IB Chem HL Data Booklet 2009-2015

Chemistry
First examinations 2009
Diploma Programme
Data booklet
Diploma Programme
Chemistry
Data booklet
First examinations 2009
International Baccalaureate Organization

Buenos Aires
Cardiff
Geneva
New York
Singapore
Diploma Programme
Chemistrydata booklet
Published March 2007

International Baccalaureate Organization
Peterson House, Malthouse Avenue, Cardiff Gate
Cardiff, Wales GB CF23 8GL
United Kingdom
Phone: +44 29 2054 7777
Fax: +44 29 2054 7778
Web site: http://www.ibo.org
International Baccalaureate Organization 2007
The International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO) was established in 1968 and is
a non-profit, international educational foundation registered in Switzerland.
The IBO is grateful for permission to reproduce and/or translate any copyright
material used in this publication. Acknowledgments are included, where
appropriate, and, if notified, the IBO will be pleased to rectify any errors or
omissions at the earliest opportunity.
IBO merchandise and publications in its official and working languages can be
purchased through the IB store at http://store.ibo.org. General ordering queries
should be directed to the sales and marketing department in Cardiff.
Phone: +44 29 2054 7746
Fax: +44 29 2054 7779
E-mail: sales@ibo.org
Printed in the United Kingdom by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wiltshire
4019a
Contents
1.
Some relevant equations
2.
Physical constants
3.
Fundamental particles
4.
Names of the first 103 elements
5.
The periodic table
6.
Melting points and boiling points of the elements
7.
First ionization energy, electron affinity and electronegativity of the

elements
8.
Atomic and ionic radii of the elements
9.
Covalent bond lengths
10
10.
Average bond enthalpies at 298 K
11
11.
Organic compoundsthermodynamic data
12
12.
Enthalpies of combustion
14
13.
Lattice enthalpies at 298 K (experimental and theoretical values)
16
14.
Standard electrode potentials
18
15.
Strengths of organic acids and bases
20
16.
Acidbase indicators
22
17.
Infrared data
23
18.
H NMR data
24
19.
2-Amino acids
26
20.
Structural formulas of some important medicines and drugs
29
21.
Structural formulas of some important biological molecules
32
22.
Structural formulas of some important food chemistry molecules
35
Notes
This booklet cannot be used for paper 1 of the examination (SLP1 and HLP1), but the periodic table given on
page 4 will be available as part of these examination papers. Clean copies of this booklet must be made
available to candidates for papers 2 and 3 (SLP2, SLP3, HLP2 and HLP3).
Chemistry data booklet
1. Some relevant equations

t1 =
2
0.693
k
log10
Ea
ln k =
k = Ae RT
E = hf
I0
= lc
I
Ea
+ ln A
RT
PV = nRT
G = H T S
2. Physical constants
Avogadros constant (L) = 6.02 1023 mol1
Gas constant (R) = 8.31 J K1 mol1
Molar volume of an ideal gas at 273 K and 1.01 105 Pa = 2.24 102 m3 mol1 (= 22.4 dm3 mol1)
Plancks constant (h) = 6.63 1034 J s
Specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 kJ kg1 K1 (= 4.18 J g1 K1)
Ionic product constant for water (Kw) = 1.00 1014 mol2 dm6 at 298 K
1 atm = 1.01 105 Pa
1 dm3 = 1 litre = 1 103 m3 = 1 103 cm3
3. Fundamental particles
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Mass (kg)
1.672648 1027
1.674954 1027
9.109534 1031
Charge (C)
1.602189 1019
1.602189 1019
4. Names of the first 103 elements

Symbol
Atomic
number
Element
Symbol
Atomic
number
actinium
Ac
89
fluorine
aluminium
Al
13
francium
Fr
87
americium
Am
95
gadolinium
Gd
64
antimony
Sb
51
gallium
Ga
31
argon
Ar
18
germanium
Ge
32
arsenic
As
33
gold
Au
79
astatine
At
85
hafnium
Hf
72
barium
Ba
56
helium
He
berkelium
Bk
97
holmium
Ho
67
beryllium
Be
hydrogen
bismuth
Bi
83
indium
In
49
boron
iodine
53
bromine
Br
35
iridium
Ir
77
cadmium
Cd
48
iron
Fe
26
caesium
Cs
55
krypton
Kr
36
calcium
Ca
20
lanthanum
La
57
californium
Cf
98
lawrencium
Lr
103
carbon
lead
Pb
82
cerium
Ce
58
lithium
Li
chlorine
Cl
17
lutetium
Lu
71
chromium
Cr
24
magnesium
Mg
12
cobalt
Co
27
manganese
Mn
25
copper
Cu
29
mendelevium
Md
101
curium
Cm
96
mercury
Hg
80
dysprosium
Dy
66
molybdenum
Mo
42
einsteinium
Es
99
neodymium
Nd
60
erbium
Er
68
neon
Ne
10
europium
Eu
63
neptunium
Np
93
fermium
Fm
100
nickel
Ni
28
Element
Names of the first 103 elements
Element
Symbol
Atomic
number
Element
Symbol
Atomic
number
niobium
Nb
41
silicon
Si
14
nitrogen
silver
Ag
47
nobelium
No
102
sodium
Na
11
osmium
Os
76
strontium
Sr
38
oxygen
sulfur
16
palladium
Pd
46
tantalum
Ta
73
phosphorus
15
technetium
Tc
43
platinum
Pt
78
tellurium
Te
52
plutonium
Pu
94
terbium
Tb
65
polonium
Po
84
thallium
Tl
81
potassium
19
thorium
Th
90
praseodymium
Pr
59
thulium
Tm
69
promethium
Pm
61
tin
Sn
50
protactinium
Pa
91
titanium
Ti
22
radium
Ra
88
tungsten
74
radon
Rn
86
uranium
92
rhenium
Re
75
vanadium
23
rhodium
Rh
45
xenon
Xe
54
rubidium
Rb
37
ytterbium
Yb
70
ruthenium
Ru
44
yttrium
39
samarium
Sm
62
zinc
Zn
30
scandium
Sc
21
zirconium
Zr
40
selenium
Se
34
5. The periodic table

1
0
2
He
Atomic number
1.01
3
Li
Be
6.94
11
4.00
Element
10
Ne
9.01
10.81
12.01
14.01
16.00
19.00
20.18
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Atomic mass
Na
Mg
Al
Si
Cl
Ar
22.99
24.31
26.98
28.09
30.97
32.06
35.45
39.95
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
Ca
Sc
Ti
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
39.10
40.08
44.96
47.90
50.94
52.00
54.94
55.85
58.93
58.71
63.55
65.37
69.72
72.59
74.92
78.96
79.90
83.80
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Rb
Sr
Zr
Nb
Mo
Tc
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
Xe
85.47
87.62
88.91
91.22
92.91
95.94
98.91
101.07
102.91
106.42
107.87
112.40
114.82
118.69
121.75
127.60
126.90
131.30
55
56
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
Cs
Ba
La
Hf
Ta
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Tl
Pb
Bi
Po
At
Rn
132.91
137.34
138.91
178.49
180.95
183.85
186.21
190.21
192.22
195.09
196.97
200.59
204.37
207.19
208.98
(210)
(210)
(222)
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
57
87
88
Fr
Ra
Ac
89
(223)
(226)
(227)
Ce
Pr
Nd
Pm
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
Yb
Lu
140.12
140.91
144.24
146.92
150.35
151.96
157.25
158.92
162.50
164.93
167.26
168.93
173.04
174.97
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Th
Pa
Np
Pu
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf
Es
Fm
Md
No
Lr
232.04
231.04
238.03
(237)
(244)
(243)
(247)
(247)
(251)
(254)
(257)
(258)
(259)
(260)
6. Melting points and boiling points of the elements

14
Melting point (K)
Element
He
20
454
Boiling point (K)
1551
2573
4100
63
55
54
25
Li
Be
Ne
1600
3243
3931
5100
77
90
85
27
371
922
936
1683
317
392
172
84
Na
Mg
Al
Si
Cl
Ar
1156
1363
337
1112
1814
1933
1973
2130
1517
1808
1768
1726
1357
693
2740
2628
553
718
239
87
303
1211
1090
490
266
117
Ca
Sc
Ti
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
1047
1757
3104
3560
3650
2755
2235
3023
3143
3005
2840
1180
2676
3103
886
958
332
121
312
1042
1780
2125
2741
2890
2445
2583
2239
1825
1235
594
429
505
904
723
387
161
Rb
Sr
Zr
Nb
Mo
Tc
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
Xe
961
1657
3611
4650
5015
4885
5150
4173
4000
3413
2485
1038
2353
2543
2023
1263
458
166
302
983
1194
2503
3269
3680
3453
3327
2683
2045
1338
234
577
601
545
527
575
202
Cs
Ba
La
Hf
Ta
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Tl
Pb
Bi
Po
At
Rn
952
2023
3730
5470
5698
5930
5900
5300
4403
4100
3080
630
1730
2013
1833
1235
610
211
300
973
1320
Fr
Ra
Ac
950
1413
3470

8
7. First ionization energy, electron affinity and electronegativity of the elements

1310
72
First ionization
energy
(kJ mol 1)
H
2.1
519
52 900
Li
He
799 29
Element
Be
1.0
494
2370
Electron affinity
(kJ mol 1)
1.5
2.5
3.0
786 180
1060 70
Si
Al
1.2
590
2.0
577 47
Mg
0.9
418
1400 3
Electronegativity
71 736
Na
1090 120
1.5
632
661
648
653
716
762
757
736
745
908
577
1.8
762
1310 142 1680 348 2080

(O +844)
3.5
4.0
Cl
1140 342 1350
Ca
Sc
Ti
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
1.0
1.3
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.6
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.4
2.8
548
636
669
653
694
699
724
745
803
732
866
556
707
833
870
Sr
Zr
Nb
Mo
Tc
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
1.9
2.2
2.2
2.2
1.9
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.1
2.5
540
502
Cs
Ba
0.7
381
0.9
510
531
760
770
762
841
887
866
891
1010
590
716
703
812
920
Hf
Ta
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Tl
Pb
Bi
Po
At
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.9
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.4
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.2
Fr
Ra
Ac
0.7
0.9
1.1
Xe
1040
La
669
Kr
1010 314 1170
Rb
376
Ar
3.0
2.5
941
0.8
402
Ne
1000 200 1260 364 1520

(S +532)
2.1
966
Rn
8. Atomic and ionic radii of the elements

Atomic
radius
(1012 m)
30
H
154 (1)
152
Element
112
Li
Be
68 (1+)
30 (2+)
186
He
88
Ionic
radius
(1012 m)
16 (3+)
160
143
Na
Mg
Al
98 (1+)
65 (2+)
45 (3+)
231
K
133 (1+)
244
Rb
148 (1+)
262
Cs
167 (1+)
270
Fr
197
160
146
131
125
129
126
125
124
128
133
141
77
C
260 (4)
117
Si
42 (4+)
271 (4)
122
Ca
Sc
Ti
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
94 (2+)
81 (3+)
90 (2+)
68 (4+)
88 (2+)
59 (5+)
63 (3+)
80 (2+)
60 (4+)
76 (2+)
64 (3+)
74 (2+)
63 (3+)
72 (2+)
96 (1+)
69 (2+)
74 (2+)
62 (3+)
53 (4+)
272 (4)
215
Sr
110 (2+)
217
Ba
34 (2+)
220
Ra
180
Y
93 (3+)
188
La
115 (3+)
200
Ac
157
Zr
80 (4+)
141
Nb
70 (5+)
157
Hf
81 (4+)
135
Tc
68 (4+)
143
Ta
73 (5+)
136
Mo
137
W
68 (4+)
137
Re
133
134
Ru
Rh
65 (4+)
86 (2+)
134
135
Os
Ir
67 (4+)
66 (4+)
138
Pd
144
Ag
126 (1+)
138
Pt
144
Au
137 (1+)
85 (3+)
149
166
Cd
In
97 (2+)
81 (3+)
152
Hg
127 (1+)
110 (2+)
171
Tl
95 (3+)
162
Sn
112 (2+)
71 (4+)
175
Pb
120 (2+)
84 (4+)
70
N
171 (3)
110
P
212 (3)
121
As
222 (3)
141
Sb
245 (3)
170
Bi
120 (3+)
66
O
146 (2)
58
F
133 (1)
104
S
190 (2)
117
Se
202 (2)
137
Te
222 (2)
140
Po
Ne
99
Cl
Ar
181 (1)
114
Br
Kr
196 (1)
133
Xe
219 (1)
140
At
Rn
9. Covalent bond lengths

Bond
Bond length (nm)
Bond
Bond length (nm)
HH
0.074
CH
0.109
CC
0.154
SiH
0.146
C=C
0.134
NH
0.101
CC
0.120
PH
0.142
CC (in benzene)
0.139
OH
0.096
SiSi
0.235
SH
0.135
NN
0.146
FH
0.092
N=N
0.120
ClH
0.128
NN
0.110
BrH
0.141
PP (P4)
0.221
IH
0.160
OO
0.148
CO
0.143
O=O
0.121
C=O
0.122
SS (S8)
0.207
CO (in phenol)
0.136
S=S
0.188
CN
0.147
FF
0.142
C=N
0.127
ClCl
0.199
CN
0.116
BrBr
0.228
CN (in phenylamine)
0.135
II
0.267
CF
0.138
CCl
0.177
CCl (in chlorobenzene)
0.169
CBr
0.193
CI
0.214
SiO
0.150
10
10. Average bond enthalpies at 298 K

Bond
H (kJ mol1)
Bond
H (kJ mol1)
HH
436
CH
412
DD
442
SiH
318
CC
348
NH
388
C=C
612
PH
322
CC
837
OH
463
CC (benzene)
518
SH
338
SiSi
226
FH
562
GeGe
188
ClH
431
SnSn
151
BrH
366
NN
163
IH
299
N=N
409
CO
360
NN
944
C=O
743
PP
172
CN
305
OO
146
C=N
613
O=O
496
CN
890
SS
264
CF
484
FF
158
CCl
338
ClCl
242
CBr
276
BrBr
193
CI
238
II
151
SiO
374
11
11. Organic compoundsthermodynamic data

H f
G f
(kJ mol1)
(kJ mol1)
(J K1 mol1)
Substance
Formula
methane
CH4
75
51
186
ethane
C2H6
85
33
230
propane
C3H8
104
24
270
butane
C4H10
125
16
310
pentane
C5H12
173
261
hexane
C6H14
199
296
ethene
C2H4
52
68
219
propene
C3H6
20
63
267
but-1-ene
C4H8
72
307
cis-but-2-ene
C4H8
67
301
trans-but-2-ene
C4H8
10
64
296
ethyne
C2H2
227
209
201
propyne
C3H4
185
194
248
buta-1,3-diene
C4H6
112
152
279
cyclohexane
C6H12
156
27
204
benzene
C6H6
83
130
269
benzene
C6H6
49
125
173
methylbenzene
C6H5CH3
12
111
320
ethylbenzene
C6H5CH2CH3
13
120
255
phenylethene
C6H5CHCH2
104
202
345
chloromethane
CH3Cl
82
59
234
dichloromethane
CH2Cl2
117
63
179
trichloromethane
CHCl3
132
72
203
bromomethane
CH3Br
36
26
246
tribromomethane
CHBr3
20
222
iodomethane
CH3I
20
163
triiodomethane
CHI3
141
chloroethane
C2H5Cl
105
53
276
bromoethane
C2H5Br
85
12
State
Organic compoundsthermodynamic data
H f
G f
(kJ mol1)
(kJ mol1)
(J K1 mol1)
31
52
264
166
80
208
C6H5Cl
11
94
314
methanol
CH3OH
201
162
238
methanol
CH3OH
239
166
127
ethanol
C2H5OH
235
169
282
ethanol
C2H5OH
278
175
161
phenol
C6H5OH
163
51
146
methanal
HCHO
116
110
219
ethanal
CH3CHO
166
134
266
propanone
(CH3)2CO
216
152
295
methanoic acid
HCOOH
409
346
129
ethanoic acid
CH3COOH
487
392
160
benzoic acid
C6H5COOH
385
245
167
ethyl ethanoate
CH3COOC2H5
481
ethanamide
CH3CONH2
320
methylamine
CH3NH2
28
28
242
ethylamine
C2H5NH2
49
37
285
urea
CO(NH2)2
333
47
105
Substance
Formula
iodoethane
C2H5I
31
chloroethene
C2H3Cl
1,2-dichloroethane
CH2ClCH2Cl
chlorobenzene
State
13

14
12. Enthalpies of combustion

The values of the molar enthalpy of combustion (H c ) in the following table refer to a temperature of 298 K and a pressure of 1.01 105 Pa (1 atm).
State
H c (kJ mol1)
H2
sulfur
carbon (graphite)
Substance
Formula
hydrogen
H c
Substance
Formula
State
286
propan-1-ol
C3H7OH
2010
297
butan-1-ol
C4H9OH
2673
394
phenylmethanol
C6H5CH2OH
4056
carbon (diamond)
395
cyclohexanol
C6H11OH
3727
carbon monoxide
CO
283
phenol
C6H5OH
3064
methane
CH4
890
ethoxyethane
(C2H5)2O
2727
ethane
C2H6
1560
methanal
HCHO
561
propane
C3H8
2220
ethanal
CH3CHO
1167
butane
C4H10
2877
benzaldehyde
C6H5CHO
3520
pentane
C5H12
3509
propanone
(CH3)2CO
1786
hexane
C6H14
4194
pentan-3-one
(C2H5)2CO
3078
octane
C8H18
5512
phenylethanone
CH3COC6H5
4138
cyclohexane
C6H12
3924
diphenylmethanone
(C6H5)2CO
6512
ethene
C2H4
1409
methanoic acid
HCOOH
263
buta-1,3-diene
C4H6
2542
ethanoic acid
CH3COOH
876
ethyne
C2H2
1299
benzoic acid
C6H5COOH
3227
benzene
C6H6
3267
ethanedioic acid
(COOH)2
246
methylbenzene
C6H5CH3
3909
ethyl ethanoate
CH3COOC2H5
2246
(kJ mol1)
State
H c (kJ mol1)
C10H8
anthracene
C14H10
chloroethane
Substance
Formula
naphthalene
State
H c
Substance
Formula
5157
ethanamide
CH3CONH2
1182
7114
benzamide
C6H5CONH2
3546
C2H5Cl
1413
methylamine
CH3NH2
1072
bromoethane
C2H5Br
1425
ethylamine
C2H5NH2
1709
iodoethane
C2H5I
1466
phenylamine
C6H5NH2
3397
(chloromethyl)benzene
C6H5CH2Cl
3709
nitrobenzene
C6H5NO2
3094
trichloromethane
CHCl3
373
urea
CO(NH2)2
634
methanol
CH3OH
715
glucose
C6H12O6
2816
ethanol
C2H5OH
1371
sucrose
C12H22O11
5644
(kJ mol1)
15
13. Lattice enthalpies at 298 K (experimental and theoretical

values)
The lattice enthalpy values (H lattice

) given relate to the endothermic process
MX(s) M+(g) + X(g)

in which the gaseous ions of a crystal are separated to an infinite distance from each other.
Experimental values
The data in these two tables are experimental values obtained by means of a suitable
BornHaber cycle.
H lattice
Alkali metal halides
(kJ mol1)
Cl
Br
Li
1022
846
800
744
Na
902
771
733
684
801
701
670
629
Rb
767
675
647
609
Cs
716
645
619
585
Other substances
H lattice
(kJ mol1)
Other substances
H lattice
(kJ mol1)
CaF2
2602
MgS
3238
BeCl2
3006
CaS
2966
MgCl2
2493
SrS
2779
CaCl2
2237
BaS
2643
SrCl2
2112
CuCl
976
BaCl2
2018
AgF
955
MgO
3889
AgCl
905
CaO
3513
AgBr
890
SrO
3310
AgI
876
BaO
3152
NH4Cl
640
16
Lattice enthalpies at 298 K (experimental and theoretical values)
Theoretical values
These two tables contain lattice enthalpies calculated from electrostatic principles on the
basis of a purely ionic model for the crystal.
H lattice
Alkali metal halides
(kJ mol1)
Cl
Br
Li
1004
833
787
728
Na
891
766
732
686
795
690
665
632
Rb
761
674
644
607
Cs
728
636
611
582
Other substances
H lattice
(kJ mol1)
Other substances
H lattice
(kJ mol1)
CaF2
2611
AgF
870
MgO
3929
AgCl
770
CaO
3477
AgBr
758
SrO
3205
AgI
736
BaO
3042
17
14. Standard electrode potentials

Reduced species
E (V)
Li+(aq) + e
Li(s)
3.03
K+(aq) + e
K(s)
2.92
Ca2+(aq) + 2e
Ca(s)
2.87
Na+(aq) + e
Na(s)
2.71
Mg2+(aq) + 2e
Mg(s)
2.36
Al3+(aq) + 3e
Al(s)
1.66
Mn2+(aq) + 2e
Mn(s)
1.18
H2(g) + OH(aq)
0.83
Zn2+(aq) + 2e
Zn(s)
0.76
Fe2+(aq) + 2e
Fe(s)
0.44
Ni2+(aq) + 2e
Ni(s)
0.23
Sn2+(aq) + 2e
Sn(s)
0.14
Pb2+(aq) + 2e
Pb(s)
0.13
Oxidized species
H2O(l) + e
H+(aq) + e
H2(g)
0.00
Cu2+(aq) + e
Cu+(aq)
+0.15
H2SO3(aq) + H2O(l)
+0.17
Cu(s)
+0.34
2OH(aq)
+0.40
Cu(s)
+0.52
SO42(aq) + 4H+(aq) + 2e
Cu2+(aq) + 2e
O2(g) + H2O(l) + 2e
Cu+(aq) + e
18
Standard electrode potentials
Reduced species
E (V)
I(aq)
+0.54
Fe3+(aq) + e
Fe2+(aq)
+0.77
Ag+(aq) + e
Ag(s)
+0.80
Br2(l) + e
Br(aq)
+1.09
O2(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2e
H2O(l)
+1.23
2Cr3+(aq) + 7H2O(l)
+1.33
Cl(aq)
+1.36
Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l)
+1.51
F(aq)
+2.87
Oxidized species
I2(s) + e
Cr2O72(aq) + 14H+(aq) + 6e
Cl2(g) + e
MnO4(aq) + 8H+(aq) + 5e
F2(g) + e
19
15. Strengths of organic acids and bases

The acid strengths in the following tables are given in terms of pKa values, where
pKa = log10 Ka.
The dissociation constant, Ka, values are for aqueous solutions at 298 K. Base strengths are
given in terms of pKb values.
Carboxylic acids
Name
Formula
pKa
methanoic
HCOOH
3.75
ethanoic
CH3COOH
4.76
propanoic
CH3CH2COOH
4.87
butanoic
CH3(CH2)2COOH
4.82
2-methylpropanoic
(CH3)2CHCOOH
4.85
pentanoic
CH3(CH2)3COOH
4.86
2,2-dimethylpropanoic
(CH3)3CCOOH
5.05
benzoic
C6H5COOH
4.20
phenylethanoic
C6H5CH2COOH
4.31
Halogenated carboxylic acids

Name
Formula
pKa
chloroethanoic
CH2ClCOOH
2.86
dichloroethanoic
CHCl2COOH
1.29
trichloroethanoic
CCl3COOH
0.65
fluoroethanoic
CH2FCOOH
2.66
bromoethanoic
CH2BrCOOH
2.90
iodoethanoic
CH2ICOOH
3.17
20
Strengths of organic acids and bases
Phenols
Name
Formula
pKa
phenol
C6H5OH
10.00
2-nitrophenol
O2NC6H4OH
7.21
3-nitrophenol
O2NC6H4OH
8.35
4-nitrophenol
O2NC6H4OH
7.15
2,4-dinitrophenol
(O2N)2C6H3OH
4.01
2,4,6-trinitrophenol
(O2N)3C6H2OH
0.42
Name
Formula
pKa
methanol
CH3OH
15.5
ethanol
C2H5OH
16.0
Name
Formula
pKb
ammonia
NH3
4.75
methylamine
CH3NH2
3.36
ethylamine
CH3CH2NH2
3.27
dimethylamine
(CH3)2NH
3.28
trimethylamine
(CH3)3N
4.20
diethylamine
(C2H5)2NH
3.07
triethylamine
(C2H5)3N
3.36
phenylamine
C6H5NH2
9.38
Alcohols
Amines
21
16. Acidbase indicators

Colour change
Indicator
pKa
pH range
Acid
Alkali
methyl orange
3.7
3.14.4
red
yellow
bromophenol blue
4.0
3.04.6
yellow
blue
bromocresol green
4.7
3.85.4
yellow
blue
methyl red
5.1
4.26.3
red
yellow
bromothymol blue
7.0
6.07.6
yellow
blue
phenol red
7.9
6.88.4
yellow
red
phenolphthalein
9.3
8.310.0
colourless
red
22
17. Infrared data

Characteristic ranges for infrared absorption due to stretching vibrations in organic
molecules.
Bond
Organic molecules
Wavenumber (cm1)
CI
iodoalkanes
490620
CBr
bromoalkanes
500600
CCl
chloroalkanes
600800
CF
fluoroalkanes
10001400
CO
alcohols, esters, ethers
10501410
C=C
alkenes
16101680
C=O
aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters
17001750
CC
alkynes
21002260
OH
hydrogen bonded in acids
25003300
CH
alkanes, alkenes, arenes
28503100
OH
hydrogen bonded in alcohols, phenols
32003600
NH
primary amines
33003500
23
18. 1H NMR data

Typical proton chemical shift values () relative to tetramethylsilane (TMS) = 0.
R represents an alkyl group, and Hal represents F, Cl, Br, or I.

These values may vary in different solvents and conditions.
Type of proton
R
R
Chemical shift (ppm)
0.91.0
CH3
R
CH2
1.31.4
1.41.6
R3CH
2.02.5
H 3C
C
2.22.7
CH3
2.53.5
1.83.1
Hal
3.54.4
CH2
CH3
O
R
3.84.1
O
CH2R
O
R
24
9.013.0
3.33.7
4.012.0
Type of proton
RHC
CH2
H NMR data
Chemical shift (ppm)
4.56.0
OH
4.012.0
6.99.0
O
R
9.410.0
C
H
25
19. 2-Amino acids

Common name
alanine
Symbol
Ala
pH of isoelectric
point
Structural formula
H2N
CH
COOH
6.0
CH3
H2N
arginine
Arg
CH
COOH
CH2
CH2
NH
CH2
NH2
10.8
NH
H2N
asparagine
Asn
CH
CH2
COOH
C
5.4
NH2
aspartic acid
Asp
H2N
CH
2.8
CH2
cysteine
Cys
H2N
H2N
glutamine
Gln
COOH
COOH
CH
COOH
CH2
SH
CH
COOH
CH2
CH2
5.1
NH2
5.7
glutamic acid
glycine
26
Glu
Gly
H2N
H2N
CH
COOH
CH2
CH2
CH2
COOH
3.2
COOH
6.0
2-Amino acids
Common name
Symbol
pH of isoelectric
point
Structural formula
H2N
CH
COOH
H
histidine
CH2
His
7.6
isoleucine
Ile
H 2N
CH3
H2N
leucine
Leu
H2N
Lys
H2N
methionine
Met
H2N
phenylalanine
proline
serine
Phe
Pro
Ser
CH
CH2
CH
COOH
6.0
CH3
6.0
CH
CH3
CH
COOH
CH2
CH2
CH
COOH
CH2
CH2
CH
H
N
H2N
9.7
CH2
CH2
NH2
5.7
S
CH3
COOH
5.5
CH2
H2N
threonine
COOH
CH2
CH3
lysine
CH
COOH
6.3
CH
COOH
CH2
OH
5.7
CH
COOH
CH
OH
Thr
5.6
CH3
27
2-Amino acids
Common name
Symbol
H2N
tryptophan
pH of isoelectric
point
Structural formula
CH
COOH
CH2
Trp
5.9
N
H
H2N
tyrosine
Tyr
OH
CH
COOH
CH
CH3
Val
5.7
6.0
CH3
28
COOH
CH2
H2N
valine
CH
20. Structural formulas of some important medicines and

drugs
CH3
OH
CH2
OH
O
CH3
CH3
CH3
NHCOCH 3
COOH
aspirin
paracetamol
(acetaminophen)
ibuprofen
CH2
CH3
OH
CH2
CH2
CH3
CH2
OH
CH2
CH2
CH3
OCCH3
O
OCCH3
OCH3
OH
morphine
codeine
heroin
O
H3C
OH
CH2
CH
NH2
HO
CH
CH2
NH
CH3
CH3
HO
CH3
CH3
amphetamine
epinephrine (adrenaline)
caffeine
29
CH3
O
R
NH
CH3
CH3
Cl
CH3
OH
nicotine
diazepam (Valium)
penicillin
CH3
O
N
HN
N
O2N
H2 N
HO
nitrazepam (Mogadon)
N
H
N
CH2
CH2
CH2
O
acyclovir
indole
CH3
O
O
N
CH3
CH3
cocaine
30
H3 C
H3 C
CH2
NH
N
CH2
O
lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
O
NH2
CH2CH3
O
CH2CH2
F 3C
CH2CH3
CH 2
CH 2
NH 2 + Cl CH 2
fluoxetine hydrochloride (Prozac)
procaine
CH3
CH3
OH
NH
H3C
O
H3C
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH3
CH2
N
H 2C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
lidocaine
H
O
O
CH 3O
CH 2
CH 2
NH 2
CH 3
O
CH 2
Pt
N+
CH 2
NH3
Cl
CH 3
CH 3O
OCH 3
Cl
NH3
N
H
psilocybine
mescaline
cisplatin
31
21. Structural formulas of some important biological

molecules
HO
OH
CH2OH
CH2OH
CH2OH
H
4
OH
3
OH
HO OH
OH
OH
HOCH2
H
3
OH
lactose
O H CH2OH
4
OH
sucrose
O
C
HO
HO
HO
CH2OH
retinol (vitamin A)
H3C
CH2
CH
CH3
ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
CH3
CH2
CH2
H3 C
CH
CH2
CH
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH2
CH2
CH
CH3
CH3
CH2
HO
HO
cholesterol
32
vitamin D
CH3
CH3
OH
CH3
CH3
OH
CH3
H3C
HO
estradiol
progesterone
OH
HO
testosterone
CH
CH2
NH
CH3
HO
HO
thyroxine
NH2
HN
CH
HC
NH2
C
C
N
H2N C
N
H
adenine
CH
C
N
O
C
HN
CH
CH
N
H
cytosine
CH
N
H
guanine
HN
COOH
NH2
epinephrine (adrenaline)
CH
CH2
CH
N
H
uracil
CH3
CH
N
H
thymine
33
CH2
CH
CH2
CH2
HO
CH2
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH2
CH2
CH
CH
CH3
CH3
H3C
CH
CH2
N
Fe
N
O
CH3
HOOC
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
COOH
the heme group from cytochrome oxidase
NH2
N
P
O
O
O
P
O
CH2
O
OH OH
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
34
22. Structural formulas of some important food chemistry

molecules
Some anthocyanins
quinoidal base (blue)
flavylium cation (red)
chalcone (colourless)
carbinol pseudo-base (colourless)
NH
Fe
N
myoglobin
HN
porphyrin
35
chlorophyll
Some preservatives
OH
OH
C(CH3)3
C(CH3)3
O
CH3
2-tert-butyl-4hydroxyanisole (2-BHA)
36
O
CH3
3-tert-butyl-4hydroxyanisole (3-BHA)
3,5-di-tert-butyl-4hydroxytoluene (BHT)
OH
OH
HO
HO
OH
OH
C
C3H7
COOC3H7
tert-butylhydroquinone
(TBHQ)
2,4,5trihydroxybutyrophenone
(THBP)
propyl gallate (PG)
Some of the carotenes
alpha-carotene
beta-carotene
HO
lutein
37
HO
O
astaxanthin
Some fatty acids

Fatty acid
Formula
Octanoic acid
CH3(CH2)6COOH
Lauric acid
CH3(CH2)10COOH
Stearic acid
CH3(CH2)14COOH
Palmitic acid
CH3(CH2)14COOH
Oleic acid
CH3(CH2)7CHCH(CH2)7COOH
Linoleic acid
CH3(CH2)4(CHCHCH2)2(CH2)6COOH
Linolenic acid
CH3CH2(CHCHCH2)3(CH2)6COOH
38

IB Chem HL Data Booklet 2009-2015

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

IB Chem HL Data Booklet 2009-2015

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chemistry

First examinations 2009

First examinations 2009

International Baccalaureate Organization

Published March 2007

Printed in the United Kingdom by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wiltshire

Some relevant equations

Names of the first 103 elements

The periodic table

Melting points and boiling points of the elements

First ionization energy, electron affinity and electronegativity of the

Atomic and ionic radii of the elements

Covalent bond lengths

Average bond enthalpies at 298 K

Organic compoundsthermodynamic data

Lattice enthalpies at 298 K (experimental and theoretical values)

Standard electrode potentials

Strengths of organic acids and bases

Structural formulas of some important medicines and drugs

Structural formulas of some important biological molecules

Structural formulas of some important food chemistry molecules

Chemistry data booklet

1. Some relevant equations

International Baccalaureate Organization 2007

Chemistry data booklet

International Baccalaureate Organization 2007

Chemistry data booklet

International Baccalaureate Organization 2007

Chemistry data booklet

4. Names of the first 103 elements

International Baccalaureate Organization 2007

Names of the first 103 elements

International Baccalaureate Organization 2007

Chemistry data booklet

5. The periodic table

International Baccalaureate Organization 2007

International Baccalaureate Organization 2007

Chemistry data booklet

6. Melting points and boiling points of the elements

Melting point (K)

Boiling point (K)

Chemistry data booklet

7. First ionization energy, electron affinity and electronegativity of the elements

1310 142 1680 348 2080

1140 342 1350

International Baccalaureate Organization 2007

1010 314 1170

1000 200 1260 364 1520

International Baccalaureate Organization 2007

Chemistry data booklet

8. Atomic and ionic radii of the elements

Chemistry data booklet

9. Covalent bond lengths

Bond length (nm)

Bond length (nm)

CCl (in chlorobenzene)

International Baccalaureate Organization 2007

Chemistry data booklet

10. Average bond enthalpies at 298 K

International Baccalaureate Organization 2007

Chemistry data booklet

11. Organic compoundsthermodynamic data

International Baccalaureate Organization 2007

Organic compoundsthermodynamic data