2

Section A [15 marks]

Answer all questions in this section.

Indicate the correct answer on the Multiple-Choice Answer Sheet provided.

1. Which sugar is a monosaccharide?

A. Galactose C. Maltose
B. Amylase D. Sucrose

2. Which statement is true of a prokaryotic cell?

A. Its DNA is associated with histone.
B. Its cell wall is made up of chitin.
C. Its cytoplasm possesses a simple protein network.
D. It contains rough endoplasmic reticulum only.

3. Keratin in human hair has high percentage of amino acid cysteine which is responsible for
the formation of straight or curly hair. Which is involved in the formation of this trait?
A. Ionic bond C. Disulphide bridge
B. Hydrogen bond D. Hydrophobic interaction

4. Which of the following is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A. Breaking down old and used organelles.
B. Synthesising phospholipids and cholesterol.
C. Transporting proteins produced by ribosomes.
D. Attaching carbohydrates to proteins, forming glycoproteins.

5. What is the common function of pilus and capsule in a prokaryotic cell?

A. Protection of cell.
B. Movement of the cell.
C. Pathogenicity of the cell.
D. Attachment to the surface of the cell.

6. Epithelial tissue found in the stomach lining is most likely to be

A. Columnar C. Simple squamous
B. Cuboidal D. Stratified squamous

7. Which statements about endocytosis are true?

I. Bulk transport of material is released out of a cell.
II. Plasma membrane invaginates inwards to form a vacuole.
III. ATP is required
IV. The plasma membrane of the cell becomes smaller.

A. I, II and III C. I, III and IV

B. II, III and IV D. I, II and IV
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8. The table below shows three organelles and their functions.

Organelle Function
I. Lysosome a. fatty acid oxidation
II. Mitochondrion b. coenzyme reduction
III. chloroplast c. autophagy
d. tissue digestion
e. photophosphorylation
f. oxidative phosphorylation

Match for the organelles with their functions.

I II III
A. (c), (d) (a),(e) (b),(f)
B. (b),(e) (c),(f) (a),(d)
C. (c),(d) (a),(f) (b),(e)
D. (d),(e) (a),(f) (b),(c)

9. Which of the following enzyme reactions are correct according to the International Union
of Biochemistry, IUB?
A. Oxidoreductase catalyses reactions by the transfer of oxygen, hydrogen and carbon
dioxide.
B. Lyase catalyses the hydrolysis of a substrate using water.
C. Ligase catalyses the formation of new bonds using energy from ATP.
D. Isomerase transfers atoms from one molecule to another.

10. Which class of enzyme does aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase belong to?

A. Oxidoreductase C. Lyase
B. Transferase D. Ligase

11. Which of the following about Michaelis-Menten constant (KM) is true?

A. With competitive inhibition, KM remains constant.
B. A high KM means that there is a high affinity between the enzyme and substrate.
C. A low KM means that there is a low affinity between the enzyme and substrate
D. It is the substrate concentration that sustains half maximum velocity.

12. A plant cell with Ψs of -0.7 MPa initially at incipient plasmolysis is immersed in pure
water. Which of the following is the Ψ, Ψs, and Ψp of the cell at equilibrium?

Ψ/MPa Ψs/MPa Ψp/MPa

A. -0.7 -0.7 0
B. 0 -0.7 -0.7
C. -0.7 0 -0.7
D. 0 0 0
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13. Where in the mitochondrion do the reactions of the electron transport chain occur?
A. In the space between the outer and inner membrane.
B. On the inner membrane.
C. Cytoplasm of cell.
D. In the mitochondrial matrix.

14. Which of the following about cyclic photophosphorylation and non-cyclic

photophosphorylation is correct?

Cyclic Non-cyclic Cylic and non-cyclic

photophosphorylation photophosphorylation photophosphorylation

A. Oxygen is produced ATP is produced NADPH is not formed

B. ATP is produced Oxygen is produced NADPH is not formed
C. NADPH is not formed Oxygen is produced ATP is produced
D. NADPH is not formed ATP is produced Oxygen is produced

15. Which of the following compound provides the carbon dioxide to cactus during the day?
A. Oxaloacetate C. Aspartate
B. Malate D, Pyruvate
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Section B [15 marks]

Answer all question in this section

16. About half of the world’s adult human population is lactose intolerant. Drinking cow’s
milk will make them sick. These people lack an enzyme called lactase found on the
plasma membranes of epithelial cells in the small intestine. The enzyme digests the sugar
called lactose, found in milk.

(a) The diagram shows a lactose molecule.

(i) Why is lactose described as disaccharide?

[1 mark]

(ii) On the diagram, draw a circle around the chemical bond which is hydrolysed
by lactase.
[1 mark]

(iii) The molecular formula of galactose is C6H12O6, what is the molecular

formula of lactose?

[1 mark]

Milk can now be treated with the enzyme lactase to reduce the amount of lactose present.
The diagram shows an industrial reactor used to produce lactose-reduced milk at 9oC.
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(b) (i) Suggest one advantage and one disadvantage of immobilising the lactase used in
this reaction.

Advantage:

Disadvantage :

[2 marks]

(ii) With regards to the way enzyme work, explain why it is necessary to pass the
milk through the reactor several times to reduce the amount of lactose sufficiently.

[3 marks]
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17. The diagram below shows the reaction of an anaerobic respiration.

(a) Name the energy P and molecule Q.

P:

Q:
[2 marks]

(b) Name the reaction that converts glucose to pyruvate.

[1 mark]

(c) Name the overall process occur in the cell.

[1 mark]

(d) State three applications of this process in daily life.

[3 marks]
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Section C [30 marks]

Answer any two questions from this section.

18. (a) Describe four properties of water and relates its physiological roles in the organism.
[10 marks]

(b) State one similarity and one difference between a triglyceride and and a steroid.
[2 marks]

(c) Draw a diagram to show the structure of cholesterol. State two functions of
cholesterol.
[3 marks]

19. (a) he electron transport chain is the final stage in the metabolic pathway of aerobic
respiration. Outline the role of each of the following molecules in the electron transport
chain.
(i) NADH
(ii) FADH2
(iii) ATP synthase
[6 marks]

(b) ATPs are synthesised at various stages along the glucose respiratory pathway.
Calculate and explain the net ATPs produced through the aerobic respiration of
glucose in liver cells.
[9 marks]

20. (a) Differentiate the metabolic pathways of C3 and C4 plants in carbohydrate synthesis.
[8 marks]
(b) Discuss how photosynthesis is a wasteful process in C3 plants.
[7 marks]