Power System

Protection
S.A.Soman
Overcurrent
Protection
Principle
Directional
Overcurrent
Protection

Distance
Protection
Principle

Differential
Protection
Principle
For Transmission
Lines

Power System Protection

S.A.Soman
Department of Electrical Engineering
IIT Bombay

For Tapped Lines

For Transformers
For Busbars

Summary

Power System Protection

Protection Paradigms - Apparatus Protection

Power System
Protection

Overcurrent Protection
Principle
Directional Overcurrent Protection

Distance Protection
Principle

Differential Protection
Principle
For Transmission Lines
For Tapped Lines
For Transformers
For Busbars

Summary

S.A.Soman
Overcurrent
Protection
Principle
Directional
Overcurrent
Protection

Distance
Protection
Principle

Differential
Protection
Principle
For Transmission
Lines
For Tapped Lines
For Transformers
For Busbars

Summary

Protection Paradigms - Apparatus Protection

Power System
Protection

Overcurrent Protection
Principle
Directional Overcurrent Protection

Distance Protection
Principle

Differential Protection
Principle
For Transmission Lines
For Tapped Lines
For Transformers
For Busbars

Summary

S.A.Soman
Overcurrent
Protection
Principle
Directional
Overcurrent
Protection

Distance
Protection
Principle

Differential
Protection
Principle
For Transmission
Lines
For Tapped Lines
For Transformers
For Busbars

Summary

Protection Paradigms - Apparatus Protection

Power System
Protection
S.A.Soman
Overcurrent
Protection
Principle
Directional
Overcurrent
Protection

Distance
Protection
Principle

Differential
Protection
Principle
For Transmission
Lines
For Tapped Lines
For Transformers
For Busbars

Summary

Principle of Overcurrent Protection

When the current in a system exceeds a predetermined
value, it indicates the presence of a fault.
Relaying decision is based solely on the magnitude of
current.
Used in radial distribution systems.
Overcurrent relaying and fuse protection uses this
principle.

Protection Paradigms - Apparatus Protection

Power System
Protection

Overcurrent Protection
Principle
Directional Overcurrent Protection

Distance Protection
Principle

Differential Protection
Principle
For Transmission Lines
For Tapped Lines
For Transformers
For Busbars

Summary

S.A.Soman
Overcurrent
Protection
Principle
Directional
Overcurrent
Protection

Distance
Protection
Principle

Differential
Protection
Principle
For Transmission
Lines
For Tapped Lines
For Transformers
For Busbars

Summary

Protection Paradigms - Apparatus Protection

Power System
Protection
S.A.Soman
Overcurrent
Protection
Principle
Directional
Overcurrent
Protection

Distance
Protection
Principle

Differential
Protection
Principle
For Transmission
Lines
For Tapped Lines
For Transformers
For Busbars

Summary

Directional Overcurrent Protection

Uses both magnitude of current and phase angle
information for decision making.
Used in radial distribution systems with source at both
ends.

Protection Paradigms - Apparatus Protection

Power System
Protection

Overcurrent Protection
Principle
Directional Overcurrent Protection

Distance Protection
Principle

Differential Protection
Principle
For Transmission Lines
For Tapped Lines
For Transformers
For Busbars

Summary

S.A.Soman
Overcurrent
Protection
Principle
Directional
Overcurrent
Protection

Distance
Protection
Principle

Differential
Protection
Principle
For Transmission
Lines
For Tapped Lines
For Transformers
For Busbars

Summary

Protection Paradigms - Apparatus Protection

Power System
Protection
S.A.Soman
Overcurrent
Protection
Principle
Directional
Overcurrent
Protection

Distance
Protection
Principle

Differential
Protection
Principle
For Transmission
Lines
For Tapped Lines
For Transformers
For Busbars

Summary

Distance Protection
The basic principle is that the apparent impedance
seen by the relay reduces drastically in case of line
fault.
If the ratio of apparent impedance to the positive
sequence impedance is less than unity, it indicates a
fault.
This protection scheme is inherently directional.
Impedance relay and Mho relay use this principle.

Protection Paradigms - Apparatus Protection

Power System
Protection
S.A.Soman
Overcurrent
Protection
Principle
Directional
Overcurrent
Protection

Distance
Protection
Principle

Differential
Protection
Principle
For Transmission
Lines
For Tapped Lines
For Transformers
For Busbars

Summary

Protection Paradigms - Apparatus Protection

Power System
Protection

Overcurrent Protection
Principle
Directional Overcurrent Protection

Distance Protection
Principle

Differential Protection
Principle
For Transmission Lines
For Tapped Lines
For Transformers
For Busbars

Summary

S.A.Soman
Overcurrent
Protection
Principle
Directional
Overcurrent
Protection

Distance
Protection
Principle

Differential
Protection
Principle
For Transmission
Lines
For Tapped Lines
For Transformers
For Busbars

Summary

Protection Paradigms - Apparatus Protection

Power System
Protection
S.A.Soman
Overcurrent
Protection
Principle
Directional
Overcurrent
Protection

Distance
Protection
Principle

Differential
Protection
Principle
For Transmission
Lines
For Tapped Lines
For Transformers
For Busbars

Summary

Principle of Differential Protection

It is based on the fact that any fault within an electrical
equipment would cause the current entering it to be
different from the current leaving it.

Protection Paradigms - Apparatus Protection

Power System
Protection
S.A.Soman
Overcurrent
Protection
Principle
Directional
Overcurrent
Protection

Distance
Protection

Principle of Differential Protection

It is based on the fact that any fault within an electrical
equipment would cause the current entering it to be
different from the current leaving it.

Principle

Differential
Protection
Principle
For Transmission
Lines
For Tapped Lines
For Transformers
For Busbars

Summary

By comparing the two currents either in magnitude or in

phase or in both, fault can be determined.

Protection Paradigms - Apparatus Protection

Power System
Protection
S.A.Soman
Overcurrent
Protection
Principle
Directional
Overcurrent
Protection

Distance
Protection

Principle of Differential Protection

It is based on the fact that any fault within an electrical
equipment would cause the current entering it to be
different from the current leaving it.

Principle

Differential
Protection
Principle
For Transmission
Lines
For Tapped Lines
For Transformers
For Busbars

Summary

By comparing the two currents either in magnitude or in

phase or in both, fault can be determined.
It is an attractive option if both the ends of the
apparatus are located near each other.

Protection Paradigms - Apparatus Protection

Power System
Protection

Overcurrent Protection
Principle
Directional Overcurrent Protection

Distance Protection
Principle

Differential Protection
Principle
For Transmission Lines
For Tapped Lines
For Transformers
For Busbars

Summary

S.A.Soman
Overcurrent
Protection
Principle
Directional
Overcurrent
Protection

Distance
Protection
Principle

Differential
Protection
Principle
For Transmission
Lines
For Tapped Lines
For Transformers
For Busbars

Summary

Protection Paradigms - Apparatus Protection

Power System
Protection
S.A.Soman
Overcurrent
Protection
Principle
Directional
Overcurrent
Protection

Distance
Protection
Principle

Differential
Protection
Principle
For Transmission
Lines
For Tapped Lines
For Transformers
For Busbars

Summary

Differential Protection for Transmission Lines

Its implementation requires a communication channel.
It is extremely accurate.
Its zone is demarkated by CTs.

Protection Paradigms - Apparatus Protection

Power System
Protection

Overcurrent Protection
Principle
Directional Overcurrent Protection

Distance Protection
Principle

Differential Protection
Principle
For Transmission Lines
For Tapped Lines
For Transformers
For Busbars

Summary

S.A.Soman
Overcurrent
Protection
Principle
Directional
Overcurrent
Protection

Distance
Protection
Principle

Differential
Protection
Principle
For Transmission
Lines
For Tapped Lines
For Transformers
For Busbars

Summary

Protection Paradigms - Apparatus Protection

Power System
Protection
S.A.Soman

Differential Protection for Tapped Line

Overcurrent
Protection
Principle
Directional
Overcurrent
Protection

Distance
Protection
Principle

Differential
Protection
Principle
For Transmission
Lines
For Tapped Lines
For Transformers
For Busbars

Summary

Protection Paradigms - Apparatus Protection

Power System
Protection

Overcurrent Protection
Principle
Directional Overcurrent Protection

Distance Protection
Principle

Differential Protection
Principle
For Transmission Lines
For Tapped Lines
For Transformers
For Busbars

Summary

S.A.Soman
Overcurrent
Protection
Principle
Directional
Overcurrent
Protection

Distance
Protection
Principle

Differential
Protection
Principle
For Transmission
Lines
For Tapped Lines
For Transformers
For Busbars

Summary

Protection Paradigms - Apparatus Protection

Power System
Protection
S.A.Soman
Overcurrent
Protection
Principle
Directional
Overcurrent
Protection

Distance
Protection
Principle

Differential
Protection
Principle
For Transmission
Lines
For Tapped Lines
For Transformers
For Busbars

Summary

Differential Protection for Transformer

CTs are selected in such a way that under normal
conditions the scaled CT currents will match in
magnitude.
Under fault condition, differential current will flow
through the overcurrent relay.
Overcurrent relay pick up is set above the no load
current value.

Protection Paradigms - Apparatus Protection

Power System
Protection

Overcurrent Protection
Principle
Directional Overcurrent Protection

Distance Protection
Principle

Differential Protection
Principle
For Transmission Lines
For Tapped Lines
For Transformers
For Busbars

Summary

S.A.Soman
Overcurrent
Protection
Principle
Directional
Overcurrent
Protection

Distance
Protection
Principle

Differential
Protection
Principle
For Transmission
Lines
For Tapped Lines
For Transformers
For Busbars

Summary

Protection Paradigms - Apparatus Protection

Power System
Protection
S.A.Soman
Overcurrent
Protection
Principle
Directional
Overcurrent
Protection

Distance
Protection
Principle

Differential
Protection
Principle
For Transmission
Lines
For Tapped Lines
For Transformers
For Busbars

Summary

Differential protection for Busbar

If the fault is external the algebraic sum of the currents
entering the bus is zero.
If the fault is on the bus the sum is not zero.

Protection Paradigms - Apparatus Protection

Power System
Protection
S.A.Soman
Overcurrent
Protection
Principle
Directional
Overcurrent
Protection

Distance
Protection
Principle

Differential
Protection
Principle
For Transmission
Lines
For Tapped Lines
For Transformers
For Busbars

Summary

Summary
Basic Principle of
Overcurrent Protection.
Directional Overcurrent Protection.
Distance Protection.
Differential Protection.

Applications of Apparatus Protection.