Exponents

1]

x x x
m

mn

2]

2]

x
x mn
n
x

m n

3]
4]

xy

x y

7]

xm x n
n

6]

4]

mn

1
n

5]

3]

x
x
n
y
y
n

4]

log a 1 0

7]

log a
log b

ln e x x
ln x n n ln x

11]

e ln x x
ln e 1

Quadratic Equation:

an

a
n

x
m

Formula:
Where

If

B B 2 4 AC
2A

B 2 4 AC

B 4 AC
2

Ax 2 Bx C 0

is the discriminant

, the roots are equal.

B 4 AC
2

a n b n ab

5]

log a a x x log a a x

a na

3]

log a a 1

1
n

2]

log a M n n log a M

10]

1
xn

M
log a M log a N
N

log b a

9]

8]
Radicals
1]

6]

8]

x0 1
x n

5]

log a

a na

n
b
b

provided that b 0

If
,the roots are real,
unequal.
If

B 2 4 AC

,the roots are imaginary.

Properties of Roots
Logarithms [Common and Natural]
1]

log a MN log a M log a N

a]Sum of Roots:

x1 x2

B
A

x1 x2

C
A

b]Product of Roots: