&

f(x)

f(g(x))

f(x)

f(g(x))

(x) = 1, (A) = 0 A R

[Af(x)] = Af (x)

dx = x + c

Af(x) dx = A f(x) dx

(x ) = x 1

[f (x)] = [f( x )] 1 f (x)

( x ) =

[ f ( x ) ] =

2 x

1
1
= (x 1) = 2
x
x

1
1
=

f (x)
2
f
(
x
)
f
(x)

(e x ) = e x

[e ]= e
f (x)

( x ) = x n

(nx) =

f (x )

1> 0

[ ]=

x>0

[ln f (x )] =

1
,
x

f (x)

f (x)

2 f (x)

dx

f (x)

x dx = x + c

e dx = e

f ( x )ln

x dx =

+c

x
+c
n

(x)

f (x)

dx =

1
+c
f (x)

f ( x )dx = ef ( x ) + c

f ( x )f ( x )dx =

f ( x )
+c
n

f ( x )

1
f ( x )
f (x )

f +1(x)

f (x)f (x)dx = + 1 + c
f (x)
f (x) dx = 2 f (x) + c

= 2 x +c

f ( x )

f (x)

x +1

x dx = + 1 + c

x dx = n | x | +c

f (x) dx = n | f (x) | +c

(sinx) = cosx

[sin f ( x )] = f ( x ) cos f ( x )

cosxdx = sinx + c

f (x) cos f (x)dx = sin f (x) + c

(cosx) = sinx

[cos f ( x )] = f (x ) sin f ( x )

sinxdx = cos x + c

f (x) sin f (x)dx = cos f (x) + c

[tan f (x )] =

cos x = tanx + c

(tanx) =

(cotx) =

1
cos2 x
1

[cotf(x)] =

sin 2 x
1

(arcsinx) =

1 x
(arccosx) =

1
1 x

(arctanx) =

1
1+ x

1
sin 2f(x)

[arcsin f (x )] =
[arccosf(x)] =
[arctanf(x)] =

1 f (x)
f (x)

1 f (x)
1
2

1 + f (x)

f (x)

(sinhx) = coshx

[sinhf(x)] = f (x)coshf(x)

(coshx) = sinhx

[coshf(x)] = f (x)sinhf(x)

dx
x2 +

= n | x + x 2 + | +c

2 x 2 dx =

2
x
x
arcsin + c
2 x2 +
2
2

dx
1 x

dx
1 x
dx
2

+1

x
1
n
+c
x+
2

x 2 + 2 dx =

dx = tan f ( x ) + c

= arcsinx + c

= arccosx + c

f ( x )
1 f 2 (x)
f ( x )
1 f 2 (x)
f (x)

1+ f

= arctanx + c

coshxdx = sinhx + c
sinhxdx = coshx + c

dx
2

f (x)

sin f(x)dx = cotf(x) + c

f ( x )

f (x)

dx

sin x = cotx + c

cos

f (x)

f ( x )

dx

f ( x )

cos2 f ( x )

(x)

dx = arcsin f (x ) + c

dx = arccosf ( x ) + c

dx = arctanf(x) + c

f (x)coshf(x)dx = sinh f(x) + c

f (x)sinhf (x)dx = coshf(x)+ c
dx
2

2 3/2

+x )

1
sin[arctanx/] + c

2
x 2

n x + x 2 + 2 + c
x + 2 +
2
2

( )
y=f(g(x)). M 4
x=x 4 g(xo)=u y=f(u)=f(g(xo)).
.. y=(x2+3x)5 4: u=g(x)=x2 +3x f(u)=u5=g5(x).
4 4 4
4 4 . x u y
4 4 :

y = f(x) 4
4 4 (x, f(x)) (x + h, f(x + h) ).
4 , (4 ) :
tan =

B f(x + h) f(x)
=

h 4 (h 0 ) , x+h
4 x, 4 4 4 4
4 4 4.
4 , 4
x :
f ( x ) = im

h 0

f (x + h) f (x)
h

f (x) = tan

y=f(g(x)) 4 4
:
d
du
d
dy
d
g( x )
f (u )
f(u)
=
=
dx
dx du
dx du

y=f(x), 4 x
y x=f 1 (y).
f 1 [f(x)]=x 4 :
dx
d
d 1
f (x) =
[f ( y)]
dx
dx
dy

[f 1( y)] =

f (x)

44 y=f(x):
y(x) =

df ( x ) d
dy
f (x)
= f ( x ) =
=
dx
dx
dx

f (x) x, :

f (x) =

d 2f(x)
dx 2

d2
dx 2

f (x)

f (x) = f (3) ( x ) =

4 :

d3f(x)
dx 3

...

4 4 4 s(t) 4
: s(t) = (t)
(t) 4 4
: (t) = (t) (t) = s (t) ( )

.
4 f (x) 4 ,

y = f(x) 4 .. R .
4 4 :
1) 4 f(x) 4 44
( ), f(x)=0. 44 4
x (f(xo)=0), 4 4 4
f(x).
2o) 4 M .. f(x)>0 f(x)
. x1<x2 f(x1)<f(x2).
x , f(x).
4 M .. f(x)<0 f(x)
. x1<x2 f(x1)>f(x2).
x , f(x).

4 x 4 f(xo)=0 :
) x<xo f(x)>0 x>xo f(x)<0 ,
4 () x 4 2 f(xo) (. 4).
) x<xo f(x)<0 x>xo f(x)>0 ,
4 () x 4 f(xo) (. 4).

tan = f (x) .
2
4 (x 0 , f ( x 0 ) ) 4 y = f ( x ) , 4

tan = f (x ) 4 (x , y )
:

y f(x o )
x x0

= f (x o )

f (xo )

y = f(x o ) + f ( x o )(x x o )

( x o , f ( x o ))

xo

f ( x o ) = tan

2
4 xo ( f(xo)=0) 4 4
4 2 x : f(x).
) xo 4 f(xo)=0 f(x)<0,
x 4 4 4 y=f(xo).
) xo 4 f(xo)=0 f(x)>0,
x 4 4 y=f(xo).