(Edu - Joshuatly.com) Trial Kelantan STPM 2012 Biology (0FF2679E)

JABATAN PELAJARAN KELANTAN
JALAN DOKTOR, 15000 KOTA BHARU.

TRIAL EXAMINATION
2012
BIOLOGY (BIOLOGI)
SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA
(MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL EDUCATION)
PAPER 1 (KERTAS 1)
MULTIPLE-CHOICE (ANEKA PILIHAN)
One hour and forty-five minutes (Satu jam empat puluh lima minit)
Instructions to candidates:
DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU TOLD TO DO SO
There are fifty questions in this paper. For each question, four suggested answers are given.
Choose one correct answer and indicate it on the multiple-choice answer sheet provided.
Read the instructions on the multiple-choice answer sheet very carefully.
Answer all questions. Marks will not be deducted for wrong answers.
Arahan kepada calon :
JANGAN BUKA BUKU SOALAN INI SEHINGGA ANDA DIBENARKAN BERBUAT
DEMIKIAN
Ada lima puluh soalan dalam kertas ini. Bagi setiap soalan, empat cadangan jawapan
diberikan. Pilih satu jawapan yang betul dan tandakan jawapan itu pada helaian jawapan
aneka pilihan yang dibekalkan.
Baca arahan pada helaian jawapan aneka pilihan itu dengan teliti.
Jawab semua soalan. Markah tidak akan ditolak bagi jawapan yang salah.
___________________________________________________________________________
This question paper consists of 16 printed pages
(Kertas soalan ini terdiri daripada 16 halaman bercetak)
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Section A
Four suggested answers labeled A, B, C, and D are given for each question. Choose one
correct answer.
1. Which of the following properties of water are important for the temperature regulation in
mammals?
I
High latent heat of vaporisation
II Highest density at 4C
III High heat capacity
IV High surface tension
A I and II
B I and III
C I and IV
D II and IV
2. Proteins can function as a buffer because

A proteins contains peptide bonds
B proteins are non-polar molecules
C proteins are soluble in water
D proteins are amphoteric molecules
3. Saturated fatty acids differ from unsaturated fatty acids in

A the presence of double covalent bond in the fatty acids
B the physical condition of the fatty acid at room temperature
C the number of oxygen atoms in the fatty acids
D the branching or linear shape of the fatty acids
4. Which of the following is correct for the components and their functions?
I
Lecithin acts as a receptor to molecules such as hormone
II Cholesterol maintain the fluid characteristic of the membrane
III Smooth endoplasmic reticulum detoxification in liver cells
IV Phloem translocation of organic products of photosynthesis
A I and II
B II and IV
C I, II and IV
D II, III and IV
5. Which of the following structure is usually found in animal cells?
I
Lysosome
II Plastids
III Microtubules
IV Centrioles
A I and II
B I and III
C I and IV
D I, III and IV
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6. Which of the following statements are true about non-competitive inhibitors?

I
Bind temporarily on the active site of the enzyme
II Reduce the Km value only if the substrate concentration is low
III The Km value of the enzyme remains the same
IV Cyanide is the example of a non-competitive inhibitor
A I and II
B I and IV
C III and IV
D II, III and IV
7. Which of the following is not a stop codon?

A UAA
B UGA
C UAG
D AUG
8. What are the advantages of light independent process in C4 compared to C3 plants?

I
In the bundle sheath cells, the effectiveness of RuBP carboxylase is increased
II PEP carboxylase has higher affinity towards carbon dioxide compared to RuBP
carboxylase
III The first product of the light independent process in C4 is a four carbon molecules
IV Increases photorespiration
A I and II
B I and IV
C II and III
D I, II and IV
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9.
The following diagram shows a scheme for the light reaction of photosynthesis.
Z
primaryacceptor
H+
Y
Pq
2e
ferredoxin
Cytochromecomplex
2e
Pc
PhotosystemI
PhotosystemII
sunlight
X
2e
sunlight
W
Which of the following substances are represented by W, X, Y and Z in the scheme?
W
X
Y
Z
ADP
ATP
O2
A NADP
ADP
ATP
O2
NADPH
B
O2
ADP NADPH
H2 O
C
H2O
O2
ATP NADPH
D
10.
What will become of all carbons from a glucose molecule after it is completely oxidised?
A Pyruvate
B Carbohydrate
C Carbon dioxide
D Acetyl coenzyme A
11. Which of the following statements are true about anaerobic respiration in plants?
I 2 ATP are produced
II 4 ATP are produced
III The end product are ethanol and carbon dioxide
IV NADH is used in the reduction of pyruvate
A I and IV
B II and III
C II, III, and IV
D I, III and IV
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12.
Which of the following is a hydrogen donor in the biosynthesis of purple sulphur bacteria and
green sulphur bacteria?
A Water
B Hydrogen sulphide
C NADH
D Hydrocarbon compound
13.
Changes of hydrogen ion concentration in cerebrospinal fluid in the brain is detected by the
A peripheral chemoreceptor
B central chemoreceptor
C aortic body
D carotid body
14.
In Bohrs effect, the affinity of haemoglobin towards oxygen is reduced because

A haemoglobin acts as pH buffer in erythrocytes
B high concentration of CO2 altered the shape of haemoglobin
C ferum ion in haemoglobin is attracted to chloride ions that diffuses into erythrocytes
D the concentration of carbamino-haemoglobin increases in erythtrocytes
15.
The pressure changes in the aorta, left ventricle and left atrium are shown in the graph below.
In which of the following segments A, B, C or D, is the semilunar valve of aorta open?
16.
Which of the following statements about transpiration pull is true?

I It is an energy dependent process.
II It is caused by evaporation of water molecules through the stoma.
III It is affected by relative density of atmosphere.
IV It involves the movement of water molecules from vessels into the atmosphere.
A II and III
B III and IV
C II, III and IV
D I, II, III and IV
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17. The main function of a stoma to

A respond to the environmental stress
B allow the diffusion of gas into the mesophyll cell
C allow the diffusion of gas while regulating water loss
D regulate the movement of water during transpiration
18. What the is the name given to the route taken by lactate produced in the skeleton muscle
to liver where it is converted into glucose ?
Carried by
bloodstream
to liver
Lactate
pyruvate
A
B
C
D
glucose
glycogen
Calvin Cycle
Cori Cycle
Krebs Cycle
Hatch-Slack Cycle
19.
Which of the following is the effect of ADH on nephrons?

A Increase the permeability of the proximal convoluted tubule to water
B Increase the permeability of the proximal convoluted tubule to Na+ ions
C Increase the permeability of the distal convoluted tubule to water
D Increase the permeability of the distal convoluted tubule to Na+ ions
20.
The following table shows the concentration of the main ions inside and outside of the
nerve cell during resting potential.
Ion
Na+
ClK+
Concentration in the cell mol dm3

15
10
150
Concentration outside cell mol dm3

150
110
5
What would happen when the nerve receives the correct stimulus ?
A
B
C
D
Na+ ions will enter the cell

K+ ion will enter the cell
Na+ ion will leave the cell
Na+ and Cl- ions will enter the cell
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21. Which of the following are the functions of the synapse

I To connect two neurons
II To act as the impulse inhibition site
III To increase the rate of propagation of impulse
IV To prevent excessive stimulation through the fatigue process
I and II
A
I and IV
B
C II and III
D III and IV
22. Cocaine increases the amount of dopamine in synaptic cleft by

A binding to receptor sites on postsynaptic membrane
B binding to transporter protein that returns dopamine into presynaptic neurone
C preventing action of hydrolytic enzymes on dopamine in synaptic cleft
D binding to dopamine to increase its activity
23. Which statement is true about the role of progesterone in the menstrual cycle?
A Stimulates the development of Graafian follicle
B Causes ovulation
C Stimulates the remaining part of the Graafian follicle to develop into the corpus
luteum
D Maintain the thickness of the endometrium
24.
A
C
Green bananas change colour when expose to the hormone

Absisic acid
B Auxin
ethylene
D cytokinine
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25. The table below shows several plant hormones and their roles
Hormone
Gibberellic acid
Role of hormone
(a) To stimulate the transportation of nutrients from the leaves
to other parts of the plant
II Cytokinin
(b) To stimulate the closing of stomata under physiological

stress
III Auxin
(c) To stop the growth of the adventitious root
IV Abscisic acid
(d) As a fruit ripening agent
V Ethene
(e) To stimulate cell division of the lateral cambium during

secondary growth
Which of the following is correct for the hormones and their roles?
I
II
III
IV
V
(b)
(d)
A (c) (a) (e)
(b)
(d)
B (a) (c) (e)
(e)
(d)
C (b) (c) (a)
(e)
(d)
D (b) (a) (c)
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26. The diagram below shows the immune response in human body
Which statement about the diagram is true?

A Cell X excretes lymphokine, then divides to form cells Y and Z in the presence of
Substance T.
B Cell Z responds quickly towards the repeated infection of a particular disease.
C Cell Y prepares other lymphocytes to produce antibodies.
D Substance S regulates lymphocytes involved in the immune response.
27. Which of the following are true of B cell?

I It forms immunity through the humoral response.
II It forms immunity through the cell mediated mechanism.
III It is produced and it achieves maturity in the bone marrow.
IV It is produced in the bone marrow and it achieves maturity in the thymus gland.
Which of the following is correct for the hormones and their roles?
A I and III
B
I and II
II and IV
III and IV
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28 The table below shows three animals and its way of reproduction.
Animal
Rat
Way of reproducing
(a) External fertilisation
II
Frog
(b) Partenogenesis
III Bee
(c) Viviparity
Which of the following is correct match for the ways of reproduction?

I
II
III
A (c) (b) (a)
29
(a) (b)
(c)
(c)
(a)
(b)
(b) (a)
(c)
The table below shows three organs and the germinal layers that formed them.
Organ
Spinal cord
Germinal layer
(a) Endoderm
II Kidney
(b) Mesoderm
III Liver
(c) Ectoderm
Which of the following is correct match for the above three organs and germinal layers that
formed them?
I
II
III
(b)
A (a) (c)
B
(b) (a)
(c)
(b) (c)
(a)
(c) (b)
(a)
30. If a diploid state is represented by D and a haploid state is represented by H,which of the
following is the correct match for the number of chromosome to the parts of plant structures.
A
B
C
D
Polar nucleus
D
D
H
H
Tube nucleus
D
H
D
H
Anther
H
H
H
H
Cell of pericarp
D
D
H
D
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Cell of testa
D
H
H
D
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31
Which class of organism displays an intermittent growth pattern?

A Insecta
B Mammalia
C Reptilia
D Amphibia
32 Which of the following pairs of parents can produce children with O blood group?
I
AxB
II
AxO
III AB x O
A
B
C
D
I and II
I and III
II and III
I,II and III
33 What is allele frequency?

A It is all the alleles at all gene loci in all individuals of the population.
B It is the frequency of each genotype in the population.
C
It is the proportion of the total of a certain allele to the total number of all the
alleles in the gene pool.
It is the proportion of an allele to the total number of phenotypes in the gene

pool.
34 In a population of cows at genetic equilibrium, 750 cows have dominant grey coat,
while the remaining 250 cows have recessive white coat. What is the number of
cows with heterozygous genotype?
A 250
B 500
C 750
D 1000
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35
The cystic fibrosis ailment on the pancreas is a condition of recessive

homozygous. If one in every 2000 individuals in a population suffers from this
ailment, what is the frequency of the gene in that population?
A 0.005
B 0.001
C 0.022
D 0.044
36
The following are the enzymes produced in Escherichia coli

I
transacetylase
II
B-galactosidase
III
lactose permease
Which of the following is the correct match between the structural genes and the
enzymes that they code?
Lac Z
Lac Y
Lac A
II
III
II
III
III
II
III
II
37 What are inducible enzymes?

A Enzymes that are constantly synthesized and are not dependent on the presence
of inducers.
B Enzymes that are regularly produced but can be turned off in the presence of
repressors.
C Enzymes synthesized in the presence of specific molecules called inducers.
D Enzymes that are regularly produced but can be turned off in the presence of
corepressors.
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38 Which of the following sequences can form a palindrome?

A GGCATC
B GGCGCC
C GGCCGG
D GGGCCC
39 The following shows the steps taken during a DNA fingerprinting process.
I DNA treated with endonuclease.
II Fragments separated by gel electrophoresis.
III Radioactive probes with complementary base sequence are added.
IV Exposed to X-ray film.
The correct sequence of the steps above is
A III, I, II, IV
B I, II, III, IV
C II, I, IV, III
D I, II, IV, III
40
Which of the following are the examples of transgenic organism?

I
Pseudomonas bacteria strain that can break down hydrocarbons
II
Sheep that produces milk with human growth hormone
III
Rhizobium bacteria in root nodules that have the ability to fix nitrogen
IV
Plants that are resistant to glyphosate
I, II and III
II, III and IV
I, II and IV
I, II, III and IV
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41
Which of these is the importance of limitation enzyme action in the technology of DNA
recombinant?
A Limiting the cDNA cloning
B Uniting the chromosome and the plasmid
C Ensuring the randomization of the cutting of DNA sequence
D Ensuring the inter complimentaries of the ends of source DNA fragment and
DNA plasmid
42
Taxonomist took out Mucor from the kingdom plantae and put it under the kingdom
Fungi because
A Mucor is mycelial
B Mucor is heterotropic
C Mucor reproduces by means of spores production
D Mucor does not produce flowers, seeds, or fruits
43
The table below shows four organisms and their specific structures
organisms
Specific structures
I Pheretima
(a) Setae
II Euglena
(b) Radula
III Penaeus
(c) Chloroplast
IV Helix
(d) Telson
Which of the following is correct for the organisms and their specific structures?
I
II
III
IV
(c)
(d)
(b)
A (a)
(a)
(c)
(d)
B (b)
(d)
(c)
(a)
C (b)
(a)
(b)
(c)
D (d)
44
Two plants which belong to different families must also belong to different
A Phyla
B Classes
C Order
D Genera
45
Which of the following characteristics is common to both echinoderms and chordates?

A The embryo undergoes radial cleavage
B The gametes are produced by meiosis
C They are triploblastic
D They reproduce sexually only
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46
The diagram below shows the distribution of human blood groups in a population
Human blood group is an example of

A continuous variation
B discontinuous variation
C extrinsic isolation
D intrinsic isolation
47
The diagram represents the gain and loss of energy (arbitral unit) between one leaf and
the air atmosphere. Based on the data given, the Net Primary Production is
A 30 units
B 60 units
C 90 units
D 270 units
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48
The strongest competition between the different species occurs if they reside in the
same
A Biome
B Habitat
C niche
D community
49
The total product or biomass of an organism is determined by the nutrients or resources

that exist in minimum concentration as compared to other resources that needed. Which
of the following correctly explains the above statement?
A Hardy-Weinberg Law
B Gause Law
C Liebigs Law
D Shelfords Law
50
The table below shows the data that is obtained from the capture-recapture technique
for a population of grasshoppers in field
sample
Number
Number of grasshoppers captured,

marked and released in the first capture
120
Number of grasshoppers captured in the

second capture
60
Number of marked grasshoppers

recaptured
40
What is the estimated grasshopper in that field?

A 20
B 80
C 140
D 180
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Identity card number:.
Centre number :
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TRIAL 2012
BIOLOGY
PAPER2
STRUCTURE AND ESSAY
Two and a half hours
JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI KELANTAN

SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA
For examiners use
Instructions to candidates:
DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU
ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
Answer all questions in Section A. Write your answers in the
spaces provided.
Answer any four questions in Section B. Write your answers on
the answer sheets provided. Begin each answer on a fresh sheet
of paper and arrange your answers in numerical order. Tie your
answer sheets to this question paper.
Section A
1
2
3
4
Section B
Answers should be illustrated by large and clearly labeled

diagrams wherever suitable.
Answers may be written in either English or Bahasa Malaysia.
Total
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2
Section A [40 marks]
Answer all questions in this section
1. Figure below is a diagrammatic model of a section of cell surface membrane.
(a) (i) State the name usually given to this model.
[1 mark]
(ii) Give two reasons why it is so called.
[2 marks]
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(b) Name the structures labeled A, B and C.
[3 marks]
A :
B :
C :
(c) What is the function of the channel labeled in the diagram?
[1 mark]
(d) Many substances are said to be actively transported across membranes. Explain what
is meant by active transport.
[2 marks]
(e) Suggest one possible function of the carbohydrate chains attached to the surface of
the membrane.
[1 mark]
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2
The diagram below shows a section through a mitochondrion as seen using an electron
microscope.
(a)
Name the parts labelled A, B and C.
[3 marks]
A :..................................................
B :...............
C: ...
(b)
(i)
Use the letters on the diagram to locate the part of the mitochondrion,
where oxidative phosphorylation occur.
[1 mark]
(ii)
Explain briefly what is meant by oxidative phosphorylation.
[3 marks]
....
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(c) Calculate the actual length of the mitochondrion , if the magnification is

x70000. Show your working and give your answer in suitable units.
marks]
[3
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3
The graph below shows the change in membrane potential during the passage of a nerve
impulse.
(a)
(i)
What is meant by the resting membrane potential of an axon?
[1 mark]
(ii)
What is the value of the resting potential?
[1 mark]
(b) Which labelled part of the graph corresponds to:

(i) depolarization of the axon membrane?
[1 mark]
(ii) repolarisation of the axon membrane?
[1 mark]
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(c) Describe briefly what happens to the axon membrane:

(i) At P
[2 marks]
........
(ii) At R
[2 marks]
................
(d) Explain why the membrane is more negative at S.
[2 marks]
..
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4.
The pedigree below shows the inheritance of red-green colour blindness .Red-green
colour blindness is a sex-linked recessive condition. The gene for colour blindness is carried on
the X-chromosome.
(a) Why is X linkage more common than Y linkage?
[2 marks]
(b) Assuming that the alleles C and c control the expression of the trait, state the
genotype of the following individuals labelled A, B, C, D and E.
[5 marks]
A:.
B:.
C:.
D:..
E:..
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(c) By means of a genetic diagram , what is the probability of a red green colur blindness
father and a mother carrying the allele for red green colour blindness having a red
green colour blindness daughter?
[3 marks]
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10
Section B [60 marks]

Answer any four questions in this section
5
(a) Draw and label the general structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
[2 marks]
(b) DNA replicates during interphase. Describe this process.
[13 marks]
Describe the process that occurs at the granum of chloroplast.
[15 marks]
7
(a) Describe the process of ultrafiltration and selective reabsorption that occurs in the
kidney.
[11 marks]
(b) Explain how the kidney produces urine that is more concentrated than blood.
[4 marks]
8
Some organisms overcome the harsh conditions of the environment by hibernation,
aestivation or diapauses. Explain the importance of each of the phenomenom for the survival in
animals.
[15 marks]
(a) What is meant by vector in DNA cloning? State the characteristics of this vector.
[5 marks]
(b) Describe how DNA cloning is carried out by bacteria.
[10 marks]
10
(a) Describe the genetic and environmental factors that cause variation in an organism.
[12 marks]
[3 marks]
(b) Explain the importance of variation in a population.
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11
JABATANPELAJARANNEGERIKELANTAN
PEPERIKSAANKENDALIANBERASASKANSEKOLAH(TRIAL)
TINGKATAN6TAHUN2012
MARKINGSCHEME
BIOLOGY(PAPER2)
STRUCTUREANDESSAY
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12
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Marking Scheme
1(a)(i)
fluid mosaic model
1
[1 mark]
(ii)
scattered mosaic arrangement of proteins that float in the phospholipid layer
The lipid and protein molecules can move laterally (and rotate on their axis)
1
[2marks]
(b)
A : phopholipid bilayer
B : extrinsic/peripheral protein
C : intrinsic protein
1
[3 marks]
(c)
To allow transport of polar molecules and ions across the membrane by 1

facilitated diffusion
[1 mark]
(d)
Movement of polar molecules/ions across the membrane
Against the concentration gradient
Requires ATP
1
Any 2 pt
[2 marks]
(e)
For cell recognition
To act as receptors/binding sites for chemical signals
For cell adhesion /to stick the correct cells together
1
Any 1 pt
[1 mark]
Total:
[10
marks]
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2
(a)
A : matrix
B : cristae/inner membrane
C : intermembrane space
1
[3 marks]
(b)
(i)
1
[1mark]
(ii) electrons flow through a series of electron carriers/ ETS
electrons are transferred to the final electron acceptor oxygen producing water
ATP is generated from ADP and phosphate inorganic
1
[3 marks]
Length on photograph : 79mm

(c)
Actual length = observed size
Magnification
= 79 x 103 m
70000
= 1.13 m
1
[3 marks]
Total :10
3
(a)(i)
Is the potential difference between the inside and outside of an axon membrane 1
when the axon is in a resting state
[1mark]
(ii) - 70mV
1
[1mark]
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(b)(i)
[1mark]
(ii) R
1
[1mark]
(c) (i)
More Na+ ions channels open //influx/rapid diffusion of Na+ ions into the axon
Membrane is polarized/ potential inside the membrane is positive
1
[2 marks]
(ii) K+ions channels open//K+ ions diffuse out of the axon
Membrane is repolarised/potential inside the membrane becomes negative 1

again
[2 marks]
(d)
Sodium channels are closed and potassium channels remain opened
K+ ions continue to flow out
1
[2 marks]
Total:10
4 (a)
The X chromosome is much larger than Y chromosome
Carries genes for non-sexual characteristics as well as those determining sex
1
[2 marks]
(b)
A : XCY
B : XCXC
C : XCXC
D : XcXc
E : XcY
1
[5 marks]
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(c)
Male
Female
XCXc
(normal but carrier)
Gamet
XC
progeny
XCXc
female carrier
Xc
XcY
red green colour blindness
Xc
XCY
male normal
XcXc
XcY
female RGB
probability of having a red green colour blindness daughter =
maleRGB
1
4
[3 marks]
Total: 10
(a)
Structure of DNA
Label
Diagram
1
[2 marks]
(b)
the method of DNA replication is proposed by Watson and Crick
is known as semi-conservative replication.
the hydrogen bonds between the bases break, the DNA double helix unwind
forming a replication fork
process is catalysed by enzyme helicase
each strand acts as a template for the formation of a new strand
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16
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DNA polymerase catalyses the synthesis of new daughter strand on the template 1
strand continuously
in the 5 to 3 direction
free DNA nucleotides join up to the exposed bases by specific base-pairing
adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine with guanine
the leading strand is synthesized continuously in a direction towards the 1

replication fork
the lagging strand is synthesized as a series of segments called Okazaki fragments
in a direction away from the replication fork
DNA ligase join the sugar-phosphate backbones of Okazaki fragments to form a 1

single strand
specific base pairing has ensured that two identical copies of the original DNA 1
have been formed
each new DNA molecule contains one old and one new strand
16 max 13
process that occurs at the granum of chloroplast is light reaction
reactions requiring light
i.
Light reaction takes place in two pathways i.e cyclic photophosphorylation and
non-cyclic photophosphorylation
Non-cyclic photophosphorylation
PSII/P680 absorbed light energy and the electrons become excited
electrons are accepted by the primary electron acceptors
electrons are then transferred to PS1/P700
through electrons transport system
in chemiosmosis process
PS1/P700 absorbed light energy and the electrons are excited
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17
CONFIDENTIAL*
electrons are transferred to the primary electrons acceptors
which is then transferred to NADP+ to produce NADPH
water molecules split up/photolysis of water take place
releasing electrons and H+
to replace electrons in PSII/P680
Cyclic photophosphorylation
PSI/P700 absorbed light energy which excite the electrons to a high energy
level
electrons are accepted by the primary electron acceptors
through electrons transport system
electrons are recycled back to PS1/P700
ATP is produced from ADP
1
19 max 15
7 (a)
Ultrafiltration
blood in the glomerulus undergoes ultra-filtration
in the glomerulus hydrostatic pressure is higher compared to the osmotic pressure
caused by the diameter of efferent arteriole which is smaller than the diameter of 1
afferent arteriole
the numerous tiny pores or fenestrations (0.1m in diameter) between the 1

endothelium cells of capillary walls permits many smaller molecules to pass
through
bigger molecules such as plasma protein and red blood cells are retained
in the blood
glomerular filtrate has a chemical composition similar to that of the blood plasma /
contains glucose, amino acids, vitamins, some hormones, urea, uric acid
,creatinine, ions and water but without white and red blood cells, platelets and
964/2
CONFIDENTIAL*
18
CONFIDENTIAL*
plasma protein molecules such as albumins and globulins

6 Max 4
Reabsorption
all glucose and amino acids are actively reabsorbed from the filtrate into the
proximal convoluted tubule cells
some sodium ions are actively reabsorbed here
a large volume of water are reabsorbed by osmosis from the tubule to the blood
(the descending limb is permeable to water)
water is drawn out by osmosis to the interstitial fluid in the medulla
the loss of water concentrates Na+ and Cl- in the descending limb
(the ascending limb is impermeable to water)
sodium and chloride ions diffuse out from the thin segment
the thick ascending limb actively transport sodium and chloride ions from the 1
filtrate into the medulla
this raises the osmotic concentration of the tissue fluid in the medulla
as a result water is reabsorbed from the collecting duct and descending limb by 1
osmosis
the loop of Henle functions as a countercurrent multiplier.
active reabsorption of sodium ,chloride and calcium ions ions occur in the distal 1
convoluted tubule
11 max 7
(b)
Production of urine which is more concentrated than blood is
(b)
due to uptake of water by osmosis from the glomerular filtrate into the blood 1
cappilaries
occurs as a result of increased permeabilities of the walls of convoluted distal 1

tubule and collecting ducts to water
964/2
CONFIDENTIAL*
CONFIDENTIAL*
19
caused by the presence of ADH/anti-diuretic hormone
diffusion of urea out of the collecting ducts into the interstitial region of the 1
medulla
1
increases the osmotic concentration resulting in the removal of water.
5 max 4
Total 15
Hibernation
isaperiodofrelativelylowmetabolicactivity
associatedwithperiodsoflowtemperature/inwinter
enableshibernatingspeciesofamphibian,reptiles,birdsandmammals
tosurviveattimeswhenfoodisinshortsupply/tosaveitsstoredfood
byreducingtheirenergydemandstoalowlevel
involvesafallinbodytemperaturetothatofenvironment
and a reduction in heart rate, ventilation rate, metabolic rate, growth and 1
development
1
Storedfatinthemammalstissuesareusedtoprovideenergy
for endotherm, hibernation is a way to maintain body temperature during cold 1

season
9 max 5
Aestivation
as response to drought season/hot/dry

eg: lungfish/amphibian/snail/worm/insect
can live in dry swamp/drought/summer by digging/move in mud
undergoaperiodofmetabolicinactivity
secrete a layer of slime which open on its lips to breathe atmosphericair
whichenablesthemtosurviveconditionsofextremedehydration
during aestivation period, the stored fat and part of muscle tissue/protein is used
964/2
CONFIDENTIAL*
20
CONFIDENTIAL*
7 max5
Diapause
Isaformofarresteddevelopmentshownbyinsects
Canoccuratanystageinthelifecycle:egg,larva,pupaoradult.
Main factors inducing diapause: daylength(photoperiod), food

availability,temperatureandmoisture.
Example:theSilkwormBombyxmorihasanembryonicdiapause(eggstage),
enterdiapausewhenexposetoperiodsoflongdaylength.
diapause occur to overcome unfavourable condition
organised its life cycle with environmental condition/food/light period/ organised

season/chances/mating period
1
1
6 max 5
Total :15
9 (a)
Vectors are:
- DNA molecules that is used to carry foreign DNA into a host cell.
- Examples : plasmids and the bacteriophage .
[2 marks]
Characteristics
- must be able to replicate its own DNA.
- must at least has one specific restriction sites that can be recognized by
restriction enzymes
(b)
- must carry at least a selectable marker gene; eg ampR (antibiotic resistance)
- can be easily extracted from its host/easier to insert into bacteria
- very small in size
5 max 3
Total: 5
- target DNA from the donor cells are isolated /extracted
964/2
CONFIDENTIAL*
21
CONFIDENTIAL*
- target DNA cleaved/cut into fragments
- by specific restriction / endonuclease enzymes
- DNA fragments require vectors/plasmids
- plasmids are cut/cleaved by the same restriction enzyme
- DNA fragments are inserted into the plasmid
- forming recombinant DNA
- using DNA ligase
- recombinant DNA are inserted into bacterial host cells
- by transformation /transduction
- amplification of recombinant plasmids/ copies of recombinant plasmids are
produced by replication
- screening of recombinant DNA
- the recombinant DNA /required plasmids are extracted from the bacterial
cell
13 max 10
Total :15
10 (a)
Geneticfactors
1
Sexualreproduction
sexualreproductioninvolvestheprocessesofmeiosisduringgameteformation
meiosisallowsgenestobereshuffled
occursduringprophaseIandmetaphaseI
during prophase I, crossing over occurs resulting in the exchange of genetic

materialsbetweentwohomologouschromosomes
duringmetaphaseI,segregationofchromosomesoccurs
combination of these two processes produces a wide variety of different

gametes.
fertilizationbetweenthevariedmaleandfemalegameteisrandom
1
1
1
1
1
964/2
CONFIDENTIAL*
22
CONFIDENTIAL*
zygoteproducedcontainsnumerouscombinationofgenotypes
Mutation
Geneandchromosomalmutation
Producesachangeinthegenotypes
whichcausestheappearanceofanewcharacteristics
1
1
Hybridisation
Acrossbetweenindividualbelongingtotwodifferentvarieties
producesindividualswithdifferenttraitsfromtheparents
generatingmorevariation
17 max 9
Environmentalfactors
Contributestovariablegeneexpressionamongindividuals
canonlycausechangesinthephenotype
Thecharacteristicsarenotinherited
Variationduetoenvironmentalsourcesisreversible
4 max3
Toatal: 12
(b)
Importanceofvariation:
Causessome individualsin a population to be better adapted for survival than
others
Enablesapopulationtoinhabitalargerrangeofhabitatandniche
A population with little variability has reduced capacity to adapt to

environmentalchanges
whichmayleadtotheextinctionofthepopulationorthewholespecies
1
1
1
isconsideredastherawmaterialfortheprocessofnaturalselection.
5 max 3
964/2
CONFIDENTIAL*
CONFIDENTIAL*
23
Total:15
964/2
CONFIDENTIAL*
Scheme : Biology Paper 1

1
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25
B
D
A
B
C
D
D
A
D
C
D
B
B
A
B
C
D
B
C
B
A
B
D
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A
26
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A
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D
B
A
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A
B
B
C
D
D

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(Edu - Joshuatly.com) Trial Kelantan STPM 2012 Biology (0FF2679E)

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JABATAN PELAJARAN KELANTAN

JALAN DOKTOR, 15000 KOTA BHARU.

2. Proteins can function as a buffer because

3. Saturated fatty acids differ from unsaturated fatty acids in

6. Which of the following statements are true about non-competitive inhibitors?

7. Which of the following is not a stop codon?

8. What are the advantages of light independent process in C4 compared to C3 plants?

In Bohrs effect, the affinity of haemoglobin towards oxygen is reduced because

Which of the following statements about transpiration pull is true?

17. The main function of a stoma to

Which of the following is the effect of ADH on nephrons?

Concentration in the cell mol dm3

Concentration outside cell mol dm3

Na+ ions will enter the cell

21. Which of the following are the functions of the synapse

22. Cocaine increases the amount of dopamine in synaptic cleft by

Green bananas change colour when expose to the hormone

(b) To stimulate the closing of stomata under physiological

(c) To stop the growth of the adventitious root

(d) As a fruit ripening agent

(e) To stimulate cell division of the lateral cambium during

Which statement about the diagram is true?

27. Which of the following are true of B cell?

Which of the following is correct match for the ways of reproduction?

Which class of organism displays an intermittent growth pattern?

33 What is allele frequency?

It is the proportion of an allele to the total number of phenotypes in the gene

The cystic fibrosis ailment on the pancreas is a condition of recessive

The following are the enzymes produced in Escherichia coli

37 What are inducible enzymes?

38 Which of the following sequences can form a palindrome?

Which of the following are the examples of transgenic organism?

Pseudomonas bacteria strain that can break down hydrocarbons

Sheep that produces milk with human growth hormone

Plants that are resistant to glyphosate

II, III and IV

I, II, III and IV

Which of the following characteristics is common to both echinoderms and chordates?

Human blood group is an example of

The total product or biomass of an organism is determined by the nutrients or resources

Number of grasshoppers captured,

Number of grasshoppers captured in the

Number of marked grasshoppers

What is the estimated grasshopper in that field?

JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI KELANTAN

Answers should be illustrated by large and clearly labeled

1. Figure below is a diagrammatic model of a section of cell surface membrane.

(a) (i) State the name usually given to this model.

(ii) Give two reasons why it is so called.

(b) Name the structures labeled A, B and C.

Name the parts labelled A, B and C.

where oxidative phosphorylation occur.

Explain briefly what is meant by oxidative phosphorylation.

(c) Calculate the actual length of the mitochondrion , if the magnification is

What is meant by the resting membrane potential of an axon?

What is the value of the resting potential?

(b) Which labelled part of the graph corresponds to:

(ii) repolarisation of the axon membrane?

(c) Describe briefly what happens to the axon membrane:

(a) Why is X linkage more common than Y linkage?

Section B [60 marks]

(b) DNA replicates during interphase. Describe this process.

Describe the process that occurs at the granum of chloroplast.