = 0.075 t 2 0.45t 10 m
2
x5 = ( 0.075 )( 5 ) ( 0.45 )( 5 ) 10 = 10.375 m
At t = 5 s,
x5 = 10.38 m W
At t = 0,
x0 = 10 m (given)
At t = 3.00 s,
x3 = xmin = ( 0.075 )( 3.00 ) ( 0.45 )( 3.00 ) 10 = 10.675 mm
Distances traveled:
Over 0 t 3.00 s,
d1 = x0 xmin = 0.675 m
Over 3.00 s < t < 5 s,
d 2 = x5 xmin = 0.300 m
d = d1 + d 2 = 0.975 m
d = 0.975 m W

a = 9 3t 2
Given:
Separate variables and integrate.
v
t
2
0 dv = a dt = 0 ( 9 3t ) dt = 9
v 0 = 9 t t3
(a)
When v is zero.
v = t 9 t2
t (9 t 2 ) = 0
t = 0 and t = 3 s (2 roots)
(b)
t =3sW
Position and velocity at t = 4 s.

x
t
t
3
5 dx = 0 v dt = 0 ( 9t t ) dt
x5=
9 2 1 4
t t
2
4
x=5+
At t = 4 s,
9 2 1 4
x4 = 5 + ( 4 ) ( 4 )
2
4
v4 = ( 4 ) 9 42
(c)
9 2 1 4
t t
2
4
x4 = 13 m W
v4 = 28 m/s W
Distance traveled.
Over 0 < t < 3 s,
v is positive, so x is increasing.
Over 3 s < t 4 s,
v is negative, so x is decreasing.
At t = 3 s,
9 2 1 4
x3 = 5 + ( 3) ( 3) = 25.25 m
2
4
At t = 3 s
d3 = x3 x0 = 25.25 5 = 20.25 m
At t = 4 s
d 4 = d3 + x4 x3 = 20.25 + 13 25.25 = 32.5 m
d 4 = 32.5 m W
Separate variables
Integrate using
dv
= kt 2
dt
a=
Given:
dv = kt2 dt
v = 10 m/s when t = 0
and v = 10 m/s when t = 2 s.
10
2 2
10 dv = 0 kt dt
10
10
1 3
kt
3
[(10) (10)] = 3 k ( 2 )3 0
(a)
Solving for k,
(b)
Equations of motion.
k=
( 3)( 20 )
k = 7.5 m/s 4 W
Using upper limit of v at t,

v
v
10
1
= kt 3
3
1
v + 10 = ( 7.5 ) t 3
3
v = 10 + 2.5 t 3 m/s W
dx
= v = 10 + 2.5 t 3
dt
Then,
Separate variables and integrate using x = 0 when t = 2 s.
dx = 10 + 2.5 t 3 dt
x
dx
0
t
2
= 10 + 2.5 t 3 dt
x 0 = 10 t + 0.625 t 4
t
2
4
= 10 t + 0.0625 t ( 10 )( 2 ) + ( 0.625 )( 2 )
= 10 t + 0.625 t 4 [ 10]
x = 10 10t + 0.625t 4 m W

a = 40 160 x = 160 ( 0.25 x )
Note that a is a given function of x.
(a) Note that v is maximum when a = 0, or x = 0.25 m

Use v dv = a dx = 160 ( 0.25 x ) dx with the limits
v = 0.3 m/s when x = 0.4 m and v = vmax when x = 0.25 m
vmax
0.25
0.3 v dv = 0.4 160 ( 0.25 x ) dx
2
( 0.25 x )
vmax
0.32
= 160
2
2
2
0.25
0.4
( 0.15)2 = 1.8
= 160 0
2
2
vmax
= 3.69 m 2 /s 2
vmax = 1.921 m/s W
(b) Note that x is maximum or minimum when v = 0.

Use v dv = a dx = 160 ( 0.25 x ) with the limits
v = 0.3 m/s
when x = 0.4 m,
and
v = 0 when x = xm
xm
0.3 v dv = 0.4 160 ( 0.25 x ) dx

2
0.3)
(
0
2
0.25 x )
(
= 160
xm
2
= 80 ( 0.25 xm ) + ( 80 )( 0.15 )
0.4
( 0.25 xm )2 = 0.02306
0.25 xm = 0.1519 m
xm = 0.0981 m and 0.402 m W

a = 100 ( 0.25 x ) m/s 2
a is a function of x:
Use v dv = a dx = 100 ( 0.25 x ) dx with limits v = 0 when x = 0.2 m
0 v dv = 0.2100 ( 0.25 x ) dx
v
1 2
1
2
v 0 = (100 )( 0.25 x )
2
2
0.2
= 50 ( 0.25 x ) + 0.125
2
So
v 2 = 0.25 100 ( 0.25 x )
Use
Integrate:
dx = v dt
t
x
0 dt = 0.2
Let u = 20 ( 0.25 x ) ;
So
Solve for u.
or
dt =
v = 0.5 1 400 ( 0.25 x )
or
dx
dx
=
2
v
0.5 1 400 ( 0.25 x )
dx
0.5 1 400 ( 0.25 x )
when x = 0.2 u = 1
and du = 20dx
1
1 1
= m sin 1 u = m
t = m
sin u
2
10
10
2
10 1 u
1
u
1
du
sin 1 u =
m 10t
u = sin m 10t = cos ( 10t ) = cos10t

2
u = cos 10t = 20 ( 0.25 x )
continued
Solve for x and v.

x = 0.25
v=
Evaluate at t = 0.2 s.
1
sin10t
2
x = 0.25
v=
1
cos10t
20
1
cos ( (10 )( 0.2 ) )
20
1
sin ( (10 )( 0.2 ) )
2
x = 0.271 m W
v = 0.455 m/s W

Note that a is a given function of x
Use
v dv = a dx = 600 x 1 + kx 2 dx = 600 x + 600kx3 dx
Using the limits
v = 7.5 ft/s
and
v = 15 ft/s
15
0.45
7.5 v dv = 0
v2

2
(15)2
2
15
7.5
when x = 0.45 ft,
( 600x + 600kx ) dx
3
600 2 600 4
=
x +
kx
4
2
( 7.5)2
2
when x = 0,
0.45
0
= ( 300 )( 0.45 ) + (150 ) k ( 0.45 )
84.375 = 60.75 + 6.1509k

Solving for k ,
k = 3.84 ft 2 W

v dv = a dx = 800 x + 3200 x3 dx
Use
Using the limit v = 10 ft/s when x = 0,

v
x
3
10 v dv = 0 ( 800 x + 3200 x ) dx
v 2 (10 )
= 400 x 2 + 800 x 4
2
2
2
v 2 = 1600 x 4 + 800 x 2 + 100
Let u = x 2
v 2 = 1600u 2 + 800u + 100 = 1600 ( u u1 )( u u2 ) ,
Then
1600u 2 + 800u + 100 = 0
where u1 and u2 are the roots of

Solving the quadratic equation,
u1,2 =
800
(800 )2 ( 4 )(1600 )(100 )

( 2 )(1600 )
800 0
= 0.25 0
3200
u1 = u2 = 0.25 ft 2
So
Taking square roots,
v 2 = 1600 ( u + 0.25 ) = 1600 x 2 + 0.52

2
ft 2 /s 2
v = 40 x 2 + 0.52 ft/s
Use
dx = v dt
40dt =
t
dt =
or
dx
x + 0.52
x
x=0
when
t=0
dx
1
x
=
tan 1
2
0.5
0.5
x + 0.5
2
40t = 2.0 tan 1 ( 2 x )

2 x = tan ( 20t )
v=
Use limit
40 0 dt = 0
dx
dx
=
2
v
40 x + 0.52
tan 1 ( 2 x ) = 20t
or
x = 0.5 tan ( 20t )
or
dx
= 0.5 sec2 ( 20t ) ( 20 ) = 10 sec2 ( 20t )
dt
At t = 0, v = 10 ft/s, which agrees with the given data if the minus sign is rejected.
Thus,
At t = 0.05 s,
v = 10 sec 2 ( 20t ) ft/s,
and
x = 0.5 tan ( 20t ) ft
20t = 1.0 rad

v = 10sec2 (1.0 ) =
10
cos 2 1.0
x = 0.5 tan (1.0 )
v = 34.3 ft/s W
x = 0.779 ft W

7
a = 12 x 28 = 12 x m/s 2
3
Use v dv = a dx = 12 x dx with the limits v = 8 m/s when x = 0.

3
v
v dv
8
v2

2
x
x
0
7
= 12
dx
3
12
7
= x
2
3
2
2
v 2 82 12
7
7
=
x
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
7
7
4
7
v = 8 + 12 x = 12 x
3
3
3
3
7
4
v = 12 x
3
3
Reject minus sign to get v = 8 m/s at x = 0.
(a) Maximum value of x.
v = 0 when x = xmax
2
7
4
12 x = 0
3
3
7
1
=
3
3
or
7
1
x 3 = 9
xmax = 2 m
and
xmax =
8
2
m=2 m
3
3
Now observe that the particle starts at x = 0 with v > 0 and reaches x = 2 m. At x = 2 m, v = 0 and
2
a < 0, so that v becomes negative and x decreases. Thus, x = 2 m is never reached.
3
xmax = 2 m !
(b) Velocity when total distance traveled is 3 m.
The particle will have traveled total distance d = 3 m when d xmax = xmax x or 3 2 = 2 x
or x = 1 m.
2
7
4
Using v = 12 x , which applies when x is decreasing, we get

3
3
7
4
v = 12 1 = 20
3
3
v = 4.47 m/s !
a = k 1 e x
Note that a is a function of x.
Use v dv = a dx = k 1 e x dx with the limits v = 9 m/s when x = 3 m, and v = 0 when x = 0.

0
0
x
9 v dv = 3 k (1 e ) dx
v2

2
= k x + e x
9
92
= k 0 + 1 ( 3) e3 = 16.0855k
2
k = 2.52 m/s 2 W
k = 2.5178
(a)
Use v dv = a dx = k 1 e x dx = 2.5178 1 e x dx with the limit v = 0 when x = 0.
0 v dv = 0 2.5178 (1 e
v
v2
= 2.5178 x + e x
2
) dx
= 2.5178 x + e x 1
v 2 = 5.0356 x + e x 1
v = 2.2440 x + e x 1
1/2
(b) Letting x = 2 m,
v = 2.2440 2 + e2 1
1/ 2
= 4.70 m/s
Since x begins at x = 2 m and ends at x = 0, v > 0.

Reject the minus sign.
v = 4.70 m/s W

a=v
v
dv
= 6.8 e0.00057 x
dx
x
0 v dv = 0 6.8 e
0.00057 x
dx
v2
6.8
e0.00057 x
0=
2
0.00057
= 11930 1 e0.00057 x
x
0
When v = 30 m/s.
( 30 )2
2
= 11930 1 e0.00057 x
1 e0.00057 x = 0.03772
e0.00057 x = 0.96228
0.00057 x = ln (0.96228) = 0.03845
x = 67.5 m W

a=v
Given:
dv
= 0.4v
dx
dv
= 0.4
dx
or
Separate variables and integrate using v = 75 mm/s when x = 0.

v
75 dv = 0.4 0
v 75 = 0.4 x
(a) Distance traveled when v = 0

0 75 = 0.4x
x = 187.5 mm W
(b) Time to reduce velocity to 1% of initial value.

v = (0.01)(75) = 0.75
t = 2.5ln
0.75
75
t = 11.51 s W

a =v
Given:
dv
= kv2
dx
Separate variables and integrate using v = 9 m/s when x = 0.

dv
v
x
9 v = k 0 dx
ln
v
= kx
9
Calculate k using v = 7 m/s when x = 13 m.

ln
Solve for x.
7
= ( k )(13)
9
x=
k = 19.332 103 m 1
1
v
v
ln = 51.728 ln
9
9
k
(a) Distance when v = 3 m/s.

3
x = 51.728 ln
9
x = 56.8 m W
(b) Distance when v = 0.

x = 51.728 ln ( 0 )
x=W

v dv = a dx = k vdx,
x0 = 0,
v0 = 25 ft/s
1
dx = v1/2dv
k
1
x
v
3/2
x0 dx = k v0 vdv = 3k v
x x0 =
2 3/2
v0 v3/2
3k
or
x=
v
v0
2
2
( 25)3/2 v3/2 = 125 v3/2
3k
3k
Noting that x = 6 ft when v = 12 ft/s,
Then,
6=
2
55.62
125 123/2 =
3k
k
x=
2
125 v3/2 = 0.071916 125 v3/2
( 3)( 9.27 )
k = 9.27 ft/s3
or
v3/2 = 125 13.905 x

(a) When x = 8 ft,
3/2
v3/2 = 125 (13.905 )( 8 ) = 13.759 ( ft/s )
v = 5.74 ft/s W
dv = a dt = k vdt
(b)
dt =
t =
1 dv
k v1/ 2
v
1
2 1/2
2 v1/2 =
v0 v1/2
v0
k
k
1/2
At rest, v = 0
( 2 )( 25)
2v1/2
t = 0 =
9.27
k
t = 1.079 s W

x as a function of v.
v
= 1 e0.00057 x
154
2
v
e 0.00057 x = 1
154
v 2
0.00057 x = ln 1

154
v 2
x = 1754.4 ln 1

154
(1)
a as a function of x.
v 2 = 23716 1 e0.00057
a=v
dv
d v2
0.0005 x
=
= (11858 )( 0.00057 ) e
dx dx 2
v 2
a = 6.75906 e 0.00057 x = 6.75906 1

154
(2)
(a) v = 20 m/s.
x = 29.8 m e
From (1),
x = 29.843
From (2),
a = 6.64506
a = 6.65 m/s2 e
From (1),
x = 122.54
x = 122.5 m e
From (2),
a = 6.30306
a = 6.30 m/s2 e
(b) v = 40 m/s.

Given: v = 7.5 (1 0.04 x )
0.3
with units km and km/h
(a) Distance at t = 1 hr.

Using dx = v dt , we get dt =
dx
dx
=
v
7.5(1 0.04 x)0.3
Integrating, using t = 0 when x = 0,
t
x
or [t ]t0 =
1 0.04 x0.7 }
{
0 dt = 7.5 0
0.3
0
( 7.5) ( 0.7 )( 0.04 )
(1 0.04 )
dx
t = 4.7619 1 (1 0.04 x )
1/0.7
x = 25 1 (1 0.210t )
Solving for x,
0.7
(1)
x = 7.15 km W
1/0.7
x = 25 1 1 ( 0.210 )(1)
When t = 1 h,
(b) Acceleration when t = 0.
dv
= (7.5)(0.3)( 0.04)(1 0.04 x)0.7 = 0.0900(1 0.04 x) 0.7
dx
When t = 0 and x = 0,
v = 7.5 km/h,
a=v
dv
0.0900 h 1
dx
dv
= (7.5)(0.0900) = 0.675 km/h 2
dx
(0.675)(1000)
m/s 2
(3600)2
a = 52.1 106 m/s 2 W
(c) Time to run 6 km.

Using x = 6 km in equation (1),
t = 4.7619 1 1 ( 0.04 )( 6 )
0.7
} = 0.8323 h
t = 49.9 min W

dv
gR 2
=a= 2
dr
r
The acceleration is given by
Then,
v dv =
gR 2dr
r2
Integrating, using the conditions v = 0 at r = , and v = vesc at r = R
dr
0
2
vesc v dv = gR R r 2
1 2
v
2
0
vesc
1
= gR 2
r
1 2
1
vesc = gR 2 0
2
R
vesc = 2 gR
Now, R = 3960 mi = 20.909 106 ft and g = 32.2 ft/s2 .

Then,
vesc =
( 2 )( 32.2 ) ( 20.909 106 )
vesc = 36.7 103 ft/s W

The acceleration is given by a =
32.2

y
1 + 20.9 106
vdv = ady =
32.2dy

y
1 + 20.9 106
Integrate, using the conditions v = v0 at y = 0 and v = 0 at y = ymax . Also, use g = 32.2 ft/s 2 and
R = 20.9 106 ft.
0
v
v0
dv = g
dy
(1 + )
y
R
gR 2 0
dy
( R + y )2
gRymax
1 2
1
1
=
v0 = gR 2
R + ymax
2
R + ymax R
Solving for ymax ,
ymax =
Using the given numerical data,
ymax =
ymax
ymax
ymax
v0
20.9 106 v02
1
= gR
R + y
( 2 )( 32.2 ) ( 20.9 106 ) v02
( 20.9 10 ) ( 2400 )
=
(1.34596 10 ) ( 2400)
( 20.9 10 ) ( 4000)
=
(1.34596 10 ) ( 4000)
( 20.9 10 ) ( 40000)
=
(1.34596 10 ) ( 40000 )
ymax
20.9 106 v02

1.34596 109 v02
ymax = 89.8 103 ft W
ymax = 251 103 ft W
(c) v0 = 40000 ft/s,
Rv02
2 gR v02
(b) v0 = 4000 ft/s,
v02 ( R + ymax ) = 2 gRymax
(a) v0 = 2400 ft/s,
1 2
v
2
= negative
Negative value indicates that v0 is greater than the escape velocity.

ymax = W

(a) Given: v = v sin ( nt + )
At t = 0,
v = v0 = v sin
sin =
or
v0
v
(1)
Let x be maximum at t = t1 when v = 0.

Then,
sin ( nt1 + ) = 0
Using
dx
=v
dt
cos ( nt1 + ) = 1
and
dx = v dt
or
cos ( nt + )
Integrating,
x=C
At t = 0,
x = x0 = C
Then,
x = x0 +
xmax = x0 +
n
v
cos
cos
cos +
Solving for cos ,
cos =
With xmax = 2 x0 ,
cos =
C = x0 +
or
sin 2 + cos 2 = 1,
cos
cos ( nt + )
(3)
using cos nt1 + = 1
( xmax x0 ) n
v
x0 n
1
v
(4)
2
Using
(2)
or
v0
x0 n
v + v 1 = 1

Solving for v gives
v =
(v
2
0
+ x02 n2
2 x0 n
(5) W
a=
(b) Acceleration:
dv
= v n cos ( nt + )
dt
Let v be maximum at t = t2 when a = 0.
Then,
cos ( nt2 + ) = 0
From equation (3), the corresponding value of x is

x = x0 +
= 2 x0
cos = x0 +
v x0 n
v
1 = 2 x0
n v
n
3
1 v02
v02 + x02 n2
= x0
2 x0 n2
( 2x0 n ) n 2
3
x0
( )
v0
x0 n

(a )
t
dx
= v = v0 1 sin
dt
T
Integrating, using x = x0 = 0 when t = 0,
t
x
t
t
0 dx = 0 v dt = 0 v0 1 sin T dt
x
0
vT
t
= v0t + 0 cos
T
x = v0t +
When t = 3T ,
v0T
x = 3v0T +
cos
t
T
t
0
v0T
(1)
v0T
vT
2
cos ( 3 ) 0 = 3 v0T
T
x = 2.36v0T W
a=
When t = 3T ,
v
t
dv
= 0 cos
dt
T
T
a=
v0
T
cos 3
a=
v0
T
(b) Using equation (1) with t = T ,

x1 = v0T +
v0T
cos
= v0T 1
v0T
Average velocity is
vave =
x x1 x0
2
=
= 1 v0
T
t
vave = 0.363v0 W

10 km/h = 2.7778 m/s
100 km/h = 27.7778 m/s
(a) Acceleration during start test.

a=
dv
dt
8.2
27.7778
0 a dt = 2.7778 v dt
8.2 a = 27.7778 2.7778
a = 3.05 m/s 2 W
(b) Deceleration during braking.

a=v
dv
=
dx
44
0
0 a dx = 27.7778 v dv =
a ( x)
44
0
( )
1
= v2
2
44 a =
0
27.7778
1
( 27.7778)2
2
a = 8.77 m/s 2
deceleration = a = 8.77 m/s 2 W

10 km/h = 2.7778 m/s
100 km/h = 27.7778 m/s
(a) Distance traveled during start test.

dv
dt
a=
a=
at = v v0
a=
0 a dt = v0 dv
v v0
t
27.7778 2.7778
= 3.04878 m/s 2
8.2
v = v0 + at = 2.7778 + 3.04878 t
t
8.2
x = 0 v dv = 0 2.7778 + 3.04878 t ) dt
= ( 2.7778 )( 8.2 ) + (1.52439 )( 8.2 )
x = 125.3 m W
(b) Elapsed time for braking test.

a=v
ax =
a=
dv
dx
0 a dx = v0 v dv
v 2 v0 2
2
2
1 2
1
v v02 =
0 27.77782
2x
( 2 )( 44 )
= 8.7682 m/s 2
a=
dv
dt
0 a dt = v0 dv
at = v v0
t=
v v0 0 27.7778
=
8.7682
a
t = 3.17 s W

Constant acceleration.
v0 = v A = 0,
x0 = x A = 0
v = v0 + at = at
x = x0 + v0t +
1 2 1 2
at = at
2
2
At point B,
x = xB = 2700 ft
(a) Solving (2) for a,
a=
(b) Then,
(1)
and
2 x ( 2 )( 2700 )
=
t2
( 30 )2
vB = at = ( 6 )( 30 )
(2)
t = 30 s
a = 6 ft/s 2 W
vB = 180 ft/s W

x0 = 0
v = v0 + at
(1)
x = x0 + v0t +
Then,
x = x0 + v0t +
At t = 6 s,
v=
540 =
v=
1
v0
2
x6 = 540 ft
and
1
1
v0 + v0 ( 6 ) = 4.5v0
2
2
or
v0 =
540
= 120 ft/s
4.5
1
v0 = 60 ft/s
2
60 120
60
=
ft/s 2 = 10 ft/s 2
6
6
a=
Substituting into (1) and (2),
v = 120 10t
x = 0 + 120t
or
(3)
1 v v0 2
1
1
t = x0 + ( v0 + v ) t = ( v0 + v ) t
2 t
2
2
Then, from (3),
At stopping, v = 0
(2)
v v0
t
a=
Solving (1) for a,
1 2
at
2
120 10ts = 0
1
(10 ) t 2
2
ts = 12 s
x = 0 + (120 )(12 )
1
(10 )(12 )2 = 720 ft
2
(a) Additional time for stopping = 12 s 6 s

(b) Additional distance for stopping = 720 ft 540 ft
t = 6 s W
d = 180 ft W

(a) During the acceleration phase x = x0 + v0t +
1 2
at
2
Using x0 = 0, and v0 = 0, and solving for a gives

a=
2x
t2
Noting that x = 130 m when t = 25 s,

a=
( 2 )(130 )
( 25)2
a = 0.416 m/s W
(b) Final velocity is reached at t = 25 s.

v f = v0 + at = 0 + ( 0.416 )( 25 )
v f = 10.40 m/s W
(c) The remaining distance for the constant speed phase is

x = 400 130 = 270 m
For constant velocity,
Total time for run:
t =
x
270
=
= 25.96 s
v
10.40
t = 25 + 25.96
t = 51.0 s W

Then,
Choose t = 0 at end of powered flight.

a = g = 9.81 m/s 2
y1 = 27.5 m
(a) When y reaches the ground, y f = 0
y f = y1 + v1t +
v1 =
t = 16 s.
and
y f y1 +
1 2
1
at = y1 + v1t gt 2
2
2
1
2
gt 2
0 27.5 +
1
2
( 9.81)(16 )2
16
= 76.76 m/s
v1 = 76.8 m/s W
(b) When the rocket reaches its maximum altitude ymax ,

v=0
v 2 = v12 + 2a ( y y1 ) = v12 2 g ( y y1 )
y = y1
v 2 v12
2g
ymax = 27.5
0 ( 76.76 )
( 2 )( 9.81)
ymax = 328 m W

Place origin at 0.
Motion of auto.
( x A )0 = 0, ( vA )0 = 0,
a A = 0.75 m/s 2
x A = ( x A )0 + ( v A )0 t +
1
1
a At 2 = 0 + 0 + ( 0.75 ) t 2
2
2
x A = 0.375t 2 m
Motion of bus.
( xB )0 = ?, ( vB )0 = 6 m/s,
aB = 0
xB = ( xB )0 ( vB )0 t = ( xB )0 6t m
At t = 20 s, xB = 0.
0 = ( xB )0 ( 6 )( 20 )
Hence,
( xB )0 = 120 m
xB = 120 6 t
When the vehicles pass each other, xB = x A.

120 6t = 0.375 t 2
0.375 t 2 + 6 t 120 = 0
t=
t=
6 (6) 2 ( 4 )( 0.375 )( 120 )
( 2 )( 0.375)
6 14.697
= 11.596 s
0.75
and 27.6 s
t = 11.60 s W
Reject the negative root.

Corresponding values of xA and xB.
2
x A = ( 0.375 )(11.596 ) = 50.4 m
xB = 120 ( 6 )(11.596 ) = 50.4 m
x = 50.4 m W

Place the origin at A when t = 0.
Motion of A: ( x A )0 = 0, ( v A )0 = 15 km/h = 4.1667 m/s, a A = 0.6 m/s 2
v A = ( v A )0 + a At = 4.1667 + 0.6t
1
a At 2 = 4.1667 t + 0.3t 2
2
= 23 km/h = 6.3889 m/s, aB = 0.4 m/s 2
x A = ( x A )0 + ( v A )0 t +
Motion of B: ( xB )0 = 25 m, ( vB )0
vB = ( vB )0 + aBt = 6.3889 0.4t

xB = ( xB )0 + ( vB )0 t +
(a) When and where A overtakes B.
1
aBt 2 = 25 + 6.3889t 0.2 t 2
2
x A = xB
4.1667 t + 0.3 t 2 = 25 + 6.3889 t 0.2 t 2

0.5t 2 2.2222t 25 = 0
t=
2.2222 2.22222 ( 4 )( 0.5 )( 25 )
( 2 )( 0.5)
t = 2.2222 7.4120 = 9.6343 s and 5.19 s

. t = 9.63 s W
Reject the negative root.

2
x A = ( 4.1667 )( 9.6343) + ( 0.3)( 9.6343) = 68.0 m

2
xB = 25 + ( 6.3889 )( 9.6343) ( 0.2 )( 9.6343) = 68.0 m
A moves 68.0 m W
B moves 43.0 m W
(b) Corresponding speeds.
v A = 4.1667 + ( 0.6 )( 9.6343) = 9.947 m/s
v A = 35.8 km/h W
vB = 6.3889 ( 0.4 )( 9.6343) = 2.535 m/s
vB = 9.13 km/h W

Constant acceleration ( a1 and a2 ) for horses 1 and 2.
Let x = 0 and t = 0 when the horses are at point A.
Then,
x = v0t +
Solving for a,
a=
1 2
at
2
2 ( x v0t )
t2
Using x = 1200 ft and the initial velocities and elapsed times for each horse,
Calculating x1 x2 ,
a1 =
x v1t1 2 1200 ( 20.4 )( 61.5 )

=
= 0.028872 ft/s 2
2
t12
( 61.5)
a2 =
x v2t2 2 1200 ( 21)( 62.0 )

=
= 0.053070 ft/s 2
2
2
t2
( 62.0 )
x1 x2 = ( v1 v2 ) t +
1
( a1 a2 ) t 2
2
x1 x2 = ( 20.4 21) t +
1
( 0.028872 ) ( 0.053070 ) t 2
2
= 0.6t + 0.012099 t 2
At point B,
(a)
x1 x2 = 0
tB =
0.6tB + 0.012099 t B2 = 0
0.6
= 49.59 s
0.012099
Calculating xB using data for either horse,
Horse 1:
Horse 2:
xB = ( 20.4 )( 49.59 ) +
1
( 0.028872 )( 49.59 )2
2
xB = ( 21)( 49.59 ) +
xB = 976 ft W
1
( 0.05307 )( 49.59 )2 = 976 ft
2
When horse 1 crosses the finish line at t = 61.5 s,

(b)
x1 x2 = ( 0.6 )( 61.5 ) + ( 0.012099 )( 61.5 )
x = 8.86 ft W

Choose x positive upward.
Constant acceleration a = g
Rocket A:
x = 0, v = v0 , t = 0
Rocket B:
x = 0, v = v0 , t = t B = 4 s
Rocket launch data:
Rocket A: v A = v0 gt
Velocities:
Rocket B: vB = v0 g ( t t B )
Rocket A: x A = v0t
Positions:
1 2
gt
2
Rocket B: xB = v0 ( t t B )
1
2
g ( t tB ) ,
2
t tB
For simultaneous explosions at x A = xB = 240 ft when t = t E ,

v0t E
1 2
1
1
1
2
gt E = v0 ( t E t B ) g ( t E t B ) = v0t E v0t B gt E2 + gt E t B gt B2
2
2
2
2
gt B
2
Solving for v0 ,
v0 = gt E
Then, when t = t E ,
gt
1
x A = gt E B t E gt E2 ,
2
2
Solving for t E ,
tE =
(1)
t B t B2 + ( 4 )(1)
or
( ) = 4
2 xA
g
t E2 t Bt E
2xA
=0
g
2 )( 240 )
( 4 )2 + ( 4)(1)(32.2
= 6.35 s
(a) From equation (1),

At time t E ,
(b)
v0 = ( 32.2 )( 6.348 )
v A = v0 gt E
( 32.2 )( 4 )
2
v0 = 140.0 ft/s
vB/ A = 128.8 ft/s
vB = v0 g ( t E t B )
vB v A = gt B = ( 32.2 )( 4 )

(a) Acceleration of A.
v A = ( v A )0 + a At ,
( v A )0 = 168 km/h = 46.67 m/s
At t = 8 s,
v A = 228 km/h = 63.33 m/s

aA =
v A ( v A )0
t
63.33 46.67
8
x A = ( x A )0 + ( v A )0 t +
(b)
1
a At 2
2
a A = 2.08 m/s 2 W
xB = ( x B ) 0 + ( vB ) 0 t +
1
aBt 2
2
1
x A xB = ( x A )0 ( xB )0 + ( v A )0 ( vB )0 t + ( a A aB ) t 2
2
When t = 0,
( x A )0 ( xB )0 = 38 m
When t = 8 s,
Hence,
and
( vB ) 0 ( v A ) 0 = 0
x A xB = 0
0 = 38 +
1
( a A aB )(8)2 ,
2
or
a A aB = 1.1875
aB = a A + 1.1875 = 2.08 + 1.1875
aB = 3.27 m/s 2 W

(a) Acceleration of A.
v A = ( v A )0 + a At
( v A )0 = 0
Using
x A = ( x A )0 + ( v A )0 t =
and
and
v A = a At
1
a At 2
2
( xA )0 = 0 gives
xA =
and
1
a At 2
2
When cars pass at t = t1, x A = 90 m

t12 =
2 x A ( 2 )( 90 ) 180
=
=
aA
aA
aA
v A = a At1
and
For 0 t 5 s,
vB = ( vB )0 = 96 km/h = 26.667 m/s
For t > 5 s,
vB = ( vB )0 + aB ( t 5 ) = 26.667 +
When vehicles pass,
v A = vB
a At1 = 26.667
7
5
a At1 a A = 26.667
6
6
t1 =
Using
Let u =
or
1
,
aA
1
aA ( t 5)
6
1
a A ( t1 5 )
6
or
7t1 5 =
160
aA
180
7 180
160
gives
5=
aA
aA
aA
7 180u 5 = 160u 2
160u 2 7 180u + 5 = 0
continued

u =
( 49 )(180 ) ( 4 )(160 )( 5)
( 2 )(160 )
7 180
= 0.0592125
aA =
and
93.915 74.967
320
0.52776
1
= 285.2 m/s
u2
and
3.590 m/s
The corresponding values for t1 are

t1 =
180
= 0.794 s,
285.2
t1 =
and
180
= 7.08 s
3.590
Reject 0.794 s since it is less than 5 s.

a A = 3.59 m/s 2 W
Thus,
t = t1 = 7.08 s W
(b) Time of passing.

(c) Distance d.
0 t 5 s,
xB = ( xB )0 ( vB )0 t = d 26.667t
xB = d ( 22.667 )( 5 ) = d 133.33
At t = 5 s,
xB = d 133.33 + ( vB )0 ( t 5 ) +
For t > 5 s,
xB = d 133.33 26.667 ( t 5 ) +
When t = t1 = 7.08 s,
1
2
aB ( t 5 )
2
1 3.59
2
(t 5)
2 6
xB = x A = 90
90 = d
( 3.59 )( 2.08)
133.33 ( 26.667 )( 2.08 ) +
( 2 )( 6 )
d = 90 + 133.33 + 55.47 1.29
d = 278 m W

1
1
a At 2 = 0 + 0 + ( 6.5 ) t 2
2
2
For t > 0,
x A = ( x A )0 + ( v A )0 t +
For t > 2 s,
xB = ( x B ) 0 + ( v B ) 0 ( t 2 ) +
or
xB = 5.85 ( t 2 ) = 5.85t 2 23.4t + 23.4
For x A = xB ,
or
or
x A = 3.25t 2
1
1
2
2
aB ( t 2 ) = 0 + 0 + (11.7 )( t 2 )
2
2
3.25t 2 = 5.85t 2 23.4t + 23.4,

2.60t 2 23.4t + 23.4 = 0
Solving the quadratic equation, t = 1.1459 and t = 7.8541 s

Reject the smaller value since it is less than 5 s.
t = 7.85 s W
(a )
x A = xB = ( 3.25 )( 7.8541)
(b)
x = 200 ft W
v A = ( v A )0 + a At = 0 + ( 6.5 )( 7.8541)
v A = 51.1 ft/s W
vB = ( vB )0 + aB ( t 2 ) = 0 + (11.7 )( 7.8541 2 )
vB = 68.5 ft/s W

Let x be the position relative to point P.
Then,
( x A )0 = 0
Also,
( vA )0 = 68 mi/h = 99.73 ft/s
and
( xB )0 = 0.62 mi = 3273.6 ft
and
( vB )0 = 39 mi/h = 57.2 ft/s
(a) Uniform accelerations.

x A = ( x A )0 + ( v A )0 t +
aA =
( 40 )
1
aBt 2
2
( 42 )
2 x A ( x A )0 ( v A )0 t
t2
= 0.895 ft/s 2
aB =
or
2 0 3273.6 ( 57.2 )( 42 )
2
aA =
or
2 3273.6 0 ( 99.73)( 40 )
xB = ( x B ) 0 + ( v B ) 0 +
aB =
1
a At 2
2
a A = 0.895 ft/s 2
2 xB ( xB )0 ( vB )0 t
t2
= 0.988 ft/s 2
aB = 0.988 ft/s 2
(b) When vehicles pass each other x A = xB .
( x A )0 + ( v A )0 t +
0 + 99.73t +
1
1
a At 2 = ( xB )0 + ( vB )0 t + aBt 2
2
2
1
1
( 0.895) t 2 = 3273.6 57.2t + ( 0.988) t 2
2
2
0.0465t 2 156.93t + 3273.6 = 0

t = 20.7 s and 3390 s
Reject the negative value. Then,
t = 20.7 s W
(c) Speed of B.
vB = ( vB )0 + aBt = 57.2 + ( 0.988 )( 20.7 ) = 77.7 ft/s
vB = 77.7 ft/s W

Let x be positive downward for all blocks and for point D.
v A = 1 m/s
Constraint of cable supporting A: x A + ( x A xB ) = constant
2v A vB = 0
or
vB = 2v A = ( 2 )(1) = 2 m/s
Constraint of cable supporting B: 2 xB + xC = constant

vC + 2vB = 0
or
vC = 2vB = ( 2 )( 2 ) = 4 m/s
(a)
(b)
(c)
vB/ A = vB v A = 2 1
vC = 4 m/s
v B/ A = 1 m/s
v D/ A = 3 m/s
xD + xC = constant, vD + vC = 0
vD = vC = 4 m/s
vD/ A = vD v A = 4 1

Let x be positive downward for all blocks.
Constraint of cable supporting A: x A + ( x A xB ) = constant
2v A vB = 0
or
vB = 2v A
and
aB = 2a A
Constraint of cable supporting B: 2 xB + xC = constant

2vB + vC = 0,
or
vC = 2vB ,
and
aC = 2aB = 4a A
Since vC and aC are down, v A and a A are up, i.e. negative.

2
v A2 ( v A )0 = 2a A x A ( x A )0
2
(a ) a A =
v A2 ( v A )0
2 x A ( x A )0
( 0.2 )2 0 = 0.04 m/s2

( 2 )( 0.5)
aC = 4a A
a A = 0.04 m/s 2
aC = 0.16 m/s 2
vB = 0.16 m/s
xB = 0.16 m
(b) aB = 2a A = ( 2 )( 0.04 ) = 0.08 m/s 2

vB = aBt = ( 0.08 )( 2 ) = 0.16 m/s
xB =
1
1
2
aBt 2 = ( 0.08 )( 2 ) = 0.16 m
2
2

Let xA, xB, xC, and xD be the displacements of blocks A, B, C, and D relative to the upper supports, increasing
downward.
x A + xB = constant
Constraint of cable AB:

v A + vB = 0
xB + 2 xD = constant
Constraint of cable BED:

vB + 2vD = 0
Constraint of cable BCD:
2vC vB vD = 0
vB = v A
or
1
1
vD = v B = v A
2
2
( xC xB ) + ( xC xD ) = constant
or
2vC + v A
1
vA = 0
2
(a) Velocity of block A.

1
v A = 2vC = (2)(4)
2
v A = 8 ft/s
v A = 8 ft/s
vD = 4 ft/s
(b) Velocity of block D.

vD =
1
v A = 4 ft/s
2

Let xA, xB, xC, xD, and xE be the displacements of blocks A, B, C, and D and cable point E relative to the upper
supports, increasing downward.
x A + xB = constant
Constraint of cable AB:

v A + vB = 0
vB = v A
a A + aB = 0
aB = a A
xB + 2 xD = constant
Constraint of cable BED:

vB + 2vD = 0
1
1
v D = vB = v A
2
2
a B + 2aD = 0
1
1
aD = a A = a A
2
2
( xC xB ) + ( xC xD ) = constant
Constraint of cable BCD:

2vC vB vD = 0
2vC + v A = 0
2aC aB aD = 0
2aC +
1
aA = 0
2
1
aC = a A
4
Since block C moves downward, vC and aC are positive.

Then, vA and aA are negative, i.e. upward.
Also, vD and aD are negative.
Relative motion:
v A/D = v A vD =
1
vA
2
a A/D = a A aD =
1
aA
2
(a) Acceleration of block C.

a A = 2a A/D =
2v A/D
t
(2)(8)
= 3.2 ft/s 2
5
a A = 3.2 ft/s 2
1
aC = a A = 0.8 ft/s 2
4
Constraint of cable portion BE:

vB + vE = 0
aC = 0.8 ft/s 2
aE = 3.2 ft/s 2
xB + xE = constant
aB + aE = 0
(b) Acceleration of point E.

aE = aB = a A = 3.2 ft/s 2

Let x be position relative to the right supports, increasing to the left.
Constraint of entire cable:
2 x A + xB + ( xB x A ) = constant
2vB + v A = 0
v A = 2vB
2 x A + xC = constant
Constraint of point C of cable:
2v A + vC = 0
vC = 2v A
(a) Velocity of collar A.

v A = 2vB = ( 2 )( 300 ) = 600 mm/s
v A = 600 mm/s
vC = 1200 mm/s
vC/B = 900 mm/s
(b) Velocity of point C of cable.

vC = 2v A = ( 2 )( 600 ) = 1200 mm/s
(c) Velocity of point C relative to collar B.
vC/B = vC vB = 1200 300 = 900 mm/s

Let x be position relative to the right supports, increasing to the left.
2 x A + xB + ( xB x A ) = constant,

2vB + v A = 0,
or
1
vB = v A ,
2
and
1
aB = a A
2
(a) Accelerations of A and B.

1
vB/A = vB v A = v A v A
2
vA =
v A ( v A )0 = a At ,
or
2
v A = v B/A
3
2
( 610 ) = 406.67 mm/s
3
aA =
v A ( v A )0
t
406.67 0
= 50.8 mm/s2
8
1
1
aB = a A = ( 50.8 )
2
2
a A = 50.8 mm/s 2
aB = 25.4 mm/s 2
vB = 152.5 mm/s
xB = 458 mm
(b) Velocity and change in position of B after 6 s.

vB = ( vB )0 + aBt = 0 + ( 25.4 )( 6 )
xB ( xB )0 = ( vB )0t +
1
1
2
aBt 2 = ( 25.4 )( 6 )
2
2

Let x be position relative to left anchor. At the right anchor, x = d .
xB + ( xB x A ) + 2 ( d x A ) = constant
Constraint of cable:
2vB 3v A = 0
vA =
or
2
vB
3
(d
Constraint of point D of cable:

v A + vD = 0
and
2
aB
3
x A + d xD ) = constant
vD = v A
or
aA =
and
aD = a A
(a) Accelerations of A and B.
( vB )0 = 6 in./s
2
3
( vA )0 = ( 6 ) = 4 in./s
2
v A2 ( v A )0 = 2a A x A ( x A )0
2
aA =
aB =
v A2 ( v A )0
2 x A ( x A )0
( 2.4 )2 ( 4 )2
( 2 )(10 )
= 0.512 in./s 2
3
3
a A = ( 0.512 ) = 0.768 in./s 2
2
2
aD = a A = ( 0.512 )
(b) Acceleration of point D.
a A = 0.512 in./s 2
aB = 0.768 in./s 2
aD = 0.512 in./s 2
vB = 2.93 in./s
xB = 17.86 in.
(c) Velocity of block B after 4 s.

vB = ( vB )0 + aBt = 6 + ( 0.768 )( 4 )
Change in position of block B.
xB ( xB ) 0 = ( vB ) 0 t +
1
1
2
aBt 2 = ( 6 )( 4 ) + ( 0.768 )( 4 )
2
2

Let x be position relative to left anchor. At right anchor x = d .
xB + ( xB x A ) + 2 ( d x A ) = constant
(a) Velocity of A:
vA =
Constraint of point C of cable:
2
2
vB = (12 )
3
3
v A = 8.00 in./s
vC = 24 in./s
vD = v A = 8.00 in./s
vD = 8.00 in./s
vC/ A = vC v A = 24 8
vC/ A = 16.00 in./s
xB + xB xC = constant
(b) Velocity of C:
vC = 2vB = 2 (12 )
Constraint of point D of cable:
d x A + d xC = constant
(c) Velocity of D:
(d) Relative velocity.
2vB 3v A = 0
2vB vC = 0
v A + vD = 0,

Let x be position relative to the anchor, positive to the right.
xB + ( xC xB ) + 3 ( xC x A ) = constant
4vC 2vB 3v A = 0
vB = 50 mm/s
When t = 0,
( vC )0 =
(a)
and
(1, 2)
( va )0 = 100 mm/s
1
1
2vB + 3 ( v A ) = ( 2 )( 50 ) + ( 3)(100 )
0
4
4
( xD xA ) + ( xC
Constraint of point D:
4aC 2aB 3a A = 0
( vC )0 = 50 mm/s
x A ) + ( xC xB ) xB = constant
vD + 2vC 2v A 2vB = 0
( vD )0 = 2 ( v A )0 + 2vB 2 ( vC )0 = ( 2 )(100 ) + ( 2 )( 50 ) ( 2 )( 50 )
(b)
xC ( xC )0 = ( vC )0 t +
(c)
aC =
( vD ) 0 = 0
1
aC t 2
2
2 xC ( xC )0 ( vC )0 t
t
2 40 ( 50 )( 2 )
( 2)
= 30 mm/s 2
aC = 30 mm/s 2
a A = 40 mm/s 2
Solving (2) for aA

aA =
1
1
( 4aC 2aB ) = ( 4 )( 30 ) ( 2 )( 0 ) = 40 mm/s2
3
3

Let x be position relative to the anchor, positive to the right.
xB + ( xC xB ) + 3 ( xC x A ) = constant
4vC 2vB 3v A = 0
4aC 2aB 3a A = 0
and
(a) Accelerations of B and C.

v A = 420 mm/s
At t = 2 s,
vC =
vB = 30 mm/s
and
1
1
( 2vB + 3v A ) = ( 2 )( 30 ) + ( 3)( 420 ) = 300 mm/s
4
4
( vC )0 = 0
vC = ( vC )0 + aC t
aB =
aC =
vC ( vC )0
t
300 0
2
aC = 150 mm/s 2
aB = 105 mm/s 2
( vA )0 = 120 mm/s
( vB )0 = 180 mm/s
1
1
( 4aC 3a A ) = ( 4 )(150 ) ( 3)( 270 ) = 105 mm/s2
2
2
(b) Initial velocities of A and B.

v A = ( v A )0 a At
v B = ( vB ) 0 a B t
Constraint of point E:
( vA )0 = v A a At = 420 ( 270 )( 2 ) = 120 mm/s

( vB )0 = vB aBt = 30 ( 105)( 2 )
2 ( xC x A ) + ( xE x A ) = constant
vE 3v A + 2vC = 0
(c)
( vE )0 = 3 ( vA )0 2 ( vC )0 = ( 3)( 120 ) ( 2 )( 0 ) = 360 mm/s

( vE )0 = 360 mm/s

Define positions as positive downward from a fixed level.
( xB xA ) + ( xC
Constraint of cable.
x A ) + 2 ( xC xB ) = constant
3xC xB 2 x A = constant
3vC vB 2v A = 0
3aC aB 2a A = 0
Motion of block C.
( v A )0 = 0,
( vC )0 =
aC =
a A = 3.6 in./s 2 , vB = ( vB )0 = 18 in./s, aB = 0
1
( vB ) + 2 ( v A ) = 6 in./s
0
0
3
1
1
( aB + 2aA ) = 0 + ( 2 )( 3.6 ) = 2.4 in./s2
3
3
vC = ( vC )0 + aC t = 6 1.2t
xC ( xC )0 = ( vC )0 t +
1
aC t 2 = 6t 0.6t 2
2
(a) Time at vC = 0.
0 = 6 2.4t
t = 2.5 s W
(b) Corresponding position of block C.

2
1
xC ( xC )0 = ( 6 )( 2.5 ) + ( 2.4 )( 2.5 )
2
xC ( xC )0 = 7.5 in.

Define positions as positive downward from a fixed level.
( xB xA ) + ( xC
x A ) + 2 ( xC xB ) = constant
3xC xB 2 x A = constant
3vC vB 2v A = 0
3aC aB 2a A = 0
Motion of block C.
( vA )0 = 0,
( vB )0 = 0,
a A = 2.5t in./s 2 ,
( vC )0 =
aC =
aB = 15 in./s 2
1
( vB ) + 2 ( v A ) = 0
0
0
3
1
1
( aB + 2a A ) = (15 5t ) in./s2
3
3
vC = ( vC )0 + 0 aC dt
t
=0+
xC ( xC )0 =
1
15t 2.5t 2 in./s
3
1
7.5t 2 0.83333t 3 in.
3
(a) Time at vC = 0
1
15t 2.5t 2 = 0
t = 0 and t = 6 s
3
(b) Corresponding position of block C.
1
2
3
xC ( xC )0 = 0 + ( 7.5 )( 6 ) ( 0.83333)( 6 )
3
0+
t =6sW
xC ( xC )0 = 30 in. W

Let x be position relative to the support taken positive if downward.
Constraint of cable connecting blocks A, B, and C:
2x A + 2 xB + xC = constant,
2v A + 2vB + vC = 0
2a A + 2aB + aC = 0
(1)
Constraint of cable supporting block D:
( xD xA ) + ( xD xB ) = constant,
2vD v A vB = 0
2aD aB a A = 0
Given:
aC/B = aC aB = 120
Given:
aD/ A = aD a A = 220
(2)
aC = aB 120
or
(3)
aD = a A + 220
or
(4)
Substituting (3) and (4) into (1) and (2),

2a A + 2aB + ( aB 120 ) = 0
or
2a A + 3aB = 120
(5)
2 ( a A + 220 ) a A aB = 0
or
a A aB = 440
(6)
Solving (5) and (6) simultaneously,

a A = 240 mm/s 2
aC = 80 mm/s 2
From (3) and (4),
aB = 200 mm/s 2
and
and
aD = 20 mm/s 2
(a) Velocity of C after 6 s.

vC = ( vC )0 + aC t = 0 + ( 80 )( 6 )
vC = 480 mm/s W
(b) Change in position of D after 10 s.

xD ( x D ) 0 = ( v D ) 0 t +
1
1
2
aDt 2 = 0 + ( 20 )(10 ) = 1000 mm
2
2
xD = 1.000 m

Let x be position relative to the support taken positive if downward.
Constraint of cable connecting blocks A, B, and C:
2 x A + 2 xB + xC = constant,
2v A + 2vB + vC = 0,
( vA )0 = ( vB )0 = ( vC )0 = 0,
2
aB/ A =
vB2/ A
2 ( xB x A )
xB/ A = xB/ A
t2 =
vB2/ A 0 = 2aB/ A ( xB x A 0 )
402
= 10 mm/s 2
2 (160 80 )
)0 + ( vB/A )0 t + 12 aB/At 2 = 0 + 0 + 12 aB/At 2
2xB/ A
aB/ A
2 ( xB x A )
t=
or
aA =
2 x A ( x A )0 ( v A )0 t
t
aB/ A
2 (160 80 )
10
2 ( 80 0 )
( 4)
=4s
1
a At 2
2
x A ( x A )0 = ( v A )0 t +
(a)
( xB/A )0 = 0, ( vB/A )0 = 0
( xA )0 = ( xB )0 = ( xC )0 ,
( vB/A ) ( vB/A )0 = 2aP/A xB/A ( xB/A )0

2
2a A + 2aB + aC = 0
a A = 10 mm/s 2 W
aB = 20 mm/s 2 W
aB = a A + aB/ A = 10 + 10
aC = ( 2aB + 2a A ) = ( 2 )( 20 ) + ( 2 )(10 ) = 60 mm/s
vC = ( vC )0 + aC t
t=
vC ( vC )0
aC
300 0
=5s
60
Constraint of cable supporting block D:
( xD xA ) + ( xD xB ) = constant,
1
1
( a A + aB ) = (10 + 20 ) = 15 mm/s
2
2
1
1
2
= ( vD )0 t + aDt 2 = 0 + (15 )( 5 )
xD = 187.5 mm W
2
2
2aD a A aB = 0,
(b)
xD ( x D ) 0
2vD v A vB = 0
aD =
at curve
A1 = 12 m/s, A2 = 8 m/s
(a)
vt curve
v6 = 4 m/s
v0 = v6 A1 = 4 ( 12 ) = 8 m/s
v10 = 4 m/s
(b)
v14 = v10 + A2 = 4 + 8
v14 = 4 m/s W
A3 = 16 m, A4 = 4 m
A5 = 16 m, A6 = 4 m
A7 = 4 m
(a)
xt curve
x0 = 0
x4 = x0 + A3 = 16 m
x6 = x4 + A4 = 12 m
x10 = x6 + A5 = 4 m
x12 = x10 + A6 = 8 m
x14 = x12 + A7
(b)
x14 = 4 m W
Distance traveled:
0 t 4 s,
d1 = 16 0 = 16 m
4 s t 12 s,
d 2 = 8 16 = 24 m
12 s t 14 s,
d3 = 4 ( 8 ) = 4 m
d = 16 + 24 + 4
d = 44 m W
(a) Construction of the curves.

at curve
A1 = 12 m/s, A2 = 8 m/s
vt curve
v0 = 8 m/s
v6 = v0 + A1 = 8 + ( 12 ) = 4 m/s
v10 = v6 = 4 m/s
v14 = v10 + A2 = 4 + 8 = 4 m/s
A3 = 16 m, A4 = 4 m
A5 = 16 m, A6 = 4 m
A7 = 4 m
xt curve
x0 = 0
x4 = x0 + A3 = 16 m
x6 = x4 + A4 = 12 m
x10 = x6 + A5 = 4 m
x12 = x10 + A6 = 8 m
x14 = x12 + A7 = 4 m
(b) Time for x > 8 m.

From the xt diagram, this is time interval t1 to t2.
Over 0 < t < 6 s,
dx
= v = 8 2t
dt
continued
Integrating, using limits x = 0 when t = 0 and x = 8 m when

t = t1
8
0
= 8t t 2
or
0
8 = 8t1 t12
t12 8t1 + 8 = 0
or

t1 =
(8)2 ( 4 )(1)(8)
( 2 )(1)
= 4 2.828 = 1.172 s
and
6.828 s
The larger root is out of range, thus t1 = 1.172 s

Over 6 < t < 10,
x = 12 4 ( t 6 ) = 36 4t
Setting x = 8,
8 = 36 4t2
Required time interval:
or
t2 = 7 s
( t2 t1 ) = 5.83 s W
The at curve is just the slope of the vt curve.

0 < t < 10 s,
10 s < t < 18 s,
18 s < t < 30 s,
a=0W
a=
a=
18 6
= 1.5 ft/s 2 W
18 10
18 18
= 3 ft/s 2 W
30 18
30 s < t < 40 s
a=0W
Points on the xt curve may be calculated using areas of the vt

curve.
A1 = (10)(6) = 60 ft
A2 =
1
(6 + 18)(18 10) = 96 ft
2
A3 =
1
(18)(24 18) = 54 ft
2
A4 =
1
(18)(30 24) = 54 ft
2
A5 = (18)(40 30) = 180 ft

x0 = 48 ft W
x10 = x0 + A1 = 12 ft W
x18 = x10 + A2 = 108 ft W
x24 = x18 + A3 = 162 ft W
x30 = x24 + A4 = 108 ft W
x40 = x30 + A5 = 72 ft W
continued
(a) Maximum value of x.

Maximum value of x occurs
When
v = 0, i.e. t = 24 s.
xmax = 162 ft W
(b) Time s when x = 108 ft.

From the xt curve,
t = 18 s and t = 30 s W

Data from problem 11.65:
x0 = 48 ft
The at curve is just the slope of the vt curve.

0 < t < 10 s,
10 s < t < 18 s,
18 s < t < 30 s,
a=0!
a=
a=
18 6
= 1.5 ft/s 2 !
18 10
18 18
= 3 ft/s 2 !
30 18
30 s < t < 40 s,
a=0!
Points on the xt curve may be calculated using areas of the vt

!
curve.
A1 = (10)(6) = 60 ft
A2 =
1
(6 + 18)(18 10) = 96 ft
2
A3 =
1
(18)(24 18) = 54 ft
2
A4 =
1
(18)(30 24) = 54 ft
2
A5 = (18)(40 30) = 180 ft

x0 = 48 ft !
x10 = x0 + A1 = 12 ft !
x18 = x10 + A2 = 108 ft !
x24 = x18 + A3 = 162 ft !
x30 = x24 + A4 = 108 ft !
x40 = x30 + A5 = 72 ft !
continued
(a)
Total distance traveled during 0 t 30 s .

For 0 t 24 s
d1 = x24 x0 = 210 ft
For 24 s t 30 s
d 2 = x30 x24 = 54 ft
d = d1 + d 2
Total distance.
(b)
d = 264 ft !
Values of t for which x = 0.

0 t 10 s
In the range
x = x0 + v0t = 48 + 6t
Set x = 0.
48 + 6t1 = 0
t1 = 8 s !
In the range 30 s < t < 40 s,

x = x30 + v30 (t 30)
= 108 + (18)(t 30)
= 648 18t
Set x = 0.
648 18t2 = 0
t2 = 36 s !

Sketch v t curve as shown. Label areas A1, A2 , and A3
A1 = ( 3)( 20 ) = 60 in.
v = at1 = 2t1 in./s
A2 =
1
( v ) t1 = t12 in.
2
A3 = ( v )( 20 t1 ) = 2t1 ( 20 t1 ) in.
x = 12 ft = 144 in.
Distance traveled:
x = total area, 144 = 60 + t12 + 2t1 ( 20 t1 )

t12 40t1 + 84 = 0
or
t1 =
Reject the larger root.
40 402 ( 4 )(1)( 84 )
( 2 )(1)
= 2.224 s
and
37.8 s
t1 = 2.224 s
v = 2t1 = 4.45 in./s
vmax = 3 + v = 3 + 4.45
vmax = 7.45 in./s W
Let x be the altitude. Then v is negative for decent and a is positive

for deceleration.
Sketch the vt and xt curves using times t1, t2 and t3 as

shown.
Use constant slopes in the vt curve for the constant
acceleration stages.
Areas of vt curve:
A1 =
1
(180 + 44 ) t1 = 112t1 ft
2
A2 = 44t2
A3 =
1
( 44 ) t3 = 22t3
2
Changes in position:
x1 = 1800 1900 = 100 ft

x2 = 100 1800 = 1700 ft
x3 = 0 100 = 100 ft
Using xi = Ai gives
t1 =
100
= 0.893 s
112
t2 =
1700
= 38.64 s
44
t3 =
100
= 4.55 s
22
t1 + t2 + t3 = 44.1 s W
(a) Total time:

(b) Initial acceleration.
a=
v ( 44 ) ( 180 )
=
t
0.893
a = 152.3 ft/s 2 W

Sketch the vt curve
v0 = 64 km/h = 17.778 m/s
Data:
x2 = 4.8 km = 4.8 103 m

v1 = 32 km/hr = 8.889 m/s
x1 = 4.8 103 800 = 4.0 103 m
t2 = 450 s
(a)
Time t1 to travel first 4 km.

x1 = 4.0 103 = A1 =
(b)
1
1
( v0 + v1 ) t1 = (17.778 + 8.889 ) t1
2
2
t1 = 300 s W
Velocity v2.
x2 x1 = 800 = A2 =
1
1
( v1 + v2 )( t2 t1 ) = ( v1 + v2 )( 450 300 )
2
2
v2 + v1 = 10.667 m
v2 = 10.667 8.889
(c)
v2 = 1.778 m/s W
Final deceleration.
a12 =
v2 v1 1.778 8.889
=
= 0.0474 m/s 2
t2 t1
450 300
a12 = 0.0474 m/s 2 W

10 min 20 s =
10
20
+
= 0.1722 h
60 3600
Sketch the vt curve
A1 = 60t1
ta =
60
a
tb =
25
a
tc =
35
a
1
1
1
1
( 60 ) ( ta ) ( 25) tb = 60 t1 1800 312.5
2
2
a
a
A1 = 5 mi
But
60t1 2112.5
1
=5
a
A2 = 35 ( 0.1722 t1 ) 35tc = 6.0278 35t1 612.5

But
(1)
1
a
A2 = 8 5 = 3 mi
35t1 + 612.5
Solving equations (1) and (2) for t1 and
1
,
a
1
= 3.0278
a
(2)
t1 = 85.45 103 h = 5.13 min

1
= 60.23 106 h 2 /mi
a
(16.616 10 ) (5280)
3
a = 16.616 103 mi/h 2 =
( 3600 )
a = 6.77 ft/s 2 W

Sketch the at curve as shown
v0 = 20 ft/s, v1 = 6 ft/s
A1 = 6t1
A2 =
1
( 40 6 ) t1 = 17t1
2
v1 = v0 + A1 + A2
6 = 20 6t1 17t1
(a)
t1 = 0.6087 s
t1 = 0.609 s W
t2 = 1.4 s
t2 t1 = 0.7913 s
A1 + A3 = ( 6 )(1.4 ) = 8.4 ft/s

A2 = (17 )( 0.6087 ) = 10.348 ft/s
v2 = v0 + A1 + A3 + A2 = 20 8.4 10.348
(b)
x2 = x0 + v0t2 + ( A1 + A3 ) x13 + A2 x2
v2 = 1.252 ft/s W
by moment-area method
1
1
= 0 + v0t2 + ( A1 + A3 ) t2 + A2 t2 t1
2
3
0.6087
1
= 0 + ( 20 )(1.4 ) ( 8.4 ) (1.4 ) (10.348 ) 1.4

3
2
x2 = 9.73 ft W

1
5280
mile =
= 660 ft
8
8
Note that
Sketch vt curve for first 660 ft.

t1 = 4 s, t2 = 25 4 = 21 s
Runner A:
A1 =
1
( 4 )( v A )max = 2 ( vA )max
2
A2 = 21( v A )max
A1 + A2 = x =
5280 ft
= 660 ft
8
23 ( v A )max = 660
t1 = 5 s,
Runner B:
A1 =
or
( vA )max
= 28.696 ft/s
t2 = 25.2 5 = 20.2 s
1
( 5)( vB )max = 2.5 ( vB )max
2
A2 = 20.2 ( vB )max
A1 + A2 = x = 660 ft
22.7 ( vB )max = 660
t3 =
vmax
Runner A: ( vmax ) A = 28.696,
= 29.075 ft/s
v = a t3 = 0.3t3
Sketch vt curve for second 660 ft.

A3 = vmaxt3
( vB )max
or
1
vt3 = 660
2
or
( vmax )2 ( 4 )( 0.15)( 660 )

( 2 )( 0.15)
( t3 ) A = 164.57 s and
Reject the larger root. Then total time
(a)
0.15t32 vmaxt3 + 660 = 0
= 3.3333 vmax
( vmax )2 396
26.736 s
t A = 25 + 26.736 = 51.736 s
t A = 51.7 s W
Runner B: ( vmax ) B = 29.075,
( t3 ) B = 167.58 s
Reject the larger root. Then total time
and
26.257 s
t B = 25.2 + 26.257 = 51.457 s
t B = 51.5 s W
Velocity of A at t = 51.457 s:
v1 = 28.696 ( 0.3)( 51.457 25 ) = 20.759 ft/s
Velocity of A at t = 51.736 s:
v2 = 28.696 ( 0.3)( 51.736 25 ) = 20.675 ft/s
Over 51.457 s t 51.736 s, runner A covers a distance x

(b)
x = vave ( t ) =
1
( 20.759 + 20.675)( 51.736 51.457 )
2
x = 5.78 ft W

Sketch the vt curves.
At t = 12 min = 720 s,
xtruck = (19.44 )( 720 ) = 14000 m
xbus = 14000 + 1200 = 15200 m
xbus = area under vt curve
1
( t1 120 )( 27.78) + ( 720 t1 )( 27.78) = 15200
2
t1 = 225.8 s
(a)
When xbus = xtruck , areas under the vt curves are equal.

1
( 27.78)( t1 120 ) + 27.78 ( t2 t1 ) = 19.44t2
2
With t1 = 225.8 s,
t2 = 576 s W
xtruck = (19.44 )( 576 ) = 11200 m
(b)
abus =
v v0
27.78 0
=
t1 120 225.8 120
xtruck = 11.20 km W
abus = 0.262 m/s 2 W
( vA )0 = 32 km/h = 8.889 m/s

vB = 24 km/h = 6.667 m/s

A1 = ( 6.667 )( 45 ) = 300 m
1
1
( 2.222 )( 45) + vA/B ( 45)
2
2
= 50 + 22.5v A/B
A2 =
x A = ( x A )0 + A1 + A2
xB = ( xB )0 + A1
xB/ A = xB/ A
)0 A2
0 = 60 50 22.5v A/B
(b)
v A/B = 0.444 m/s W
v A = vB + v A/B = 6.667 + 0.444 = 7.111 m/s

(a)
aA =
v A ( v A )0
t
7.111 8.889
45
a A = 0.0395 m/s 2 W
( vA )0 = 22 mi/h = 32.267 ft/s

( vB )0 = 13 mi/h = 19.067 ft/s
Slope of vt curve for car A.
a=
13.2
= 0.14 ft/s 2
t1
13.2
= 94.29 s
0.14
1
A2 = (13.2 )( 94.29 ) = 622.3 m
2
t1 =
xB = ( xB )0 + A1
x A = ( x A )0 + A1 + A2
xB/ A = xB x A = ( xB )0 ( x A )0 A2 ,
d = A2
or
0 = d A2
d = 622 m W
Construct the at curves for the elevator and the ball.

Limit on A1 is 24 ft/s. Using A1 = 4t
4t2 = 24
t2 = 6 s
Motion of elevator.
( xE )0 = 0
For 0 t1 6 s,
( vE )0 = 0
Moment of A1 about t = t1 :
4t1
t1
= 2t12
2
xE = ( xE )0 + ( vE )0 t1 + 2t12 = 2t12
Motion of ball. At t = 2,
( xB )0 = 40 ft
( vB )0 = 64 ft/s
A2 = 32.2 ( t1 2 ) ft/s
For t1 > 2 s,
Moment of A2 about t = t2 :
2
t 2
32.2 ( t1 2 ) 1
= 16.1( t1 2 )
2
xB = ( xB )0 + ( vB )0 ( t1 2 ) 16.1( t1 2 )
= 40 + 64 ( t1 2 ) 16.1( t1 2 )
xB = x E
When ball hits elevator,
40 + 64 ( t1 2 ) 16.1( t1 2 ) = 2t12
or
18.1t12 128.4t1 + 152.4 = 0

t1 = 1.507 s
and
The smaller root is out of range, hence

Since this is less than 6 s, the solution is within range.
5.59 s
t1 = 5.59 s W
Let x be the position of the front end of the car relative to the front end of the truck.
Let
v=
dx
dt
and
a=
dv
.
dt
The motion of the car relative to the truck occurs in 3 phases, lasting t1, t2, and t3 seconds, respectively.
Phase 1, acceleration.
a1 = 2 m/s 2
Phase 2, constant speed.
v2 = 90 km/h 54 km/h
= 36 km/h = 10 m/s
Phase 3, deceleration.
a3 = 8 m/s 2
Time of phase 1.
t1 =
v2 0 10 0
=
=5s
a1
2
Time of phase 3.
t3 =
0 v2 0 10
=
= 1.25 s
a2
8
Sketch the at curve.

Areas:
A1 = t1v2 = 10 m/s
A3 = t3v = 10 m/s
Initial and final positions.

x0 = 30 16 = 46 m
x f = 30 + 5 = 35 m
Initial velocity. v0 = 0
Final time.
t f = t1 + t2 + t3
x f = x0 + v0t f +
t1 = t f
Ai ti
1
t1
2
= 5 + t2 + 1.25 2.5
= 3.75 + t2
t2 =
1
t3 = 0.625 s
2
35 = 46 + 0 + (10 )( 3.75 + t2 ) + ( 10 )( 0.625 )

t2 =
49.75
= 4.975 s
10
t f = t1 + t2 + t3 = 11.225 s
t f = 11.23 s W
Total time.
t1 + t2 = 9.975 s
Let x be the position of the front end of the car relative to the front end of the truck.
Let
v=
dx
dt
and
a=
dv
.
dt
The motion of the car relative to the truck occurs in two phases, lasting t1 and t2 seconds,
respectively.
Phase 1, acceleration.
a1 = 2 m/s 2
Phase 2, deceleration.
a2 = 8 m/s 2

Areas:
A1 = 2t1
A2 = 8t2
Initial and final positions

x0 = 30 16 = 46 m
x f = 30 + 5 = 35 m
Initial and final velocities.

v0 = v f = 0
v f = v0 + A1 + A2
0 = 0 + 2t1 8t2
t1 = 4t2
x f = x0 + v0t f +
t1 = t2 +
t2 =
1
t2
2
Ai ti
1
t1 = 3t2
2
1
35 = 46 + 0 + 2 ( 4t2 )( 3t2 ) + ( 8t2 ) t2
2
81 = 20 t22
t2 = 2.0125 s
t1 = 8.05 s
t f = t1 + t2 = 10.0625 s.
Maximum relative velocity.

vm = a1 t1 = ( 2 )( 8.05 ) = 16.10 m/s
vm = 60.0 km/h
Maximum velocity relative to ground.

vmax = vT + v = 54 + 60.0
vmax = 112.0 km/h !
Sketch acceleration curve.

j = jerk =
Let
da
dt
amax = j ( t )
Then,
A1 =
1
amax ( 2t ) = amax ( t )
2
= j ( t )
v f = v0 + A1 A2
0 = 0 + A1 A2
A2 = A1
x = v0 ( 4t ) + ( A1 )( 3t ) A2 ( t )
3
= 0 + 3 j ( t ) j ( t ) = 2 j ( t )
t =
x
=
2j
0.36
( 2 )(1.5)
4t = ( 4 )( 0.4932 ) = 1.973 s W
(a) Shortest time:

(b) Maximum velocity:
= 0.4932
vmax = v0 + A1 = 0 + j ( t )
= (1.5 )( 0.4932 ) = 0.365 m/s W
Average velocity:
vave =
0.36
x
=
= 0.1825 m/s W
4t 1.973
j ( t1 ) = amax
From the jerk limit,
A1 =
or
( t1 ) =
amax 1.25
=
= 5 s.
j
0.25
1
( 5)(1.25) = 3.125 m/s
2
vmax = 32 km/hr = 8.889 m/s = 2 A1 + A2

A2 = vmax 2 A1 = 8.889 ( 2 )( 3.125 ) = 2.639 m/s
t2 =
A2
2.639
=
= 2.111 s
amax
1.25
Total distance is 5 km = 5000 m. Use moment-area formula.

1
1
x f = x0 + v0t f + ( 2 A1 + A2 ) t f t1 t2 ( 2 A1 + A2 ) t1 + t2
2
2
= 0 + 0 + vmax t f 2t1 t2
(a) t f = 2t1 + t2 +
xf
vmax
= ( 2 )( 5 ) + 2.111 +
5000
= 10 + 2.111 + 562.5 = 575 s
8.889
t f = 9.58 min W
(b) vave =
xf
tf
5000
= 8.70 m/s
575
vave = 31.3 km/h W
Indicate areas A1 and A2 on the a t curve.

A1 =
1
T
( 0.6 ) = 0.1T m/s
2
3
A2 =
1
2T
( 0.6 ) = 0.2T m/s
2
3
By moment-area formula,
7
4
x = v0t + ( A1 ) T + A2 T
9
9
7 2
8 2 15 2 1 2
40 = 0 +
T +
T =
T = T
90
90
90
6
T 2 = ( 40 )( 6 ) = 240 s 2
T = 15.49 s W
(a)
vmax = v0 + A1 + A2 = 0 + 0.1T + 0.2T = 0.3T
vmax = 4.65 m/s W
(b)
Indicate area A3 and A4 on the a t curve.

A1 = 0.1T
A4 =
A3 =
1
T
( 0.6 ) = 0.05T
2
6
1
T
( 0.45) = 0.0375T
2
6
v = v0 + A1 + A3 + A4 = 0.1875T
(c)
v = 2.90 m/s W
x = v0
T
T 2T
2 T
1 T
+ A1
+ A3 + A4
2
9
2
3 6
3 6
T
5T
T
2
= 0 + ( 0.1T )
+ ( 0.05T ) + ( 0.0375T ) = 0.035417T
18
18
9
= ( 0.035417 )(15.49 )
x = 8.50 m W
Divide the area of the at curve into the four areas

A1, A2 , A3 and A4.
2
( 3)( 0.2 ) = 0.4 m/s
3
A2 = ( 5 )( 0.2 ) = 1 m/s
A1 =
1
( 5 + 2.5)( 0.1) = 0.375 m/s
2
1
A4 = ( 2.5 )( 0.1) = 0.125 m/s
2
A3 =
(a) Velocities: v0 = 0
v0.2 = v0 + A1 + A2
v0.2 = 1.400 m/s W
v0.3 = v0.2 + A3
v0.3 = 1.775 m/s W
v0.4 = v0.3 + A4
v0.4 = 1.900 m/s W
Sketch the v t curve and divide its area into A5 , A6 , and A7 as

shown.
0.3
0.4
x dx = 0.3 x = t vdt
A5 =
At t = 0.2 s,
With A5 + A6 =
and
0.4
x = 0.3 t vdt
x0.3 = 0.3 A5 (1.775 )( 0.1)
At t = 0.3 s,
(b) With
or
2
( 0.125)( 0.1) = 0.00833 m
3
x0.3 = 0.1142 m W
x0.2 = 0.3 ( A5 + A6 ) A7
2
( 0.5)( 0.2 ) = 0.06667 m
3
A7 = (1.400 )( 0.2 ) = 0.28 m
x0.2 = 0.3 0.06667 0.28
x0.2 = 0.0467 m W
Approximate the at curve by a series of rectangles of height ai , each with its centroid at t = ti . When equal
widths of t = 0.25 s are used, the values of ti and ai are those shown in the first two columns of the table
below.
2 ti
ai ( 2 ti )
( ft/s )
(s)
( ft/s )
0.125
3.215
1.875
6.028
0.375
1.915
1.625
3.112
0.625
1.125
1.375
1.547
0.875
0.675
1.125
0.759
1.125
0.390
0.875
0.341
1.375
0.205
0.625
0.128
1.625
0.095
0.375
0.036
1.875
0.030
0.125
0.004
ti
ai
(s )
7.650 ft/s
At t = 2 s,
v = v0 +
11.955 ( ft/s )
0 adt v0 + ai ( t )
v0 + ( ai ) ( t )
0 v0 ( 7.650 )( 0.25 )
(a)
v0 = 1.913 ft/s W
Using moment-area formula,

x = x0 + v0t + 0 ai ( t ti ) dt x0 + v0t + ai ( 2 ti ) ( t )
2
x0 + v0t + ( ai ( 2 ti ) ) ( t )
(b)
0 + (1.913)( 2 ) (11.955 )( 0.25 )
x = 0.836 ft W
Approximate the at curve by a series of rectangles of height ai , each with its centroid at t = ti . When equal
widths of t = 2 s are used, the values of ti and ai are those shown in the first two columns of table below.
20 ti
ai ( 20 ti )
( ft/s )
(s)
( ft/s )
17.58
19
334.0
13.41
17
228.0
10.14
15
152.1
7.74
13
100.6
6.18
11
68.0
11
5.13
46.2
13
4.26
29.8
15
3.69
18.5
17
3.30
9.9
19
3.00
3.0
ti
ai
(s )
990.1( ft/s )
(a) At t = 8 s,
v8 = v0 + 0 adt 0 + ai ( t )
= ( ai ) ( t )
Since t = 8 s, only the first four values in the second column are summed:
ai = 17.58 + 13.41 + 10.14 + 7.74 = 48.87 ft/s 2
v8 = ( 48.87 )( 2 )
(b) At t = 20 s,
v8 = 97.7 ft/s W
20
x20 = vot + 0 a ( 20 t ) dt = 0 + ai ( 20 t )( t )
= ( 990.1)( 2 )
x20 = 1980 ft W
The given curve is approximated by a series of uniformly accelerated motions.
For uniformly accelerated motion,

v22 v12 = 2a ( x2 x1 )
or
x =
v22 v12
2a
v2 v1 = a ( t2 t1 )
or
t =
v2 v1
a
For the regions shown above,
x ( m )
t ( s )
20.67
0.667
25
17.19
0.625
25
20
11.5
9.78
0.435
20
10
13
11.54
0.769
10
14.5
3.45
62.63
0.690
3.186
Region
v1 ( m/s )
v2 ( m/s )
a m/s 2
32
30
30
t = ( t ) = 3.19 s W
(a)
(b) Assuming
x0 = 0,
x = x0 + ( x ) = 62.6 m W
Use a = v
dv
dv
= slope of the given curve.
noting that
dx
dx
Slope is calculated by drawing a tangent line at the required point, and using two points on this line to
dv v
=
.
determine x and v. Then,
dx x
(a) When x = 0.25,
v = 1.4 m/s
v = 1m/s
and
from the curve
x = 0.25m from the tangent line
dv
1
=
= 4 s 1
dx 2.5
(b) When v = 2.0 m/s,
a = (1.4 )( 4 )
x = 0.5 m
v = 1 m/s
and
dv
1
=
= 1.667s1,
dx 0.6
a = 5.6 m/s 2 W
from the curve.
x = 0.6 m from the tangent line.

a = ( 2 )(1.667 )
a = 3.33 m/s 2 W
The at curve for uniformly accelerated motion is shown. The area of the rectangle is
A = at.
Its centroid lies at
t =
1
t.
2
1
x = x0 + v0 + A ( t t ) = x0 + v0t + ( at ) t
2
= x0 + v0t +
1 2
at
2
A1 = ( 2 )( 6 ) = 12 m/s
From the at curve,
A2 = ( 2 )( 2 ) = 4 m/s
Over 6 s < t < 10 s,
v = 4 m/s
v = v0 + A1,
or
4 = v0 12,
or
v0 = 8 m/s
x12 = x0 + v0t + moment of shaded area about t = 12s
x12 = 0 + ( 8 )(12 ) + ( 12 )(12 3) + ( 4 )(12 11)
x12 = 8 m W
(a) T = 0.2s.
A1 =
2
( 24 )( 0.2 ) = 3.2 ft/s
3
A2 = ( 24 )( t1 0.2 )
= 24t1 + 4.8
v f = v0 + A
0 = 90 3.2 24t1 + 4.8

t1 = 3.8167 s
A2 = 86.80 ft/s
t1 T = 3.6167 s
x1 = x0 + v0t1 + moment of area
3.6167
x1 = 0 + ( 90 )( 3.8167 ) + ( 3.2 ) ( 0.2 ) + 3.6167 + ( 86.80 )
2
8
x1 = 174.7 ft W
(b) T = 0.8 s.
A1 =
2
( 24 )( 0.8) = 12.8 ft/s,
3
A2 = ( 24 )( t1 0.8 ) = 24t1 + 19.2

v f = v0 + A
or
0 = 90 12.8 24t1 + 19.2,
t1 T = 3.2167s
t1 = 4.0167 s
A2 = 77.2 ft/s
3
3.2167
x1 = 0 + ( 90 )( 4.0167 ) + ( 12.8 ) ( 0.8 ) + 3.2167 + ( 77.2 )
x1 = 192.3 ft W
Data from Prob. 65

x0 = 48 ft, v0 = 6 ft/s
The a t curve is just the slope of the v t curve.

0 < t < 10 s,
10 s < t < 18 s,
18 s < t < 30 s,
30 s < t < 40 s
a=0!
18 6
= 1.5 ft/s !
18 10
18 18
a=
= 3 ft/s !
30 18
a=0 !
a=
x = x0 + v0t + Ai ti
(a) Position when t = 20 s.

A1 = (18 10 )(1.5 ) = 12 ft/s
t1 = 20 14 = 6s
A2 = ( 2 )( 3) = 6 ft/s
t2 = 20 19 = 1 s
x20 = 48 + ( 6 )( 20 ) + (12 )( 6 ) + ( 6 )(1)
x20 = 138 ft !
(b) Maximum value of position coordinate.
x is maximum where v = 0.
From velocity diagram, tm = 24 s
A1 = (18 10 )(1.5 ) = 12 ft/s
t1 = ( 24 14 ) = 10 s
A2 = ( 24 18 )( 3) = 18 ft/s
t2 = ( 24 21) = 3 s
xm = 48 + ( 6 )( 24 ) + (12 )(10 ) + ( 18 )( 3)
xm = 162 ft !
x = ( t + 1)
y = 4 ( t + 1)
2
3
vx = x& = 2 ( t + 1)
v y = y& = 8 ( t + 1)
ax = v&x = 2
a y = v& y = 24 ( t + 1)
Solve for (t + 1)2 from expression for x.

Substitute into expression for y.
y=
(t + 1)2 = x
4
x
xy = 4
Then,
This is the equation of a rectangular hyperbola.

(a) t = 0.
vx = 2 m/s,
v=
v y = 8 m/s
( 2 ) 2 + ( 8 )2
= 8.25 m/s
8
= 76.0
2
= tan 1
ax = 2 m/s 2 ,
a=
v = 8.25 m/s
76.0 W
a = 24.1 m/s 2
85.2W
v = 3.82 m/s
38.3 W
a y = 24 m/s 2
( 2 )2 + ( 24 )2
= 24.1 m/s 2
24
= tan 1 = 85.2
2
(b) t =
1
s.
2
vx = 3 m/s,
v=
v y = 2.37 m/s
( 3)2 + (2.37)2
= 3.82 m/s
2.37
= 38.3
3
= tan 1
ax = 2 m/s,
a y = 4.74 m/s 2
a = 22 + 4.742 = 5.15 m/s 2

4.74
= tan 1
= 67.2
2
a = 5.15 m/s 2
67.2W
u = t t 2 9t + 18 = t 3 9t 2 + 18t
Let
du
d 2u
= 3t 2 18t + 18,
and
= 6t 18
dt
dt 2
x = 6 0.8u m
y = 4 + 0.6u m
Then,
dx
du
= 0.8
dt
dt
dy
=
dx
dy
dt
dx
dt
dy
du
= + 0.6
dx
dt
Since
dy
does not change, the path is straight.
dx
(a)
At t = 2 s,
0.6
= 0.75 = constant
0.8
du
d 2u
= 6,
and
= 6.
dt
dt 2
dx
vx =
= ( 0.8)( 6 ) = 4.8 m/s,
dt
ax =
vy =
d 2x
= ( 0.8 )( 6 ) = 4.8 m/s 2 ,
dt 2
dy
= ( 0.6 )( 6 ) = 3.6 m/s
dt
a y = ( 0.6 )( 6 ) = 3.6 m/s 2

v = 6.0 m/s
(b)
At t = 3 s,
du
= 9,
dt
36.9, a = 6.0 m/s 2
and
d u
=0
dt 2
vx = ( 0.8 )( 9 ) = 7.2 m/s,
v y = ( 0.6 )( 9 ) = 5.4 m/s
ax = 0,
ay = 0
v = 9.0 m/s
(c)
At t = 4 s,
du
= 6,
dt
36.9 W
and
36.9, a = 0 W
d 2u
=6
dt 2
vx = ( 0.8 )( 6 ) = 4.8 m/s,
v y = ( 0.6 )( 6 ) = 3.6 m/s
ax = ( 0.8 )( 6 ) = 4.8 m/s 2 ,
a y = ( 0.6 )( 6 ) = 3.6 m/s 2
v = 6.0 m/s
36.9, a = 6.0 m/s 2 36.9
Substitute the given expressions for x and y into the given equation of the ellipse, and note that the equation is
satisfied.
16 cos 2 t 16 cos t + 4
9sin 2 t
x2
y2
+
=
+
2
2
4
3
4 ( 2 cos t )
3 ( 2 cos t )
=
4 cos 2 t 4 cos t + 1 + 3sin 2 t
( 2 cos t )2
4 4 cos t + cos 2 t
( 2 cos t )2
=1
Calculate x& and y& by differentiation.
(a) When t = 0 s,
x& =
( 4cos t 2 )( sin t ) = 6 sin t

4 sin t
( 2 cos t )
( 2 cos t )2
( 2 cos t )2
y& =
3sin t ( sin t ) 3 ( 2cos t 1)

3 cos t
=
( 2 cos t ) ( 2 cos t )2
( 2 cos t )2
x& = 0
6
1
(b) When t = s,
3
x& =
(c) When t = 1 s,
x& = 0
and
y& = 3 ,
( ) = 4
3
2
( 2 12 )
and
y& =
v = 9.42 m/s
3, y& = 0
3 ( 3)
( 3)2
= ,
v = 7.26 m/s
v = 3.14 m/s
W
W
Sketch the path of the particle, i.e. plot of y versus x.

Using x = 6t sin t , and y = 6 3cos t obtain the values in the table below. Plot as shown.
t ( s)
x (m)
y (m)
6.42
18.85
31.27
37.70
(a)
Differentiate with respect to t to obtain velocity components.

dx
dy
= 6 3cos t
and
= 3sin t
vx =
vy =
dt
dx
v 2 = vx2 + v 2y = ( 6 3cos t ) + 9sin 2 t = 45 36 cos t ( m/s )
2
d (v )
= 36sin t = 0
dt
When t = 0 or 2 ,
cos t = 1,
When t = ,
cos t = 1,
(v )
t = 0, , and 2 in the range 0 t 2 .
and
and
v 2 is minimum.
v 2 is maximum.
= 45 36 = 9 ( m/s ) ,
2
min
vmin = 3 m/s W
(v )
2
(b) t = 0,
x = 0,
y = 3 m,
max
= 45 + 36 = 81 ( m/s ) ,
vmax = 9 m/s W
vx = 3 m/s, v y = 0
t =0W
r = (3 m) j W
tan =
t = 2 s,
x = 12 m,
y = 3 m,
vy
vx
=0W
=0
vx = 3 m/s,
vy = 0
t = 2 s W
r = (12 m ) i + ( 3 m ) j W
tan =
t = s,
x = 6 m,
y = 9 m,
vy
=0W
vx
vx = 9 m/s,
vy = 0
t = sW
r = ( 6 m ) i + ( 9 m ) j W
tan =
vy
vx
= 0 W
Given:
r = A ( cos t + t sin t ) i + A ( sin t t cos t ) j

v=
a=
(a)
dr
= A ( sin t + sin t + t cos t ) i + A ( cos t cos t + t sin t ) j
dt
= A ( t cos t ) i + A ( t sin t ) j
dv
= A ( cos t t sin t ) i + A ( sin t + t cos t ) j
dt
When r and a are perpendicular, r a = 0

A ( cos t + t sin t ) i + ( sin t t cos t ) j A ( cos t t sin t ) i + ( sin t + t cos t ) j = 0
A2 ( cos t + t sin t )( cos t t sin t ) + ( sin t t cos t )( sin t + t cos t ) = 0
( cos
) (
t t 2 sin 2 t + sin 2 t t 2 cos 2 t = 0

1 t2 = 0
(b)
t = 1s W
When r and a are parallel, r a = 0

A ( cos t + t sin t ) i + ( sin t t cos t ) j A ( cos t t sin t ) i + ( sin t + t cos t ) j = 0
A2 ( cos t + t sin t )( sin t + t cos t ) ( sin t t cos t )( cos t t sin t ) k = 0
(sin t cos t + t sin
) (
t + t cos 2 t + t 2 sin t cos t sin t cos t t cos2 t t sin 2 t + t 2 sin t cos t = 0

2t = 0
t =0 W
r = 30 1
i + 20 e t/2 cos 2 t j
t + 1
Given:
Differentiating to obtain v and a,

v=
dr
1

= 30
+ 20 e t/2 cos 2 t 2 e t/2 sin 2 t j
2
dt
2
( t + 1)
i 20 e t/2 cos 2 t + 2sin 2 t j

2
( t + 1)
30
=
a=
dv
2
1
i 20 e t/2 cos 2 t + 2sin 2 t + e t/2 ( sin 2 t + 4 cos 2 t ) j

= 30
3
dt
2
( t + 1)
=
60
3
( t + 1)
(a) At t = 0,
i 10 2e t/2 ( 4sin 2 t 7.5cos 2 t ) j
r = 30 1 i + 20 (1) j
1
r = 20 in.
1
1
v = 30 i 20 (1) + 0 j
1
2

a=
(b)
At t = 1.5 s,
60
i 10 2 (1)( 0 7.5 ) j
1
v = 43.4 in./s
46.3 W
a = 743 in./s 2
85.4 W
r = 18.10 in.
6.0 W
0.25
r = 30 1
cos 3 j
i + 20e
2.5
= (18 in.) i + ( 1.8956 in.) j

v=
i 20 e 0.75 cos 3 + 0 j
2
30
( 2.5)
= ( 4.80 in./s ) i + ( 2.9778 in./s ) j
a=
60
3
( 2.5)
v = 5.65 in./s
31.8 W
a = 70.3 in./s2
86.9 W
i + 10 2e0.75 ( 0 7.5cos 3 ) j
) (
= 3.84 in./s 2 i + 70.1582 in./s 2 j
r = ( Rt cos nt ) i + ctj + ( Rt sin nt ) k
Given:
Differentiating to obtain v and a.
v=
a=
dr
= R ( cos nt nt sin nt ) i + cj + R ( sin nt + nt cos nt ) k
dt
dv
= R n sin nt n sin nt n 2t cos nt i + R n cos nt + n cos nt n 2t sin nt k
dt
) (
= R 2 n sin nt n 2t cos nt i + 2 n cos nt n 2t sin nt k
Magnitudes of v and a.
v 2 = vx 2 + v 2y + vz 2
2
= R ( cos nt nt sin nt ) + ( c ) + R ( sin nt + nt cos nt )
= R 2 cos 2 nt 2 nt sin nt cos nt + n2t 2 sin 2 nt + c 2

+ R 2 sin 2 nt + 2 nt sin nt cos nt + n2t 2 cos 2 nt
= R 2 1 + n2t 2 + c 2
v=
R 2 1 + n2t 2 + c 2 W
a 2 = ax2 + a 2y + az2
= R 2 2 n sin nt n2t cos nt
) + ( 2
2
n cos nt
2
n2t sin nt
= R 2 4 n2 sin 2 nt + 4 n3t sin nt cos nt + n4t 2 cos 2 nt + 4 n2 cos 2 nt

4 n3t sin nt cos nt + n4t 2 sin 2 nt
= R 2 4 n2 + n4t 2
a = R n 4 + n2t 2 W
r = ( At cos t ) i + A t 2 + 1 j + ( Bt sin t ) k
Given:
x = At cos t ,
cos t =
y = A t 2 + 1,
x
At
sin t =
2
z = Bt sin t
2
y
t2 = 1
A
z
Bt
2
x
z
cos 2 t + sin 2 t = 1 + = 1
At
At
2
For A = 3
y
x
z
A 1 = A + B

Then,
and
from which
or
x
y
t2 = +
A
B
y
x
z
A A B = 1!

r = ( 3t cos t ) i + 3 t 2 + 1 j + ( t sin t ) k
B = 1,

dr
t
v=
= 3 ( cos t t sin t ) i + 3
j + ( sin t + t cos t ) k
2
dt
t +1
dv
1
a=
= 3 ( 2sin t t cos t ) i + 3
j + ( 2cos t t sin t ) k
3
dt
t2 + 1 2
v = 3 (1 0 ) i + ( 0 ) j + ( 0 ) k
(a) At t = 0,
v = 3 ft/s !
a = 3 ( 0 ) i + 3 (1) j + ( 2 0 ) h
And
a 2 = ( 3) + ( 2 ) = 13
2
Then,
a = 3.61 ft/s 2 !
(b) If r and v are perpendicular, r v = 0
( 3t cos t ) 3 ( cos t t sin t ) +

or
(9t cos t 9t
2
(3 t + 1)
2
+ ( t sin t )( sin t + t cos t ) = 0

t2 + 1
3t
sin t cos t + ( 9t ) + t sin 2 t + t 2 sin t cos t = 0

continued
With t 0,
9cos 2 t 8t sin t cos t + 9 + sin 2 t = 0

10 8t sin t cos t + 8cos 2 t = 0
or
The smallest root is
The next root is
7 + 2cos 2t 2t sin 2t = 0
2t = 7.631 s
t = 4.38 s
t = 3.82 s !
y = x tan 30
(a) At the landing point,
x = x0 + ( vx )0 t = v0t
Horizontal motion:
( )0 t 12 gt 2 = 12 gt 2
Vertical motion:
y = y0 + v y
from which
t2 =
Rejecting the t = 0 solution gives
2y
2 x tan 30 2v0t tan 30
=
=
g
g
g
t =
d =
(b) Landing distance:
2v0 tan 30 ( 2 )( 25 ) tan 30

=
g
9.81
( 25)( 2.94 )
x
v0t
=
=
cos 30 cos 30
cos 30
t = 2.94 s W
d = 84.9 m W
h = x tan 30 + y
(c) Vertical distance:
h = v0t tan 30
or
1 2
gt
2
Differentiating and setting equal to zero,

dh
= v0 tan 30 gt = 0
dt
Then,
hmax =
or
t =
vo tan 30
g
( v0 )( v0 tan 30) tan 30 1 g v0 tan 30
v 2 tan 2 30 ( 25 ) ( tan 30 )
= 0
=
2g
( 2 )( 9.81)
hmax = 10.62 m W
Horizontal motion:
Vertical motion:
x = x0 + ( vx )0 t = v0t ,
( )0 t 12 gt 2 = y0 12 gt 2
y = y0 + v y
At ground level, y = 0,
At x = 50 m,
so that
( 9.81)( 50 )2
( 2 )( 30 )2
y0 =
y0 =
t =
or
or
x
v0
y = y0
gx 2
2v02
gx 2
2v02
= 13.625 m
h = y0 13 = 0.625 m
At x = 53 m,
y0 =
( 9.81)( 53)2
( 2 )( 30 )2
= 15.31 m
h = y0 13 = 2.31 m
Range to avoid:
0.625 m < h < 2.31 m W
Horizontal motion.
vx = v0
Vertical motion.
y=h
Eliminate t.
t=
Solve for v0.
v0 =
Data:
h = 3 ft,
( 32.2 )(15)2
( 2 )( 3 1)
To strike point D.
v0 =
x
v0
y=h
gx 2
2v02
gx 2
2(h y)
x = d = 15 ft, y = 0
( 32.2 )(15)2
( 2 )( 3 0 )
To strike point B.
v0 =
1 2
gt
2
g = 32.2 ft/s2
(a) To strike corner C.

v0 =
x = v0t
( 32.2 )(14 )2
( 2 )( 3 0 )
v0 = 34.7 ft/s W
x = 15 ft, y = 1 ft
v0 = 42.6 ft/s
x = 15 1 = 14 ft, y = 0
v0 = 32.4 ft/s
(b) Range to strike corner BCD.
32.4 ft/s < v0 < 42.6 ft/s W
Place origin of coordinates at point A.

Horizontal motion:
( vx )0 = 90 mi/h = 132 ft/s

x = x0 + ( vx )0 t = 0 + 132t ft
At point B where t B = 6.5 s,

xB = (132 )( 6.5 ) = 858 ft
(a)
Distance AB.
858
cos 10
From geometry
d =
Vertical motion:
y = y0 + v y
d = 871 ft W
( )0 t 12 gt 2
At point B
xB tan 10 = h + 0
1
( 32.2 )( 6.5)2
2
(b) Initial height.
h = 529 ft W
Data:
v0 = 25 ft/s, = 90 55 = 35, g = 32.2 ft/s 2
Horizontal motion.
x = ( v0 cos ) t
Vertical motion.
y = h + ( v0 sin ) t
Eliminate t.
t=
x
v0 cos
y = h + x tan
gx 2
2v02 cos 2
Solve for h.
h = y x tan +
To hit point B.
x = 20 ft, y = 0
h = 0 20 tan 35 +
To hit point C.
1 2
gt
2
gx 2
2v02 cos 2
( 32.2 )( 20 )2
( 2 )( 25cos 35)2
= 1.352 ft
x = 24 ft, y = 0
h = 0 24 tan 35 +
( 32.2 )( 24 )2
( 2 )( 25cos 35)2
= 5.31 ft
Range of values of h.
1.352 ft < h < 5.31 ft W
Place the origin at A. Let be the direction of the discharge velocity measured counterclockwise from the
x-axis
( vx )0 = v0 cos
Horizontal motion.
t =
Solve for t.
x = ( v0 cos ) t
x
v0 cos
( vy )0 = v0 sin
Vertical motion.
1 2
gt
2
y = ( v0 sin ) t
= x tan
gx 2
2v02 cos 2
y = x tan
Geometry. At points B and C
x tan = x tan
Hence,
gx 2
2v02 cos 2
2v02 cos 2
( tan tan )
g
Solve for x.
x=
To water point B.
= 90 0 = 90 40 = 50
xB
2
2 )( 24 ) cos 2 50
(
=
32.2
( tan 50 tan10) = 15.01 ft

d B = 15.01 ft W
= 90 + 0 = 90 + 40 = 130
To water point C.
xC
2
2 )( 24 ) cos 2 130
(
=
32.2
( tan130 tan10) = 20.2 ft

dC = xC = 20.2 ft W
v0 = 13 m/s, = 33, x0 = 0, y0 = 0.6 m

v y = v0 sin gt
Vertical motion:
y = y0 + ( v0 sin ) t
vy = 0
At maximum height,
t =
(a)
or
t =
1 2
gt
2
v0 sin
g
13sin 33
= 0.7217 s
9.81
ymax = 0.6 + (13sin 33 )( 0.7217 )
1
( 9.81)( 0.7217 )2
2
ymax = 3.16 m W
1.8 m < 3.16 m < 3.7 m

Horizontal motion:
At x = 15.2 m,
(b) Corresponding value of y :
x = x0 + ( v0 cos ) t
t =
or
yes W
t =
x x0
v0 cos
15.2 0
= 1.3941 s
13cos 33
y = 0.6 + (13sin 33 )(1.3941)
1
( 9.81)(1.3941)2
2
y = 0.937 m W
Velocities:
v A/B = v A v B = 1 m/s
Accelerations:
a A/B = a A a B = 0.25 m/s 2
(a)
aA =
aB =
v A2
A
vB2
=
=
v A2
100
( vA 1)
96
( v 1) = 0.25
v A2
A
100
96
2
a A/B =
v A2 50v A + 625 = 0
(b)
v A = 25
v A = 25 m/s !
vB = 25 1 = 24
vB = 24 m/s !
an =
v2
at = 0,
2
= an
vmax
2
vmax
= ( 25)( 3g ) = ( 25 )( 3)( 9.81) = 735.35 m 2 /s 2
vmax = 27.125 m/s
vmax = 97.6 km/h !
v2
( ac ) = c ,
nA
v2
( ac ) = c
nA
vc2 = A ( ac )n = B ( ac )n
A
B
B ( ac )n A 0.66
=
=
= 0.09706
A ( ac )
6.8
n
B = 0.09706 A = ( 0.09706 )( 60 ) = 5.8235 mm

d B = 2 B = 11.65 mm !
Initial speed.
v0 = 72 km/h = 20 m/s
Tangential acceleration.
at = 1.25 m/s 2
(a)
Total acceleration at t = 0.
an =
v0 2
( 20 )2
= 1.14286 m/s 2
350
( 1.25)2 + (1.14286 )2
a = at2 + an2 =
(b)
a = 1.694 m/s 2 !
Total acceleration at t = 4 s.
v = v0 + at t = 20 + ( 1.25 )( 4 ) = 15 m/s
an =
v2
(15)2
350
= 0.6426 m/s 2
a = at2 + an2 =
( 1.25)2 + ( 0.6426 )2
a = 1.406 m/s 2 !
Length of run.
L = D = 130 meters
Radius of circle.
(1)
1
D = 65m
2
Tangential acceleration of starting portion of run.

vm = at t1 = ( at ) ( 4 ) = 4 at m/s
s1 =
1
1
2
at t12 = ( at ) ( 4 ) = 8 at m
2
2
(2)
(3)
v = vm
Constant speed portion of run.
s = s1 + vm ( t t1 )
(4)
Substituting (1), (2) and (3) into (4)

130 = 8 at + 4 at ( 54 4 )
Solving for at .
From (2)
at =
130
= 1.9635 m/s 2
8 + 200
vm = ( 4 )(1.9635 ) = 7.854 m/s
Normal acceleration during constant speed portion of run.

an =
vm2
2
7.854 )
(
=
65
= 0.9490 m/s 2
Maximum total acceleration.

a = at2 + an2 =
(1.9635)2 + ( 0.9490 )2
a = 2.18 m/s 2 !
v = v0 + at t
For uniformly decelerated motion:

At t = 9 s,
0 = 150 at ( 9 ) ,
or
a 2 = at2 + an2
Total acceleration:
1/2
an = a 2 at2
Normal acceleration:
at = 16.667 ft/s 2
1/2
2
2
= (130 ) ( 16.667 )
an =
v2
where
5
v 2 = an = (128.93) = 53.72 ft 2 /s 2 ,
12
Time:
t=
= 128.93 ft/s 2
1
5
diameter =
ft
2
12
v = 7.329 ft/s
v v0 7.329 150
=
at
16.667
t = 8.56 s !
Speeds:
v0 = 0
Distance:
s=
v1 = 65 mi/h = 95.33 ft/s
( 450 ) + 300 = 1006.86 ft

v12 = v02 + 2at s
Tangential component of acceleration:

2
at =
At point B,
( 95.33) + 0 = 4.5133 ft/s2

v12 v02
=
2s
( 2 )(1006.86 )
vB2 = v02 + 2at sB
where
sB =
( 450 ) = 706.86 ft
vB2 = 0 + ( 2 )( 4.5133)( 706.86 ) = 6380.5 ft 2 /s 2

(a)
At t = 15 s,
vB = 79.88 ft/s
vB = 54.5 mi/h !
v = v0 + at t = 0 + ( 4.5133)(15 ) = 67.70 ft/s
= 450 ft
Since v < vB , the car is still on the curve.

v2
2
67.70 )
(
=
Normal component of acceleration:
an =
(b) Magnitude of total acceleration:
a = at2 + an2 =
450
= 10.185 ft/s 2
( 4.5133)2 + (10.185)2
a = 11.14 ft/s 2 !
v A = 420 km/h
(a)
v B = v A + v B/ A
v B = 520 km/h
60
v B/ A = v B v A = v B + ( v A )
or
Sketch the vector addition as shown.

vB2/ A = v A2 + vB2 2v AvB cos 60
2
= ( 420 ) + ( 520 ) ( 2 )( 420 )( 520 ) cos 60
vB/ A = 477.9 km/h
or
sin sin 60
=
520
477.9
= 70.4
or
v B/ A = 478 km/h
( aB )t
a A = 6 m/s 2
(b)
= 2 m/s 2
70.4 !
60
vB = 520 km/h = 144.44 m/s
( a B )n =
vB2
(144.44 )2
200
= 104.32 m/s 2
30
a B/ A = a B a A = ( a B )t + ( a B )n a A
= [2
60 ] + [ 104.32
30 ] [ 6
= 2 ( cos 60i + sin 60 j) + 104.32 ( cos 30i sin 30 j) 6i
) (
= 97.34 m/s 2 i 50.43 m/s2 j

aB/ A = 109.6 m/s 2
27.4 !
v A = 180 km/h = 50 m/s
(a)
30,
v B = 162 km/h = 45 m/s
45
v B/ A = v B v A = 45 ( cos 45i sin 45 j) 50 ( cos120i + sin120 j)

= 56.82i 75.12 j = 94.2 m/s
52.9
vB/ A = 339 km/h
( a A )t
(b)
= 8 m/s 2
( a A )n =
( a B )n
v A2
A
vB2
2
50 )
(
=
400
( a B )t
= 3 m/s 2
= 6.25 m/s 2
30
60,
( 45)2
300
= 6.75 m/s 2
52.9 !
45
45
a B/ A = a B a A = ( a B )t + ( a B )n ( a A )t ( a A )n
= 3 ( cos 45i sin 45 j) + 6.75 ( cos 45i + sin 45 j)
8 ( cos 60i sin 60 j) 6.25 ( cos 30i sin 30 j)
) (
= 8.31 m/s 2 i + 12.07 m/s 2 j

or
a B/ A = 15.18 m/s 2
56.8 !
(a)
As water leaves nozzle.

v = 8 m/s
an = g sin 55 = 9.81 sin 55 = 8.04 m/s 2
an =
v2
v 2 (8)
=
=
an 8.04
(b)
= 7.96 m !
At maximum height of stream.

v = ( vx )0 = 8 sin 55 = 6.55 m/s
an = g = 9.81 m/s 2
an =
v2
v 2 ( 6.55 )
=
an
9.81
= 4.38 m !
Horizontal motion.
vx = v0 cos
x = v0 t cos
Vertical motion.
v y = v0 sin gt
y = y0 + v0 t sin
y = y0 + x tan
Eliminate t.
1 2
gt
2
gx 2
2 v02 cos 2
(1)
Solving (1) for v0 and applying result at point B

v0 =
gx 2
=
2 ( y0 + x tan y ) cos 2
( 2 )(1.5 + 6 tan 3 0.97 ) ( cos 2 3 )

v0 = 14.48 m/s !
(a)
Magnitude of initial velocity.
(b)
Minimum radius of curvature of trajectory.

an = g =
( 9.81)( 6 )2
v2
v2
v2
=
an g cos
(2)
where is the slope angle of the trajectory.

The minimum value of occurs at the highest point of the trajectory where cos = 1
and v = vx = v0 cos
Then
2
min
2
v 2 cos 2 (14.48 ) cos 3
= 0
=
9.81
g
min = 21.3 m !
(a)
v = v0 = 120 ft/s
At point A,
aA = g
v = 120 ft/s
60
= 32.2 ft/s 2
( a A )n = g sin 30 =
v A2
A
2
A =
(b)
(120 )
v A2
=
g sin 30 32.2sin 30
A = 894 ft !
At the point where velocity is parallel to incline,

vx = v0 sin 30 = 120 sin 30 = 60 ft/s
v y = vx tan 30 = 60 tan 30 = 34.64 ft/s
v=
( 60 )2 + ( 34.64 )2
an = g sin 60 =
= 69.282 ft/s
vB2
B
2
( 69.282 )
vB2
B =
=
g sin 60 32.2sin 60
B = 172.1 ft !
Compute x- and y-components of velocity and acceleration.

x=
&&
x=
y =
&&
y=
(a) t = 0,
t=
1
,
3
2
,
3
v = y& =
( 2 cos t )
an = &&
x=
( 2 cos t )2
( 2 cos t )3
3
,
2
v 2 (1.5 )
=
an
3 2
2
,
3
x& =
2 2
,
3
x& = 0,
&&
x = 3 2 ,
y& = 1.5 ,
x& = 0,
y = 0,
1.5 ( 2cos t 1)
3 ( 2cos t 1)( sin t )
an = &&
x = 3 2 ,
an = &&
y=
( 2 cos t )3
y = 0,
y=
( 2 cos t )2
6 sin t ( sin t )
y& =
3 2 sin t
x = 1,
t = 1,
1.5sin t
,
2 cos t
x = 0,
v = x& =
(c)
( 2 cos t )
3 sin t
x& =
3 2 cos t
x = 1,
v = &&
y = 1.5 ,
(b)
2cos t 1
,
2 cos t
= 0.75 ft !
y& = 0,
&&
y=
v 2 4 2 3
=
an
3.2 2
y& =
&&
x=
v2 2 3
=
an
4 2
2 2
,
3
= 1.155 ft !
2
3
= 0.75 ft !
Given:
x=
( t 4 )3
6
+ t2 m
y=
t 3 ( t 1)
m
6
4
Differentiating twice
vx
2
2)
(
= x& =
x& =
( t 4 )2
2
+ ( 2 )( 2 ) = 6 m/s
t 2 ( t 1)
m/s
2
2
1
&&
y = t m/s 2
2
+ 2t m/s
y& =
&&
x = t 4 + 2 = t 2 m/s 2
At
t = 2 s.
vy
2
2)
(
= y& =
(1) = 1.5 m/s
2
2
ax = &&
x=22=0
a y = &&
y=2
(a)
Acceleration.
(b)
Radius of curvature of path.
1
= 1.5 m/s 2
2
a = 1.5 m/s 2 j !
tan =
vy
vx
1.5
6
= 14.036
v 2 = vx2 + v 2y = 62 + 1.52
= 38.25 m 2 /s 2
an = a cos = 1.5 cos14.036
= 1.45522 m/s 2
an =
v2
v2
38.25
=
an 1.45522
= 26.3 m !
vx = v A
( vB ) x = v A
At point B
vB =
( vB ) x
cos
cos =
vA
cos
vA
vB
an = aB cos = g cos
=g
B =
vA
vB
vB2 vB2 vB
=
an
gv A
B =
vB3
!
gv A
Let be the slope angle of the trajectory at an arbitrary point C.
( aC )n = gcos
Then,
vC2
C =
or
vC2
gcos
But, the horizontal component of velocity is constant, ( vC ) x = ( v A ) x

where
( vA ) x = v0 cos
Then,
v0 cos = vC cos
vC =
or
so that
(a)
( vC ) x = vC cos
cos
v0
cos
1
C =
gcos
cos
v 2 cos 2
v0 = 0 3
gcos
cos
Since v0 , , and g are constants, C is a minimum at point B where cos is a maximum or = 0.
min = B =
Then,
C =
(b)
1
cos3
v02 cos 2
g
Q.E.D. !
min
cos3
Q.E.D. !
v02 cos 2
or
C =
Let be the slope angle of the trajectory at an arbitrary point C.
( aC )n = g cos
Then,
vC2
C =
or
vC2
gcos
But the horizontal component of velocity is constant, ( vC ) x = ( v A ) x
( vA ) x = ( vC ) x
x = ( v0 ) x t = ( v0 cos ) t
( vA ) x = v0 cos
where
and
t=
or
x
v0 cos
(1)
( vC ) x = v0 cos
v0 cos = vC cos
Then,
C =
so that
vC3
gv0 cos
(2)
The vertical motion is uniformly accelerated
( vC ) y = ( v0 ) y gt = v0 sin
But
vC2
=(
2
v0 x
+(
2
v0 y
gx
v0 cos
= ( v0 cos )
(3)
x
+ v0 sin g
v0 cos
2 gx tan
g 2 x2
= v02 1
+
v02
v04 cos 2
or
vC3
v03 1
2 gx tan
g 2 x2
v0 2
v04 cos 2
3/2
(4)
Finally, substituting (4) into (2) gives

v02
2 gx tan
g 2 x2
+
=
1
g cos
v02
v04 cos 2
3/2
r = ( Rt cos nt ) i + ctj + ( Rt sin nt ) k
Given:

dr
v=
dt
dv
a=
= R n sin nt n sin nt n2t cos nt i + R n cos nt + n cos nt n2t sin nt k
dt
= R 2 n sin nt n2t cos nt i + 2 n cos nt n2t sin nt k
Magnitudes of v and a.
v 2 = vx2 + v 2y + vz2
2
= R ( cos nt nt sin nt ) + ( c ) + R ( sin nt + nt cos nt )
= R 2 cos 2 nt 2nt sin nt cos nt + n2t 2 sin 2 nt + c 2

+ R 2 sin 2 nt + 2nt sin nt cos nt + n2t 2 cos 2 nt
= R 2 1 + n2t 2 + c 2
v=
or
n cos nt
2
n2t sin nt
R 2 1 + n2t 2 + c 2
a 2 = ax2 + a 2y + az2
= R 2 2n sin nt n2t cos nt
) + ( 2
2
= R 2 4n2 sin 2 nt + 4n3t sin nt cos nt + n4t 2 cos 2 nt

+ 4n2 cos 2 nt 4n3t sin nt cos nt + n4t 2 sin 2 nt
= R 2 4n2 + n4t 2
at =
Tangential component of acceleration:

At t = 0,
v2 = R2 + c2 ,
a = 2 R n ,
or
dv
R 2 n 2t
=
1/2
dt 2
R 1 + n2t 2 + c 2
at = 0
an = a 2 at2 = 2R n
Normal component of acceleration:

But
a = Rn 4 + n2t 2
or
an =
v2
v2
an
R2 + c2
!
2 R n
With A = 3
and B = 1,
the position vector is
r = ( 3t cos t ) i + 3 t 2 + 1 j + ( t sin t ) k
v=
3t
dr
= 3 ( cos t t sin t ) i +
t2 + 1
dt
t
t2 + 1 t
t2 + 1
dv
j
a=
= 3 ( sin t sin t t cos t ) i + 3
dt
t2 + 1
+ ( cos t + cos t t sin t ) k

= 3 ( 2sin t + t cos t ) i +
(t
+1
3/2
j + ( 2cos t t sin t ) k
Magnitude of v 2.
2
v 2 = vx2 + v 2y + vz2 = 9 ( cos t t sin t ) +
9t 2
2
+ ( sin t + t cos t )
2
t +1
Differentiating,
2v
dv
18t
= 18 ( cos t t sin t )( 2sin t t cos t ) +
dt
1 + t2
+ 2 ( sin t + t cos t )( 2cos t t sin t )
When t = 0,
a = 3j + 2k ,
v 2 = 9,
2v
dv
=0
dt
a 2 = 32 + 22 = 13
at =
Tangential acceleration:
an 2 = a 2 at 2 = 13
Normal acceleration:
But
dv
=0
dt
an =
v2
or
v2
=
an
or
9
13
an = 13
= 2.50 ft !
For the sun,
g = 274 m/s 2 ,
and
R=
Given that an =
1
1
D = 1.39 109 = 0.695 109 m
2
2
gR 2
v2
and
that
for
a
circular
orbit
a
=
n
r
r2
gR 2
v2
Eliminating an and solving for r,
r=
For the planet Earth,
v = 107 106 m/h = 29.72 103 m/s
Then,
( 274 ) ( 0.695 109 )

r=
( 29.72 )2
= 149.8 109 m
r = 149.8 Gm !
For the sun,
g = 274 m/s 2
and
R=
Given that an =
1
1
D = 1.39 109 = 0.695 109 m
2
2
gR 2
v2
and
that
for
a
circular
orbit:
a
=
n
r
r2
gR 2
v2
Eliminating an and solving for r,
r=
For the planet Saturn,
v = 34.7 106 m/h = 9.639 103 m/s
Then,
( 274 ) ( 0.695 109 )

r=
( 9.639 )2
= 1.425 1012 m
r = 1425 Gm !
From Problems 11.155 and 11.156,
an =
gR 2
r2
For a circular orbit,
an =
v2
r
Eliminating an and solving for v,

For Venus,
v= R
g
r
g = 29.20 ft/s 2
R = 3761 mi = 19.858 106 ft.
r = 3761 + 100 = 3861 mi = 20.386 106 ft
Then,
v = 19.858 106
29.20
= 23.766 103 ft/s
20.386 106
v = 16200 mi/h !
an =
gR 2
r2
an =
v2
r

For Mars,
v=R
g
r
g = 12.24 ft/s 2
R = 2070 mi = 10.930 106 ft
r = 2070 + 100 = 2170 mi = 11.458 103 ft
Then,
v = 10.930 106
12.24
= 11.297 103 ft/s
11.458 106
v = 7700 mi/h !
an =
gR 2
r2
an =
v2
r
v= R

For Jupiter,
g
r
g = 75.35 ft/s 2
R = 44432 mi = 234.60 106 ft
r = 44432 + 100 = 44532 mi = 235.13 106 ft
Then,
v = 234.60 106
75.35
= 132.8 103 ft/s
235.13 106
v = 90600 mi/h !
Radius of Earth
R = ( 3960 mi )( 5280 ft/mi ) = 20.908 106 ft
Radius of orbit
r = ( 3960 + 10900 )( 5280 ) = 78.4608 106 ft

gR 2
r2
Normal acceleration
an =
Thus,
v 2 gR 2
= 2
r
r
v2 =
and
an =
v2
r
or
v2 =
gR 2
r
( 32.2 ) ( 20.908 106 )

78.4608 106
= 179.40 106 ft 2 /s 2
v = 13.3941 103 ft/s

Time T for one orbit.
vT = 2 r
6
2 r 2 78.4608 10
T =
=
= 36.806 103 s
v
13.3941 103
T = 10.22 h !
gR 2
r2
Normal acceleration.
an =
Solve for v2.
v 2 = ran =
Data:
g = 9.81 m/s 2 ,
and
an =
v2
v2
r
gR 2
r
R = 6370 km = 6.370 106 m
r = 384 103 km = 384 106 m

v2 =
( 9.81) ( 6.370 106 )

384 106
= 1.0366 106 m 2 /s 2
v = 1.018 m/s
v = 3670 km/h !
From Problems 155 through 156,
an =
gR 2
r2
an =
v2
r
v=R
For one orbit the distance traveled is 2 r; hence, the time is
t=
t=
2 r 3 2
Rg1 2
tA =
2 rA3 2
Rg1 2
or
For satellites A and B,
g
r
2 r
v
2 rB 3 2
Rg1 2
tB =
and
Let n = number of orbits of B. For the next alignment,
( n + 1) t A = nt B
1 rB
=
n rA
Data:
or
n + 1 t B rB
=
=
n
t A rA
32
32
R = 6370 km = 6.370 103 m

rA = 6370 + 190 = 6560 km = 6.560 103 m
rB = 6370 + 320 = 6690 km = 6.690 103 m
Then,
1 6.690 103
=
n 6.560 103
3/2
1 = 0.02987
or
n = 33.475
continued
Time for orbit of satellite B is

tB =
2 6.690 106
32
6.370 106 ( 9.81)
12
= 5.449 103 s = 1.5137 h
Time for next alignment is

nt B = ( 33.475 )(1.5137 )
nt B = 50.7 h !
Differentiate the expressions for r and with respect to time.

r = 1 + 2t 6t 2 + 8t 3
r& = 2 12t + 24t 2
&&
r = 12 + 48t
= 0.5e0.8t sin 3 t
& = 0.4e0.8t sin 3 t + 1.5 e0.8t cos 3 t
&& = 0.32e0.8t sin 3 t 1.2 e0.8t cos 3 t
1.2 e 0.8t cos 3 t 4.5 2e0.8t sin 3 t
At t = 0.5 s,
r = 1.5 ft,
e 0.8t = 0.67032,
= 0.33516 rad,
r& = 2.00 ft/s,
&&
r = 12 ft/s 2 ,
sin 3 t = 1,
cos 3 t = 0
& = 0.26812 rad/s, && = 29.56 rad/s2
(a) Velocity of the collar.
v = ( 2.00 ft/s ) er + ( 0.402 ft/s ) e !
v = r&e r + r&e
vr = 2 ft/s,
v = 0.402 ft/s !
(b) Acceleration of the collar.
a = &&
r r& 2 er + r&& + 2r&& e = ar er + a e
ar = 12 (1.5 )( 0.26812 )
ar = 11.89 ft/s 2 !
a = (1.5 )( 29.56 ) + ( 2 )( 2 )( 0.26812 )
a = 45.41 ft/s 2 !
a = 11.89 ft/s 2 er + 45.41 ft/s 2 e !

(c)
Acceleration of the collar relative to the rod.
&&
rer = 12 ft/s 2 er !
r=
10
mm,
t+6
4
r& =
r=
(t + 6)
mm/s,
& = 4cos t rad/s
sin t rad,
At t = 1 s,
10
10
mm;
7
= 0,
r& =
10
mm/s,
49
& = 4 rad/s,
&&
r=
20
( t + 6 )3
mm/s 2
&& = 4 sin t rad/s 2

&&
r=
20
mm/s 2
343
&& = 0
(a) Velocity of the collar.

vr = r& = 0.204 mm/s,
v = r& = 5.71 mm/s
v B = ( 0.204 mm/s ) er ( 5.71 mm/s ) e !
(b) Acceleration of the collar.

ar = &&
r r& 2 =
20 10
2
( 4 ) = 22.8 mm/s 2
343 7
10
10
a = r&& + 2r&& = ( 0 ) + ( 2 ) ( 4 ) = 1.633 mm/s 2
7
49
a B = 22.8 mm/s 2 er + 1.633 mm/s 2 e !
(c)
Acceleration of the collar relative to the rod.

a B/OA = &&
rer =
20
er
343
a B/OA = 0.0583 mm/s 2 er !
Given
r = 2 B cos ( At/2B )
= At/2B
r& = A sin ( At/2B )
& = A/2 B
Differentiating twice
&&
r = A2 /2 B cos ( At/2B )
&& = 0
Components and magnitude of velocity.

vr = r& = A sin ( At/2B ) = A sin
v = r& = 2 B cos ( At/2B ) ( A/2 B ) = A cos
v = vr2 + v2 =
(a)
A2 sin 2 + A2 cos 2 = A
v=A!
Components and magnitude of acceleration.
ar = &&
r r& 2 = A2 /2B cos ( At/2 ) + 2 B cos ( At/2 B ) [ A/2 B ]
= A2 /B cos
a = r&& + 2r&& = 0 + (2) A sin ( At/2 B ) ( A/2B )
= A2 /B sin
a = ar2 + a2 =
( A /B ) cos + ( A /B ) sin
4
= A2 /B
a = A2 /B !
From the figure a is perpendicular to v
an = a = A2 /B
Thus,
an =
(b)
v2
=
=
v2
an
A2
( A /B )
2
=B
Since is constant, the path is a circle of radius B.
=B!
r = b ( 2 + cos t ) ,
r& = b sin t ,
&&
r = 2b cos t
= t,
& = ,
&& = 0
(a) At t = 2 s,
sin t = 0,
cos t = 1
r& = 0,
&&
r = 2b,
r = 3b,
= 2 rad,
& = rad/s
v = r& = 3 b,
vr = r& = 0 ,
v = 3 be W
ar = &&
r r& 2 = 2b ( 3b ) 2 = 4 2b
a = r&& + 2r&& = 0,
a = 4 2be r W
(b) Values of for which v is maximum.

vr = r& = b sin t
v = r& = b ( 2 + cos t )
2
v 2 = vr2 + v 2 = 2b2 sin 2 t + ( 2 + cos t )
= 2b 2 sin 2 t + 4 + 4cos t + cos 2 t

= 2b 2 ( 5 + 4cos t )
v 2 is maximum when
But
cos t = 1
= t,
or
t = 0,
2 ,
4 ,
hence
6 , etc
= 2N , N = 0, 1, 2, K W
r = 6t 1 + 4t 2 ,
r& = 6 1 + 4t 2 + 24t 2 1 + 4t 2
&&
r = 72t 1 + 4t 2
= arctan 2t
& = 2 1 + 4t 2
96t 3 1 + 4t 2
(b) At t = 0.5 s,
r = 0,
r& = 6 ft/s,
rad,
= 0,
& = 2 rad/s,
&&
r =0
&& = 0
v = ( 6 ft/s ) e r W
v = r& = 0,
a = r&& + 2r&& = 24 ft/s 2 ,
a = 24 ft/s 2 e W
&&
r = 15 2 ft/s 2
r = 3 2 ft, r& = 9 2 ft/s,
3 2
vr = r& = 6 ft/s,
ar = &&
r r& 2 = 0,
&& = 16t 1 + 4t 2
(a) At t = 0,
1 2
1 2
& = 1 rad/s, && = 2 rad/s2
vr = r& = 12.73 ft/s,
v = r& = 4.243 ft/s
v = (12.73 ft/s ) er + ( 4.24 ft/s ) e W

2
ar = &&
r r& 2 = 15 2 3 2 (1) = 16.97 ft/s 2
a = r&& + 2r&& = 3 2 ( 2 ) + ( 2 ) 9 2 (1) = 16.97 ft/s 2
a = 16.97 ft/s 2 er + 16.97 ft/s 2 e W
Change to rectangular coordinates.
cos =
r=
Equation of the path:
x
r
yx=3
Also,
tan =
from which
x = 3t 2
or
y
r
y = x + 3.
y x+3
3
1
=
=1+ =1+ 2
x
x
x
t
and
y = 3t 2 + 1
vx = x& = 6t ,
v y = y& = 6t
ax = &&
x = 6,
a y = &&
y=6
(a) Magnitudes:
(b)
sin =
3
3
3r
=
=
y x
sin cos
y
x
r r
from which
Differentiating,
and
v = vx2 + v 2y
v = 6 2 t ft/s W
a = ax2 + a 2y
a = 6 2 ft/s 2 W
y = x + 3 is the equation of a straight line.

Hence,
=W
Sketch the directions of the vectors v and e.

v = v e = v cos
But
v = r&
Hence,
r& = v cos
r=
But from geometry,
b&
= v cos
cos
or
b
cos
v=
b&
cos 2
Speed is the absolute value of v.

v=
b&
W
cos 2
r=
From geometry,
b
cos
r& =
Differentiating with respect to time,
b sin &
cos 2
Transverse component of acceleration
a = r&& + 2r&& =
b&&
2b sin & 2
+
cos
cos 2
(1)
Sketch the directions of the vectors a and e.
a = a e = a cos
(2)
Matching from (1) and (2) and solving for a,
b&&
2b sin & 2
cos 2
cos3
b
=
&& + 2 tan & 2
2
cos
a=
Since magnitude of a is sought,
|a| =
b &&
+ 2 tan & 2 W
cos 2
Sketch the geometry.
+ (180 ) + = 180
=
r
d
=
sin (180 ) sin
r=
d sin
sin
Sketch the velocity vectors.

v = v e = v cos ( 90 )
= v sin
But
or
v = r&
v=
or
v sin =
d sin &
sin 2
d sin &
,
sin
v=
d sin
& W
sin 2 ( )

Looking at d and as polar coordinates with d& = 0,
v = d & = d ,
v = d& = 0
a = d && + 2d& & = 0,
r = d 3 for angles shown.
Geometry analysis:
(a)
Velocity analysis:
ad = d&& d & 2 = d 2
Sketch the directions of v, er and e.

vr = r& = v er = d cos120
1
r& = d W
2
v = r& = v e = d cos 30
3
d cos 30 d 2
=
r
d 3
Sketch the directions of a, er and e.
1
2
& =
(b)
Acceleration analysis:
ar = a er = a cos150 =
& = W
3
d 2
2
3
&&
r r& 2 =
d 2
2
&&
r=
3
3
1
d 2 + r& 2 =
d 2 + d 3
2
2
2
&&
r=
3
d 2 W
4
1
1
1
2
2 d ( 2 ) 2 d 2
&& = 0 W
1
a = a e = d 2 cos120 = d 2
2
&&
&
a = r + 2r&
&& =
1
a 2r&& =
r
1
3d
= 48.0 47.0 = 1.0 = 17.453 103 rad
Rate of change of .
t = 0.5 s
&
17.453 103
=
= 34.907 103 rad/s
t
0.5
Let r be a polar coordinate with origin at A.

b = 4 km = 4 103 m
r=
b
4 103
=
= 5.921 103 m
cos cos 47.5
)(
v = r& = 5.921 103 34.907 103 = 206.68 m/s

v=
From geometry,
v
206.68
=
cos cos 47.5
v = 306 m/s W
Alternate solution.
x = b tan
b&
v = x& = b sec2& =
cos 2
( 4 10 )(34.907 10 ) = 306 m/s

3
v=
cos 2 47.5
Changes in values over the interval

r = 13600 12600 = 1000 ft
= 28.3 31.2 = 2.9 = 5.0615 103 rad
t = 2s
Rates of change.
Mean values.
r& =
r 1000
=
= 500 ft/s
t
2
& =
5.0615 103
=
= 2.5307 103 rad/s
t
2
r=
12600 + 13600
= 13100 ft
2
31.2 + 28.3
= 29.75
2
Velocity components.
vr = r& = 500 ft/s
v = r& = (13100 ) 2.5307 103 = 331.53 ft/s

v = vr2 + v2 =
( 500 )2 + ( 331.53)2
= 600 ft/s
v = 409 mi/h W
vx = vr cos v sin
= 500cos 29.75 ( 331.53) sin 29.75 = 598.61 ft/s
v y = vr sin + v cos
= 500sin 29.75 + ( ( 331.53) cos 29.75 ) = 39.73 ft/s
tan =
v y
vx
39.73
= 0.06636
598.61
= 3.80 W
2
r& = be1/2 &
r = be1/2 ,
2
vr = r& = be1/2 &,
v 2 = vr2 + v2 = be1/2
2
v = r& = be1/2 &
) (
2 2
+ 1 & 2
2
v = be1 2 2 + 1
1/2
& W
r=
r& =
vr = r& =
2b &
,
3
v 2 = vr2 + v2 =
2b &
v = r& =
b &
4b 2 & 2 b3 & 2 b 2
+ 4 = 6 4 + 2 & 2
6
v=
(4 + )
2
12
& W
r = be1/2 ,
2
&&
r = be1/2 &
( )
2
r& = be1/2 &,
2
ar = &&
r r& 2 = be1/2 &
( )
+ & 2 + &&
2
+ & 2 + && & 2 = be1/2 &
( )
+ &&
2
2
2
a = r&& + 2r&& = be1/2 && + 2be1/2 & 2 = be1/2 && + 2& 2
& =
But
2
ar = be1/2 ( )
a 2 = ar2 + a2 = be1/2
and
a = be1/2
and
) (
2 2
&& = 0
( 2 )
2
+ 4 2 4
2
a = be1/2 2 + 4
1/2
2 W
r=
r& =
ar = &&
r r& 2 =
2b &
,
3
&&
r=
2b && 6b & 2
+ 4
3
2b & 6b & 2
b
b
+ 4 2 & 2 = 4 2&& + 6& 2 2& 2
3
b
b
2b
a = r&& + 2r&& = 2 && = ( 2 ) 3 & 2 = 3 && 4& 2
But
ar =
& =
and
&& = 0
( 6 )
and
a =
a 2 = ar2 + a2 =
=
b2
b2
(36 + 4
( 36 12
4b
+ 4 2 +
16b 2
+ 4 2
a=
(36 + 4
+4
12
2 W
Sketch the geometry.

r 2 = d 2 + h 2 2dh cos
Law of cosines:
Differentiating with respect to time and noting that d and h are constant,
2rr& = 2dh sin &
r& =
Law of sines:
dh sin
&
r
sin sin
=
r
d
so that
r& = h sin &
Q.E.D W
R=
Given:
A
,
t +1
= Bt ,
z=
Ct
t +1
Differentiating with respect to time,

R& =
&& =
R
( t + 1)
2A
3
( t + 1)
& = B,
&& = 0,
(a) t = 0.
z& =
R = A,
z& =
C ( t + 1) Ct
( t + 1)
(1 + t )2
(1 + t )3
z=0
&& = B,
z& = C
&& = 0,
&&
z = 2C
v = R& = AB,
vR = R& = A,
2C
= 0,
R& = A,
&& = 2 A,
R
vz = z& = C
v 2 = vR2 + v2 + vz2 = A2 + A2 B 2 + C 2
v=
&& R& 2 = 2 A AB 2
aR = R
aR2 = 4 A2 4 A2 B 2 + A2 B 4
a = R&& + 2R&& = 0 2 AB
a2 = 4 A2 B
az = &&
z = 2c
az2 = 4C 2
a 2 = aR2 + a2 + az2 = 4 A2 + A2 B 4 + 4C 2
(b) t = .
R = 0,
= ,
z = C,
&& = 0,
R
vr = R& = 0,
&& R& 2 = 0,
ar = R
R& = 0,
&& = 0,
v = R& = 0,
A2 + A2 B 2 + C 2 W
a = 4 A2 + A2 B 4 + 4C 2 W
& = B,
z& = 0,
&&
z=0
v=0W
vz = z& = 0,
a = R&& R& 2 = 0,
az = &&
z = 0,
a=0W
r = ( Rt cos nt ) i + ctj + ( Rt sin nt ) k.
From problem 11.97, the position vector is

dr
v=
dt
dv
= R n sin nt n sin nt n2t cos nt i + R n cos nt + n cos nt n2t sin nt k
a=
dt
) (
= R 2 n sin nt n2t cos nt i + 2 n cos nt n2t sin nt k
i j k
v a = vx v y vz = v y a z vz a y i + ( vz a x vx az ) j + v x a y v y a x k
ax a y az
= cR 2 n cos nt n2t sin nt i + R 2 ( sin nt + nt cos nt ) 2 n sin nt n2t cos nt
R 2 ( cos nt nt sin nt ) 2 n cos nt n2t sin nt j
+ cR 2 n sin nt n2t cos nt k
= cR n ( 2 cos nt nt sin nt ) i R 2 n 2 + n2t 2 j + cR n ( 2sin nt + nt cos nt ) k
1/2
| v a | = c 2 R 2 n2 4 + n2 2 + R 4 n2 2 + n2t 2
eb =
The binormal unit vector eb is given by
va
| va |
Let be the angle between the y-axis and the binormal.
Let
cos = eb j =
( v a) j =
B = cR n 4 + n2t 2
A = R 2 n 2 + n2t 2 ,
|va |
R 2 n ( 2 + nt )
12
c 2 R 2 2 4 + 2t 2 + R 4 2 2 + 2t 2
n
n
n
n
A
as
C
shown in the sketch. The angle that the osculating plane makes with the
y-axis is the angle .
12
C=
A2 + B 2 so that cos =
R 2 + n2t 2
A
tan = =
B c 4 + 2t 2 1 2
n
= tan
R 2 + n2t 2
c 4 + n2t 2
12
For A = 3 and B = 1, r = ( 3t cos t ) i + 3 t 2 + 1 j + ( t sin t ) k

(a)
v=
dr
t
= 3 ( cos t t sin t ) i + 3
2
dt
t +1
a=
dv
1
= 3 ( 2sin t t cos t ) i + 3
dt
t2 + 1
3/2
j + ( 2cot t t sin t ) k
v = 3 (1 0 ) i + ( 0 ) j + ( 0 ) k = 3i
At t = 0,
a = 3(0)i + 3(1) j + ( 2 0 ) k = 3j + 2k
i j k
v a = 3 0 0 = 6 j + 9k
0 3 2
| v a | = 62 + 92 = 10.817
eb =
cos x = 0,
va
= 0.55470 j + 0.83205k
| va |
cos y = 0.55470,
cos 2 = 0.83205
x = 90,
(b)
At t =
s,
y = 123.7,
z = 33.7 !
v = 4.71239i + 2.53069 j + k
a = 6i + 0.46464 j 1.5708k
i
j
k
1
v a = 4.71239 2.53069
0.46464 1.5708
6
= 4.43985 i 13.4022 j + 12.9946 k
continued
1/2
2
2
2
| v a | = ( 4.43985 ) + (13.4022 ) + (12.9946 )
eb =
= 19.1883
va
= 0.23138i 0.69846 j + 0.67721k
| va |
cos x = 0.23138,
cos y = 0.69846,
cos z = 0.67721
x = 103.4,
y = 134.3,
z = 47.4 !
Given:
a = kt 2 ft/s 2 ,
x0 = 36 ft,
t
x9 = 144 ft,
v v0 = 0 a dt = 0 kt 2 dt =
v = v0 +
Velocity:
t
x x0 = 0 v dt = v0t +
v9 = 27 ft/s
1 3
kt
3
1 3
kt
3
1 4
kt
12
Position:
x = x0 + v0t +
1 4
1 4
kt = 36 + v0t +
kt
12
12
When t = 9 s,
x = 144 ft
and
36 + v0 ( 9 ) +
or
v = 27 ft/s
1
4
k ( 9 ) = 144
12
9v0 + 546.75k = 108

v0 +
(1)
1
3
k ( 9 ) = 27
3
v0 + 243k = 27
(2)
Solving equations (1) and (2) simultaneously yields:

v0 = 7 ft/s
and
k = 0.082305 f t/s 4
Then,
x = 36 + 7t + 0.00686t 4 ft W
v = 7 + 0.0274t 3 ft/s W
(a)
Determination of k.
dv = a dt ,
From
dt =
dv
dv
=
a
0.6 (1 kv )
Integrating, using the condition v = 0 when t = 0,

dv
t
v
0 dt = 0 0.6 1 kv
(
)
or
Using t = 20 s when v = 6 mm/s,
t
0
20 =
v
1
ln (1 kv )
0
0.6k
t=
1
ln (1 kv )
0.6k
1
ln (1 6k )
0.6k
k = 0.1328 s/m W
Solving by trial,
(b)
(1)
Position when v = 7.5 m/s.

From v dv = a dx,
dx =
v dv
v dv
=
a
0.6 (1 kv )
Integrating, using the condition x = 6 m when v = 0,

1 v
1
1
x6=
1 +
dv =
0
0.6k
1 kv
0.6k
x=6
1
0.6k
v dv
6 dx = 0 0.6 1 kv
(
)
v
v k ln (1 kv )
v + k ln (1 kv )
Using v = 7.5 m/s and the determined value of k:

x=6
1
1
7.5 +
ln (1 ( 0.1328 )( 7.5 ) )
0.6
0.1328
0.1328
( )(
)
(c) Maximum velocity occurs when a = 0.
vmax =
1
1
=
k 0.1328
x = 434 m W
vmax = 7.53 m/s W
v0 = 25 mi/h = 36.667 ft/s
v f = 65 mi/h = 95.333 ft/s

x0 = 0
and
x f = 0.1 mi = 528 ft
v 2f = v02 + 2a x f x0
(a) Acceleration.
a=
v 2f v02
2 x f x0
95.3332 36.667 2
= 7.3333 ft/s 2
2 ( 528 0 )
a = 7.33 ft/s 2 W
(b) Time to reach 65 mph.
v f = v0 + at f
tf =
v f v0
a
95.333 36.667
7.3333
t f = 8.00 s W
Let x be position relative to the fixed supports, taken positive if downward.

2 x A + 3xB = constant
Constraint of cable on left:

2v A + 3vB = 0,
or
vB =
2
vA,
3
aB =
and
2
aA
3
xB + 2 xC = constant
Constraint of cable on right:

vB + 2vC = 0,
vC =
or
1
1
vB = v A ,
2
3
and
aC =
1
aA
3
Block C moves downward; hence, block A also moves downward.

(a)
Accelerations.
v A = ( v A )0 + a AT
aB =
aC =
(b)
or
aA =
v A ( v A )0
t
456 0
= 38.0 mm/s2
12
2
2
a A = ( 38.0 ) = 25.3 mm/s 2
3
3
1
1
a A = ( 38.0 ) = 12.67 mm/s 2
3
3
a A = 38.0 mm/s 2
a B = 25.3 mm/s 2
aC = 12.67 mm/s 2
v B = 203 mm/s
xB = 811 mm
Velocity and change in position of B after 8 s.

vB = ( vB )0 + aBt = 0 + ( 25.3)( 8 ) = 203 mm/s
xB ( x B ) 0 = ( v B ) 0 t +
1
1
2
aBt 2 = 0 + ( 25.3)( 8 ) = 811 mm
2
2
(a)
Construction of the curves.

a = slope of v t curve
Construct the at curve.

0 < t < 10 s:
t = 10 s,
v = 0
a=
v
=0
t
10 s < t < 26 s:
t = 16 s,
v = 80 m/s
a=
v
= 5 m/s 2
t
26 s < t < 41 s:
t = 15 s,
v = 0
a=
v
=0
t
41 s < t < 46 s:
t = 5 s,
v = 15 m/s
a=
v
= 3 m/s 2
t
46 s < t < 50 s:
t = 4 s,
v = 0
a=
v
=0
t
Construct the xt curve.
x = area of vt curve.
x is maximum or minimum where v = 0.

v = 60 5 ( t 10 )
For 10 s t 26 s,
v = 0 when
60 5t + 50 = 0
or
t = 22 s
x0 = 540 m
Also
0 to 10 s
x = (10 )( 60 ) = 600 m
x10 = 540 + 600 = 60 m
10 s to 22 s
x =
1
(12 )( 60 ) = 360 m
2
x22 = 60 + 360 = 420 m
22 s to 26 s
x =
1
( 4 )( 20 ) = 40 m
2
x26 = 420 40 = 380 m
(b)
26 s to 41 s
x = (15 )( 20 ) = 300 m
x41 = 380 300 = 80 m
41 s to 46 s
20 5
x = ( 5 )
= 62.5 m
2
x46 = 80 62.5 = 17.5 m
46 s to 50 s
x = ( 4 )( 5) = 20 m
x50 = 17.5 20 = 2.5 m
Total distance traveled.

0 t 22 s,
22 s t 50 s,
Total:
(c)
d1 = x22 x0 = 420 ( 540 ) = 960 m

d 2 = x50 x22 = 2.5 420 = 422.5
d = d1 + d 2 = 1382.5 m
d = 1383 m W
Times when x = 0.
For 0 t 10 s,
At x = 0,
For 46 s t 50,
At x = 0,
x = 540 + 60t m
540 + 60t = 0
t = 9sW
x = 17.5 5 ( t 46 ) m
17.5 5 ( t 46 ) = 0
t 46 = 3.5
t = 49.5 s W
( vA )0 = 100 km/h = 27.778 m/s
( vB )0 = 25 km/h = 6.944 m/s
Sketch acceleration curve for car B over 0 < t < 5 s.

Using moment-area formula at t = 5 s.
xB ( xB )0 = ( vo ) t + ( aB )( 5 )( 2.5 )
70 = ( 6.944 )( 5 ) + 12.5aB
aB = 2.822 m/s 2
Determine when B reaches 100 km/h.
( vB ) f = ( vB )0 + A2
27.778 = 6.944 + 2.822t B
t B = 7.38 s
A2 = ( 2.822 )( 7.38 ) = 20.83 m/s
Then,
xB = ( xB )0 + ( vB )0 t B + A2
by moment-area formula
x A = ( x A ) 0 + ( v A )0 t B
and
Subtracting,
Then,
tB
2
t
xB x A = ( xB )0 ( x A )0 + ( vB )0 ( v A )0 t B + A2 B
2
7.38
xB x A = 120 + ( 6.944 27.778 )( 7.38 ) + ( 20.83)
2
Car B is ahead of car A.
xB/ A = 43.1 m W
(a)
( )0 = 0
y0 = 1.5 m, v y
Vertical motion:
( )0 t 12 gt 2
y = y0 + v y
At point B,
y=h
tB =
When h = 1068 mm = 1.068 m,
tB =
(b)
( 2 )(1.5 0.788)
9.81
( 2 )(1.5 1.068)
9.81
= 0.3810 s
= 0.2968 s
x0 = 0, ( vx )0 = v0 ,
x = v0t
With xB = 12.2 m,
2 ( y0 y )
2 ( y0 h )
tB =
or
When h = 788 mm = 0.788 m,
Horizontal motion:
t=
or
v0 =
or
x xB
=
t
tB
we get
v0 =
12.2
= 32.02 m/s
0.3810
and
v0 =
12.2
= 41.11 m/s
0.2968
32.02 m/s v0 41.11 m/s
or
115.3 km/h v0 148.0 km/h W
Vertical motion:
vy = vy
Horizontal motion:
vx = v0
( )0 gt = gt
tan =
( )
vy
dy
gt
B
=
= B
dx
( vx )B v0
For h = 0.788 m,
tan =
( 9.81)( 0.3810 ) = 0.11673,
= 6.66 W
For h = 1.068 m,
tan =
( 9.81)( 0.2968) = 0.07082,
= 4.05 W
32.02
41.11
The horizontal and vertical components of velocity are

vx = v0 sin15
v y = v0 cos15 gt
At point B,
vx
v0 sin15
=
= tan12
v y v0 cos15 gt
or
v0 sin15 + v0 cos15 tan12 = gt tan12

0.46413v0 = gt tan12
t = 2.1836
v0
g
Vertical motion:
y y0 = v0 cos15t
1 2
gt
2
= 2.1836 cos15
= 0.27486
v02 1
2v
g ( 2.1836 ) 0
2
g
g
v02
g
v02 = 3.638g ( y y0 ) = ( 3.638 )( 32.2 )

0
12
= 78.10 ft 2 / s 2
v0 = 8.84 ft /s W

First determine the velocity vC of the coal at the point where the coal
impacts on the belt.
( vC ) x = ( vC ) x 0 = 1.8cos 50
Horizontal motion:
= 1.1570 m/s
( vC )2y = ( vC ) y
Vertical motion:
2
0
2 g ( y y0 )
2
= (1.8sin 50 ) ( 2 )( 9.81)( 1.5 )

= 31.331 m 2 / s 2
( vC ) y
tan =
= 5.5974 m/s
5.5974
= 4.8379,
1.1570
2
= 78.32
vC2 = ( vC ) x + ( vC ) y = 32.669 m 2 /s 2
vC = 5.7156 m/s,
78.32
vC = ( 1.1570 m/s ) i + ( 5.5974 m/s ) j
or
Velocity of the belt:
v B = vB ( cos10i + sin10 j)
v C/B = v C v B = v C + ( v B )
Relative velocity:
(a)
vC = 5.7156 m/s
v C/B is vertical.
( vC/B )x = 0
( vC/B )x = 1.1570 vB ( cos10) = 0,
vB = 1.175 m/s
v B = 1.175 m/s
(b)
10 W
vC/B is minimum. Sketch the vector addition as shown.

vB2/C = vB2 + vC2 2vB vC cos 88.32
Set the derivative with respect to vB equal to zero.

2vB 2vC cos88.32 = 0
vB = vC cos88.32 = 0.1676 m/s
v B = 0.1676 m/s
10 W
( vA )0 = 0,
Given:
dv A
= 0.8 in./s 2
dt
v A = ( v A )0 + ( a A )t t = 0.8 t
Then,
(a)
( a A )t =
t = 0,
v A = 0,
( a A )n =
v A2
=0
a A = ( a A )t
(b)
a A = 0.800 in./s 2 W
v A = 0 + ( 0.8 )( 2 ) = 1.6 in./s
t = 2 s,
( a A )n =
v A2
(1.6 )2
3.5
= 0.731 in./s 2
1/2
1/2
2
2
2
2
a A = ( a A )t + ( a A )n = ( 0.8 ) + ( 0.731)
a A = 1.084 in./s 2 W
(a)
At point A.
a A = g = 9.81 m/s 2
Sketch tangential and normal components of acceleration at A.
( aA )n
= gcos 50
2
A =
(b)
( 2)
v A2
=
( a A )n 9.81cos 50
A = 0.634 m W
At point B, 1 meter below point A.

Horizontal motion: ( vB ) x = ( v A ) x = 2cos 50 = 1.286 m/s
Vertical motion:
( vB )2y = ( vA )2y + 2a y ( yB y A )
2
= ( 2 cos 40 ) + ( 2 )( 9.81)( 1)
= 21.97 m 2 /s 2
( vB ) y = 4.687 m/s
tan =
( vB ) y
( vB ) x
4.687
,
1.286
or
= 74.6
aB = gcos 74.6
2
( v B ) x + ( vB ) y
v 2
B = B =
gcos 74.6
( aB ) n
=
(1.286 )2 + 21.97
9.81cos 74.6
B = 9.07 m W
(
)
= 2 ( 2t + 4e ) rad,
r = 6 4 2e t ft,
r& = 12e t ft/s,
2t
(a)
At t = 0 s,
&&
r = 12e t ft/s 2
& = 2 2 8e 2t rad/s
&&
r = 12 ft/s 2
r = 12 ft,
r& = 12 ft/s,
= 8 rad,
& = 12 rad/s,
vr = r& = 12 ft/s,
&& = 32e 2t rad/s 2
&& = 32 rad/s 2
v = r& = 144 ft/s
v = (12 ft/s ) er (144 ft/s ) e W

2
ar = &&
r r& 2 = 12 (12 )(12 ) = 1740 ft/s 2
a = r&& + 2r&& = (12 )( 32 ) + ( 2 )(12 )( 12 ) = 96 ft/s 2
a = 1740 ft/s 2 er + 96 ft/s 2 e W

(b) At t
e t
r 24 ft,
4t rad,
and
r& 0,
e 2t
&&
r0
& 4 rad/s,
&& 0
vr = r& 0, v = r& 96 rad/s
v = ( 96 ft/s ) e W
2
ar &&
r r& 2 = ( 24 )( 4 ) = 384 ft/s 2 ,
a 0
a = 384 ft/s 2 er W
The particle is moving on a circular path of radius of 24 ft and with a speed of 96 ft/s. The acceleration is the
normal acceleration v 2 /r =
( 96 )2
24
= 384 ft/s 2 directed toward the center of the circle.

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COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 11, Solution 2.

Corresponding position and velocity.

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 11, Solution 3.

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 11, Solution 4.

x = 6t 4 + 8t 3 14t 2 10t + 16 in.

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 11, Solution 5.

v = ( 500 )(10 ) cos ( 0.5 )

a = ( 500 )(10 ) sin ( 0.5 )

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 11, Solution 6.

x = 50sin k1t k2t 2 mm

= k1t k2t 2 = t 0.5t 2 rad

No solutions cos = 0 in this range.

= 1 ( 0.5 )(1) = 0.5 rad

a = 50cos ( 0.5 )( 1) 50sin ( 0.5 )( 0 )

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 11, Solution 7.

When velocity is zero.

Over 1 s < t < 3 s

x1 = (1) ( 6 )(1) + ( 9 )(1) + 5 = 9 ft

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 11, Solution 8.

14 (14) 2 (4)( 3)(12)

t1 = 1.1315 s and t2 = 3.535 s

Total distance traveled.

d 2 = 8.879 1.935 = 6.944 ft

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 11, Solution 9.

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 11, Solution 10.

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 11, Solution 11.

a = 3.24sin kt 4.32 cos kt ft/s 2 ,

v v0 = 0 a dt = 3.24 0 sin kt dt 4.32 0 cos kt dt

= 1.08cos kt 1.08 1.44sin kt

v = 1.08cos kt 1.44sin kt ft/s

x x0 = 0 v dt = 1.08 0 cos kt dt 1.44 0 sin kt dt

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 11, Solution 12.

v = 400 30t 2 mm/s

For t > 3.651 s,

x 500 = 400t 10t 3

= 400t 10t 3 390

x = 400t 10t 3 + 110 mm

x = xmax = ( 400 )( 3.651) (10 )( 3.651) + 110 = 1083.7 mm

x = x7 = ( 400 )( 7 ) (10 )( 7 ) + 110

Total distance traveled:

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 11, Solution 13.

v ( 0.15 ) = 0.15t ( 0.15 )( 2 )

x5 = ( 0.075 )( 5 ) ( 0.45 )( 5 ) 10 = 10.375 m

x3 = xmin = ( 0.075 )( 3.00 ) ( 0.45 )( 3.00 ) 10 = 10.675 mm

Over 3.00 s < t < 5 s,

Total distance traveled:

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 11, Solution 14.

Position and velocity at t = 4 s.

d 4 = d3 + x4 x3 = 20.25 + 13 25.25 = 32.5 m

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 11, Solution 15.