JJ310-STRENGTH OF MATERIAL

UNDERSTAND THE SHEAR STRESS

AND SHEAR STRAIN

SINGLE SHEAR
"Single

shear" refers to the fact that

there is a single plane of shear force
through the fastener - an example
would be a tie rod end stud. Even with
the taper to locate the parts, there is a
single shear plane - it exists between
the tie rod end housing and the
knuckle surface (typically considered
to be even with the lower plane of the
knuckle surface.)

DOUBLE SHEAR
"Double

shear" would mean that

there are two shear planes
through the fastener, or that the
total shear force is "split" into two
locations on the fastener body.
It's most common to see hitch
pins loaded in double shear - a
good example of this would be
the cross pin for your trailer
hitch.

SHEAR STRESS,

If

the section L-M is parallel to the forces and

has an area A then the average Shear Stress

=.

If

the Shear Force varies then at

a point :-

N/m2
The

Shear Stress is tangential to

the area over which it acts and is
expressed in the same units as
Direct Stress.

Load

per unit Area - (N/m2)

SHEAR STRAIN,
x

The

distortion produced by Shear Stress on an

element or Rectangular Block is shown in the

diagram. The Shear Strain or "Slide" , isand

can be defined as the change in the right angle.
It is measured in Radians and is dimensionless.

=.

THE MODULUS OF RIGIDITY, G

For

Elastic materials it is found

that within certain limits Shear
Strain is proportional to the Shear

Stress producing
it.
The Ratio
is called the
Modulus of Rigidity and is
G=
denoted by G.

Unit

for Modulus of Rigidity is

EXERCISE 2
1. What is the tensile force required to reduce the
diameter of a steel bar from 40 mm to 39.95
mm. Given E = 200 GN/m2 and = 0.3.
2. A 2.5 m rod with cross sectional area of 1290
mm2 extends by 1.5 mm when applied with a
tensile force of 142 kN. Determine:a. Draw free body diagram for the above question.
b. Calculate tensile stress in the rod.
c. Strain.
d. Youngs Modulus.
e. Factor of safety if the maximum allowable stress
(or ultimate stress) is 432 MN/m2.

3. A bar with diameter 12 mm and

length 50 mm is applied the tensile
force of 20 kN and resulting in
elongation of 0.0435 mm and
diameter change to 11.996 mm.
Determine: a. Stresses that occur
b. longitudinal strain
c. lateral strain
d. Young's modulus
e. Poisson ratio