“The man who does not read books has no advantage over the one who

cannot read them” -- Mark Twain

Contents

S.No. Title Page

1. Electric Charges and Fields………………………………………… 3

2. Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance…………………………... 4

3. Current Electricity……………………………………………………. 5

4. Moving Charges and Magnetism………………………………….. 6

5. Magnetism and Matter……………………………………………… 8

6. Electromagnetic Induction…………………………………………. 9

7. Alternating Current………………………………………………….. 11

8. Electromagnetic Waves……………………………………………. 12

9. Ray Optics and Optical Instruments………………………………. 14

10. Wave Optics…………………………………………………………. 15

11. Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter……………………………… 17

12. Atoms…………………………………………………………………. 18

13. Nuclei………………………………………………………………….. 19

14. Semiconductor Devices…………………………………………….. 20

15 Answers ……………………………………………………………… 23 - 43
 PREFACE

TEAM IITA is a group of teachers who worked together to create this book for the students

of class XII. This small booklet will be helpful to you as it will give you an indirect input of a

group of teachers. Simply try to answer every question to gain a sense of your readiness. We

wish you the best of luck in your upcoming board exams. Any suggestions/feedback can be

emailed at iitaeducationindia@gmail.com

Ms. Niharika Ms. Sharmila R Nair Ms. Niharika Sharma

N K Bagrodia Global Jesus Mary Joseph School Queens Valley School

School

Ms. Ashma Sriram Mr. Pradeep Lochan Panda Ms. Urvashi Raina

The Air Force School, ITL Public School GD Goenka Public School

Subroto Park Dwarka Vasant Kunj

Mr. Guneet Singh Ms. Vandana Parashar Mr. Sonu Gera

Vasant Valley School The Air Force School, Freelancer

Vasant Kunj Subroto Park

Mr. Sujeet Chhikara Mr. Lalit Gautam Mr. Naveen

The Air Force School, Shanti Gyan Niketan School Red Rose Public School

Subroto Park

Ms. Savita Sharma Ms. Apoorva

FreeLancer DPS Dwarka Expressway

1 Marker Questions Book Class XII CBSE By: Sujeet Chhikara

Chapter 1. Electric Charges and Fields

1. A hemisphere is uniformly charged positively. The electric field at a point on a diameter

away from the center is directed:
(a) Perpendicular to the diameter
(b) Parallel to the diameter
(c) At an angle tilted towards the diameter
(d) At an angle tilted away from the diameter

2. The dimensions of an atom are of the order of an Angstrom. Thus, there must be
11 large electric fields between the protons and electrons. Why then is the
1
electrostatic field inside a conductor is zero?

3. How many electrons must be removed from an electrically neutral metal plate to
give positive charge of 1×10-7C?

a) 6.25×1011 b) 6.45×1013 c) 6.25×10 -11 d) 6.45×10-13

.

4.
11 State Gauss theorem in electrostatics. Apply this theorem to obtain the expression for the
1 . electric field at a point due to an infinitely long, thin, uniformly charged straight wire of
linear charge density λ Cm−1.
current flowing through it.

5. a) Define torque acting on a dipole of dipole moment p placed in a uniform

11 electric field E. Express it in vector form and point out the direction along
1
which it acts.
. b) What happens when the field is non uniform?
c) What would happen if the external field E is increasing (i) parallel to p and
anti parallel to p.

3
1 Marker Questions Book Class XII CBSE By: Sujeet Chhikara

..Chapter 2.. Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

1. Two concentric spherical shells of radii R and 2R carry charges Q and 2Q

11
respectively. Change in electric potential on the outer shell when both are
1
connected by a conducing wire

a) 0 b) 3kQ/2R c) kQ/R d) 2kQ/R

2. Four-point charges -Q, -q,2q and 2Q are placed, one at each corner of the
11
1 square. The relation between Q and q for which the potential at the centre of the
.
square is zero is

a) Q = 0.5q b) Q = -q c) Q = -0.5 d) Q = q

3. A parallel plate capacitor is charged by a battery, which is then disconnected. A

11
1 . dielectric slab is then inserted in the space between the plates. Explain what changes,
if any, occur in the values of
(i) capacitance.
(ii) potential difference between the plates.
(iii) electric field between the plates.
(iv) the energy stored in the capacitor.

.
4. If N drops of same size each having the same charge, coalesce to form a bigger
1 drop. How will the following vary with respect to single small drop?
1
1 (i) Total charge on bigger drop
(ii) Potential on the bigger drop
(iii) Capacitance

5. Find the expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor of area A and
11
1 plate separation d if (i) a dielectric slab of thickness t and (ii) a metallic slab of
thickness t, where (t<d) are introduced one by one between the plates of the
. capacitor. In which case would the capacitance be more and why?

. 4.
11
 ..Chapter 3.. CURRENT ELECTRICITY

1
A material 'B' has twice the specific resistance of 'A'. A circular wire made of 'B'
has twice the diameter of a wire made of 'A'. Then for the two wires to have the
same resistance, the ratio la/lb of their respective lengths must be

(a) 1 (b) 1/2 (c) 2 (d) 4

2.
. The resistance of the series combination of two resistances is S. When they are
joined in parallel their total resistance is P. If S = nP, then the minimum possible
value of n is
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1

3. On interchanging the resistances, the balance point of a meter bridge shifts to the
.
left by 10 cm. The resistance of their series combination is 1 kΩ. How much was
the resistance on the left slot before interchanging the resistances?
(a) 910 Ω (b) 990 Ω (c) 550 Ω (d) 505 Ω

4.
The current drawn from 5 volt source will be
1.
1 (3) 505 Ω
1

(2) 990 Ω

(4) 550 Ω
(a) 0.17 A (b) 0.5 A (c) 0.33 A (d) 0.7 A
(2) 11.6 V and 11.7 V
.

5 How long does it take electrons to get from a car battery to the starting motor?
(4) 11.4 V
Assume and
the 11.5 V
current is 300 A and the electrons travel through a copper wire with
cross-sectional area 0.21 cm2 and length 0.85 m. The number of charge carriers
per unit volume is 8.47 x 1028 m-3

5
.
1 Marker Questions Book Class XII CBSE By: Sujeet Chhikara

..Chapter 4. Moving Charges and Magnetism

1. A galvanometer coil has a resistance of 12Ω and the meter shows full scale
11 deflection for a current of 3mA. How will you convert the meter into a voltmeter of
1
range 0 to 18V?

2. ⃗⃗, then
If an electron is moving with velocity 𝑣⃗ produces a magnetic field 𝐵
11
1 ⃗⃗ will be same as the direction of velocity 𝑣⃗ .
(a) the direction of field 𝐵
⃗⃗ will be opposite to the direction of velocity 𝑣⃗.
(b) the direction of field 𝐵
. ⃗⃗ will be perpendicular to the direction of velocity 𝑣⃗.
(c) the direction of field 𝐵
⃗⃗ does not depend upon the direction of
(d) the direction of field 𝐵
velocity 𝑣⃗.charge

3. .
11 Increasing the current sensitivity of a galvanometer may not necessarily increase its
1 voltage sensitivity. Explain, giving reason.

4. ⃗⃗= 0.1𝑘̂ T are

In a region of electric field 𝐸⃗⃗ =5×103𝑗̂ N/C and a magnetic field of 𝐵
1
1 applied a beam of charged particles are projected along x direction. Find the velocity
1 of charged particles which move undeflected in these crossed fields?

5.
⃗⃗, vs distance r from centre
The correct plot of the magnitude of magnetic field 𝐵
11
1 of the wire is, if the radius of wire is R
ent flowing

6
6. Two α-particles have the ratio of their velocities as 3: 2 on entering the field. If
1
they move in different circular paths, then the ratio of the radii of their paths is
1
1 (a) 2:3
(b) 3:2
(c) 9:4
(d) 4:9

7. Current flows through uniform, square frames as shown in the figure. In which
1
.1 case is the magnetic field at the centre of the frame not zero?
1

7
1 Marker Questions Book Class XII CBSE By: Sujeet Chhikara

..Chapter 5. Magnetism and Matter

1.
Nickel shows ferromagnetic property at room temperature. If the temperature is
11
increased beyond the Curie temperature, then it will show
1
(a) Anti-ferromagnetism
(b) No magnetic property
(c) Diamagnetism
(d) Paramagnetism

.
2. The magnetic susceptibility of a paramagnetic material at –73°C is 0.0075 and
11
its value at –173°C will be:
1
(a) 0.0045 (b) 0.0030 (c) 0.015 (d) 0.0075

3. (a) How does a diamagnetic material behave when it is cooled to very low
11
temperatures?
1
. (b) Why does a paramagnetic sample display greater magnetisation when
cooled? Explain.

4. Show diagrammatically the behaviour of magnetic field lines in the presence of (i)
1
paramagnetic and (ii) diamagnetic substances. How does one explain this
1
1 . distinguishing feature.

5. Distinguish few magnetic properties of dia-, para- and ferro-magnetic substances

11
in terms of (i) susceptibility, (ii) magnetic permeability and (iii) coercivity. Give one
1
example of each of these materials.

8
1 Marker Questions Book Class XII CBSE By: Sujeet Chhikara

..Chapter 6. Electro Magnetic Induction

1. According to the Lenz's law:

11 (a) The direction of induced emf is such that will be such that it helps the
1
change in magnetic flux.
(b) The direction of induced emf is such that will be such that it oppose the
change in magnetic flux.
(c) The magnitude of induced emf is directly proportional to the rate of
change of flux.
(d) The direction of induced emf will be along the direction of magnetic
. field.

2. The magnetic field between the Horizontal poles of an electromagnet is

11 uniform at any time, but its magnitude is increasing at the rate of 0.020 T/s.
1
The area of a horizontal conducting loop in the magnetic field is 120 cm2, and
the total circuit resistance, including the meter, is 5Ω. Induced emf and the
induced current in the circuit are

(a) 0.18 mV,0.048 mA (b) 0.22 mV,0.048 mA

(c) 0.20 mV,0.048 mA (d) 0.24 mV,0.048 mA

.

3. A flexible wire of irregular shape, abcd, as shown in the figure, turns into a
11
1 circular shape when placed in a region of magnetic field which is directed
normal to the plane of the loop away from the reader. Predict the direction
of the induced current in the wire.

9
4. Two concentric circular coils C1 and C2, radius r1 and r2 (r1 << r2) respectively are
1
kept co-axially. If current is passed through C2, then, find an expression for mutual
1
1 inductance between the two coils.

5.
11 An air cored solenoid of length 0.3 m, area of cross section is 1.2 × 10–3 m2 and
1 has 2500 turns. Around its central section, a coil of 350 turns is wound. The
solenoid and the coil are electrically insulated from each other. Calculate the
emf induced in the coil if the initial current of 3A in the solenoid is reversed in

. 0.25 s.

10
1 Marker Questions Book Class XII CBSE By: Sujeet Chhikara

..CHAPTER 77. AALTERNATING CURRENT

1. The phase difference between the alternating current and emf is π/2. Which of the
11 following cannot be the constituent of the circuit?
1
(a) LC (b) L alone (c) C alone (d) RL

2. In an AC generator, a coil with N turns, all of the same area A and total
11
resistance R, rotates with frequency ω in a magnetic field B. The maximum
1
value of emf generated in the coil is
.
(a) NAB (b) NABR (c) NABω (d) NABRc

3.
1
Why can’t the DC ammeter measure an alternating current?
1 a) AC cannot pass through a DC ammeter
1 .
b) AC changes its direction
c) AC is virtual
d) The average value of a complete cycle is zero

4. If a current I given by I0sin (ωt−π/2) flows across an AC circuit with

1
potential E=E0sinωt, then what is the power consumption in the circuit?
1.
1 a) P = E0Io/2
b) P = √2E0I0
c) P = E0I0/√2
d) P =0

5. Explain why
11
a. the core of the transformer is laminated.
.1
b. thick copper wire is used in windings.

. 11
.11
 1 Marker Questions BookClass XII CBSE By: Sujeet Chhikara

..Chapter 8.. Electromagnetic Waves

1.
The source of electromagnetic waves can be a charge

(a) moving with a constant velocity.

(b) moving in a circular orbit

(c) at rest

(d) falling in a magnetic field.

2. In electromagnetic waves the phase difference between electric and magnetic

. field vectors are

(a) zero (b) 𝜋

𝜋 𝜋
(c) (d) 4
2

3.
The electric field intensity produced by the radiation coming from 100W bulb
.
at a 3m distance is E. The electric field intensity produced by the radiations
coming from 50W bulb at the same distance is

(a) E/2
(b) 2E
(c) E /√2
(d) √2𝐸

4.
If E and B represent electric and magnetic field vectors of the electromagnetic
. wave, the direction of propagation of electromagnetic wave is along
(a) E
(b) B
(c) B ×E
(d) E×B

12
Two metallic spheres A and B kept on insulating stands are in
contact with each other. A positively charged rod P is brought near
the sphere A as shown in the figure. The two spheres are separated
from each other, and the rod P is removed. What will be the nature
of charges on spheres A and B?

.
5.
Let the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves used quite often for
.
(i) Killing germs in household water purifiers.
(ii) Remote sensing.
(iii) Treatment of cancer, be labelled as λ1, λ2 and λ3 in increasing order.

6.
Suppose that the electric field part of an electromagnetic wave in vaccum is
.
E = {(3.1 N/C) cos [(1.8rad/m)y + (5.4×106 rad/s)t]}𝑖̂.

(i) What is the direction of propagation?

(ii) What is the wavelength?
(iii) What is the frequency?
(iv) What is the amplitude of the magnetic field part of the wave?
(v) Write an expression for the magnetic field part of the wave.

7. Discuss the inconsistency in ampere’s circuital law. What modification was

. made by Maxwell in this law? What is displacement current? Conduction and
displacement current are individually discontinuous, but their sum is
continuous. Comment.

8. (a) How does oscillating charge produce electromagnetic waves?

.
(b) Sketch a schematic diagram depicting oscillating electric and magnetic
fields of an em wave propagating along +z direction.

9. (a) Why are infrared waves often called heat waves? Explain.
. (b) Show, by giving a simple example, how e.m. waves carry energy and
momentum.

13
Two metallic spheres A and B kept on insulating stands are in
contact with each other. A positively charged rod P is brought near
the sphere A as shown in the figure. The two spheres are separated
from each other, and the rod P is removed. What will be the nature
of charges on spheres A and B?

.
1 Marker Questions Book Class XII CBSE By: Sujeet Chhikara

..Chapter 09.. RAY OPTICS & OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS

1.
11 A ray of light incident at an angle θ on a refracting face of a prism emerges from
1 the other face normally. If the angle of prism is 5 0 and the prism is made of a
material of refractive index 1.5, the angle of incidence is

(a) 7.50 (b) 50 (c) 150 (d) 2.50

2. An under-water swimmer cannot see very clearly even in absolutely clear water
11 because of
1 .
(a) absorption of light in water (b) scattering of light in water
(c) reduction of speed of light in water (d) change in the focal length of eye
lens

3.
In a compound microscope, the intermediate image is
1
(a) virtual, erect and magnified (b) real, erect and magnified
1 .
(c) real, inverted and magnified (d) virtual, erect and diminished
1

4.
1 A Cassegrain telescope uses two mirrors as shown in fig. Such a telescope is
1 built with the mirrors 20 mm apart. If the radius of curvature of the large mirror
1
is 220 mm and the small mirror is 140 mm, where will the final image of an
object at infinity be?
.

5. Define total internal reflection of light with the help of ray diagram. Hence write
11 two advantages of total reflecting prisms over a plane mirror?
1

14
...
1 Marker Questions Book Class XII CBSE By: Sujeet Chhikara

..Chapter 10.. Wave Optics

1. Young’s double slit experiment is performed using a light of frequency 14x10 14Hz.
11
If the slits are separated by 0.4 mm and the screen is kept 1 m away from the
1
slits, then find the fringe width when the experiment is performed in:

a. air (n = 1)
b. water (n = 4/3)

2. A plane wave of wavelength of 4000 Å is incident on a single narrow slit. A

11.
1 screen is placed 2 m away from the slit. Calculate the width of the slits if the first
minimum lies 3 mm on either side of the central maximum.

3.
11 YDSE is carries out independently using green, red and blue light, one colour at
1 a time. The fringe widths measured are G, R and B respectively. Choose the
CORRECT option:
.
a. G> B > R
b. B > G > R
c. R > B > G
d. R > G > B
.

4.
Two coherent monochromatic light beams of intensities 4I and 9I are superposed.
1
1 The maximum and minimum possible intensities in the resulting beams are:
1 a. 25I and 2I
b. 13I and 5I
c. 25I and I
d. 5I and I throu
gh it.

15
5.
11 A plane wavefront is incident on a right angled hollow prism as shown in the
1
figure below

.
The CORRECT emergent wavefront is:

a. b.

c. c. d. f charge
carriers in a conductor and write its relationship with

the current flowing through it.

16
1 Marker Questions Book Class XII CBSE By: Sujeet Chhikara

..Chapter 11. DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER

Light of a particular frequency f is incident on a metal surface. When the intensity

1.
of incident radiation is increased, the photoelectric current
11
1 (a) decreases
(b) increases
(c) remains unchanged
(d) sometimes increases and sometimes decreases.

2. Which of the following when falls on a metal will emit photoelectrons?

.
11 (a) UV radiations (b) Infrared radiation
1
(c ) Radio waves (d) Microwaves
(d) sometimes increases and sometimes decreases.

3.
If the intensity of incident radiation in a photo-cell is increased, how will the
1
stopping potential vary?
1
1
(a) increase. (b) decreases
.
(c) remains same. (d) becomes infinite

4. A proton and an electron have same kinetic energy. Which one has greater de-
1
1 Broglie wavelength and why?
1
.
5. Plot a graph showing the variation of stopping potential with the frequency of
11
1 incident radiation for two different photosensitive materials having work
functions W1 and W2 (W1 > W2). On what factors does the
(i) slope and
(ii) intercept of the lines depend?

17
..1
1 Marker Questions Book Class XII CBSE By: Sujeet Chhikara

..Chapter 12.. ATOM

1.
Which of the following transitions in hydrogen atoms emit photons of highest
11
1 frequency

(a) n = 2 to n = 6 (b) n = 2 to n = 1

(c) n = 6 to n = 2 (d) n = 1 to n = 2

2. The diagram shows the energy levels for an electron in a certain atom. Which
11
. transition shown represents the emission of a photon with the most energy?
1

(a) III (b) IV (c) I (d) II

3. An electron makes a transition from an excited state to the ground state of a

1
1 hydrogen- like atom/ion:
1
(a) kinetic energy, potential energy and total energy decrease
(b) kinetic energy decreases, potential energy increases but total energy remains
same.
(c) kinetic energy and total energy decrease but potential energy increases
(d) its kinetic energy increases but potential energy and total energy decrease

4.
. (4)
Anits kinetic energy
Alpha-particle of increases but potential
energy 5 MeV energy
is scattered and total
through 180°energy decrease
by a fixed uranium
1 nucleus. The distance of the closest approach is of the order of
1
1 (a) 1 A0 (b) 10-10 cm (c)10 -12 cm (d) 10 -15 cm

5. Using de Broglie’s hypothesis, explain, Bohr’s second postulate of quantization

11 of energy levels in a hydrogen atom.
1

18
. .1
1 Marker Questions Book Class XII CBSE By: Sujeet Chhikara

..Chapter 13.. Nuclei

1 Which of the following statements is incorrect about nuclear forces;

(a) They are strongest fundamental forces.

(b) They obey inverse square law
(c) They are spin dependent
(d) They are charge independent

.
2.
Uranium and hydrogen, both are used in nuclear reactions. The ratio of their
11
1 nuclear density is:

(a) 295:1
(b) 1:1
(c) 30:1
(d) 235:1

.
3.
When the number of nucleons in nuclei increases, the binding energy per
nucleon.

(a) increases continuously with mass number

(b) decreases continuously with mass number
(c) remains constant with mass number
(d) first increases and then decreases with increase of mass number.
.

4. Differentiate between Nuclear Fission and Fusion.wing through it.

11
1

5. The masses of neutron and proton are 1.0087 a.m.u. and 1.0073 a.m.u.
11
1
respectively. If the neutrons and protons combine to form a helium nucleus
(alpha particles) of mass 4.0015 a.m.u, find the binding energy of the helium
nucleus (1 a.m.u. = 931 MeV)?

19
.
..1
1 Marker Questions Book Class XII CBSE By: Sujeet Chhikara

..Chapter 14. Semiconductor Electronics

1.
11
The reading of an ammeter for a silicon diode in the given circuit is:
1

. (a) 11.5 mA (b) 13.5 mA (c) 0 (d) 15 mA.

2.
11 In a silicon p-n junction, the dominant mechanisms for motion of charge
1 carriers in forward and reverse bias:
(a) are drift and diffusion, respectively
(b) are diffusion and drift, respectively
(c) is drift in both
(d) is diffusion in both

3. A piece of copper and another piece of silicon are cooled down to 80 K from
11
1 room temperature. Then, the resistance of:

(a) copper decreases and silicon increases

(b) copper increases and silicon decreases

(c) both of them increases

(d) both of them decreases

.

20
.11
1
4. The contribution of electrons and holes in the total current flowing through a
1
1 semiconductor is 3/5 and 2/5 , respectively. If the drift velocity of the electrons is
1
2 times than that of the holes at a particular temperature, what is the ratio of
concentration of electron and holes:
(a) 5/2
(b) 6/5
(c) 5/3
(d) 3/4
.

5.
11 A p-n photodiode is fabricated from a semiconductor with a band gap of 2.5 eV. It
1
can detect a signal of wavelength:

(a) 4,000 nm (b) 6,000 nm (c) 4,000 Å (d) 6,000 Å

. Assertion and Reason

The questions given below consist of an assertion and the reason. Use the
following key to choose appropriate answer:

(a) If both assertion and reason are correct and reason is a correct
explanation of the assertion.

(b) If both assertion and reason are correct but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.

(c) If assertion is correct but reason is incorrect.

(d) If assertion is incorrect but reason is correct.

(e) If both assertion and reason are incorrect.

21
11
 6. Assertion: With the increase in temperature, the conductivity of intrinsic
11 semiconductors increases.
1
Reason: The increase in temperature results in increase in thermal energy which
cause electrons to jump to the conduction energy band.

7. Assertion: On application of forward bias, injection of charge carriers across the

11 space charge region takes place and a current is created in the p-n junction.
1
Reason: The electric field induced by the applied voltage is in opposite direction to
the thermal equilibrium space charge electric field
.

8. Assertion: Silicon is preferred over germanium in preparing diodes.

11
1 Reason: The number of free conduction electrons is significant in Si and small in
Ge at room temperature.
.

. 9.
Assertion: When a pure semiconductor is doped with a trivalent impurity, the
11 number of holes becomes more than the number of electrons.
1
Reason: Electrons get recombined with the holes as their concentration increases
on addition of trivalent impurity. So, number of holes become more.
.

10.
Assertion: Ohm’s law is not obeyed by semiconductors.
.11
1 Reason: The rate of flow of charge in semiconductors depends both on applied
voltage and rate of availability of charge carriers
.

22
.1
11
 ANSWER AND SOLUTIONS: ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS

1.
Correct Option is A
Consider a hemisphere as below:

If the point is on a diameter away from the center and a uniformly positive
charged hemisphere is there, the electric field component parallel to
diameter will be canceled out. And perpendicular components will remain.
So, an electric field will be perpendicular to the diameter at a point away
from the center on diameter.

2.
The electrostatic field inside a conductor is zero because the electrostatic
field is due to the excess charge.

Atoms are electrically neutral so there is no excess charge on the atom.

If the charge is zero, then
E = kq/r2
Since q = 0, E = 0
.
q is the charge and r is the distance at any point from the charge.

3.
a) 6.25 × 1011

. 23
4.
Statement of Gauss Theorem.
Derivation of electric field intensity at a point due to uniformly charged straight
wire.

5. a) Definition of torque
.
Torque = P*E
Direction of torque is given by Right hand screw rule.
b) If the field is non uniform then net force acting on dipole will be
non-zero. Therefore, It will do translatory motion in the direction of
net electric field.
. c) (i) the dipole has a net force in the direction of increasing field
(ii) the net force on dipole is in the direction of decreasing field.

24
ANSWER AND SOLUTIONS: ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE

1
Before connection potential on outer surface of outer shell
1 1
V1 = 4𝜋𝜀0 [Q/2R+2Q/2R] =4𝜋𝜀0 [3Q/2R]

After connection charge Q goes to outer sphere.

Potential on outer surface of outer shell, total charge on the outer sphere is

. 3Q
1
V2=4𝜋𝜀0 [3Q/2R];

Potential Difference

V1 − V2 = 0

2. Correct Option (b)

11
1

3. (i) The capacitance increases to K times.

(ii) Potential difference between the plates becomes 1/K times.

(iii) Electric field E=V/d/d where V is the p.d. and d the separation between the

plates. As V decreases and d remains the same, electric field also decreases
.
to 1/K times

. (iv) Energy stored will be decreased. Energy is reduced to 1/K times the initial

energy.

25
4.

Let r, q and v be the radius, charge the potential of a small drop.

The total charge on the bigger drop is the sum of all charge on
small drops

Q = Nq

The volume of N small drops = N* 4/3 πr3

.
And for the bigger drop = 4/3 πR3

Hence,

4/3 πR3 = N*4/3 πr3

R = N1/3 r

So the potential on bigger drop

1 1 1
V = 4𝜋𝜀0 Q/R = 4𝜋𝜀0Nq/N1/3 r = N2/3 x 4𝜋𝜀0q/r

V = N raise to power 2/3 x v

And the capacitance C = 4πεoR

C = 4πεoN1/3 r

5.
(i) Derivation of capacitance for parallel plate capacitor for
11
1 dielectric slab (t<d)
(ii) Derivation of capacitance for parallel plate capacitor for
conducting slab (t<d)
(iii) Capacitance in case of metal is more as compared to dielectric
slab. Because for conducting slab K= ∞

26
 ANSWER AND SOLUTIONS: CURRENT ELECTRICITY

1
Given : ρB = 2 ρA dB =2 dA Where ρ= Resistivity and d = Diameter

.
If R A = R b

2. S = nP
11
Let R1 = R2 = R
1
S = 2R, P = R2 /2R
𝑛𝑥 𝑅 2
2R = 2𝑅

n=4

.
3. 𝑅1 𝑙
= 100−𝑙-------------------i
𝑅2
𝑅1 𝑙−10
= 100−(𝑖−10)--------------------ii
𝑅2

On solving I and ii eq we get L = 55cm

𝑅1 55
=
𝑅2 45
R1 + R2 =1000 Ω------------------------iii
. From i & iii R1 = 550 Ω

27
3.
4. In loop ABDA
10I1 + 10(2I1 -I) - 5(I -I1) = 0 -----(1)
In loop ADCA
10I1 + (I -I1) = 5 ----------------(2)
Solving equation 1 and 2 we get I = 0.7 A

5. I = neAVd, Vd = Distance(l)/time
11
1
𝑛𝑒𝐴𝑙
t= t=
𝐼 300

t = 0.907137 × 105 /300

t = 0.0030 × 105 Sec i.e. 300 sec or 5 min

28
.11
1
 ANSWER AND SOLUTIONS: MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT

1 a. Range needs to be converted from 0 V to 18 V.

𝑉
R = 𝐼𝑔 – G

= 18/ (3 × 10-3) – 12
= 6000 – 12
= 5988 Ω

.
2. ⃗ will be perpendicular to the direction of velocity 𝑣.
c. the direction of field 𝐵
11
1

3. θ nBA
Is = =
𝐼 𝑘
nBA
Vs =
𝑘𝑅

voltage sensitivity depends on current sensitivity as well as resistance. So, if we

. increase current sensitivity, resistance may or may not vary. For example- if we
increase current sensitivity by increasing the number of turns in the coil, the
resistance will also increase. Hence, the voltage sensitivity may not be affected
.
in this case. If the current sensitivity and resistance increase or decrease in the
same ratio there will be no change in voltage sensitivity.

4.
• In an electromagnetic wave, the electric and magnetic waves run perpendicular
to each other and also perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave.
𝑬
• 𝒄=𝑩

• E = 5×103
• B = 0.1 T

v = (5×103)/0.1 = 5 × 10⁴ m/s

. •

29
5.
11
1

6. (b) 3:2
11
1
.

7.
11

30
 ANSWER AND SOLUTIONS: MAGNETISM

1. (d)

2.
11
1

3. (a) When a diamagnetic material cooled to very low temperatures, it is unaffected

. because it is independent of temperature.

(b) When cooled, the tendency of the thermal agitation to disrupt the alignment of
magnetic dipoles decrease in case of paramagnetic materials. Hence, they
display greater magnetisations.

4.
.

This distinguishing feature is because of the difference in their relative

. permeabilities. The relative permeability of the diamagnetic substance is
negative; so, the magnetic lines of force do not prefer passing through the
substance. The relative permeability of a paramagnetic substance is greater
than 1; so, the magnetic lines of force prefer passing through the substance.

5. Material Susceptibility Permeability Coercivity Example

11
Dia -1≤χ<0 0 ≤ μr <1 High Gold
1
Para 0<χ<ε 1<μr<1+ε Low Nickel
Ferro Χ>>1 μr>>1 V. Low Cobalt

. 31
.11
 ANSWER AND SOLUTIONS: EMI

1 b

2. d
11
1

3. The wire is expanding to form a circle, which means that force is acting outwards
. on each part of the wire because of the magnetic field (acting in the downwards
direction). The direction of the induced current should be such that it will produce
magnetic field in upward direction (towards the reader). Hence, the force on the
wire will be towards inward direction, i.e., induced current is flowing in
. anticlockwise direction in the loop from c-b-a-d-c.

4. Let a current I flow through the coil having radius r2. The magnetic field through
the coil having radius r1 is,

.
M=

5.
11
1

32
11
 ANSWER AND SOLUTIONS: AC

1 R and L cause phase difference to lie between 0 and π/2 but never 0 and π/2 at
extremities

2. c
11
1
3. d

.
4. d

5. a. Transformer cores are laminated to reduce the eddy current

11
b. Thick copper wires are used to reduce the heat loss
1 .

33
11
1
 ANSWER AND SOLUTIONS: EMW

1. (b) moving in a circular orbit

2. (a) zero

3. (d) √2𝐸

4. (d) E×B

5. (i) UV radiation (λ1)

(ii) Microwaves(λ2)
(iii) Gamma rays (λ3)

6. (a) Electric field is directed along negative x- direction. Hence the direction
of motion is along the negative y- direction.
(b) From the given equation, K= 1.8 rad/m; λ = 2𝜋/K =3.49
(c) Frequency of wave is v = 𝜔/2𝜋= 8.6×105 Hz = 86Mhz
(d) Bo =Eo/c = 103nT
(e) Magnetic wave is directed along –z
̂
direction.B = 1.03×10-7 cos(1.8y+5.4×106t)𝐾

7.
After Maxwell thought of a case in which the law is not valid, there came
some inconsistency in Ampere’s circuital law. Maxwell removed this
inconsistency and introduced additional terms to the original Ampere’s law,
called displacement current and hence since that, the law is called Maxwell
Ampere’s law.
Ampere’s law (original) - ∮B .dl→=μ∘i

Maxwell Ampere’s law - ∮B.dl→=μ∘i+μ∘id

Now, displacement current – Whenever there is a change in the electric

field (and hence electric flux) in the region, it results in a special type of
current inthe region, called displacement current. Mathematically it is
proportional to the rate of change of electric flux in the region.

34
.1
i.e. id = μ∘(dϕE/dt)

Now, coming to inconsistency:

In the original Ampere’s law: ∮B .dl→=μ∘i

‘i’ is the current enclosed by the loop. In the case of a normal complete
circuit, current enclosed is the actual current flowing in the circuit and if
the battery voltage is constant, there can’t be any change in electric
field. Thus displacement current in that case is zero. In these types of
cases, law is valid.

But, if we take the loop (see loop2 in the figure) enclosing half of the
capacitor in a capacitive circuit, then the current enclosed in the circuit
is zero as no current flows in circuit through capacitor (Note that it flows
through the circuit only till capacitor charge fully, after that it stops
flowing in the circuit too). Hence in that case i =0.
But we can take both the loops and the laws must be valid. This was the
consistency.
The explanation of this was that when a battery is connected to the
capacitor, the electric flux linked with it changes and hence
displacement current is generated.
Hence for second loop, law becomes ∮B .dl→=μ∘id

35
11
1
9. (a)An oscillating charge produces an oscillating electric field in
space whichfurther produces an oscillating magnetic field which in
turn is a source of electric field. These oscillating electric and
magnetic field, hence, keep on regenerating each other and an
electromagnetic wave is produced.
(b)

(b)

10 (a)Infra-red waves are also known as heat waves because they raise the
.2.
11 temperature of the object on which they fall. They also affect the photographic
1 plate and are readily absorbed by most materials.

(b) Consider a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the

wave. An electric charge, on the plane, will be set in motion by the
electric and magnetic fields of EM wave, incident on this plane. This
illustrates that EM waves carry energy and momentum.

36
.11
 AMSWER AND SOLUTIONS: RAY OPTICS

1. (a) 7.50

2. (d) change in the focal length of eye lens

11
1
3. (c) real, inverted and magnified

4. .

-Distance between the objective mirror and the secondary mirror, d= 20 mm

Radius of curvature of the objective mirror,

.
. Hence, focal length of the objective mirror,
Radius of curvature of the secondary mirror, R1 = 140 mm
.

Hence, focal length of the secondary mirror,

The image of an object placed at infinity, formed by the objective mirror, will
act as a virtual object for the secondary mirror.

Hence, the virtual object distance for the secondary mirror,

= 110-20
= 90 mm
Applying the mirror formula for the secondary mirror, we can calculate
image distance (v)as:

Hence, the final image will be formed 315 mm away from the secondary
mirror.

37
11
1
5.
11 The phenomenon of reflection of light to the same medium when a ray of light
1 traveling from a denser to rarer medium provided the angle of incidence is
greater than the critical angle is called total internal reflectio

Advantages
1. It does require silvering
2. Multiple reflections do not take place in a reflecting prism due to this; only
one image is formed, which is very bright.

38
11
1
 ANSWER AND SOLUTIONS : WAVE OPTICS

1.
a. In Air
c = air
3 𝑋 108
air = 14 𝑋 1014 = 2.14 x 10-7 m
𝐷
= 𝑑
2.14 𝑋 10−7 𝑋 1
air = = 5.35 mm
0.4 𝑋 10−3
.

b. In Water
2.14 𝑋 10−7
water = air / nwater = = 1.61 x 10-7 m
4/3
𝐷
= 𝑑
1.61 𝑋 10−7
water = = 0.40 mm
0.4 𝑋 10−3

2.  = 4000 x 10-10 m
11
1 D=2m
a = 3 x 10-3 m
3 𝑋 10−3
= = 1.5 x 10-3 rad
2

 = /a = 1.5 x 10-3

4000 𝑋 10−10
a= = 0.26 mm
1.5 𝑋 10−3

.
3. d. R > G > B

since,   

4. c. 25 I and I
Imax = (√𝐼1 + √𝐼2 )2 = 25 I

Imin = (√𝐼1 − √𝐼2 )2 = I

.

5. b.
11
1
. 39
ANSWER AND SOLUTIONS: DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER

1 (b) The photoelectric current α Intensity of light.

2. (a) Emission of electron from a substance under the action of light is photoelectric
11
effect. Light must be at a sufficiently high frequency. It may be visible light, U.V,
1
X-rays. So U.V. cause electron emission.

3. Remains same. Stopping Potential depends on frequency and not Intensity.

.
4. 1
Kinetic Energy of a Particle E=2 𝑚𝑣2

𝑚𝑣 = √2𝑚𝐸
ℎ ℎ
De Broglie Wavelength 𝜆 = 𝑚𝑣 =
√2𝑚𝐸
.

1
For a given value of E, 𝜆 =
5. . √𝑚
11
Mass of electron < mass of a proton
1

Slope is constant and depends on h/e

Intercept gives value of Wo/e

40
 ANSWER AND SOLUTIONS : ATOM

1 Highest frequency emission will be of maximum energy difference.

Energy difference is more in n=2 to n=1

2. (1) III ie n=3 to 1

11
1
.
3. (1) kinetic energy, potential energy and total energy decrease

4. q1q2
- E=
4πε0r

5.
According to de-Broglie, a stationary orbit is that which contains an integral
11
1 number of de-Broglie waves associated with the revolving electron.
For the permissible orbit, 2лrn = nλ
2лrn = nh/mv
Mvr =nh/2л

41
11
1
 ANSWER AND SOLUTIONS: NUCLEI

1 b

2. b
11
1
3. d

4. 1. Big nucleus breaking into two or more parts is Fission whereas two or
. more smaller nuclei joining to form a big nucleus is Fusion.
2. Fission is harmful as it involves radioactive elements
3. Fission can be controlled but Fusion cannot be.
4. Any reaction.
.
.
5. B.E. = ∆mc2 = ∆ × 931 MeV = [2(1.0087 + 1.0073) – 4.0015] × 931 = 28.4 MeV
11 .
1

42
.11
1
ANSWER AND SOLUTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRONICS

.
(a)

2. (b) are diffusion and drift, respectively

11
1
3. (d) both of them decreases

4.

.
.

5.
11
1

6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10(a)

43
.