Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Pengetahuan Awal

Rangkaian Daya

1.Kontrol oleh ignition switch

2.Kontrol oleh ECU mesin

ECU mesin
EFI

BATT

Ignition
switch

+B
+B1*
relay
utama
EFI

E1

Hanya beberapa
model

(1/3)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Pengetahuan Awal

Rangkaian Daya

1.Kontrol oleh ignition switch

ECU mesin
EFI

BATT

Ignition
switch

+B
+B1*
relay utama EFI

E1

* Some models only

(2/3)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Pengetahuan Awal

Rangkaian Daya

2.Kontrol oleh mesin ECU

Ignition
switch

ECU mesin
IGSW
BATT

EFI

+B
M-REL

A/F HTR relay

E1
EFI
main relay

Key
unlock
warning
switch

rasio udara-bahan
bakar sensors

(3/3)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Pengetahuan Awal
1.Ground untuk operasi ECU
mesin (E1)
2.Ground-ground sensor (E2, E21)
3.Ground-ground untuk operasi
aktuator (E01, E02)

Rangkaian Ground

ECU mesin
Sensors

Actuators
E2

+B

E21
+B
E1
E01

E02

Air intake chamber

(1/1)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Pengetahuan Awal

Tegangan Terminal Sensor

ECU
BATT
Constant-voltage
circuit

+B
sensor posisi
throttle

5V

5V

VC
0-5V
Microprocessor

E2
E1

(1/1)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Pengetahuan Awal

Tegangan Terminal Sensor

ECU
BATT
Constant-voltage
circuit

+B
sensor posisi
throttle

5V

5V

VC
0-5V
Microprocessor

E2
E1

(1/1)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Pengetahuan Awal

Tegangan Terminal Sensor

2. Using a
thermistor (THW,
THA)

ECU

5V

Constant-voltage
circuit

R
A
Microprocessor
Sensor
(Thermistor)
E2
E1

(1/1)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Pengetahuan Awal

Tegangan Terminal Sensor

ECU

5V

Sensors
(Transistor
(Switch
used)
diguna
kan)

Constant-voltage
circuit

Microprocessor

(1/1)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Pengetahuan Awal

Tegangan Terminal Sensor

ECU

Switch
lampu stop
Microprocessor

Stop lamp

(1/1)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Pengetahuan Awal

Tegangan Terminal Sensor

ECU

Microprocessor

Pickup coil

(1/1)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal

Meteran massa
aliran udara:
Tipe Hot-wire
Meteran volume
aliran udara:
Tipe vane dan tipe
karman vorteks
optis

Meteran Aliran Udara

Vane type

Hot-wire type

ke Air
intake
chamber

to Air intake
chamber
Dari Air cleaner

Dari Air cleaner

Optical Karman vortex type

Dari Air cleaner

Air flow

Karman
vortexes

ke Air
intake
chamber

REFERENCE:
Vane Type
REFERENCE:
Optical Karman vortex type

(1/5)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal

Meteran Aliran Udara

1.Tipe Hot-wire

Intake air
temp. sensor
Thermistor

Air flow

Platinum hot-wire

(2/5)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal

Meteran Aliran Udara

arus

Intake air
dingi
n

Hot-wire (heater)*
*temperatur konstan

Output voltage (VG)

5V

Intake air mass

(g/sec.)

(3/5)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal

Meteran Aliran Udara

ECU mesin

meteran
aliran udara
Operation
amplifier
Ra
(thermistor)

Rh (hot-wire;heater)
VG

Air
R3
A
R2

B
R1

VG

(4/5)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal

Meteran Aliran Udara

ECU mesin

meteran
aliran udara
Operation
amplifier
Ra
(thermistor)

Rh (hot-wire;heater)
VG

Air
R3
A
R2

B
VG

R1

Hot-wire (Rh) temp.

20C+ T
0C+ T
V

Intake air temp.

20C+
0C+

(5/5)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Manifold Pressure Sensor (Vacuum

Sensor)

Sensor dan Sinyal

Vacuum chamber
Silicon chip

Manifold
pressure sensor ECU mesin
VC
5V
R
PIM
E2
E1

Filter

to Intake manifold
Silicon chip

Intake manifold pressure

Output voltage (PIM)

(V)
4
3
2
1
0 20
60
100
(760) (610)
(310)
(10)
Intake manifold pressure
(tekanan absolut)

kPa
(mmHg
[Vacuum])

(1/1)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal

Sensor Posisi Throttle

Throttle body
sensor
posisi
throttle

Linear type

Tipe Hall element

Hall IC

Magnets

REFERENCE:
On-off Type

(1/3)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal

Sensor Posisi Throttle

1.Linear type
Slider (contact
for IDL signal)

Closed

E2
IDL
VTA
VC
Open

ECU mesin

sensor posisi
throttle

Resistor
Slider (contact for
VTA signal)

VC
5V

VTA
IDL

(Open)

+B

E2
(Closed)

E1

to other ECU (s)

Idling
Closed

ut
utp
o
A
VT

Terbuka
Throttle penuh
Open
valve

Output voltage (V)

IDL output

Output voltage (V)

5 12
5
VTA2

Tertutup
Closed
penuh

VTA1
Terbuka
Open
Throttle penuh
valve
(2/3)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal

Sensor Posisi Throttle

2.Tipe Hall element

Throttle valve

Magnets
Hall IC
(untuk sensor posisi
Throttle shaft
throttle)
sensor posisi
throttle
Magnet

ECU
mesin

Output
voltage (V)
5

VTA1
Hall
C

Hall
C

VC
VTA2

Magnet

VTA2
5V

VTA1
0
Throttle valve
Throttle valve
Terbuka
tertutup penuh
penuh
Sudut bukaan Throttle
valve

(3/3)
REFERENCE:
Hall Effect

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal

Sensor Posisi Pedal Gas

1.Linear type

Sensor
operational
range
Jangkauan
operasional
Pedal

Tertutup
penuh

Terbuka
penuh

Sensor
operational
range
Jangkauan
operasional
Pedal

Tertutup
penuh

EP2

Terbuka
penuh

VPA2 VCP2 EP1 VPA

VCP1

5V
Output voltage

Sensor Posisi Pedal

Gas

VPA2

VPA

0 Tertut
Terbu
ka
up
pedal gas
depressed angle
penuh
penu
h

(1/2)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal

Sensor Posisi Pedal Gas

2. Tipe Hall element

Magnet

Hall IC

Hall
C
Hall
C

VPA
EPA
VCPA
Engine
VPA2 ECU
EPA2
VCP2

Magnet

Output voltage

Sensor Posisi
Pedal Gas
Magnet

pedal gas arm

V
5
VPA2
VPA
0
Tertut
up
penuh
Sudut penekanan pedal gas

Terbu
ka
penu
h

(2/2)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal

Generator Sinyal G dan NE

sensor posisi camshaft

Crankshaft position sensor

Crankshaft position sensor

sensor posisi camshaft

REFERENCE:
In-distributor Type

(1/3)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal

Generator Sinyal G dan NE

1.sensor posisi camshaft

(Generator sinyal G)
ECU mesin
G22
G

G22
NE

NE

NE
E1

720CA

G signal
360CA
NE signal
10CA

30CA

(2/3)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System
Generator Sinyal G dan NE

Sensor dan Sinyal

2. Sensor posisi crankshaft
(generator sinyal NE)
ECU mesin
G
NE

G22
G22
NE
NE
E1

720CA

G signal
360CA
NE signal
10CA

30CA

(3/3)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor Suhu Air/ Sensor Suhu Intake

Udara

Sensor dan Sinyal

sensor temperatur air

sensor temperatur intake air

Resistance (k)

Thermistor
40
20
10
8
6
4
2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4

Intake air
temp. sensor
Air flow
ECU mesin
THW
(THA)
THW
(THA)

0.2

-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120

(-4) (32) (68)(104)(140) (176)(212)(248)

Temperatur C(F)

5V

E2
E2

E1

sensor temperatur air

(sensor temperatur intake air)

(1/1)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor Suhu Air/ Sensor Suhu Intake

Udara

Sensor dan Sinyal

sensor temperatur air

sensor temperatur intake air

Resistance (k)

Thermistor
40
20
10
8
6
4
2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4

Intake air
temp. sensor
Air flow
ECU mesin
THW
(THA)
THW
(THA)

0.2

-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120

(-4) (32) (68)(104)(140) (176)(212)(248)

Temperatur C(F)

5V

E2
E2

E1

sensor temperatur air

(sensor temperatur intake air)

(1/1)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor Suhu Air/ Sensor Suhu Intake

Udara

Sensor dan Sinyal

sensor temperatur air

sensor temperatur intake air

Resistance (k)

Thermistor
40
20
10
8
6
4
2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4

Intake air
temp. sensor
Air flow
ECU mesin
THW
(THA)
THW
(THA)

0.2

-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120

(-4) (32) (68)(104)(140) (176)(212)(248)

Temperatur C(F)

5V

E2
E2

E1

sensor temperatur air

(sensor temperatur intake air)

(1/1)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal

Sensor Oksigen (Sensor O2)

udara
ambien
Flange

Platinum
Zirconia element
Platinum

Exhaust gas
Lapisan
pelindung

Output voltage (V)

rasio uadara-bahan
1 bakar teoritikal
Tak ada
udara ke
dalam gas
buangan

Bnyak
udara ke
dalam gas
buangan

ECU
0.45V 5V
OX
sensor
oksigen

E1

0
Lebih
kaya

Lebih
sedikit
rasio udarabahan bakar

(1/1)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal

Sensor Rasio Udara-Bahan bakar (A/F)

A/F sensor data

sensor rasio udarabahan bakar

2.2

sensor
oksigen

0.1
11

19
14.7
rasio udara-bahan
bakar
Output characteristics

ECU mesin

(V)
1
Oxygen
sensor output

(V)
4.2

AF

3.3V

sensor
rasio
udarabahan
AF
bakar

3.0V

High
(rich)
OX sensor
output
Rendah
(sedikit)
Tinggi
(sedikit)
A/F sensor
data
Lebih
rendah
(kaya)

akselerasi
keras

deselerasi
keras

(1/1)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal

Sensor Kecepatan Kendaraan

1.MRE type
Transmission
output shaft

Driven gear

sensor
kecepatan

HIC (dengan built-in

MRE)

Magnetic rings

REFERENCE:
Other Type Speed Sensors

(1/2)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal

Sensor Kecepatan Kendaraan

Constant voltage circuit

+B

sensor kecepatan
20-Pole type

Magnetic
ting

1
MRE 4

keCombinati
on meter

3
Comparator

Magnetic ring (rotating)

MRE output

1
0
12V
sensor kecepatanoutput
0V
Comparator output

Output voltage type

sensor
kecep
atan
5V
or
12V

Combination
meter
SPD

ke ECU
lain

Variable resistance type

ECU
5V

ECU

sensor
kecepa
tan

5V
SPD

ke ECU
lain
(2/2)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal

keECU mesin

Diaphragm

Voltage

Knock sensor

High

Sensor Ketukan (Knock Sensor)

Rend
ah

Frekwensi

Tinggi

KNK signal waveforms

Piezoelectric
element

ECU mesin

dengan Open/short
circuit detection type
KNK1

0.5V/Division

5V
0V or 2.5V

EKNK

5 msec./Division
Piezoelectric
element

Resistor

2.5V: dengan Open/short circuit detection

type.
(1/1)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sinyal STA (Starter)/Sinyal NSW (Neutral

Start Switch)

Sensor dan Sinyal

rangkaian listrik sinyal

Ignition
switch

STA

ECU mesin

(M/T)
STA
ST
Neutral
start
M
switch
(A/T) Starter

E1

ECU mesin
rangkaian listrik sinyal NSW
Ignition
switch

NSW

+B

Neutral start switch

STA
Relay
bukaan
rangkaia
n, dll,

M
Starter

(1/1)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sinyal A/C (Air Conditioner) /Sinyal Beban

Listrik (Electrical Load Signal)

Sensor dan Sinyal

rangkaian listrik sinyal

A/C

ECU mesin
rangkaian listrik sinyal beban listrik
A/C

ECU mesin
Taillight relay
to Taillight control
switch

A/C
magnetic
clutch

defogger
Jendela
belakang SW

ELS

ECU mesin

A/C
amplifier
A/C
switch

Taillight

defogger
A/C

Jendela
belakang

(1/1)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal

Variable Resistor

Idle mixture adjusting screw

L: Lean side
R: Rich side
Idle mixture
adjusting
screw

Connector

Resistor
Connector
ECU mesin

Variable
resistor
VC
Rich

Lean

5V

VAF
E2
E1

Idle mixture
adjusting screw

(1/1)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal

Sinyal Komunikasi

1. Sinyal system komunikasi TRC (Traction Control)

2.Sinyal komunikasi ABS (Anti-Lock Brake System)
3.Sinyal system komunikasi EHPS (Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering)

4.Sinyal system komunikasi cruise control

5.Sinyal kecepatan mesin
6.Sinyal sistem komunikasi engine immobiliser
7.Sinyal sudut bukaan throttle
8.Sinyal sistem komunikasi multipleks

(1/1)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal

1.Switch lampu stop/
2.Sensor suhu gas EGR /
3. Switch kontrol bahan
bakar dan konektor

Lain-lain

1. Switch lampu stop

2. Sensor suhu gas EGR

ECU mesin

+B

Switch
lampu stop
STP or BRK

ECU mesin
EGR Sensor suhu gas
valve EGR
5V
THG

Lamp failure
relay*

E2
E1

Stop
lamps
*Some vehicle models only

3. Fuel control switch atau connector

ECU mesin
Fuel control switch
atau connector
R-P

+B

Fuel control connector

(1/4)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal

4. Switch suhu air/
5. Clutch switch/
6. Sensor HAC (High-Altitude
Compensation)

Lain-lain

4. Switch suhu air

5. Clutch switch

ECU mesin

ECU mesin

Switch suhu air

TSW

+B

Clutch switch
N/C

+B

6. sensor HAC
sensor HAC

ECU mesin
VC

5V

HAC
E2
E1

Silicon chip

tekanan atmosferis

(2/4)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal

7. Sensor tekanan uap

(V) 5
4
3
tekanan
atmosferis

2
1
0

8. Sensor tekanan turbocharger

5
Output voltage

Output voltage

7. Sensor tekanan uap/

8. Sensor tekanan
turbocharger/
9. Switch tekanan oli

Lain-lain

4
3
2
1

0
13
100
200 kPa
0 1.5 kPa
(0) ( 11) (mmHg) (100) (750) (1500) (mmHg)
tekanan turbocharging
tekanan
(tekanan absolut)

3.5
( 26)

9. Switch tekanan oli

Oil pressure
warning lamp

ECU mesin

B
OIL

Oil pressure
sender

Switch
tekanan oli

(3/4)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal

Lain-lain

10.Kick-down switch
Kick-down
switch
KD

ECU mesin

+B

pedal gas
Kick-down
switch
pedal gas

Item

Kick-down
switch

pedal gas

Throttle valve

Tertutup
penuh

Terbuka
penuh

Terbuka
penuh

Kick-down
switch

OFF

OFF

ON

(4/4)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal

Terminal Diagnostik

DLC1

ECU mesin

E1
TE1

DLC3

TE1

DLC2
TE2

E1
TE1
TE2

E1
DLC1

SIL
TC

SIL
TC

DLC3

CG

DLC2
(1/1)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal

Tipe Vane

Potentiometer
E2 VS

Potentiometer
Slider
Return spring
Intake air
temp. sensor

Compensation
plate

Damping
chamber

ke Air intake
chamber

dariAir cleaner

VC

Compensation plate

Idle mixture
adjusting screw
Bypass passage
Measuring plate

ke Air intake
chamber

dariAir
cleaner

5.0
Voltage (V)

Measuring plate

VS signal
VC

E2

VS

E2

0
Measuring plate opening angle
(Intake air volume)

(1/1)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal

Tipe Karman Vorteks Optik

Kaca

dari
Air
cleaner

LED

Leaf spring

Karman
vortexes

Air flow

Vortex
generator
LED

ke Air
intake
chamber

Phototransistor

Pressure directing
aperture

Phototransistor

Mirror

Vortex generator

Pressure
directing
aperture

High
Voltage
signal
Low
Low

Intake air volume

High

(1/1)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal

Tipe On-Off

PSW
E
IDL

ECU mesin

sensor posisi
throttle
IDL

+B or 5V

E
PSW

IDL

+B or 5V

On
Off
On

PSW

Off
Throttle valve

Open

(1/1)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal

Hall Effect

Magnetic field
(Magnetic flux density)

Output voltage

VH
(mA)

Kepadatan Magnetic flux

(1/1)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal

Tipe In-distributor

G signal timing rotor

NE signal timing rotor

NE pickup coil

NE pickup coil
Distributor
shaft
G signal timing
rotor

G pickup coil
1/2 turn of timing rotor

1 turn of timing rotor

180CA (crankshaft angle)
NE signal
G signal

30CA

(1/1)

Diagnosis Technician >> Gasoline Engine Control System >> Electronic control System

Sensor dan Sinyal

1. Tipe reed switch /
2. Tipe photocoupler /
3. Tipe electromagnetic
pickup

Sensor Kecepatan Tipe Lain

Tipe photocoupler
to
Speedometer
cable

Tipe reed switch

to Speedometer cable
Magnet

Read switch Slotted

wheel

LED

Phototransistor
Photocoupler

Tipe electromagnetic pickup

Rotor
Rotor

Coil Core Speed sensor

Magnet
N

S
ECU
mesin

Speed sensor Output shaft

(1/1)