Toran Boouy FECA T.Ae EE162A - HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT 5 DATE: MAY 9, 2012 DUE DATE: MAY 16,2012 SUBJECT: | WIRELESS COMMUNICATION LINKS AND ANTENNAS EE162A, SPRING 2012 1. Review: Read course notes, and chapter 3 of the textbook. (10 points) 2. Understanding Array Factor: Consider an array of two elements spaced one wavelength apart that are equal in amplitude and 180° out of phase. (a) Use inspection method to roughly sketch the polar plot of the array factor. (b) Derive the exact array factor as a function of angle 0 if the elements are on the z-axis. (©) For what angles of @ is the array factor maximum and minimum? (¢) What is the expression for the normalized array factor? (©) Use the rectilinear to polar graphical construction techniques to obtain a polar plot of the array factor. (25 points) 3. Array Factor and Pattern Multiplication: (@) Construct the array factor for an arbitrary linear array along the X-axis. (b) For the special case of two elements along X-axis with 0.70 2 spacing and equal amplitude and phase, determine the array factor. (©) Make plots of the array factor in the three coordinate planes: XY, XZ, and YZ. (@) If half-wavelength dipoles are used as the array elements and they are oriented along the Z axis, plot the complete array patterns in all three planes. 25 points) 4, Array Directivit Using the array factor of a broadside two element array positioned along the z-axis with equal current amplitude point source elements, show that the directivity is given by 2 1+ Gin fd)/ pad {Aso plot the directivity as a function of d from zero to two wavelengths. (10 points) 5. Universal Pattern: Consider an equally spaced five-element array with uniform amplitudes. Sketch the array factors for (a) d= 2, 85 = 90° (b) d= A, 8 = 90° (¢) d= 22, 8 = 90° (d) d = 1/2, 0 = 45° (d= 22, B= For all cases deetermine the inter-element phase shift where d is the distance between adjacent elements and 6, is the scan angle. (30 points) PS: It is assumed that you will work out all the problems to your best ability.we HEH F He co | a3 i F i £ sj ie frig Ss a 3 a ree t Pa as i pee rH 4 al ee oor Le “yea : zs fs N uN # ASH a H : a "teiso, ja stent | {ete ce did fre thl Che Io 4 peveney kot foe ey gel Ute st {te | 156, Ea fe the | wae Nasicinlen 3, shbrel 2 Fe faseE eH iB ca i Es wy 0 s doped | 1th the boop Bee eee ee the, Ae; apo 4 pcta bE IY aol thal ha | | as = 092+ Non ae! coh edpedes | thy Jp tay fPakicy AC) ACE aL rep ta a 3 ‘By e . a 2 H ae ae aW?| Caer F eH — oe eae ARE i 3nm ebeet rect ey rid ; fd HoH : SUSE Bee # tise a | 2 fale! ee pl te fae | acm jelepents le a do don ha a tal Arey Foster Pai Ste aag Hd 3 Te ad # AL nae HH a 21 Array Fact plane 20° Array Fact 0 lane Array Fact yo V2 lane 30°5/17/12 11:35 PM _C:\Users\Owner\Documents\School_Work\EEL62A_HWS_P. SEE162A, HWS, P3, Part c, array factor plots in three planes by Jordan SBudhu, T.A. SNOTE: This program makes use of the ewa toolbox available for free open source download at www.ece.rutgers.edu/~orfanidi/ewa ele clear all close all ® XY Plane 8 for the XY Plane, theta = 90 deg and we use obtain an azimuthal plot. theta = pi/2; ‘create the phi angle vector (abz func takes in range of O-pi and symmetrically adds the pi-2*pi section). phi = linspace(0,pi, 100); SCreate the AF_norm AEn = cos(0.7#pitsin(theta) .*cos(phi)) + Screate the plot in the xY plane: subplot (1,3, 1) abz (phi, AFn, 30, 3) title('Array Factor in XY plane") ’ XZ Plane ® for the XZ Plane, phi = 0 deg and we use obtain a polar plot phi = 0; ‘create the theta angle vector (abp func takes in range of O-pi and asymmetrically adds the -pi to 0 section). theta = linspace(0,pi, 100) ; Screate the AF_norm AFn = cos(0.7*pi*sin(theta) .*cos(phi)) + Screate the plot in the xz plane: subplot (1,3, 2) abp (theta, AFn, 30,3) title ("Array Factor in Xz plane") 2 YZ Plane * for the YZ Plane, phi = 90 deg and we use obtain a polar plot phi = pi/2; ‘create the theta angle vector (abp func takes in range of O-pi and Ssymmetrically adds the ~pi to 0 section). theta = linspace(0,pi, 100); ‘create the AF_norm LotzS/17/12 11 5PM. \users\Owner\Documents\School Work\EEL62A_HN5, AEn = cos(0.7*pi*sin(theta) .*cos(phi)) + ‘Create the plot in the YZ plane: subplot (1, 3,3) abp (theta, AFn, 30, 3) title('Array Factor in YZ plane’)Total Array P§ ee" XY plane Total Array Pattesn in 30° XZ plane Total Aray Pi ages in Z plane 30°5/17/12 11:35 PM_C:\Users\Owner\Documents\School Work\EEL62A_HWS_P. 9EE162A, HWS, P3, Part d, complete array pattern plots in three planes ‘by Jordan Budhu, T.A. NOTE: This program makes use of the ewa toolbox available for free open source download at www.ece.rutgers.edu/~orfanidi/ewa cle clear all close all 8 xy Plane a @for the XY Plane, theta = 90 deg and we use obtain an azimuthal plot theta = pi/2; ‘create the phi angle vector (abz func takes in range of O-pi and symmetrically adds the pi-2*pi section). phi = Linspace(0,pi, 100) ; ScCreate the total array pattern function Tot = (cos ((pi/2) .*cos (theta) }.*cos (0.7*pi*sin(theta) .*cos (phi)})./sin(theta) Screate the plot in the xY plane: subplot (1,3,1) abz (phi, Tot, 30, 3) title('Total Array Pattern in XY plane') 8 xz Plane 4 Sfor the XZ Plane, phi = 0 deg and we use obtain a polar plot phi = 0; acreate the theta angle vector (abp func takes in range of O-pi and ‘symmetrically adds the -pi to 0 section). theta = linspace(0,pi, 100) 7 Qcreate the total array pattern function Tot = (cos((pi/2) .*cos (theta) ).*cos (0.7*pi*sin(theta) .*cos (phi) )) ./sin (theta) ; ‘check for singularities from sin(pi) for i = 1:length(theta) if (theta(i) == pi) Tot (4) = 0; else Tot (i) = Tot (i); end end ‘create the plot in the xz plai subplot (1, 3,2) abp (theta, Tot, 30, 3) title('Total Array Pattern in XZ plane’)5/17/12 12 \Users\Owner\Documents\School Work\EEL62A HWS, 5PM & YZ Plane ~ 8 Sfor the YZ Plane, phi = 90 deg and we use obtain a polar plot phi = pi/27 SCreate the theta angle vector (abp func takes in range of 0-pi and Ssymmetrically adds the -pi to 0 section). theta = linspace(0,pi, 100) ; SCreate the total array pattern function Tot = (cos((pi/2).*cos (theta) ).*cos(0.7*pi*sin(theta) .*cos (phi))) ./sin(theta) ; check for singularities from sin(pi) for i = L:length(theta) if (theta(i) == pi) Tot (i) = 0; else Tot (4) = Tot (4); end end ‘create the plot in the YZ plane subplot (1, 3,3) abp (theta, Tot, 30, 3) title('Total Array Pattern in YZ plane") 2 of 2Pan Rp ee ie ce iv d ; i SEEOUELaaE + ¥ mt 5 Ae PE e ibe ee ee if mn FS we f it to. Al beait sin dpa) “TR bch te ar | + ER or lofid |Freme © to PA! i is) pp atsl |For, 18.2 54 ig Shee | ite st HE 7 a cab Tr whe jeg Ae coal tes the dine lade |A cae aca vats 4 “STAT ae ate =| dhe =I Ag | [Oe T ihe $4 par thle Ll del Doll ts plbt| toe biel ss Ina: et Senhoky is gy TheDirectivity in Absolute Units 26 N - Led to Ld = °c = a ak > = nN 0.2 Directivity of the AF for a 2 element broadside array 04° 06 06 1 2 eS d/h. 1.85/17/12 11 Users \Owner\Documents\School Work\EEL62A_HW5 PL 5 eM. QEE162A, HWS, P4, directivity plot by Jordan Budhu, 7A. ele clear all close all First create the d vector lambda = 1; beta = (2*pi) /lambda; d = Linspace(0,2*1ambda, 100); Next create the directivity function Dir = 2./(1+(sin (beta. *d)./(beta.*d)))7 Now plot the directivity plot (d, Dir) title("Directivity of the AF for a 2 element broadside array") xlabel ('d/\1ambda" ) ylabel("Directivity in Absolute Units") lofiHt | ae ae : fe See Haat eS eta au5/17/12 11:35 PM C:\Users\Owner\Documents\School Work\EEL62A_HW5 PL EE162A, HWS, PS, array factor plots by Jordan Budhu, 7.A. QNOTE: This program makes use of the eva toolbox available for free open tsource download at wnw.ece.rutgers.edu/~orfanidi/ewa cle clear all close all a Part a d= lambda/2, theta0 = 90 deg acreate the theta angle vector (abp func takes in range of 0-pi and Ssymmetrically adds the -pi to 0 section). theta = linspace(0,pi, 100) 7 SCreate the AF_norm AFn = sin((5*pi.*cos(theta)) ./2)./(5.*sin((pi.*cos(theta)) ./2))7 tcreate the plot: subplot (2, 3,1) abp (theta, AFn, 30,3) title (‘Array Factor for Part a') * Part b 4d = lambda, theta = 90 deg ScCreate the theta angle vector (abp func takes in range of 0-pi and ‘symmetrically adds the -pi to 0 section). theta = linspace(0,pi,100); acreate the AF_norn AFn = sin((5*pi.*cos(theta)))./(5.*sin((pi.*cos(theta))))+ Screate the plot: subplot (2, 3,2) abp (theta, AFn, 30, 3) title('Array Factor for Part b’) * Part ¢ ~ $d = 2*1ambda, theta = 90 deg SCreate the theta angle vector (abp func takes in range of O-pi and asymmetrically adds the -pi to 0 section). theta = linspace(0, pi, 100) ; create the AF_norn AFn = sin((10*pi.*cos(theta))) ./(5.*sin((2*pi.*cos(theta)))); ‘create the plot: subplot (2, 3,3) Lot 25/17/12 11:35 PMC: \sers\Owner\Documents\School Work\EE162A HWS Pl. ..\HW5 P5.m 2 of 2 abp (theta, AFn, 30, 3) title("Array Factor for Part c') & - Part d - $d = lambda/2, thetad = 45 deg SCreate the theta angle vector (abp func takes in range of 0-pi and Ssymmetrically adds the -pi to 0 section). theta = linspace(0,pi, 100); ‘create the AF_norm AFn = sin( (5/2) *pi.*cos (theta) - (5/4) *pi*sart (2)) ./(5.*sin | (pi/2) .*cos (theta) - (pi*sqrt (2) ¢ “ye ‘create the plot: subplot (2,3, 4) abp (theta, AFn, 30, 3) title('Array Factor for Part d') e Part e - 'd = lambda/2, thetad = 0 deg SCreate the theta angle vector (abp func takes in range of 0-pi and Ssymetrically adds the -pi to 0 section). theta = linspace(0,pi, 100); SCreate the AF_norm AFn = sin(((5*pi) /2) .*cos (theta) ( (5*pi) /2)) ./(5.*sin( (pi/2) .*cos(theta)~(pi/2))) Screate the plot: subplot (2, 3,5) abp (theta, AFn, 30, 3) title(*Array Factor for Part e')